CN1223605A - Drinking water filtration system - Google Patents
Drinking water filtration system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1223605A CN1223605A CN 97196026 CN97196026A CN1223605A CN 1223605 A CN1223605 A CN 1223605A CN 97196026 CN97196026 CN 97196026 CN 97196026 A CN97196026 A CN 97196026A CN 1223605 A CN1223605 A CN 1223605A
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Abstract
The present invention comprises a process and apparatus for producing purified drinking water from surface or ground fresh water sources by using a positively-charged filtration media to attract the typically negatively-charged suspended solids present in the water source, instead of using chemical pre-treatment or coagulants. The process, which can be portable, includes a filtration system with a filtration/recirculation/backwash component and a disinfection step. The process further includes a system controller which receives electrical signals from float controls to control the filtration, recirculation, and backwash steps. This process produces drinking water which meets or exceeds the guidelines set by the World Health Organization for turbidity and microbiological content.
Description
The field of the invention
The present invention relates to the purification system of a tap water, particularly relate in developing country, frontier area and in case of emergency in order to the common drinking water purification system of novelty that underground water or ground fresh water are handled.
Background of the present invention
The supply of the tap water of a safety is global basic need.Yet there are the people more than 1,000,000,000 to lack the supply of suitable safe drinking water.In developing country and in the rural area or the side area, eager needs are a kind of supplies that do not have the tap water that pollutes, and this pollution can cause such as the acute and strong fatal diseases that is caused by bacterium, parasite or virus.The World Bank estimated the annual children that have below 2,000,000 5 years old in 1992, die from dysentery owing to can not get cleaning water, so these geographic targets provide and accord with the tap water to " opacity " and " microorganism and biological content " index that the WHO of the World Health Organization is proposed.
Opacity relates to the muddy degree and the dirt of water, and it is being defined as by in the 18th edition of relevant " water and waste water inspection standard method " book of American Public Health Association (APHA) of editor such as Greenberg (1992): " a kind of phraseology of the optical characteristics that makes light be spread and absorb by water sample the time rather than transmit with linear fashion ".Opacity with NTU (nephelometer opacity unit) expression utilizes a kind of nephelometer to measure, and it is the instrument that a kind of handle degree that light spreads in water under prescribed condition is compared with the diffusion of light under identical conditions in the reference suspension of a standard.The intensity that light is spread is high more, and the opacity of water is just high more.Microorganism/biological content relates to morbific organic level in the water, and it generally has or not indicator or the organic existence of alternate to measure by searching, and then might there be morbific organism in expression if present.The sieve shape group of bacterium is the main indication as water quality, because sieve shape group compares much bigger with other organisms in water.Other disease-causing organisms of being found in water also comprise enterovirus and such as Giardia Iamblia, the big organism of the inner amoeba of histolysis and Cryptos-poridium parvum etc.In most of above-mentioned areas, to elimination that may deleterious chemical pollution at present as yet not as an emphasis, because life expectancy is general than finding that the chronic disease as the cancer also lacks required mean time.
After natural disaster and during the armed struggle, the tap water of safety also is global eager needs.In mining or road construction work, or such as the distant place mechanism of FAMB and clinic etc., the suitable supply of safty of drinking water also may be a difficulty.In addition, in the National parks of the U.S. and forest or other also need the S.P. of tap water for the place of the oral affair of passer.But the standard that must meet the safe drinking water regulations at U.S.'s tap water.
Tap water with low opacity and microorganism/biological content can produce from underground water or ground water supply with diverse ways.Typical water treatment system is the quick filtration by the sand medium.This method can be produced 300～350 meters every square metre of every day
3Water.But owing to be filtered the depths that the particle of device removal penetrates into filter bed, so filter bed need be made routine cleaning to prevent filling.Most of in addition suspended solidss (foul and microorganism) are owing to the particle surface at them has excessive negative ion, so all be electronegative.Therefore this quick filtration method need be used former water condensing agent such as alum (aqueous Tai-Ace S 150) or organic polymer to carry out Chemical Pretreatment and give electronegative solid positive charge.Like this, between suspended solids and electronegative filtration medium, just produce an electrostatic attraction, make filtration medium can filter suspended solids effectively.Other representative preprocessing process are included in and apply chemical agent flocculation and deposition afterwards.Flocculation is to be used for making suspended solids and condensing agent to mix becoming a throw out or enough big floss so that sink.Deposition can make floss sink to the filter vat bottom, and the upper strata is removed at the top than contained remaining electronegative suspended solids in the liquid of cleaning simultaneously, so that the approach of continuation by filtration medium is provided.Though this processing plant can produce the water that meets quality with this method, set up and move so required fund of system and make it be actually infeasible in many areas in the world.
Authorize in the U.S. Pat 5,211,852 of Van de Walle etc. and disclose a kind of method that makes water remove the metal ion in anhydrating by the magnesian filtration of light oxidation of one deck or re-oxidation.This method is not at removing particulate matter or produce movably tap water, is discharged into deleterious metal ion in the draining but be to reduce by industry.
The U.S. Pat 4,385,998 of authorizing Schiller etc. discloses utilizes magnesium oxide (MgO) to filter the method for the suspended solids in the trade effluent, but does not deliver the method or the device of corporations' drinking water purification system.
