CN1226710A - Workflow mechanism for stateless environment - Google Patents
Workflow mechanism for stateless environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1226710A CN1226710A CN98125958A CN98125958A CN1226710A CN 1226710 A CN1226710 A CN 1226710A CN 98125958 A CN98125958 A CN 98125958A CN 98125958 A CN98125958 A CN 98125958A CN 1226710 A CN1226710 A CN 1226710A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
- G06Q10/103—Workflow collaboration or project management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
Abstract
A workflow mechanism for a stateless or connectionless environment such as the Internet or an Intranet. The workflow mechanism comprises an inference engine and a justification based truth management system. The inference engine and the justification based truth management system are packaged in the workflow item together with the data and business rules components, and downloaded with the workflow item to a client. The inference engine informs the truth maintenance system about the justifications relevant to workflow items. When the time comes to determine state of a workflow item, the inference engine queries the truth maintenance system which provides the state of the workflow item based on the various antecedents which are currently believed in for the workflow item. Because the truth maintenance system carries the justifications, continuous network connection is not required.
Description
The present invention relates to a workflow resolver, more specifically say, the present invention relates to a no attitude (stateless) or do not have for example workflow mechanism of the Internet or an in-house network of JA(junction ambient).
Business procedure is analyzed with the workflow item usually.These workflow items can be process or file.In the prior art, many Workflow Management Systems are arranged, according to specific business rule and during handling employee's role stream item of arranging work automatically.
Known Workflow Management System comprises the e-procurement service or claims EPS.EPS give government, company and consumer for conventional adoption process provide simplification, the streamline method.EPS uses Client for usually buyer and supplier.Buyer can be in its tissue decentralized configuration EPS client applications, thereby can be directly buying agency's desktop computer be connected the machine buying.
Buying agency or other are licensed the employee of EPS, by select the structure purchase order from electronic directory.EPS manages adoption process forward from this point, is these purchase order electronic selection routes from approval procedure to the supplier who is fit to who carries out duties.The buying agency receives from supplier and upgrades and confirmation, until till during delivery.
E-procurement systems is accepted in big government and company organization especially, because it makes the adoption process robotization and is strengthened, does not need too to employ buying agency and support staff.By labor-intensive task automation, for example apply for and ratify purchase order, e-procurement systems has improved service level, has reduced cost and the mistake of transcribing in the work of copying simultaneously.
Known e-procurement systems is used realization as client-server on a LAN (Local Area Network) that is LAN.The world that famous EPS is an IBM Corporation purchases special affair (the World Purchasing Professional of system
TM) or claim the WPP system.The WPP system comprises a client-server application program, and it can make the purchasing department's electronics in company or the government connect internal department and external agent and supplier.
Structure according to the routine work flow management system 1 of prior art is shown in Fig. 1.This Workflow Management System 1 comprises a workflow server 2 and a plurality of workflow client computer 3, be expressed as respectively 3a, 3b ..., 3n.Workflow server 2 is connected by a Local Area Network 4 or a wide area network (WAN) with client computer 3.Each workflow item 3 comprises two basic elements of character: with the data element of W data representation with the business rule or the semantic element of W semantic expressiveness.Server 2 comprises a workflow engine (workflowengine) 5, and it is workflow item work of treatment flow data (W data) according to this semanteme (W semanteme).In routine work flow management system shown in Figure 1, the effect of workflow server 2 is as a central server, it is included as all business rules (that is W semanteme) of this system 1, and workflow client computer 3 continues to be connected to server 2 by the LAN4 that represents with solid line.Because client computer 3 continues to be connected to server 2, so workflow engine 5 need be safeguarded the description list (context) of each client computer 3.This demand makes 50 fens complexity of workflow engine usually.
In recent years, the Internet occurred as leading communication network, and it provides the huge prospect of ecommerce.The Internet comprises the computer network system of a connection, for example LAN and WAN, and it is a worldwide network, provides data communication on the network of seamless link.Like this, the Internet is not as a computer network that it has been generally acknowledged that, but a no attitude environment, it provides a kind of mechanism that connects existing computer network.
