CN1225170A - Method and apparatus for measuring reflections from unburned carbon - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for measuring reflections from unburned carbon Download PDFInfo
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- CN1225170A CN1225170A CN 97196187 CN97196187A CN1225170A CN 1225170 A CN1225170 A CN 1225170A CN 97196187 CN97196187 CN 97196187 CN 97196187 A CN97196187 A CN 97196187A CN 1225170 A CN1225170 A CN 1225170A
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- measuring tube
- ash sample
- zone
- reflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
In a method and an apparatus for reflection measurement of the content of unburned carbon in fly ash from a heating plant, whereby is used a residue coal or carbon meter with a transparent measuring tube, preferably of glass, wherein an ash sample taken from the flue duct of the heating plant can be passed through one end of the measuring tube, and be deposited inside the measuring tube and after completion of the reflection measurement can be blown out of the measuring tube or back to the flue duct. The reflection measurement is made by directing wave trains of infrared light emitted from sources towards each of at least two different areas on the surface of the ash sample located in the tube and at a certain distance from the sources, that the part of the wave train, which thereby is reflected, is returned to respective infrared detecting receivers, and that the proportion between the energy of mutually dependent wave trains respectively emitted towards the ash sample surface and reflected therefrom is measured, so that at least one reflection measurement is made on at least two different areas abutting the inner side of the measuring tube on the outer surface of the ash sample, and that the results of the reflection measurements are compared in the form of reflection coefficients. Thereby is achieved a very fast, sturdy, simple and easy operable method and apparatus without using hazardous microwaves.
Description
The present invention relates to be used for to measure the burn incompletely method and apparatus of reflection of carbon of the flying dust of discharging from heating plant, use remaining coal or carbon analyzer thus with transparent measuring tube, the most handy glass of this measuring tube is done, wherein, the ash sample that takes out from the flying dust of heating plant flue is by an end of measuring tube, be deposited on the inside of measuring tube, after finishing reflection measurement, from measuring tube, blow out ash sample or blow and get back in the flue.
Utilize reflection measurement can obtain reflection coefficient, this reflection coefficient provides the correlated expression formula of the carbon content that burns incompletely in the flying dust.
Can utilize reflection on the electromagnetic wave measurement ash sample surface zone for example by being full of measuring tube, above-mentioned zone is on the inside surface of measuring tube, and this electromagnetic wave can provide for example color measuring.The result of reflection measurement can be shown with the device of the simulation output with digital reading or remaining percentage carbon content.
Employing is full of the measuring tube of ash sample can see following inconsistency.
The layering of ash sample possibility, thus " black carbon ribbon " or carbon-free " lime band " formed.If be with and measure for one in above-mentioned band, then measurement result will correspondingly wrongly be presented at and have remaining carbon content extra-high-speed or low excessively in the ash sample.
May produce air bubble in the ash sample, this air bubble does not reflect the wave train in the infrared light for example.Therefore the reflection measurement on air bubble also can wrong demonstrate the remaining carbon content with extra-high-speed.
In ash sample, may there be big black particle.On this particle, carry out reflection measurement and also can demonstrate remaining carbon content with extra-high-speed.
Usually ash sample is quite uniform, but very uneven phenomenon also occurs every now and then.Under inhomogeneous situation, reflection measurement depends on the position in the zone that the execution of ash sample surface is measured and demonstrates different remaining carbon contents.
Measure with known method and only to carry out primary event and measure; it originally is on a kind of band in the lime lip-deep above-mentioned " band ", black particle or the air bubble that electromagnetic wave may be mapped to; thereby carbon content wrong in the ash sample may be provided, the faulty operation state of heating plant is provided thus.
Therefore adopt above-mentioned known method at least two ash samples that take out in succession, to carry out reflection measurement, relatively the measurement result of these two ash samples.Only the talkative measurement of ability is correct when two measurement results are actually identical.If measurement result differs greatly each other, then also need further to measure one or more ash sample.
In the method and apparatus that U.S. Patent No. 5173662 proposes, the microwave wave train that applying frequency preferably is about 2450MHz (wavelength is about 122mm) is measured the carbon content in the flying dust.Wherein to measure the amount of following microwave energy, promptly be mapped to amount on the flying dust sample, pass the amount of flying dust sample and the amount that reflects from the flying dust sample subsequently.Could calculate the energy that flying dust absorbs according to said determination.According to the calculated energy coefficient just can be in the hope of the relative content figure of carbon in the flying dust sample thus.