Therefore needed is a kind of technical simple, cost low and reliably method come to produce drinkable tap water from the underground water and the surface water, to the whole world in case of emergency with at developing country and rural area or supply of backwoodsman any time tap water.
The invention provides a kind of technical simple, corporations cost savings and reliable drinking water purification system, be used for supplying and satisfy the tap water of World Health Organization, but also be designed to satisfy the standard that indivedual countries formulate drinking water quality opacity and microorganism/biological content's index.This system is of portable form, so that near the place that can access immediately the people that need drinkable or safe drinking water in this area the surface water and underground water is moved.
The present invention is a kind of multicomponent water treatment system of compactness, is not only movably and is that the system that very easily is provided with, moves and safeguard removes particle and bacterium by one.Therefore it is highly suitable for the occasion that operator and maintenance mans do not pass through strict training, for example in developing country and rural area or side area, or when being used for Anywhere emergency situation taking place in the whole world.Utilize positively charged medium and method of the present invention just can eliminate the needs that carry out chemical treatment and flocculation and deposition process with condensing agent fully.These pre-treatment step of suspended solids that are used for the absorption band negative charge in traditional drinking water treatment system not only increase the cost of legacy system, but also increased complicacy, because it need could guarantee that pre-treatment step correctly carries out through the operator that highly train.In addition, the recirculation of the present invention by the filtering water opacity that can further reduce in the tap water of storage need not extra strainer or other equipment.These advantages combine with required minimum power and simple adverse current operation, and the benefit of the treatment system that outclass traditional can be provided.Particularly the present invention provides a kind of reliable method to have the place of underground water or ground fresh water to produce drinkable water near any with minimum fund, labour and resource first.
Be in operation; the underground water or ground fresh water mat one suction pump that contain suspended solids and larger object are drawn into a suction hose, pipe be immersed in that end in the water source is supported by a buoyancy aid and by a net grid protection to prevent larger object and to enter in the tail pipe such as fragments such as fork branch and leaves.The former water that still contains suspended solids through the net grid is inhaled into a Filter column then, wherein contains suitably positively charged filtration medium, for example MgO.Water is through filtering the back with suitable sterilizing agent, preferably a kind of have residual effect such as chlorine, iodine or blending oxidizing agent, sterilized, and entered at a draft the water storage tank for drinking.After the tap water that has produced sufficient amount, can carry out recirculation with further reduction opacity through filtration medium once more.Periodically water and air carry out back washing and can be used to the cleaning and filtering medium.
In one embodiment, system's utilization sends signal to the controller of system such as electronic sensing devices such as the transmitters that floats, comes former water is controlled from the supply at water source, the flow process of flow through filtration medium and input tap water storage tank.When the tap water that stores reached a predetermined storage tank high-water, central controller just sent control signal to corresponding valve and opens or close, and makes the tap water recirculation of storage pass through strainer in addition.When the water level on filtration medium top reached most significant digit face predetermined in the Filter column, relevant valve was opened once more or is closed, make tap water and pressurized air in Filter column on flow, carry out the back washing of medium.Except central controller, also use a timer, be set in hold high beyond the duration of load application during carry out once extra back washing operation.
These and other characteristics of the present invention, viewpoint and advantage can be consulted the following description, dependent claims and accompanying drawing and further be understood.
Figure 1A is the skeleton diagram that is used for handling the Controlling System of a tap water purification system according to one embodiment of present invention.
Figure 1B is the rough schematic view of the Controlling System this system handled in filtration procedure according to the drinking water purification system of one embodiment of the present of invention and being used for of linking with it.
Fig. 1 C is according to drinking water purification system of one embodiment of the present of invention and the rough schematic view in order to Controlling System that this system is handled in process recycling that links with it.
Fig. 1 D is according to drinking water purification system of one embodiment of the present of invention and the rough schematic view in order to Controlling System that this system is handled in the back washing process that links with it.
Fig. 2 is the simplification top view of Controlling System during filtering of this system being handled according to drinking water purification system of one embodiment of the present of invention and being used for of linking with it.
Fig. 3 be according to the drinking water purification system of one embodiment of the present of invention and with it link in order to Controlling System that this system the is handled end view after the part excision.
Fig. 4 is that the drinking water purification system according to one embodiment of the present of invention is applied to a side-view in the trailer-type movable dwellings.
Fig. 5 is the schema of an embodiment of drinking water purification system process of the present invention.
Fig. 6-the 8th is illustrated in the distribution plan of the size of particles of filtration medium among the silica sand described in the example, Mag Chem 10 and the Mag Chem P-98.
Fig. 9 represents that for the quick deep-bed filter described in the example how the size of medium is should be in conjunction with the graphic representation for preparing a filtration medium.
Figure 10-11 be illustrated in described in the example with silica sand during as filtration medium, the opacity that with NTU is unit is to hour being the graphic representation of the time of unit.
Figure 12 is that head loss when the plane more than the silica sand filtration medium described in the example increases is to hour being the graphic representation of the time of unit.
Figure 13-14 be illustrated in described in the example with Mag Chem P-98 during as filtration medium, the opacity that with NTU is unit is to hour being the graphic representation of the time of unit.
Head loss when Figure 15 is illustrated in the plane more than Mag Chem P-98 filtration medium described in the example and increases is to hour being the graphic representation of the time of unit.