A no attitude or do not have JA(junction ambient) for example in the Internet, the connection between the computing machine is not long-term.These connect just realizes in short-term for the transmission data.In case the data end of transmission, the connection between the computing machine is just interrupted, and these computing machines can free as required deal with data.In a single day work finish, and these computing machines connect once more.Because do not keep continuing to connect during whole business processing, the description list of therefore preserving a processing is very difficult.In general networks environment as shown in Figure 1, the permanent connection between server 3 and the client computer 3 allows server 2 to preserve the description list of business processing.
To a connectionless networks for example a key issue producing of a Workflow Management System in the Internet be automatic Route Selection and the approval of n level that is supported in this connectionless networks.This problem because the description list of business processing can not be preserved in a connectionless networks produces.There is not a single source, that is server, whole semantemes of workflow item can be preserved.Connection between the client-server is constantly to set up again constantly to interrupt, and consequently loses description list information.By definition as can be known, a workflow server must be visited all working stream item, so that manage this workflow.
In a routine work streaming system, in workflow server 2, preserve the rule (Fig. 1) of control business logic, always preserve about the description list information of workflow item by this server.In a no JA(junction ambient), this informational needs is preserved by the workflow item.
Another shortcoming of work on hand flow management system is the restriction for granularity (granularity).In a real system, this means and analyze commercial workflow or according to processing, or according to file.Yet should be appreciated that what the commercial affairs of real world comprised is the combination of processing and file.
Therefore, need for example the Internet or an in-house network have a file management system or Workflow system to no attitude environment.Such system preferably provides a kind of design of compactness, and it can be different application configuration, supports n level granularity (wherein file status is determined by order goods level (linelevel) approval and other commercial criterion).
The present invention do not have to connect for one or does not have the attitude environment for example the Internet or an in-house network provide a workflow mechanism.According to the present invention, this mechanism is included in the equipment of preserving business logic and relevant workflow description list information in the workflow item self.
This mechanism comprises a workflow structure system, and it comprises the data component, semantic parts and the inference engine parts that are used for the workflow item or claim object.According to the present invention, all these three parts all are encapsulated in workflow item or the object.
A feature of this workflow mechanism is that workflow objects is attached on the file, and transmits with this document.This allows file (or processing) by a client management, keeps being connected with any server and need not this client computer.Therefore, this workflow mechanism does not need the workflow server in routine work flow management system.
The present invention also provides an inference engine (inference engine) to solve the workflow in a no JA(junction ambient).This inference engine be included as the workflow item that is kept in the Workflow Management System description list equipment and for realizing as any business rule of the first order constraint of this engine and the equipment of institutional framework.This engine comprises that the fact based on proof (justification) keeps system (Justification-based TruthMaintenance System).Engine of the present invention produces a kind of design of compactness, makes it be fit to be integrated in the workflow item.
A feature of this engine is that introducing as required proves, can introduce proof in the runtime in most of occasions.Proof is as propositional logic expression formula coding, and these expression formulas are as the constraint condition of this inference engine.Therefore, can increase any business rule that influences workflow.Like this, use Workflow system can be used for management processing and file, n level granularity is provided according to mechanism of the present invention.
For example the Internet or an in-house network provide a workflow mechanism for a no attitude environment in the present invention.This workflow mechanism comprises following characteristics: the complete workflow of (a) supporting one or one group file of complicated business rule; (b) support the approval of n level and user's configurability; (c) support to authorize and to appoint and reselect route for file; (d) support to have the multi-user of polygonal look and to the how privilege of multifile; (e) support any business logic.This workflow mechanism also comprises preservation and is controlled to be n level ratifier's the order level and the ability of file-level sanctions status.
A first aspect of the present invention is provided as handles a for example mechanism of the workflow item of the Internet of a no attitude environment, and this mechanism comprises: the data module that is used for the data element related with this workflow item; The semantic module that is used for the rule related with this workflow item; The engine of described rule application in data element; Wherein data module, semantic module and engine are included in this workflow item, and transmit with this workflow item when this workflow item is mobile in this no attitude environment.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method, and it is used for handling a workflow item at a no attitude environment that comprises client-server, and the method comprising the steps of: store in data element to a data module related with this workflow item; Store in rule to a semantic module related with this workflow item; With this workflow item loading data module and semantic module; Load engine in this workflow item together with data module and semantic module; Select to be routed to one or more client computer in this no attitude environment together with loaded data and semantic module and engine for this workflow item; Use engine the data element of the rule application in the semantic module in the data module, be independent of the workflow item on the relative clients machine of server with processing.
