CN1227442A - High efficiency, energy saving and over torque DC motor for vehicles - Google Patents

High efficiency, energy saving and over torque DC motor for vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1227442A
CN1227442A CN 99101634 CN99101634A CN1227442A CN 1227442 A CN1227442 A CN 1227442A CN 99101634 CN99101634 CN 99101634 CN 99101634 A CN99101634 A CN 99101634A CN 1227442 A CN1227442 A CN 1227442A
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group
rotor
termination
poles
commutator segment
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CN 99101634
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张晴
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Zhang Cuixue
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Zhang Cuixue
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Abstract

In the high-efficiency energy-saving super-rotative moment DC motor, the magnetic poles of stator are permanent magnetic ones or electrically excited ones; the number of magnetic poles in stator is 6 or 6+4 n with n being one integral number; the number of magnetic poles in rotor is dependent on that in stator resulting in one ratio of the number of magnetic poles in the stator to that in the rotor being 2/3 or 3/4; the number of the commutator pieces is the least common multiple of the number of magnetic poles in both stator and rotor, and is always one even number. The magnetic pole windings of both stator and rotor have independent winding structure with concentric magnetic field and high efficiency. The motor has rational structure.

Description

Efficiently, energy-conservation, overtorque DC motor for vehicles
The present invention relates to a kind of efficient, energy-conservation, overtorque DC motor for vehicles.
Owing to reasonably select the rotor number of poles for use, make its structure more reasonable, especially what is used with storage battery to be equipped with the type electric bicycle, motorcycle, automobile, particularly important as the small-power of power supply.Also be suitable for the buncher industry that industries such as other industry of what, agricultural, mine, metallurgy are used.
The operation principle of common DC motor mostly is to want 8 magnetic poles to work simultaneously, then electricity scratch (rotor) need be provided with 20 multipole, and rotor all switch on generate an electromagnetic field, relativity power produces rotation.The structure of this motor is very complicated, needs to use a large amount of electricity to scratch winding, and itself is comparatively heavy.If adopt permanent magnet to do magnetic pole of the stator, owing to structural reason, torque force can not be done muchly, if do not adopt permanent magnet to do magnetic pole of the stator, does not reach purpose of energy saving again.
Purpose of the present invention is a choose reasonable rotor magnetic pole and number of poles ratio, when making its energising work, have only the part magnetic pole to be in commutation in the extremely short time, and work is inhaled, scolded to all the other all magnetic poles mutually, so torque force is especially big.
Reasonably select rotor magnetic pole number of poles for use, most critical be choose reasonable stator magnet number of poles, the magnetic pole of the stator magnetic direction is arranged rationally, promptly by the axle center, the principle in different in nature magnetic field each other entad.It must possess two conditions:
1, the stator magnet number of poles must be an even number, 2, number of magnetic poles must be or 6 above even numbers every an even number, as: 6,10,14,18,22 ...After stator poles was selected, the principle of selected rotor number of poles was to compare 2: 3 each other or 3: 4 with stator poles, but must be integer.As: stator selects 6, rotor optional 8 or 9.Stator selects 10, and rotor selects 5.
When rotor number of poles ratio is 2: 3, all rotor magnetic poles can be divided into 3 groups, when rotor number of poles ratio is 3: 4, then all rotor magnetic poles are divided into 8 groups, as rotor 8 utmost points, Z1 is first group, Z2 is second group ...
Be respectively 6 and 9 as rotor magnetic pole number of poles, the number of poles ratio is 2: 3, then rotor 9 utmost points is divided into 3 groups.Alignment ordinal number z1 z4 z7 is first group, and second group of z2 z5 z8, z3 z6 z9 are the 3rd group.All magnetic poles on the same group are in corresponding position, and the magnetic direction that energising produces is identical, commutates simultaneously during commutation.
