CN1226612A - Molten salt electrolytic cells for producing rare-earth metals and alloys - Google Patents
Molten salt electrolytic cells for producing rare-earth metals and alloys Download PDFInfo
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- CN1226612A CN1226612A CN 98104785 CN98104785A CN1226612A CN 1226612 A CN1226612 A CN 1226612A CN 98104785 CN98104785 CN 98104785 CN 98104785 A CN98104785 A CN 98104785A CN 1226612 A CN1226612 A CN 1226612A
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Abstract
A molten-salt electrolyzer for producing rare-earth metals or their alloys is composed of internal liner built up with sloted graphite blocks and external layer including knotting layer of carbon or carbons mixture, refractory and heat insulating layer, metal structure layer and insulating layer. Each cathode and one or several anodes surrounding the cathode forms a cathode-anode combined unit. The electrolytic resultant (metal Nd) comes into receiver along cathode. Said electrolysis is conducted in atmosphere. Its advantages are reasonable arrangement, open structure, low cost, long service life and high safety and reliability.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of fused-salt bath of producing rare earth metal and alloy, belong to the fused salt electrolysis technical field.
At present, produce rare earth metal and alloy, mainly contain two kinds of methods with fused salt electrolysis process.(1) in the molten chloride system, be the oxide electrolysis method of raw material with the rare earth oxide; (2) in the fluoride molten salt system, be the oxide electrolysis method of raw material with the rare earth oxide.The electrolytic bath body structure that electrolysis of fused chloride salt adopts has two classes.(1) be small-sized electrolyzer, the whole graphite material that adopts Graphite Electrodes to be processed into is a cell lining, and the double as anode, and there are cast iron housing and thermal insulation layer in the outside.(2) being large scale electrolytic cell, is inside lining building by stupalith.
The electrolyzer that oxide electrolysis has been adopted mainly contains following several structure.(1) Chinese patent CN85100748A, the whole graphite of being processed into by Graphite Electrodes is cell lining, in graphite liner outside graphite bisque, irony overcoat and thermal insulation layer are arranged, anode is last slotting tubular graphite anode, this cell lining and anode are to be processed into by whole graphite material, so the expansion of electrolyzer capacity is subjected to the restriction of graphite material size.The cell body small scale, constant product quality is poor.(2) the clear 61-253391 of Japanese Patent, cell lining is made with expensive metallic substance such as tungsten, molybdenums, causes electrolyzer cost height, because very easily oxidations of refractory material such as tungstens, this electrolyzer is the closed cell of filling inert gas.(3) the clear 62-146291 of Japanese Patent, this cell lining is made with ferrous material or stainless material, and for producing single rare earth metal, the metal product of production will be polluted.
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of non-hermetic type electrolyzer of fused salt of producing rare earth metal and alloy is provided, adopt oxide compound, the fluorochemical that contains this kind of electrolysis metal on cell body top, and mixture such as lithium fluoride is tied a knot, be exposed to airborne graphite with replacement, overcome the oxidation shortcoming of graphite, increased cell body work-ing life.The cell body bottom adopts graphite to build by laying bricks or stones, and carbonaceous material or carbonaceous compound carry out integral body knotting, has solved the electrolyzer leakage problems, and cell body can be built by laying bricks or stones according to industrial scale, and anode and cathode disposes reasonable in design, and the cell body life-span is long, and is safe and reliable.
The present invention produces the fused-salt bath of rare earth metal and alloy, is made up of graphite liner [1], carbon knot knotting layer [2], refractory insulating layer [3], structured metal layer [4], metal [5], negative electrode [6], anode [7], anti oxidation layer [8], cover plate [9], fused salt [10], receptor [11], thermal insulation layer [12].
Further describe below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of the present invention:
Fig. 1 is cell construction figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an anode and cathode layout diagram of the present invention.