With reference now to appended accompanying drawing,, they represent a preferred embodiment of the present invention as an example, wherein:
Fig. 1 represents a routine work flow management system according to prior art;
Fig. 2 represents the block scheme according to a Workflow Management System of the present invention;
Fig. 3 represents to be used for a workflow mechanism of the Workflow Management System of Fig. 2.
The invention provides a workflow mechanism that is used for Workflow Management System.In the following description, the details of this workflow mechanism is narrated in the context of a Workflow Management System.Yet, not component part of the present invention in this Workflow Management System, the mechanism of for example payment of workflow item, tracking, supervision, safety is not a part of the present disclosure.
With reference to figure 2, the Workflow Management System that expression is totally represented with label 100 among the figure.Workflow Management System 100 plan operates in one not to be had and connects or do not have the attitude environment for example in the Internet or the in-house network.Workflow Management System 100 comprises one or more servers 101 and a series of client computer 102 and workflow item or object 103.In Fig. 2, server use respectively 101a, 101b ..., 101m represents, client computer use respectively 102a, 102b ..., 102n represents.Client computer 102 comprises computing machine or the workstation that for example is located at headquarters office or branch office in company uses, the perhaps remote computer of dial-up access.The line that is shown in broken lines among Fig. 2 is represented interim connection, and therefore, in the connectionless networks, the role of client-server is not very clear definition.
Use respectively among Fig. 2 103a, 103b, 103c ..., 103n represents workflow item 103.According to the present invention, workflow item 103 comprises 3 parts: data component W data, semanteme or business rule parts W semanteme, inference engine parts W engine.In Fig. 2, data component represents that with 104 semantic parts are represented with 105, and the inference engine parts are represented with 106.According to this aspect of the invention, when a workflow item 103 was downloaded to a client computer, data component W data (104 among Fig. 2) and regular parts W semanteme (105 among Fig. 2) were downloaded together with workflow engine W engine (106 among Fig. 2).Workflow engine 106 is according to the business rule deal with data 104 (W data) that comprises in semantic parts 105 (W semanteme).For download capabilities is provided, workflow engine 106 adopts the lightweight compact design, has the processing power of processing by the business rules of regular parts W semanteme or 105 definition simultaneously.
Fig. 3 illustrates in greater detail this workflow engine 106 on the one hand according to the present invention.Workflow engine 106 comprises an inference engine 111 and a true maintenance system (TMS) 112.Fact maintenance system 112 comprises a constraint network that uses proof.In comment of the present invention, prove to comprise simple first rank proposition clause.The constraint network assessment that its advantage is made up of the proof that comprises the simple proposition clause is exceedingly fast.The current state that has been found that file (or business processing) can be inferred by the proof of current establishment.As shown in Figure 3, true maintenance system 112 record proofs (line 113), and inference engine 111 extracts inference (line 114) from the proof that writes down among TMS112.
With reference to figure 3, inference engine 111 will be notified to true maintenance system 112 to the constraint of a file with proof that is proposition clause's (line 113) form.A proof comprises 3 parts:
(1) in the inference engine by the conclusion in the fact of reasoning;
(2) be used for the prerequisite of the conduct fact of inference rule;
(3) inference engine is for being explained in more detail the informant that reasoning provides.
In the context of the present invention, each proof is interpreted as comprising simple proposition restrictive clause or Horn (lotus grace) clause of prerequisite An and conclusion Cm.For example, clause A1, A2, A3 ... An=＞Cm refers to, if prerequisite A1, A2, A3 ... An sets up in current context, and then it means that conclusion Cm sets up.Have been found that great majority constraint that in an e-procurement systems (EPS) Control work stream needs or proof can explain within the fact keeps the proposition computing of system 112.Represent with " node " form within prerequisite (An) and conclusion (Cm) constraint network in this fact maintenance system 112.The most general inquiry of submitting to true maintenance system 112 by inference engine 111 is whether a node (that is conclusion Cm) draws from the current state of this document or processing (that is be stored in the W data component 104 prerequisite An) in logic.