Can only measure an energy coefficient for a flying dust sample.The method that obtains a plurality of energy coefficienies is to use a plurality of ash samples that take out subsequently with a kind of measurement device, or measure simultaneously with some devices, its ash sample separately of each measurement device.
Therefore known method requires to take multiple measurements with different grey samples, also will repeatedly calculate subsequently, so that obtain useful results.
Therefore the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method and apparatus that is used to measure reflection of weak point consuming time, adopt this kind method and apparatus can eliminate above-mentioned shortcoming, and can obtain most likely correct measurement result apace.
According to the present invention, can utilize said method to reach this purpose, the method is characterized in that: the infrared ray microwave row with light emitted carry out reflection measurement, microwave row are directed on the ash sample surface on each zone in two zoness of different at least, ash sample is arranged in a pipe, and is spaced apart with light source; Make that part of microwave row of reflection get back to corresponding infrared detection receiver; Measure the directive ash sample and from the ratio between complementary two kinds of microwave row energy of ash sample reflection, make that carrying out primary event at least two zoness of different of ash sample outside surface measures, this zone is in abutting connection with the inside surface of measuring tube; Form with reflection coefficient compares the reflection measurement result.Because only the one-shot measurement operation just comprises all measurements of the intensity of the ultrared some emissions and the reflection wave train, so can reach: can obtain at least two reflection coefficients that can directly compare, and according to this kind comparison is accepted or rejected, this ultrared wavelength is 7600 ～1mm, ash sample of this infrared ray directive and from the reflection of this ash sample.Therefore method of the present invention is compared measurement with known method and more simply and is more saved time.If it is identical that measured reflection is actually, then can accept measuring operation.If one or more coefficients are compared greater than predetermined value with the mean value of coefficient, then should remove this coefficient, new according to remaining coefficient calculations then mean value, this is only the result of measuring operation.A coefficient in all the other coefficients is that this measured value should be picked out, and should carry out measuring operation on new ash sample under zero the situation.
In addition, the method in the embodiment of the invention is characterised in that, measures on the zone of ash sample surface, and this surf zone is positioned on the Different Plane perpendicular to the measuring tube axis.
In another embodiment of the present invention, method is characterised in that, measures on six zones of ash sample surface, and this surf zone is mutual angular variation around the axis of measuring tube.
In another embodiment of the present invention, method is characterised in that, measures on six surf zones of ash sample, and these six zones are positioned at two sagittal planes, and three ash sample surface zones are arranged in each plane.
Utilize the foregoing description of the inventive method to reach: can on the several regions of ash sample surface, measure, the zone in a plane not only, and can be in the zone on vertical curve, parallax or the curve of being positioned at of ash sample surface.Calculate mean coefficient according to measured reflection then.And pick out the reflection coefficient that marked difference is arranged with above-mentioned mean coefficient.Calculate new mean coefficient, this coefficient can be thought effective reflection coefficient, is the result of measuring operation.
The feature of the inventive method also is, regularly carries out the transmission measurement of measuring tube, and the ash sample in the measuring tube of should turning during measurement is so that the transmission coefficient that acquisition is carried out setpoint correction or is used to proofread and correct.
Which kind of degree can find out thus that pipe is old has influence on to the sort of degree and/or the oil smoke that stays to the measurement that the measuring tube that is full of ash sample carries out on empty measuring tube inside surface after blowing away ash sample.The transmission coefficient of being measured by empty measuring tube can be used as corrected value, the reflection coefficient that obtains when measuring tube is full of subsequently in order to calibration.If the measuring tube printing opacity is too little, then should removes the oil smoke that adheres in the measuring tube, or when wearing and tearing and damage, should retube.