Graphite liner [1] is built by laying bricks or stones with band emboss pit graphite block or common graphite piece, be carbonaceous knotting layer [2] between graphite liner [1] and the refractory insulating layer [3], refractory insulating layer [3] outside is structured metal layer [4], be the anti oxidation layer [8] of knotting on graphite block top, cover on the anti oxidation layer [8] with heat-resisting cast iron cover plate or heat resisting steel cover plate [9], negative electrode [6], anode [7] all adopt upper plug type to place electrolytic cell fused salt [10], receiver [11] is equipped with in negative electrode [6] bottom, receiver [11] is used for receiving metal [5], and is outside with heat-insulation layer [12] at structured metal layer [4]. Negative electrode [6], anode [7] pole span are adjusted arbitrarily in 20～400mm scope, but anode and cathode is inserted fused salt degree of depth continuous setup in 10～1000mm scope, and negative electrode and anode are the geometries such as circle, rectangle, square, ellipse. In the anode and cathode configuration, each negative electrode and one or several anodes around it all can consist of a negative electrode and anode assembled unit. This combination can make two negative electrodes share an anode, reaches the efficient anode enlarged areas electrolytic cell scale that takes full advantage of. Can be the different geometries such as circle, rectangle, square, ellipse by separating the groove structure, flute profile be non-hermetic type structure, and receiver can be circle, rectangle, square, ellipse.
Carbonaceous or mixing knotting layer [2] can be comprised of following composition:
Graphite powder is that 1～95% petroleum coke is 1～95%
Coke is that 1～95% blue alkali is 0～95%
The oil drop is 1～70% for 1～70% coal pitch prill please
Magnesium oxide is that 0～50% aluminum oxide is 0～70%
Calcium oxide is that 0～50%% rare earth oxide is 0～100%
Rare earth fluorine is that 0～100% rare earth oxyfluoride is 0～100%
Alkali and alkaline earth metal oxide compound, fluorochemical are 0～70%
Transition group metallic oxide is 0～70%
Anti oxidation layer [8] is made up of following composition:
Rare earth oxide is that 0～100% rare earth fluorine is 0～100%
Rare earth oxyfluoride is that 0～100% lithium fluoride is 0～55%
Barium fluoride is that 0～70% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is 0～70%
Alkali and alkaline earth metal oxide compound are, fluorochemical 0～70%
Transition group metallic oxide, fluorochemical are 0～70%
The present invention produces the fused-salt bath of rare earth metal and alloy, be applicable to the building by laying bricks or stones of large, medium and small type cell body of different scales, anode and cathode adopts upper plug type to arrange, the degree of depth of anode and cathode immersion fused salt can be transferred continuously, the pole span of anode and cathode is adjustable continuously, guarantees that in electrolytic process along with anodic consumption, pole span remains unchanged, guarantee the stability of electrolyzer long-time running, improved the quality of product.Anode and cathode is changed convenient, and this electrolyzer adaptation prepares rare earth metal and alloy and electrolysis of fused chloride salt with the above any scale fluoride molten salt system oxide electrolysis of 1000 peaces and prepares rare earth metal and alloy.With this electrolyzer no matter the production of carrying out rare earth metal and alloy of above-mentioned which kind of electrolysis process can be 3～20A/cm all in cathode current density, anodic current density is 0.1～2A/cm.Electrolyzer is worked in 750 ℃～1300 ℃ scope, and the cell body long service life is effective, safe and reliable, the quality product height, and rare earth metal of being produced and alloy carbon content are less than 0.05%.
The utility model embodiment:
Electrolyzer adopts the convex-concave graphite block to build by laying bricks or stones, the anode and cathode configuration all adopts upper plug type to place the electrolyzer fused salt, negative electrode is made with tungsten, molybdenum refractory metal material, and anode and cathode and cell body and receptor are all selected rectangle structure, the receptor molybdenum, dispose two tungsten cathodes, after negative electrode and the energising of many group graphite anodes, the electrolysate neodymium metal enters in the receptor along negative electrode, and electrolysis is carried out in atmosphere, work in 750 ℃～1300 ℃ scope the results are shown in Table 1:
| Scale | Atmosphere | Throughput | ?Fe(％) | ?c(％) |
| ????5.5KA | Atmosphere | ????8.0Kg/h | ?0.05 | ～0.035 |
| ????9.5KA | Atmosphere | ????13Kg/h | ?0.05 | ～0.035 |
Its electrolytic process parameter range of choice of this electrolyzer:
REF
340～95％(Mt％)????LiF(5～20％)
BaF
2(0～10％)?????????CaF
2(0～5％)
Cathode current density 3～20A/cm, anodic current density 0.1～2A/cm pole span 20～400mm.