Like this, the explanation of true maintenance system 112 is by two groups of data definitions, and they are stored in the W data component 105 of workflow item 103.These two groups of data comprise: (1) one group of prerequisite (that is A1, A2 ... An), (2) one groups of conclusions (that is C1, C2 ... Cm).These two groups of data develop along with the development of various workflow processes.Its result, true maintenance line system 112 inquiries that can correctly answer the content of these two groups of data when proposing inquiry.A basic task of fact maintenance system 112 is the inquiries of answering about for the proof node of one group of given current permission in store what (that is what is set up).The ken that belongs to those skilled in the art that according to the general realization aspect of true maintenance of the present invention system, and further show narration in " construction problem of resolver " at Kenneth D.Forbus and Johan de Kleer, this book is published by Cambridge, Massachusetts city MIT publishing house.
According on the other hand, the automatic Route Selection of workflow item 103 by routing iinformation is encoded as a plurality of proofs-that is many group propositions retrain-provide, these proofs are stored in the W data component 104 of workflow 103.The proposition constraint provides routing iinformation, and engine uses these routing iinformations to select route as workflow item 103, does not need to communicate by letter with workflow server 101 (Fig. 2) in addition.
Because the design of workflow mechanism is for example worked in the Internet a no JA(junction ambient), the variation of institutional framework and business rule can not be by immediate response before this workflow item is downloaded once more.Yet this point can solve by realize a notification scheme when business rule or changes in microstructure.For example, client computer 102 can be visited a server 101b (for example website) and be downloaded this renewal, and perhaps client computer 102 can for example be notified with Email automatically by server 101b.
With an e-procurement systems, for example the operation of workflow mechanism that is workflow engine 106 is narrated by world's buying of IBM Corporation's exploitation (WPP) system that specially is engaged in now.In brief, the WPP system at first keeps record " proof " in the system 112 in the fact.Along with the processing of file, WPP system permission or cancel prerequisite (that is An) in the true maintenance system 112.The current state of the true maintenance of WPP (that is Workflow Management System) system interrogation system 112 this document.Fact maintenance system 112 uses the proof (that is proposition constraint) that writes down in constraint network that the current state of this document is provided.
State for 106, one files of workflow engine is a conclusion of the various prerequisites of current establishment.For example, the prerequisite of a file (An) can be represented and divides with following set:
(1) active user's role;
(2) this user's privilege;
(3) this user's action;
(4) type of just processed file;
(5) original state of this document;
(6) result phase of parts (also level state etc.) at once;
(7) result of business rule 1;
(8) result of business rule 2, etc.. along with the processing of file, WPP selects from each above-mentioned prerequisite group perhaps can a prerequisite.Fact maintenance system 112 uses the proof that has write down to answer which conclusion and sets up now, and inference engine 111 is determined the new state that this document may have.Consider the processing of " procurement request (PR) " file, further narrate this feature.This procurement request file has following several groups of prerequisites:
(1) active user's role (that is the proposition official supports official, the approval official);
(2) this user's privilege (that is, can browse, can ratify, can revise);
(3) this user's action (that is, revise, approval is browsed);
(4) type of this document (that is, PR (procurement request), PO (purchase order), ITT (bid), ITQ (invite quotation));
(5) original state of this document (that is, handle, go through, be rejected, prepare approval, etc.);
(6) result phase of each parts (that is all order items go through, and some is rejected, and some is investigated, and all are rejected, do not take action, etc.);
(7) business rule 1 (that is, PR numerical value＜30000, PR numerical value＞30000).
To this example, following proof (that is proposition clause) is coded in the true maintenance system 112:
(1) set 1 (proposes official's) ﹠amp; Set 2 (can be ratified) ﹠amp; Set 3 (is being ratified) ﹠amp; Set 4 (PR) ﹠amp; Set 5 (is being handled) ﹠amp; Set 6 (inapplicable) ﹠amp; Set 7 (inapplicable)====＞just handle by proposing official.