In the following detailed description,, and the specific embodiment that the present invention can put into practice has been described also therein with reference to the accompanying drawing of a part as an illustration.These embodiment have been done enough detailed explanation so that make more skilled technically personnel can implement the present invention.Certainly also can adopt other embodiment, and, all can be changed its structure, step and system as long as under the prerequisite that does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore following detailed description does not have a limiting sense, and scope of the present invention is limited to the appended claims.
Code name in the accompanying drawing generally is that with reference to the accompanying drawings sequence number is represented with hundred figure places and thousands digit, but an exception is arranged, and then uses same code name when promptly identity element appears among several the figure.
It is the method and apparatus of corporations' employed tap water in S.P. that one embodiment of the present of invention provide a kind of production.This tap water not only meets the index of the WHO of the World Health Organization to opacity and microorganism/biological content, and can also abide by other application standards for drinking water quality.But as a kind of typical case, the standard of the drinking water quality in developing country is to be consistent with the index of the World Health Organization.A S.P. system is meant a kind of system, and wherein drink on the spot in the user place that can be used to a treatment system, and the water of perhaps preferably filling a container is taken other places and gone to drink.
As previously mentioned, opacity is the measurement to the light that suspended particles reflected of light from water.According to nearest " WHO aesthetic quality index ", for sterilising effect, the opacity of tap water should be lower than 5NTU, but is preferably less than 1NTU.According to " WHO microorganism and biological quality index ", the content of the microorganism/biology of bottled tap water and emergent supplied water should be 0 for the sieve shape organism in per 100 milliliters again, to guarantee no morbific organism in the water.For these and other indexs or the standard of the each department that comprise Canada, the U.S. and the European Economic Community, can from the 4th edition of " water quality and processing-corporations' water supply handbook " book by name of publishing by McGrqw-Hill company of writing in nineteen ninety by association of U.S. water factory, check in.
As previously mentioned, most of suspended particles are electronegative, because have excessive negative ion on the surface of particle itself.Thereby traditional drinking water treatment system needed to give suspended particles positive charge with the chemical coagulation agent before the filtration medium that employing has a negative charge filters.The present invention does not need to adopt the chemical coagulation agent to come the particle that positive charge is suspended, but utilize a filtration medium that has positive charge to create one, thereby the essential processes such as Chemical Pretreatment, flocculation and deposition that adopt before filtration have been eliminated to electronegative suspended particles or solid electrostatic force or magnetism.In addition, the present invention also comprises a process recycling, and it makes the tap water of having sterilized repeat to filter, thereby the opacity of the tap water in the storage tank is further reduced, and this is more favourable system closing after filling than water in storage tank.In addition, by the automatization of filtration/recirculation of the present invention/back washing element, the operation of system is very easy, and only needs maintenance service seldom.
The skeleton diagram of in Figure 1A, having represented the embodiment of corporations' drinking water purification system (water treatment system) 110 that comprises power supply 130, central controller 112 and system element 111.In one embodiment, central controller 112 comprises a computer processor, constant memory, input unit and monitor.Central controller is connected with various transmitters, to some variable or physical phenomenon monitor, handle, and when the liquid level of change above or when being lower than the numerical value of being scheduled to, send control signal to control device and take necessary operation.These preset values are relevant with its dependent variable, can be as required input unit by controller change.Constant memory can comprise that dish drives or read-only storing apparatus (ROM) is used for storing the program of carrying out above-mentioned control, and this is well known in current techniques.In another kind of embodiment, central controller can comprise one with the control panel state machine of coupling mutually, can be provided with on control panel that button is used for revising numerical value and drinking water purification system controlled and make it enter required state, for example back washing or recirculation state.
When starting, after power supply 130 closed, central controller 112 and pump (P) 132 was switched on, and power supply 130 can adopt any suitable energy, and for example a small generator has the solar energy system or the normal electric power pool of Solar Screen and store battery.Water treatment system 110 can be moved with alternating-current (AC) or direct current (DC), and can adopt any suitable voltage, for example 12 volts or 120 volts, decides on power supply.
Shown in Figure 1A, reception comprises from the device of the input signal of central controller 112: 144, one second operating valves (SV2) 146 of flowing through from the elutriation to be filtered of water source or tap water storage tank 122 of first operating valve (SV1) from the current warp to be filtered at water source.Other receive the sanitation valve (DV) 170 that 164 and suitable sterilizing agents of the 3rd operating valve (SV3) that the valve from the input of central controller 112 also has filtered water to flow through are flowed through.The input that also receives from central controller 112 of a recycling valve (RV) 172 of flowing through in addition from the water to be refiltered of tap water storage tank 122.Other devices that receive from central controller 112 comprise 179 and back washing pressure locks of 178, one back washing water valves of an air compressor (AC) (BWV) (BAV) 180, and they all use in the back washing process.The communication of all input and output is to realize by a suitable data bus interface 109.
Be used for measuring those and in tap water storage tank 122, characterize high-water and low-water level, and the various parameters of the predetermined high-pass filter plane in Filter column 126 can be taked different modes or form with the various signals that send therefrom, for example the controlling elements of system can be used the equipment of electric simulation, digital and electronic, pneumatic, hydraulic pressure, machinery or other similar type, or one of them or several combinations are carried out.Though adopted pneumatic control components to combine with electric simulation signal processing and transfer equipment in one embodiment of the invention, method and apparatus of the present invention can be carried out with the various specific installations that can obtain the more skilled method that personnel grasped of process control technology with those.