The cathode and anode depth of penetration is 10～1000mm.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of fused-salt bath of producing rare earth metal and alloy, cell lining is processed into graphite material, it is characterized in that: graphite liner [1] is by having the emboss pit graphite block or the common graphite piece is built by laying bricks or stones, carry out ramming with carbonaceous material or carbonaceous compound between graphite liner [1] and the refractory insulating layer [3], form carbonaceous or mix knotting layer [2], in refractory insulating layer [3] outside is structured metal layer [4], after whole knotting is finished, tie a knot with containing the compound of producing this metal on graphite block top, constitute anti oxidation layer [8], cover on the anti oxidation layer [8] with heat resisting iron cover plate or high temperature steel cover plate [9], negative electrode [6] and anode [7] all adopt upper plug type to place electrolyzer fused salt [10], receptor [11] is equipped with in negative electrode [6] bottom, is thermal insulation layer [12] in the structured metal layer outside.
2, the fused-salt bath of production rare earth metal according to claim 1 and alloy is characterized in that: carbonaceous or mixing knotting layer [2] are made up of following composition:
Graphite Powder 99 is that 1～95% refinery coke is 1～95%
Coke is that 1～95% blue carbon is 0～95%
The oil pitch prill is that 1～70% coal pitch prill is 1～70%
Magnesium oxide is that 0～70% aluminum oxide is 0～70%
Calcium oxide is that 0～70% rare earth oxide is 0～100%
Rare earth fluorine is that 0～100% rare earth oxyfluoride is 0～100%
Alkali and alkaline earth metal oxide compound, fluorochemical are 0～70%
Transition group metallic oxide, fluorochemical are 0～70%
3, the fused-salt bath of production rare earth metal according to claim 1 and alloy is characterized in that: anti oxidation layer [8] is made up of following composition:
Rare earth oxide is that 0～100% rare earth fluorine is 0～100%
Rare earth oxyfluoride is that 0～100% lithium fluoride is 0～55%
Barium fluoride is that 0～70% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is 0～70%
Alkali and native alkali family metal oxide, fluorochemical are 0～70%
Transition group metallic oxide, fluorochemical are 0～70%
4, the fused-salt bath of production rare earth metal according to claim 1 and alloy is characterized in that: negative electrode [6] and anode [7] pole span are 20～400mm, and inserting the fused salt degree of depth is 10～1000mm.
5, the fused-salt bath of production rare earth metal according to claim 1 and alloy is characterized in that: the anode and cathode cross section is different geometrical shapies such as circle, rectangle, square, ellipse.
6, produce the fused-salt bath of rare earth metal and alloy according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: in negative electrode [6], anode [7] configuration, each negative electrode and one or several anodes around it all can constitute a cathode and anode assembled unit, this combination can two shared anodes of negative electrode, realize the electrolytic reduction process.
7, the fused-salt bath of production rare earth metal according to claim 1 and alloy is characterized in that: cell construction can be different geometrical shapies such as circle, rectangle, square, ellipse.
8, the fused-salt bath of production rare earth metal according to claim 1 and alloy is characterized in that: receptor [11] is different geometrical shapies such as circle, rectangle, square, ellipse.