(2) set 1 (approval official) ﹠amp; Set 2 (can be ratified) ﹠amp; Set 3 (is being ratified) ﹠amp; Set 4 (PR) ﹠amp; Set 5 (is ratified ready) ﹠amp; Set 6 (all order items) ﹠amp that all goes through; Set 7 (numerical value＜30000)====＞PR is that the PO processing is ready.
(3) set 1 (approval official) ﹠amp; Set 2 (can be ratified) ﹠amp; Set 3 (is being ratified) ﹠amp; Set 4 (PR) ﹠amp; Set 5 (is ratified ready) ﹠amp; Set 6 (all order items) ﹠amp that all goes through; Set 7 (numerical value＞30000)====＞PR is that the bid process is ready.During the processing of this document (that is workflow item 103), WPP starts prerequisite (for example " proposing official can ratify ") from each set, fact maintenance system 112 according to which proof sets up and the conclusion of therefore association is set up, and the state of this document is provided to WPP.
Workflow engine 106 according to the present invention utilizes the following fact, and promptly most of proofs can be set up in advance, that is sets up in the business processing analysis phase.True maintenance system 112 stores these proofs (that is prerequisite and conclusion) rightly to a relational database or think that the form of the constant object that this applications just is being used stores.Along with the continuation of work, WPP only starts or forbids proof, and true maintenance system 112 provides the result phase (that is workflow item) of file by decomposing these proofs that are activated.
Workflow engine 106 according to the present invention provides the ability of the new proof of dynamic increase.New proof is recorded in the true maintenance system 112 by WPP.Therefore, can refining Workflow Management process by at any time introducing or cancel proof, do not need further coding.By in the WPP system, providing user interface, make the user in the prerequisite set of a processing of definition, drag, to put various prerequisites, import new proof by the user thus.The specific implementation of this user interface is within those skilled in the art that's understanding scope.
Generally speaking, comprise a true maintenance system 112 according to workflow of the present invention mechanism, wherein rule can be attached to each node of constraint network, if so that a node is set up, then can start those rules of carrying out a commercial task.Should be appreciated that the object code of inference engine 111 and true maintenance system 112 can be very compact.This means that the part that inference engine 111 and true maintenance system 112 can be used as applet downloads, so that follow the tracks of the state of going up the file of downloading to be processed at a remote client 102 (Fig. 2).Along with workflow item moving from a machine to another machine, it is with along with its description list moves.In other words, the workflow item need not be connected to a workflow server and determines its state.Because all proofs are noted down by true maintenance system, therefore should the fact keep system 112 also can provide explanation for the conclusion of workflow item.The state that this means a workflow item can be determined at any time.This feature is particularly useful in the commercial affairs reorganization is used.
The present invention can realize with other particular form, and do not leave its spirit and essential characteristic.Concerning some improvement of the present invention with revise for fairly obvious the those skilled in the art that.Therefore, the embodiment of explanation should think an example now, rather than limitation of the present invention, therefore, the scope of being represented by claims rather than top narration of the present invention is included in wherein from the meaning of the equivalence declaration of these claims and the change within the scope.
Claims (9)
1. at a Workflow Management System that is used for not having the attitude environment, a mechanism that manages workflow item in this system comprises:
(a) data module that is used for the data element related with the workflow item;
(b) semantic module that is used for the rule related with the workflow item;
(c) engine of using described rule to data element;
(d) wherein said data module, described semantic module and described engine are included in the described workflow item, and transmit with described workflow item when described workflow item is mobile in this no attitude environment.
2. workflow mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that described no attitude environment comprises the Internet.
3. workflow mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described engine comprise inference engine and true maintenance system and in described true maintenance system the device of the record proof related with described workflow item, described true maintenance line turnkey is drawn together response and is provided equipment about the reasoning of workflow item state from the inquiry of described inference engine.
4. as workflow mechanism as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that the described equipment of reasoning that provides comprises a constraint network, described constraint network comprises the proposition clause who is used to infer workflow item state.
5. as workflow mechanism as described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that described proposition clause forms from one or more prerequisite and a conclusion, wherein, described conclusion draws when the prerequisite in the current description list in this workflow is set up.
6. workflow mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, further be included in the equipment of the proof of coding Route Selection in the described true maintenance system, described true maintenance line turnkey is drawn together the equipment that inquiry of response provides the routing information related with this workflow item.