Utilize in the introduction the described the sort of device of clause can implement this method, the inventive method is characterised in that, device has: radiation source, the wave system row of each zone emission infrared light at least two zoness of different of this radiation source on ash sample surface, this ash sample surface is in abutting connection with the inside surface or the medial surface of measuring tube; Receiver is used to receive the reflection wave train by the respective regions reflection; Measurement mechanism, be used to measure directive ash sample surface zone and from the ratio (reflection coefficient) between the relevant wave train energy of two bundles of this regional reflex; The device that compares reflection coefficient; Calculation element is used to calculate and be presented at the disallowable mean value afterwards of the big reflection coefficient of difference.Can obtain the advantage illustrated thus, and the shortcoming of device is not arranged earlier this method.
It is favourable that the embodiment of device adopts remaining carbon analyzer, this analyzer comprises the parts that are made of the part hollow cylinder, this cylinder is in such position with respect to measuring tube, be that the outer wall of the inwall of cylinder and measuring tube is spaced apart and be parallel to this outer wall, on this cylinder between the outer wall of cylinder and inwall at least two pairs of passages of configuration, above-mentioned passage disposes in pairs, relative each other, make the wave train of infrared light for example to emit the infrared diode from infrared origin, be mapped to the surf zone of ash sample by a passage in the pair of channels, and a part of wave train that penetrates reflects from the surf zone of ash sample, by another passage in the pair of channels, enter the receiver of infrared radiation.
Thereby can reach: can on a plurality of zones of ash sample surface, measure simultaneously.Calculate the mean coefficient of measured reflection then.Pick out the reflection coefficient that marked difference is arranged with above-mentioned mean coefficient.Calculate new mean coefficient then, this mean coefficient can be seen effective reflection coefficient as.
An embodiment of device is favourable, and according to this embodiment, cylinder comprises paired passage, and this passage so disposes, and makes to measure on the zone on the surface of ash sample, and this zone is positioned on the Different Plane perpendicular to the measuring tube axis.
Another embodiment of device is favourable, and according to this embodiment, cylinder comprises paired passage, and this passage so disposes, and makes to measure on the zone of ash sample surface, and this zone is mutual angular displacement around the axis of measuring tube.
Another embodiment of device is favourable; According to this embodiment, cylinder comprises six pairs of passages, and this passage so disposes, and makes to measure on six zones of ash sample surface, and these six zones are positioned at two sagittal planes, and three zones are arranged in each plane.
Therefore can measure 6 reflection coefficients simultaneously, proofread and correct the back at the corrected value of measuring with empty measuring tube and calculate the mean coefficient of measuring reflection coefficient.Reject the reflection coefficient that marked difference is arranged with above-mentioned mean coefficient.Calculate new mean coefficient then, this coefficient can be regarded as effective reflection coefficient.Therefore can obtain reliable reflection coefficient, this coefficient has reflected the carbon content that burns incompletely in the ash sample through gained after the measuring period.
Be described in more detail the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawing, this accompanying drawing illustrates 180 ° of parts of parts in the remaining carbon analyzer, and above-mentioned parts are made of hollow cylinder 13, the transparent measuring tube in the remaining carbon analyzer of this cylinder local envelopment.
The inwall 14 of cylinder 13 is suitable for spaced apart and be parallel to this wall with the outer wall of the transparent measuring tube of remaining carbon analyzer.The wall of cylinder 13 has at least two passages or paired passage 1 and 2,3 and 4, and these passages extend between the inside and outside wall 14 and 15 of cylinder, and the embodiment hint that illustrates has six pairs of passages 1 and 2,3 and 4 etc.
Therein in the pair of channels, the radial axis of first passage 1 is facing to a zone on the measuring tube medial surface, the axis of another passage 2 is configured in the same axial plane at first passage 1 place, but be lower than above-mentioned passage 1, the angle about 25 ° with its formation, this axis is facing to the same area on the measuring tube medial surface or be positioned at this a bit of distance in back, side.
Subsequently pair of channels 3,4 of configuration on another axial plane, wherein passage 3 is positioned on the plane that is lower than first passage, and this another axial plane is around 25 ° of axis 16 angular displacements of cylinder 13.The radial axis of above-mentioned passage 3 is facing to another zone on the measuring tube medial surface or be positioned at this a bit of distance in medial surface back.Another passage 4 in this a pair of passage is configured in and belongs in this same axial plane to passage 3 places of passage, be positioned at above-mentioned passage 3 above, and with respect to passage 3 shapes at an angle, face toward another zone on the measuring tube medial surface or be positioned at this a bit of distance in back, side.