Equally, can be revised basically the form of unlike signal and to be adapted to special device, the physical property of safety factor, measurement or control instruments and other similar factors be to the requirement of signal form, and for example the flow measurement signal that is produced by a differential pressure spray orifice under meter is general and square proportional relation of actual flow velocity.
Perhaps, other metrical instruments can produce the signal that is directly proportional with measured parameter, but still have other sensing measures to produce and measured parameter between have a known more complicated relation.In addition, all signals can be converted into " inhibition zero-bit " or other similar type, so that provide one " zero-bit of floating ", and prevent because measurement that is interpreted as " low " or " height " mistakenly or equipment that control signal causes are slipped up.No matter signal form how, perhaps between signal and the parameter or and represent what the correct relation between the required process data is, signal will show certain relation for measured parameter or desired data, and it indicates a concrete measuring parameter or required numerical value with a concrete signal value.No matter therefore the correct mathematical relation between signal unit and the tested or required process data unit how, represent the signal of process measurement or required process data just can obtain relevant information tested or required numerical value immediately from one.
In addition, the back washing element of water treatment system 110 (shown in Fig. 1 D) can further be controlled by timer or timing system, and it can be set in that certain hour comes the various valves of opening and closing and irrelevant with the plane in the Filter column 126.Timer can be set in appropriate time and begin the back washing process, and back washing is carried out routinely, and system returns and filters or process recycling then.For example conventional back washing can be set at per 24 hours once, fix on peak load later during, for example carry out during 2:00 the morning, to reduce the interference that tap water is used.In another embodiment, back washing can be finished by any back washing step in the known cleaning and filtering media technology.
The sketch chart of having represented one embodiment of the invention in Figure 1B, 1C and 1D, wherein water treatment system 110 has the position that a central controller 112 is controlled each valve, and the current approach in the system element 111 is changed.Communicating by letter between central controller 112 and the system element 111 can adopt any appropriate interface to realize, for example a suitable EBI 109.Flowpaths comprises: from the direct filtration of former water 114, shown in Figure 1B; From the recirculation of the tap water 128 of tap water storage tank 122 or refilter, shown in Fig. 1 C; With come the filtration medium in the Filter column 126 156 is carried out back washing with tap water 128 and pressurized air, shown in Fig. 1 D.
Shown in Figure 1B, be former water 114 directly is extracted into the Filter column 126 that contains positively charged filtration medium 156 from the water source top to be finished by pump 132 with direct filtration producing drinking water in next life 128.Filtered water 158 flows out from the bottom of Filter column 126 and enters through pipeline 162 pipeline 165 and enters storage tank 122 again after sterilizing with suitable sterilizing agent.
Particularly shown in Figure 1B, opacity is about 100～200NTU or higher former water 114 is from suitable water source, for example extracts out in lake, river or well.Water treatment system 110 can be arranged on technically apart from water source number mile part, but for convenience and for the purpose of the economy, preferably is located at dried up source and is no more than 30 meters parts.
The representative former water 114 that contains fragment 134 and suspended solids 136 is through net grid 138 and in the suction line 141.Any suitable materials such as the net grid are 138 moldable, stainless steel are made in order to prevent that fragment 134 from entering in the pipeline 141.Fragment may comprise such as objects such as withe, leaves.Net grid 138 are easy to clean, and preferably are designed to stop by fragment and stop up in order to avoid hinder the suction of water.Net grid 138 can be periodically or are checked and remove fragment 134 routinely, to prevent to be stopped up by fragment 134 flowing of former water seriously are obstructed or blocking-up fully.
There is a under meter to be located at appropriate location in the pipeline 141 in another embodiment, is used for detecting whether current are arranged through water pump 132.If it is following or approach at 0 o'clock that flow velocity is reduced to predetermined lowest speed,, for example make system element 111 carry out process recycling or 130 close automatically by cutting off the electricity supply just central controller 112 can send appropriate signals.
Near the end of pipeline 141, can set up any amount of former water float 140 end of pipeline 141 is remained on below the water surface just, preferably 0.25～1 meter part below the water surface.Some water source for example may have algae in pond, lake or the brook or other muddy sources just in time are positioned under the water surface or on the water surface, does not therefore wish the end of pipeline 141 is arranged in this zone.Though water treatment system 110 still can be produced safe tap water 128 from the most muddy water, if possible, the end of pipeline 141 should be placed on the clean water face.For near the water source that has the height opacity water surface, former water float can be located at about 1～2 meter part from the end of pipeline 141, so that make the end of pipeline 141 can further remain on following required degree of depth place, surface, water source.Under the situation in lake that has spring to inject or brook, former water float 140 is to be placed on from the end of pipeline 141 part enough far away, so that make the end of pipeline 141 be immersed in enough dark part in the spring source in order to avoid the caused opacity of disturbance when occurring from the water source owing to spring.
In another embodiment, when known or conjecture water source have a soft bottom, can use other suitable upholders instead and replace float, or beyond former water float 140, add measure in addition and come the end of holding tube line 141 can not sink in earth, sand or the mud.