7. a processing comprises the method for the workflow item in the no attitude environment of client-server, and described method comprises step:
(a) data element related with this workflow item stored in the data module;
(b) in the rale store to the related semantic module with this workflow item;
(c) load described data module and described semantic module with this workflow item;
(d) together with the engine in described data module and this workflow item of described semantic module loading;
(e) select to be routed to one or more client computer in the described no attitude environment for this workflow item together with described loaded data and semantic module and described engine;
(f) use described engine to use the data element of rule in the described data module in the described semantic module, on the client computer of association, be independent of this workflow item of server process.
8. as method as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that, further comprise the step that loads the routing information related with this workflow item.
9. data storage medium that records a Workflow Management computer program, this Workflow Management computer program combines with a computing machine that is loaded with operating system and run time library routine in no attitude environment, be used for from these data storage medium fetch program data to storer and execution, comprise method according to claim 7 or 8.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2226062 | 1997-12-31 | ||
| CA002226062A CA2226062A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 | 1997-12-31 | Workflow mechanism for a stateless environment |
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|---|---|
| CN1226710A true CN1226710A (en) | 1999-08-25 |
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| JP (1) | JPH11249983A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR19990062598A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1226710A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2226062A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2332961A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG70140A1 (en) |
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| CN101346713B (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2011-10-26 | 微软公司 | Modeling user input and interaction in workflow based applications |
| CN103901834A (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2014-07-02 | 航天信息股份有限公司 | Method for controlling operation of putting grain in and out of warehouse |
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| US6112662A (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 2000-09-05 | Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Stamp unit |
| KR100377189B1 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2003-03-28 | 한국전자통신연구원 | System and method for data exchange between workflow system and applications |
| US7069536B2 (en) | 2001-06-28 | 2006-06-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system, and program for executing a workflow |
| US7043714B2 (en) | 2001-06-28 | 2006-05-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system, and program for using objects in data stores during execution of a workflow |
| US7100147B2 (en) | 2001-06-28 | 2006-08-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system, and program for generating a workflow |
| US7047535B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2006-05-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system, and program for performing workflow related operations using an application programming interface |
| US7698427B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2010-04-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system, and program for transferring data from an application engine |
| US7228547B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2007-06-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system, and program for enabling access to a plurality of services |
| US7296056B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2007-11-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system, and program for selecting one user to assign a work item in a workflow |
| KR100827165B1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2008-05-02 | 주식회사 케이티 | System for managing workflow based on domain in variable internet access services |
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| US5301320A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1994-04-05 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Workflow management and control system |
| CA2093094C (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 2000-07-11 | Addison M. Fischer | Method and apparatus for creating, supporting, and using travelling programs |
| US5826020A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1998-10-20 | Hewlett-Packard Co. | Workflow real time intervention |
| US5754857A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-05-19 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Distributed asynchronous workflow on the net |
| US5799297A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1998-08-25 | Ncr Corporation | Task workflow management system and method including an external program execution feature |
| JPH10260891A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1998-09-29 | Toshiba Corp | Workflow system using www, client local file registering method in the system, and recording medium programmed and recored with the method |
-
1997
- 1997-12-31 CA CA002226062A patent/CA2226062A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1998
- 1998-07-29 GB GB9816405A patent/GB2332961A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-16 JP JP10325283A patent/JPH11249983A/en active Pending
- 1998-11-24 KR KR1019980050509A patent/KR19990062598A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-12-12 SG SG1998005595A patent/SG70140A1/en unknown
- 1998-12-30 CN CN98125958A patent/CN1226710A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101346713B (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2011-10-26 | 微软公司 | Modeling user input and interaction in workflow based applications |
| CN103901834A (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2014-07-02 | 航天信息股份有限公司 | Method for controlling operation of putting grain in and out of warehouse |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2226062A1 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
| SG70140A1 (en) | 2000-01-25 |
| KR19990062598A (en) | 1999-07-26 |
| GB9816405D0 (en) | 1998-09-23 |
| GB2332961A (en) | 1999-07-07 |
| JPH11249983A (en) | 1999-09-17 |
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