Other 4 pairs of passages also are configured on the cylindrical wall in the same manner, these passages are around the axis 16 of cylinder 13 25 ° of angles of angular variation each other, make stack up to measure and on three zones on another sagittal plane, to measure on three ash sample surface zones in a sagittal plane, this another sagittal plane and first sagittal plane standoff distance 6.
In the time will carrying out reflection measurement, make the infrared ray wave train of the emission of infrared diode for example be passed in the passage 1,3 of passage centering radial arrangement to the ash sample in the measuring tube ..., be mapped to the surface of ash sample, so that shine the zone on the ash sample surface.Be reflected from each these zones from that part of infrared light of these regional reflexs, pass other passage 2,4 in the paired passage ... Deng, arrive infrared remote receiver, vice versa.
On each zone of six measured zone of ash sample, measure reflection coefficient, and proofreading and correct the mean coefficient that above-mentioned reflection coefficient is calculated in the back, this correction is to utilize at least one corrected value to proofread and correct, and this corrected value is measured on empty measuring tube as mentioned above.In order to carry out reflection measurement more accurately, use two scaled values, one is clarinet (null position) scaled values, another is the scaled values of the measuring tube (full scale chi) that is full of barium sulphate.Reject and remarkable one different, the two or more above-mentioned reflection coefficients of above-mentioned mean coefficient, because problematic reflection coefficient usually exceeds predetermined value range.Calculate new mean coefficient according to remaining reflection coefficient then, this coefficient can be thought effective mean coefficient.Can replace each passage to launching and reflect the transmission of the wave train with a single passage, for example transmit with two light transmitting fibers or the fibrous bundle that are configured in the passage.Under the situation of fibre-optic bundle, best configuration center fibre-optic bundle in each passage, above-mentioned fibrous bundle is completely or partially surrounded by the fibre-optic bundle around the configuration of center fiber bundle.The electromagnetism wave train of emission is by a fibre-optic bundle, and the wave train of reflection is by another fibrous bundle.
Value as effective reflection coefficient is an intermediate result, and this result can be used to calculate the concentration expressed in percentage by weight of carbon of burning incompletely in the flying dust, and this concentration is the result that will provide.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is used for measuring heating equipment and discharges the burn incompletely method of reflection of carbon of flying dust, use the analyzer of remaining coal or carbon thus, this analyzer has the transparent measuring tube that the most handy glass is done, wherein, the grey sample that takes out from the heating equipment flue passes an end of measuring tube and is deposited on the inside of measuring tube, from measuring tube, blow out this ash sample later on again or turn back in the flue finishing reflection measurement, it is characterized in that, the method of carrying out reflection measurement is, the infrared light wave train of light emitted is mapped on each zone in two zones on the ash sample surface at least, and this ash sample is positioned at pipe and spaced apart with light source; Fan She the wave train partly turns back to infrared detection receiver separately thus; The ratio of measurement between the relevant wave train energy of the two bundles ash sample surface emission and that reflect from this surface measured thereby carry out primary event at least in two zones in abutting connection with the measuring tube medial surface of ash sample outside surface at least; The result who compares reflection measurement, the reflection coefficient that promptly relatively obtains.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, measures on the zone of ash sample surface, and this zone is positioned at the Different Plane perpendicular to measuring tube axis (16).
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, measures on the zone of ash sample surface, and this zone is around around the axis (16) of measuring tube being mutual angular variation.
4. as the described method of above-mentioned each claim, it is characterized in that measure in six zones of ash sample surface, these six zones are positioned at two sagittal planes, and three ash sample surface zones are arranged in each plane.
5. as the described method of above-mentioned every claim, it is characterized in that regularly the pipe with the turned letter ash sample carries out transmission measurement, to obtain transmission coefficient, this transmission coefficient constitutes corrected value, carries out the value that reflection measurement obtains so that proofread and correct subsequently with the pipe that is full of ash sample.