The quantity of commutator commutation copper sheet 5 is minimum public multiples of selected stator-rotator magnetic number of poles.Select 6 as the stator magnet number of poles, the rotor magnetic pole number selects 9, and then commutator segment 5 sums are 18.The stator magnet number of poles selects 6, and the rotor magnetic pole number selects 8, and then the sum of copper segment 5 is 24.
With all commutator segment groupings, insert the rotor magnetic pole coil circuit, the principle of grouping is:
Rotor number of poles ratio is 2: 3, divides 6 groups
Rotor number of poles ratio is 3: 4, divides 8 groups
Every group commutator segment number is that total sheet number removes the group number.
As stator 6 utmost points, rotor 9 utmost points, commutator segment is several 18, and rotor was than 2: 3
18 ÷ 6=3 (sheet).Will the middle on the same group commutator segment 5 continuous equilateral triangles that form.Stator 6 utmost points, rotor 8 utmost points, commutator segment is several 24, and the rotor number of poles is than 3: 4,24 ÷ 8=3 (sheet).Will the middle on the same group commutator segment 5 continuous pentagons that form.
Stator 10 utmost points, rotor 15 utmost points, commutator segment 30 rotor numbers of poles were than 2: 330 ÷ 6=5 (sheet).Will the positive pentagon of middle on the same group commutator segment 5 continuous formation
Rotor magnetic pole coil 4 is inserted commutator circuit;
Stator-rotator magnetic number of poles ratio is 2: 3,6 groups wiring principle:
Connect with order or direction of rotation and arrange, the 1st group of commutator segment 5 connects the first group rotor pole coil 4 _ end, the 2nd group of commutator segment 5 connects the ⊙ end of the 3rd group rotor magnetic pole coil 4, the 3rd group of commutator segment 5 connects the ⊙ end that the second group rotor pole coil 4 _ end, the 4th group commutator segment 5 connect the first group rotor pole coil 4, the 5th group of commutator segment 5 connects the 3rd group rotor pole coil 4 _ end, and the 6th group of commutator segment 5 connects the ⊙ end of the second group rotor pole coil 4.
Concrete connection is seen Figure of abstract
Rotor number of poles ratio is 3 to 4,8 groups a wiring principle:
The 1st group of commutator segment 5 connects the first group rotor magnetic pole 4 _ end
The 2nd winding commutator segment 5 the 4th group rotor magnetic pole 4 _ end
The 3rd group of commutator segment 5 connects the ⊙ end of the 3rd group rotor magnetic pole 4
The 4th winding to device sheet 5 connect the second group rotor magnetic pole 4 _ end
The 5th group of commutator segment 5 connects the ⊙ end of the first group rotor magnetic pole 4
The 6th group of commutator segment 5 connects the ⊙ end of the 4th group rotor magnetic pole 4
The 7th group of commutator segment 5 connects the 3rd group rotor magnetic pole 4 _ end
The 8th group of commutator segment 5 connects the ⊙ end of the second group rotor magnetic pole 4
Concrete connection is seen Figure of description 1
From Figure of abstract and Figure of description 1,2 as can be seen, after the energising, have only 1/3rd magnetic pole and 1/4th magnetic pole temporarily to be in commutation position respectively.Commutation finishes all magnetic pole of the stator 8 of back, to rotor magnetic pole 3, all locates the rotor magnetic pole with repulsion the place ahead simultaneously, inhales and draws the rotor magnetic pole at rear, so torque is especially big.
The Figure of abstract course of work is as follows:
The work relationship that rotor magnetic pole 3 Z1Z4Z7 temporarily are in all the other each utmost points of commutation position is
The Z2_ termination is just brushed, and the negative brush of ⊙ termination produces the S utmost point, is scolded by the D1S utmost point, and the D2N utmost point is inhaled
Z3 ⊙ termination is just brushed, and the negative brush of _ termination produces the N utmost point is scolded by the D2N utmost point, and the D3S utmost point is inhaled
The Z5_ end in contact is just being brushed the negative brush generation of the ⊙ termination S utmost point and is being scolded the suction of the D4N utmost point by the D3S utmost point
Z6 ⊙ end in contact is just brushed _ the negative brush of end in contact, produces the N utmost point and is scolded by the D4N utmost point, and the D5S utmost point is inhaled
The Z8_ end in contact is just being brushed the negative brush of ⊙ end in contact, produces the S utmost point and is scolded by the D5S utmost point, and the D6N utmost point is inhaled