So pass through first operating valve 144 of opening through the former water 142 that still contains suspended solids 136 behind the net grid, pass through second operating valve 146 of opening and suction line 147 by pump 132 then. Operating valve 144 and 146 can be the water flow controller of any pattern, and they are to be designed to have two positions of opening or closing, for example magnetic plug or magnetic valve.Former water 142 through the net grid passes through a flow system flow controller 148 in pipeline 147 then.Though flow system flow controller 148 can be arranged on any appropriate location in the system element 111, had better be arranged in the pipeline 147 to come flow rate control in required size.The controlled amount of flow velocity is built in horizontal plane about 50-300 rice every day of every square metre of filtration medium
3Between any numerical value or more, in an embodiment who recommends, flow velocity is about 170-250 liter/second/rice
2(10～15 meters
3/ hour/meter
2).Flow system flow controller 148 can have a fixed opening or can flow velocity be increased or reduces by its openings of sizes of manual regulation.
In another embodiment, flow system flow controller 148 is to carry out automatization, be that central controller 112 can output to flow system flow controller 148 to the information of receiving from the under meter of suitable setting, so flow system flow controller 148 can respond by enlarging or dwindling its spray orifice according to the input of being received, so that flow is increased or reduce.
Then, the former water 142 through the net grid flows through filtration medium contained in Filter column 126 156.Filtration medium 156 can be placed on any position in the Filter column 126, as long as the top of filtration medium 126 is lower than the discharge end of pipeline 165, this arrangement is necessary in order to prevent to form negative water level condition in filtration medium 156, because the gas that it can cause being dissolved in the water is overflowed from solution.Filtration medium 156 can be arranged in any suitable manner, can pass through with enough speed through the former water 142 of net grid guaranteeing, obtaining suitable filtration, but preferably moves as a quick filtering system.In the embodiment that recommends, be with 170-250 liter/second/rice through the former water 142 of net grid
2Flow velocity be introduced into system element 111, the top of filtration medium 156 is to be positioned at least in the following 3-5cm part of pipeline 165 discharge end.
Adopt magnesium oxide (MgO) as filtration medium in one embodiment.MgO has the positive charge of a nature less than 11 glassware for drinking water for all pH values.The pH value of most of former water is in the scope of 5-9pH unit.Three kinds of known magnesium oxide are generally arranged, that is: the fixedly MgO of oxidation or periclasite, the MgO of hard oxidation and (causticity) MgO of soft oxidation.
Fixedly the MgO of oxidation (periclasite) surpasses the magnesium oxide that forms under 1800 ℃ the condition in temperature, and it has one less than 1 meter
2The BET surface-area of/gram and less than 20% porousness.(BET is a kind of testing method that is used for determining such as the surface-area that comprises pore of materials such as magnesium oxide, activated carbon).Fixedly the MgO of oxidation has one greater than 2.9 gram per centimeters
3Bulk proportion (BSG) and one greater than 25 microns crystallite size.Can adopt the MgO of granular fixedly oxidation in one embodiment, the MagChem P-98 that produces by Martin Marietta magnesium oxide specialized company preferably, it is processing and roasting in shaft furnace from contain the salts solution that enriches magnesium, through grinding the magnesium oxide of a kind of highly purified technical grade that forms, purity is generally about 98.0%, the oxide compound of remaining calcium of 2%, silicon, aluminium and iron etc., this product has high-density and low reactivity, and has several grades can support application.
The MgO of hard oxidation is the magnesium oxide of producing under 1200 ℃～1800 ℃ temperature, and it has one less than 1 meter
2The BET surface-area of/gram and 3%～50% porousness.The MgO of hard oxidation has one 1.8 * 2.4 gram per centimeters
3Bulk proportion, the chemical bitter earth reactivity (CMA) of a measurement of 600～900 seconds and the crystallographic dimension of a 1-5 micron.Can adopt the MgO of granular hard oxidation in another embodiment, the Mag Chem 10 that produces by Martin Marietta magnesium oxide patents company preferably, it be from the salts solution of high-content magnesium processing and the magnesium oxide of high purity technology level.Its typical purity is 98.2%, and all the other compositions are the oxide compound of calcium, silicon, aluminium, iron etc.This product has higher density and low reactivity, and it has several grades can support application, and its particle level is dustless basically.
(causticity) MgO of the MgO of soft oxidation or light oxidation is the magnesium oxide of producing in 350 ℃-1200 ℃ temperature range.It is Powdered under the natural production state, has a porousness and is lower than 0.72 gram per centimeter greater than 50% and one
3The bulk density (LBD) of pine, therefore the MgO of soft oxidation is easy to dissolved and enters immediately just in liquid being filtered.So the MgO of soft oxidation must adopt special technique to make it to form particulate state before as a filtration medium, for example by forming the spherical density that strengthens.
Other positively charged filtration mediums may comprise aluminum oxide, and it all has positive charge to all pH values less than the water of 9.5 units.
Because suspended solids 136 is kept here in filtration medium 156, therefore to continue filtering speed, then required water level 153 will increase gradually, and make former water 142 through the net grid temporarily be stored in filtration medium 156 above.Last up to water level 153 above till the most significant digit face 155 of being monitored by filter bits face sensor 124.The maximum plane 155 of any appropriate amount all can be set, but preferably its maximum plane 155 should equal the height of filtration medium 156 used in the Filter column 126 at least.For example when the height of filtration medium 156 was 1.5 meters, maximum water level 155 also should be 1.5 meters, so Filter column 126 required height own should be greater than 3 meters.Gao Du water level can be allowed the filtration of one section appropriate time like this, preferably have 24 hours at least (described in Fig. 1 D) between twice back washing circulation.