6. one kind is used for measuring heating equipment and discharges the burn incompletely device of reflection of coal or carbon of flying dust, this device has remaining coal or carbon analyzer, this analyzer has the transparent measuring tube that the most handy glass is done, wherein, the ash sample that takes out from the heating equipment flue is by an end of measuring tube, be deposited in the measuring tube, from measuring tube, blow out this ash sample after the reflection measurement or blow and get back in the flue finishing, it is characterized in that, this device has: radiating light source, its each zone emission infrared ray wave train at least two zoness of different of ash sample surface, this ash sample surface is in abutting connection with the inside surface or the medial surface of measuring tube; Receiver is used to receive the wave train of regional reflex separately; Measurement mechanism, be used to measure be mapped to the ash sample surface zone and from the ratio (reflection coefficient) between the relevant wave train energy of two bundles of this regional reflex; The device that compares reflection coefficient; Calculation element is used to calculate and shows and rejects the very big reflection coefficient of difference reflection coefficient mean value afterwards.
7. device as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, remaining carbon analyzer comprises parts, these parts are made of a part of hollow cylinder (13), this part cylinder is positioned at such position with respect to measuring tube, and promptly the outer wall of the inwall of cylinder and measuring tube is spaced apart and be parallel to this outer wall; Configuration at least two pairs of passages (1 and 2,3 and 4) between the outer wall (15) of cylinder and inwall (14); This channel arrangement is paired, and form such mutual relationship, promptly the infrared light wave train of launching from infrared diode passes through the passage (2 and 4) the paired passage, and be mapped on the zone of ash sample surface, and the part of the emission wave train reflects from this zone, turns back to infrared remote receiver by another passage in the pair of channels (1 and 3).
8. device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, cylinder (13) comprises paired passage, and this passage is configured to and can measures on the zone of ash sample surface, and this zone is positioned at the Different Plane perpendicular to the measuring tube axis.
9. as claim 7 or 8 described devices, it is characterized in that cylinder (13) comprises paired passage, this passage is configured to and can measures on the zone of ash sample surface, and this zone is positioned at the position that angular displacement is arranged mutually around the axis of measuring tube.
10. as claim 7,8 or 9 described devices, it is characterized in that cylinder (13) comprises six pairs of passages, these six pairs of passages so dispose, make and on six zones of ash sample surface, to measure that these six zones are positioned at two sagittal planes, and three zones are arranged on each plane.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK74796A DK173406B1 (en) | 1996-07-05 | 1996-07-05 | Method and apparatus for measuring unburnt carbon in fly ash |
| DK747/96 | 1996-07-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1225170A true CN1225170A (en) | 1999-08-04 |
| CN1093937C CN1093937C (en) | 2002-11-06 |
Family
ID=8097076
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97196187A Expired - Fee Related CN1093937C (en) | 1996-07-05 | 1997-07-07 | Method and apparatus for measuring reflections from unburned carbon |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1009997A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1093937C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3255597A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK173406B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2180744C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998002729A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4375709A (en) * | 1980-12-19 | 1983-03-08 | Lewis James R | Concrete working tool |
| PL192035B1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2006-08-31 | Zaklad Aparatury Pomiarowej Kw | Method of optically measuring the quantity of dust constituent being distinguishable by its colour and optical analyser for determining quantity of said dust constituent in gaseous dust dispersion |
| CA2751396A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 | 2010-08-12 | D.I.R. Technologies (Detection Ir) Ltd. | Method and system for determining the quality of pharmaceutical products |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5069551A (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1991-12-03 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Method and apparatus of measuring unburned carbon in fly ash |
| US5173662A (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1992-12-22 | Trerice Douglas N | Method and associated apparatus for determining carbon content in fly ash |
| US5596146A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 1997-01-21 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Photoacoustic measurement of unburned carbon in fly-ash |
| US5540079A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1996-07-30 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Microwave excited photoacoustic effect carbon monitor |
-
1996
- 1996-07-05 DK DK74796A patent/DK173406B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-07-07 EP EP97928142A patent/EP1009997A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-07 WO PCT/DK1997/000300 patent/WO1998002729A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-07 CN CN97196187A patent/CN1093937C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-07 RU RU99101936/28A patent/RU2180744C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-07 AU AU32555/97A patent/AU3255597A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3255597A (en) | 1998-02-09 |
| WO1998002729A1 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
| EP1009997A1 (en) | 2000-06-21 |
| CN1093937C (en) | 2002-11-06 |
| DK74796A (en) | 1998-01-06 |
| DK173406B1 (en) | 2000-09-25 |
| RU2180744C2 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
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