Z9 ⊙ end in contact is just brushed _ the negative brush of end in contact, produces the N utmost point and is scolded by the D6N utmost point, and the D1S utmost point has increased again after inhaling and treating that commutation finishes
The Z1_ end in contact is just being brushed the negative brush of ⊙ end in contact, produces the S utmost point and is scolded by the D1S utmost point, and D2N inhales
The Z4_ end in contact is just being brushed the negative brush of ⊙ end in contact, produces the S utmost point D3S utmost point and scolds, and D4N inhales
The Z7_ end in contact is just being brushed the negative brush of ⊙ end in contact, produces the S utmost point and is scolded by the D5S utmost point, and D6N inhales
All rotor magnetic poles 3 are worked simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing 1 stator and rotor number of poles is respectively 6 and 8, and its course of work is as follows:
Z1, Z5 are in commutation position, and all the other each utmost points are respectively:
The Z2_ termination is just being brushed the negative brush of ⊙ termination, produces the S utmost point, is scolded by the D1S utmost point, and the D2N utmost point is inhaled.
Z3 ⊙ termination is just brushed _ the negative brush of termination, produces the N utmost point D2N utmost point and scolds, and the D3S utmost point is inhaled.
The Z4_ termination is just being brushed the negative brush of ⊙ termination, produces the S utmost point, and the D3S utmost point is scolded, and the D4N utmost point is inhaled.
Z6 ⊙ termination is just brushed _ the negative brush of termination, produces the N utmost point, is scolded by the D4N utmost point, and the D5S utmost point is inhaled.
The Z7_ termination is just being brushed the negative brush of ⊙ termination, produces the S utmost point, is scolded by the D5S utmost point, and the D6N utmost point is inhaled.
78 ⊙ terminations are just brushed _ the negative brush generation of the termination N utmost point, are scolded by the D6N utmost point, and the D1S utmost point is inhaled.
Treat that commutation finishes, and has increased again:
The Z1_ termination is just being brushed the negative brush of ⊙ termination, produces the S utmost point, is scolded by the D1S utmost point, and the D2N utmost point is inhaled.
Z5 ⊙ termination is just brushed _ the negative brush of termination, produces the N utmost point, is scolded by the D4N utmost point, and the D5S utmost point is inhaled.
All magnetic poles are worked simultaneously.From accompanying drawing, be not difficult to find out, the order that progressively contacts positive carbon brush from rotor magnetic pole coil _ end is Z1, Z6, Z3, Z8, Z5 Z2, Z7, Z4, promptly every the magnetic pole of two utmost points, on the coil _ end and the ⊙ of pole coil in parallel end with it is respectively Z5, Z2Z7, Z4, Z1, Z6, Z3, Z8.
Shown in the accompanying drawing 2: the rotor number of poles is respectively 10 and 15.Its course of work is as follows:
The first group rotor magnetic pole, Z1, Z4, Z7, Z10, Z13 temporarily are in commutation position.
The work relationship of all the other two group rotor magnetic poles is as follows:
Z2, Z5, Z8, Z11, Z14_ termination are just being brushed the negative brush of ⊙ termination, produce the S utmost point, are scolded by D1, D3, D5, D7, the D9S utmost point respectively, and D2, D4, D6, D8, the D10 utmost point are inhaled.
The 3rd group: Z3, Z6, Z9, Z12, Z15 ⊙ termination are just brushed, and the negative brush of _ termination produces the N utmost point.Scolded by D2, D4, D6, D8, the D10N utmost point respectively, D3, D5, D7, D9, the D1S utmost point are inhaled.Treat that the commutation of the first group rotor magnetic sheet finishes, and will occur again:
Z1, Z4, Z7, Z10, Z13_ termination are just brushed, and the negative brush of ⊙ termination produces the S utmost point, is scolded by D1, D3, D5, D7, D9, the S utmost point respectively, and D2, D4, D6, D8, the D10N utmost point are inhaled, and all rotor magnetic poles 3 all participate in inhaling scolding work simultaneously, so torque is especially big.
When the automobile-used direct current machine of the present invention, during work what mesolow DC power supply, each group rotor pole coil 4 can adopt parallel circuits as shown in the figure.
When work what height, in, during straightening stream power supply, also each every group rotor pole coil 4 polyphone can be inserted commutator circuits.
When magnetic pole of the stator 8 does not adopt permanent magnet, can adopt the sub-pole coil 9 energization excitation circuit of several given, as long as the magnetic direction effect that produces as shown in the figure all can.