Have an opacity less than the filtering water 158 of the process of 1-5NTU from the bottom of filtration medium 156 through the closed conduit 160 of with groove and export.The closed conduit 160 of with groove can be located at any position near Filter column 126 bottoms, and available any suitable material makes virtually any size and shape, makes it be enough to keep here filtration medium 156 in the Filter column 126.In one embodiment, the closed conduit 160 of with groove is with plastic, and its size can make filtered water 158 head loss with 4-6 centimetre in closed conduit 160 flow out from Filter column 126.
Filtered water 158 flows through in pipeline 162 and enters pipeline 165 by the 3rd operating valve 164 of opening then.Perhaps this 3rd operating valve also can be located in the pipeline 165.Preferably make filtered water 158 enter pipeline 162 continuously, force filtered water 158 inflow line 165 and need not in system element 111, to adopt extra water pump upwards in pipeline 162, though also can adopt such pump where necessary with enough pressure.Mat one suitable sterilization method is purified or is sterilized before filtered water 158 is left pipeline 165, and this method preferably has remaining effect.The example of this method comprises chlorination, iodate or utilizes the mixed oxidization of elements such as chlorine, ozone and dioxide peroxide.Shown in Figure 1B, the sanitation valve 170 that sterilizing agent is opened by one the pipeline 168 from a disinfection trough 166 flows in the pipeline 165 that contains filtered water 158.Like this, filtered water 158 was sterilized before entering storage tank 122 and becomes the filtered water (or tap water) 128 of sterilization, and its microorganism sieve shape thing content preferably is substantially equal to zero.In another embodiment, sterilizing agent flows directly on pipeline 165 effusive filtered water 158 by pipeline 168.The flow of sterilizing agent can be controlled with any appropriate means, and it is added on the filtered water 158 with suitable amount.
The end user who drinks people 128 can take by near one or several fire hose that is located at tap water storage tank 122 bottoms.Tap water storage tank 122 can be made into any suitable size and shape.In one embodiment, tap water storage tank 122 can hold 6,000 liters tap water 128, and its diameter is about 2.3 meters, highly about 1.8 meters.Tap water storage tank 122 can be made by any suitable material, for example fiberglass, stainless steel, polycarbonate or other plastics.
With reference to Fig. 1 D, when filtration medium 156 is subjected to the overload of suspended solids 136, will the water level 153 more than the top of media be surpassed by filter bits face sensor (L3) 124 water levels of being monitored 155.This makes filter bits face sensor (L3) 124 give central controller 112 outputs one information, and controller 112 sends corresponding information to each valve successively and makes it to open or cut out and begin to carry out back washing process shown in Fig. 1 D.This back washing process water treatment system 110 filter or process recycling in all may take place.
If when needing to carry out back washing in process recycling, central controller 112 is all closed second operating valve 146 in the pipeline 147 and the 3rd operating valve 164 in pipeline 162, and approximately at the same time, is preferably in the backwash vale 179 that makes simultaneously in the pipeline 176 and opens.Effusive tap water 128 just changes direction from storage tank 122 like this, present its flow through pipeline 176 and enter the bottom of Filter column 126 by the closed conduit 160 of with groove, and upwards flow into filtration medium 156, approximately at the same time, preferably take place simultaneously, air compressor 178 is switched on, and back washing pressure lock 180 is opened, and makes pressurized air with 1-2 rice
3/ minute/meter
2Flow velocity enter Filter column 126 by near the pipeline the bottom 181.In another embodiment, pressurized air is introduced directly in the pipeline 176 and mixes the bottom that then enters Filter column 126 mutually with tap water 128.
Pressurized air and tap water 128 be with suitable speed, for example about 20-25 rice
3/ minute/meter
2, the Filter column 126 of upwards flowing through is agitated filtration medium 156 and partly liquefaction, thereby the suspended solids 136 that adheres to is removed from filtration medium 156.Because flowing of pressurized air and tap water 128, filtration medium 156 is than its normal 15-20% that highly approximately expands, shown in Fig. 1 D.
Flow through after 2-5 minute of expansible filtration medium 156 having only tap water 128, central controller 112 just makes the backwash vale 179 in back washing pipeline 176 close, and second operating valve 146 in pipeline 147 and the 3rd operating valve 164 in pipeline 162 are opened approximately at the same time, preferably carry out simultaneously.Like this, recirculation is carried out at tap water 128 top that is drawn towards Filter column 126 once more.
When system will carry out back washing during former water 114 filtration states, for example drop to low-water level 187 when following in starting or when the water level of tap water 128, central controller 112 just is closed in first operating valve 144 in the pipeline 141, then approximately at the same time, preferably open recycling valve 172 in the pipeline 173 simultaneously.(water that low-water level 187 is provided in a side of in the tap water storage tank 122 also has 1 meter at least
3Part, so not only for back washing, and take tap water in back washing cycle period from the fire hose 188 for the user competent water supply just can be arranged) so approximately at the same time, preferably simultaneity factor controller 112 cuts out the sanitation valve 170 in the pipeline 168, and its course of action is with foregoing identical when carrying out back washing under the recirculation state.When water treatment system 110 was prepared to get back to the raw water filtration state, the switching situation of same valve only will be opened the sanitation valve in the pipeline 168 170 extraly again with noted earlier identical.