9, the fused-salt bath of production rare earth metal according to claim 1 and alloy is characterized in that: electrolyzer is non-hermetic type electrolyzer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN98104785A CN1090247C (en) | 1998-02-20 | 1998-02-20 | Molten salt electrolytic cells for producing rare-earth metals and alloys |
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| CN98104785A CN1090247C (en) | 1998-02-20 | 1998-02-20 | Molten salt electrolytic cells for producing rare-earth metals and alloys |
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| CN1226612A true CN1226612A (en) | 1999-08-25 |
| CN1090247C CN1090247C (en) | 2002-09-04 |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101805914A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-08-18 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Bottom cathode diversion type rare earth electrolysis cell |
| CN103290434A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-09-11 | 包头瑞鑫稀土金属材料股份有限公司 | Fused-salt electrolytic cell for producing rare earth metals and alloys |
| CN103732801A (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2014-04-16 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Method for recovering element and apparatus for recovering element |
| CN104109882A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-22 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Electrolysis tank and electrolysis technology used to prepare rare earth metal and alloy thereof |
| CN104313643A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2015-01-28 | 贵州重力科技环保有限公司 | High-purity antimony producing method by two-section fused salt electrolysis method |
| CN105088284A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-11-25 | 虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 | Electrolytic furnace |
| WO2016082726A1 (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-06-02 | 虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 | Electrolysis furnace |
| CN106086941A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2016-11-09 | 四川省乐山市科百瑞新材料有限公司 | Dumb-bell shape re metal electrolyzing graphite cuvette |
| CN106119900A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2016-11-16 | 四川省乐山市科百瑞新材料有限公司 | A kind of electrolysis produces rare earth metal square-shaped electrode |
| CN108950605A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-07 | 王福刚 | A kind of method of quaternary molten salt system electrolytic preparation rare earth metal or alloy |
| CN109371429A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-22 | 乐山有研稀土新材料有限公司 | A method of improving rare earth metal product quality |
| CN109706483A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Large capacity Rare Earth Electrolysis slot device |
| CN114438550A (en) * | 2022-02-12 | 2022-05-06 | 内蒙古益飞铽冶金科技有限公司 | Rare earth fluoride system electrolysis process for producing metal samarium |
| CN114835497A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-08-02 | 赣州晨光稀土新材料有限公司 | Ceramic material for rare earth molten salt electrolytic cell and preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61253391A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-11-11 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | Method and apparatus for manufacturing praseodymiumi-iron or praseodymium-neodymium-iron alloy |
| JPS62146291A (en) * | 1985-12-18 | 1987-06-30 | Showa Denko Kk | Method for refining rare earth metal |
| US5948066A (en) * | 1997-03-13 | 1999-09-07 | Motorola, Inc. | System and method for delivery of information over narrow-band communications links |
-
1998
- 1998-02-20 CN CN98104785A patent/CN1090247C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101805914A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-08-18 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Bottom cathode diversion type rare earth electrolysis cell |
| CN103732801A (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2014-04-16 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Method for recovering element and apparatus for recovering element |
| US10309022B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2019-06-04 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Element recovery method and element recovery apparatus |
| CN104109882B (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2016-12-28 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | For preparing electrolysis bath and the electrolysis process of rare earth metal and alloy thereof |
| CN104109882A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-22 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Electrolysis tank and electrolysis technology used to prepare rare earth metal and alloy thereof |
| CN103290434A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-09-11 | 包头瑞鑫稀土金属材料股份有限公司 | Fused-salt electrolytic cell for producing rare earth metals and alloys |
| CN104313643A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2015-01-28 | 贵州重力科技环保有限公司 | High-purity antimony producing method by two-section fused salt electrolysis method |
| WO2016082726A1 (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-06-02 | 虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 | Electrolysis furnace |
| CN105088284A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-11-25 | 虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 | Electrolytic furnace |
| CN106119900A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2016-11-16 | 四川省乐山市科百瑞新材料有限公司 | A kind of electrolysis produces rare earth metal square-shaped electrode |
| CN106086941B (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2019-04-12 | 四川省乐山市科百瑞新材料有限公司 | Dumb-bell shape re metal electrolyzing graphite cuvette |
| CN106086941A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2016-11-09 | 四川省乐山市科百瑞新材料有限公司 | Dumb-bell shape re metal electrolyzing graphite cuvette |
| CN108950605A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-07 | 王福刚 | A kind of method of quaternary molten salt system electrolytic preparation rare earth metal or alloy |
| CN109371429A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-22 | 乐山有研稀土新材料有限公司 | A method of improving rare earth metal product quality |
| CN109371429B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-05-19 | 乐山有研稀土新材料有限公司 | Method for improving quality of rare earth metal product |
| CN109706483A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Large capacity Rare Earth Electrolysis slot device |
| CN114438550A (en) * | 2022-02-12 | 2022-05-06 | 内蒙古益飞铽冶金科技有限公司 | Rare earth fluoride system electrolysis process for producing metal samarium |
| CN114835497A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-08-02 | 赣州晨光稀土新材料有限公司 | Ceramic material for rare earth molten salt electrolytic cell and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114835497B (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-11-08 | 赣州晨光稀土新材料有限公司 | Ceramic material for rare earth molten salt electrolytic cell and preparation method and application thereof |
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