The automobile-used direct current machine of above-mentioned each ratio, optional one group of positive and negative carbon brush, the positive and negative carbon brush of also optional many groups.Every group of positive and negative carbon brush should be installed by symmetrical center line, and the sum of positive and negative carbon brush is installed at most, should be the stator magnet number of poles.
The astonished length of the arc of carbon brush 7 on commutator should be:
When rotor magnetic number ratio was 2: 3, the arc chord length of carbon brush 7 on commutator should be: two copper segments 5 added the arc chord length of a slice commutator insulation sheet 6.
When the stator-rotator magnetic ultimate ratio was 3: 4, the arc chord length of carbon brush 7 on commutator should be the arc chord length that three copper segments 5 add two commutator insulation sheets 6.
The design principle of each ratio rotor magnetic pole wide (shared central angle) is:
One, with in the machine, rotor magnetic pole extremely wide (shared central angle) should equate
Two, with many being as the criterion of number of poles, the garden round angle removes number of poles and deducts the shared central angle of a slice to two commutator insulation sheet 6 again, with do not influence the magnetic pole winding roll off the production line be as the criterion as:
The stator-rotator magnetic number of poles is 6 and 9, and is very accurate with rotor 9.
If the thickness of commutator insulation sheet 6 is 1mm, the commutator diameter is Ф 52, and copper segment 5 is 18, then:
1 commutator insulation sheet 6 shared central angle is about: sin α = 0.5 26 × 2 α=2°16′
Magnetic pole pole-face wide (arc chord length) is about
360°÷9=40° 40°-2°16′=37°44′
If rotor diameter is designed to Ф 87
Then pole-face wide (arc chord length) is about: sin 18 o 52 ′ = x 43.5 × 2 x=28,
Carbon brush 7 width (the arc chord length on commutator)
360 ° ÷ 18=20 ° should account for the thickness that two copper segments 5 add a commutator insulation sheet 6 because of carbon brush 7.
So ° of-20 ° 16 '=37 ° of 44 ' ÷ 2=18 of 20 ° * 2=40 ° 52 ' sin 18 o 52 ′ = x 26 x=16.82
Get 16 carbon brush 7 wide (arc chord length) and get 16mm
Above-mentioned each rotor number of poles ratio efficient, energy-conservation, the overtorque DC motor for vehicles, when needs run up, then stator keeps original structure constant, rotor portion need change material structure, and promptly former silicon steel sheet rotor block 2,3 transforms other magnetizer structures such as low frequency porcelain magnetic, intermediate frequency porcelain magnetic, ceramic material etc. into.Can transform also that its rotating speed of air core coil structure (making skeleton with fiberglass resin, bakelite material) improves into, outside torque slightly reduces, other performances are constant substantially.
When need are made the disc type electric machine structure, then with magnetic pole of the stator by occupying the central angle end face fix.Rotor block is also made end face structure, and it is generated an electromagnetic field, and interacts on its plane, and motor performance is constant substantially.
Efficient, energy-conservation, the overtorque DC motor for vehicles of above-mentioned each rotor number of poles ratio also can make brushless circuit, and its rotor block does not change, and wiring is constant substantially, removes commutator, commutator are partly transformed into the sensitive trigger structure.Carrying out the commutation part can adopt, and high-power field-effect circuits structure also can adopt the turn-off SCR circuit structure.
Trigger, turn-off, trigger with the stator magnet number of poles being as the criterion again, as stator 6 utmost points, then; Forward triggers 3 times, oppositely triggers 3 times, melts to send out preceding shutoff in advance at every turn.Sensitive Apparatus (the transducer that triggers, turn-offs, triggers again, can adopt photosensitive circuit, also can adopt the magnetosensitive Hall circuit) carry out to trigger and send electricity, turn-off, cut off the electricity supply, trigger the group number of the circuit that oppositely send electricity again, according to the rotor structure decision, be divided into 3 groups as rotor magnetic pole, then above-mentioned executive circuit needs 6 covers, rotor magnetic pole is divided into 8 groups, and above-mentioned executive circuit needs 8 covers.
Detailed circuit and structure are looked the proportion structure and the concrete power of motor, and concrete volume decides, and no longer describes in detail.