Though pipeline 141,147,162,165,168,173 and whole water treatment system 110 in pressure and temperature all be to monitor, but as long as the tap water flow velocity in the intake pipeline 165 remains in the foregoing fixed range, these have been monitored with regard to unnecessary.But monitor these parameters if desired, then transmitter separately can with central controller 112 coupling mutually.If the numerical value of surveying exceeds or just take corrective action when being lower than predeterminated level, for example when the water temperature in any systematic pipeline was confirmed as being lower than predetermined minimum temperature, pipeline was heated to suitable temperature in the appropriate location that can adopt a portable well heater to be placed on system.As a kind of method of replacement or except adopting well heater, also can in the season of cold, give pipeline itself and other equipment heat insulationly, but this additional measure will increase the cost of water treatment system 110.
In addition, when water treatment system 110 during, can carry out various tests and determine opacity and microorganism level initial the installation.But native system is design like this, does not need to carry out various measurements in conventional operation.
Fig. 2 represents the movably top view of the embodiment of water treatment system 110 (being in filtration stage).It is contained on the trailer 210 with towing hook 214.The appropriate device of any parts that can held water treatment system 110 and be movably and have all can adopting of stopper.Fig. 2 has represented two wheel cabins 213 in the one embodiment of the invention, represents that with vertical working position Filter column 126 is installed on the hinged folding base plate 226.Like this, Filter column 126 can or be placed on several supports that increase gradually of taking turns cabin 213 over top so that support obliquely to be provided obliquely with an angle in the travelling process.
Though any suitable power supply all can use, shown in Figure 2 is a sun power screen board 215 that is arranged on end cap 217 tops of tap water storage tank 122.Except the sun power screen board, to adopt a store battery 216 at least, preferably more more, store sun power so that do not use in the date of sunlight having.All store batteries 216 preferably leave in the storage room 218.Also can deposit other energy in the storage room 218, generator for example, it also can be used as the storing place of sterilizing agent and other article.
Tap water storage tank 122 can be provided with one or several output point or the fire hose 188, but preferably has 3 fire hoses 188 at least, as shown in Figure 2.In another embodiment of the present invention, place the module of a particulate state activated carbon (GAC) in the pipeline before output point, be commonly referred to as activated carbon, in order to reduce organic contamination such as the compound of flavoursome or smell or disinfectant by product etc.
Tap water storage tank 122 the most handy one suitable end caps 217 cover with the protection foreign object and enter.Any type of end cap 217 all can adopt, for example cloth or rigidity plastics, as long as it can suitably cover tap water storage tank 122 and keep firmly.Adopt one simply to cover in another embodiment, for example a tarpaulin canvas or storage grid room protect whole water treatment system 110.
Fig. 3 represents to be positioned at the end view after the part excision of the water treatment system 110 on the trailer 210 that has wheel 318.Shown water treatment system 110 is in filtered water 128 has reached high-water 186 in storage tank 122 the moment.Water-level float 312 works high water level sensor (L1) 118 (not shown)s and begins the process recycling described in Figure 1A and the 1B as a result.On the contrary, when tap water 128 drops to low-water level 187,, make low water level sensor (L2) 120 (not shown)s, begin to carry out the raw water filtration process, shown in Figure 1B to central controller 112 output signals just water-level float 312 is in the position shown in the dotted line.In another embodiment, be provided with two water-level floats, one is in order to monitoring high-water 186, and another is in order to monitoring low-water level 187.As mentioned above, the back washing process begins to carry out when Filter column 126 median water level 153 reach top water-level 155, and strainer water-level float 316 makes the action of strainer water level sensor (L3) 124 (not shown)s and begins to enter the back washing process at this moment.
Fig. 4 is illustrated in the simplified side view of one embodiment of the present of invention of using near the brook 402 the trailer 210.Adopted sun power screen 215 as power supply in this embodiment.Fig. 4 represents that also pipeline 141 preferably is placed on the upstream in addition, then is emitted on the downstream from the waste water of pipeline 184.
With reference to Fig. 5, wherein represented the flow process of an embodiment of the present invention 500, it has done detailed description to the operational process of drinking water treatment that has filtration/recirculation/back washing process and have a process medium of positive charge.Fig. 5 also comprise the timer part of back washing and to the automatization flow control of said system flow director as the embodiment that replaces.Flow process makes central controller and pump connect from starting 501 after wherein power supply closes.Determining to confirm in 502 whether high-water surpasses predetermined limits then.Predetermined high limit is meant that the plane of tap water in storage tank is quite high, thereby need not to import former water again and filter.
If high-water also surpasses predetermined limit, determine 504 to confirm whether the plane in the Filter column surpasses predetermined limit so enter, plane is the water level that is defined as the former water of the process net grid more than the filtration medium top here.If plane surpasses predetermined limit, determine 506 to confirm whether be a certain specified time just enter, morning during 2:00 for example,, just begin or recovers filtration 508 if not morning during 2:00 or other predetermined non-peak hours.