Claims (5)

  1. One, a kind of efficient, energy-conservation overtorque DC motor for vehicles is characterized in that; Magnetic pole of the stator 8 can be that permanent magnet pole also can be electric excitatory magnetic pole, it pays magnetic coil 9, the mode of place in circuit is can seal in carbon brush 7 circuit also can incorporate DC power supply DC circuit into, make its form unified string or and exciting circuit, magnetic pole of the stator 8 number of magnetic poles be more than 6 or 6 every the even number of an even number, promptly can be 6.10.14.18.22 ...The entad adjacent opposite sex each other of its magnetic field alignment direction.Magnetic pole of the stator 8 is 2: 3 each other or 3: 4 with the number of poles ratio of rotor magnetic pole 3.The concrete number of poles of its rotor magnetic pole 3 determines that according to stator poles the number of poles of rotor magnetic pole 3 is integers.
  2. Two,, it is characterized in that the commutator segment number is the minimum public multiple of the number of poles of the number of poles of this DC motor magnetic pole of the stator 8 and rotor magnetic pole 3, and be an even number forever according to the described DC motor of claim one.Promptly the commutator segment number is 3 times a number of stator magnet number of poles when rotor number of poles ratio is 2: 3, is the several 2 times number of rotor magnetic pole, and is same even number.
  3. Three, according to the described DC motor of claim one, the structure that it is characterized by rotor coil is for all being to be around on the magnetic pole independently the direction unanimity, the winding of number of turn unanimity.When magnetic pole of the stator did not adopt permanent magnet, its magnet exciting coil also adopted the winding of said structure.
  4. Four, it is characterized by according to claim one, two, three described DC motor: when rotor magnetic pole number of poles ratio is 2: 3, with all magnetic poles of rotor, be divided into three groups, it puts in order by clockwise order ordinal number, Z when the rotor magnetic pole number is 9 utmost points 1Z 4Z 7Be one group of Z 2Z 5Z 8Another organizes Z 3Z 6Z 9It is one group, be that those magnetic poles of being separated by two utmost points are classified one group as, and with every group of rotor pole coil 4 _ end with _ end link to each other, the ⊙ end links to each other with the ⊙ end, insert commutator circuit, equally all commutator segments of commutator are divided into 6 groups, what number linked to each other with first commutator segment in order is first group, and what link to each other with second commutator segment is second group ...
    Divided the principle of the commutator segment of group to be minute rotor coil of mistake group 4 accesses: 1, the 1st group rotor pole coil _ termination is gone into first group of commutator segment; 2, the 3rd group rotor pole coil ⊙ termination is gone into second group of commutator segment the ' 3, the 2nd group rotor pole coil _ termination and is gone into the 3rd group of commutator segment; 4, the 1st group rotor pole coil ⊙ termination is gone into the 4th group of commutator segment: 5, the 3rd group rotor pole coil _ termination is gone into the 5th group of commutator segment; 6, the 2nd group rotor pole coil ⊙ termination is gone into the 6th group of commutator segment.
    When rotor magnetic pole number of poles ratio is 3: 4, with all magnetic poles of rotor, be divided into 8 groups, it puts in order by arranged clockwise, and its all commutator segments also are divided into 8 groups.
    Classify which be separated by rotor magnetic pole of 7 utmost points as one group, 7 the steering device sheet of also those being separated by is classified one group as
    The principle that rotor magnetic pole coil 4 is inserted commutator segment 5 is in order:
    1, the 1st group rotor pole coil _ ⊙ of termination the 5th group rotor pole coil end, insert first group of commutator segment circuit.2, the ⊙ termination of the 4th group rotor pole coil _ termination the 8th group rotor pole coil is gone into second group of commutator segment circuit.3, the 7th group rotor pole coil _ termination the 3rd group rotor magnetic pole ⊙ termination is gone into the 3rd group of commutator segment circuit.4, the 2nd group rotor pole coil _ termination the 6th group rotor pole coil ⊙ termination is gone into the 4th group of commutator segment circuit.5, the 5th group rotor pole coil _ termination the 1st group rotor pole coil ⊙ termination is gone into the 5th group of commutator segment circuit; 6, the 8th group rotor magnetic sheet coil _ termination the 4th group rotor pole coil ⊙ termination is gone into the 6th group of commutator segment circuit; 7, the 3rd group rotor pole coil _ termination the 7th group rotor pole line ⊙ termination is gone into the 7th group of commutator segment circuit; 8, the 6th group rotor pole coil _ termination the 2nd group rotor pole coil ⊙ end inserts the 8th group of commutator segment circuit.
  5. Five, according to claim one, two described DC motor, it is characterized by positive and negative carbon brush and can establish one group, or two groups, many groups also can be set.The group number that it can be provided with at most should be the logarithm of magnetic pole of the stator, and the angle of its setting on circumference should be identical with magnetic pole of the stator center of living in angle on circumference.It should determine according to the adjustment of the residing position of commutator at circumferential position.
CN 99101634 1999-02-02 1999-02-02 High efficiency, energy saving and over torque DC motor for vehicles Pending CN1227442A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 99101634 CN1227442A (en) 1999-02-02 1999-02-02 High efficiency, energy saving and over torque DC motor for vehicles

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 99101634 CN1227442A (en) 1999-02-02 1999-02-02 High efficiency, energy saving and over torque DC motor for vehicles

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101789669A (en) * 2009-01-24 2010-07-28 冯鲁民 DC commutator double-salient reluctance motor
WO2010083776A1 (en) * 2009-01-24 2010-07-29 Feng Lumin Dc commutator doubly salient reluctance motor

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101789669A (en) * 2009-01-24 2010-07-28 冯鲁民 DC commutator double-salient reluctance motor
WO2010083776A1 (en) * 2009-01-24 2010-07-29 Feng Lumin Dc commutator doubly salient reluctance motor

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