Make decision 510 then, confirm whether the flow velocity of the former water of process net grid reaches required level.When if system operates in too high or too low flow velocity, in adjusting 512, the opening of flow system flow controller is done corresponding the adjusting.If in case regulate 512 finish after or system when under required flow velocity, having moved, make to enter to determine 514 to confirm whether low-water level is lower than preestablished limit.Predetermined lower bound is meant that the water level of the tap water in storage tank is quite low, thereby need import former water (or continuing the former water of input) once more from the water source, this situation is because the supply of tap water is too low, or because the firm starting operation of system, or because usage quantity causes too much.
If low-water level is not lower than predetermined limit, determine 504 just enter once more, confirm according to the Filter column plane whether needs are carried out the back washing process.If the plane in the Filter column surpasses predetermined limit, then determine 516 to confirm whether water treatment system is in filtration state (still recirculation state).If be in the filtration state, then the transfer valve the water source cuts out in program 518, and preferably in 520 the recycling valve that leads to storage tank is opened simultaneously.If system is not after being in filtration state (promptly being in the recirculation state) or the recycling valve in 520 and having opened, so air compressor is switched in program 522, the pressure lock of back washing is simultaneously opened, approximately at the same time, preferably lead to simultaneously or all be closed from the operating valve of Filter column and the valve in the sterilization pipeline.In program 524, carry out the back washing process of certain hour, preferably about 10～12 minutes.Before the back washing end of processing about 2-4 minute, air compressor is closed in program 526, approximately at the same time, preferably simultaneously pressure lock cuts out, and pressurized air is disappeared from system.In program 528 behind the back washing end of processing, make and lead to or all open from the operating valve of Filter column.
To determine 514 to confirm whether lower bound predetermined limit of low-water level then again.If then the transfer valve from the water source is opened in program 532, almost at the same time, the recycling valve of receiving storage tank is closed, and the sanitation valve in the sterilization pipeline is opened, so the water that comes from the Yuan Shui water source just restarts to filter.
Then to determine 502 to confirm whether high-water surpasses preestablished limit again.If, be closed in program 534 from the transfer valve at water source, almost at the same time, preferably simultaneously, the recycling valve that leads to storage tank is opened, and begins to carry out recirculation.Determine 514 to confirm whether low-water level is lower than predetermined limit then, so flow process is just proceeded down as described above.
The present invention must further specify with reference to following example.This example provides for the advantage that proves absolutely the present invention and it, but this example and do not mean that and only be confined to described situation.
Example
The foundation and the step of test
Do not condense and for the purpose of the feasibility of flocculation chemical agent tested, ad hoc meter, manufacturing had also moved a small-sized pilot plant in order not adopt to adopting positively charged filtration medium to produce the tap water of low opacity and low microbial count.Experiment is that they do not adopt the ability of condensing chemical agent producing drinking water in next life by adopting two kinds of traditional electronegative media and positively charged medium to come comparison in the test that is separating under the identical conditions.Test is to utilize the various filtration mediums of the following stated to carry out, and keeps the muddy water in the groove to filter in the mode of recirculation to leaving one in.
Traditional electronegative medium of being tested be silica sand (＜1.68mm,＞0.42mm), have one 12 * 40 mesh screen sizes.Silica sand is to obtain from the Unifilt company of Pennsylvania Zeleinopole, positively charged medium obtains from Martin-Marietta magnesium oxide specialized company, comprise Mag Chem 10 (the hard oxidation MgO of particulate state), has one 12 * 40 mesh screen sizes (＜2.0mm,＞0.42mm), purity is about 98%, with Mag Chem P-98 (particulate state fixed oxygen MgO), 1/8 " the net grid of inch (0.32 centimetre); (＜3.36mm,＞0.59mm), and fine grain form (＜2.38mm;＞0.17mm), purity is about 98.2%.
Silica sand, Mag Chem 10 and Mag Chem P-98 (1/8 " (0.32cm) mesh screen and fine particle shape), each all bears the size of particles analysis.1000 gram samples of per 12 * 40 mesh screen media are by 10,16,20, sieve and coil the size of particles vibrator that is sieved into a standard respectively 30,40, No. 50, per-cent through the ratio screen size after the screening is calculated, and in test, the recovery of medium is between 995 grams and 1003 grams, Mag Chem P-98 is by comprising 4,8,10,16,20,25,30,40, No. 50 sieves and the screen set that coils screen.
Fig. 6,7 and 8 represent silica sand respectively, the particle size distribution of Mag Chem 10 and Mag Chem P-98 has enough quantity to test every kind of medium with identical size property to every kind of medium of analysis revealed of these results.Correspondingly, medium sieves in the vibrator that following size is sieved into a commercialization by screen set.
By No. 10 the sieve, keep here No. 16 the sieve on (＜2.0mm,＞1.19mm)
By No. 16 the sieve, keep here No. 20 the sieve on (＜1.19mm,＞0.84mm)
By No. 20 the sieve, keep here No. 30 the sieve on (＜0.84mm,＞0.59mm)
Media density is (with every centimetre
3Weight is divided by every centimetre
3The weight of water) be defined as: silica sand=2.58, Mag Chem 10=3.05, Mag Chem P-98=3.06
Fig. 9 is that a graphic representation is used for representing that the size class of binding medium how prepares a filtration medium that is used for quick deep-bed filter respectively, and particularly its medium that to be a kind of its size represent with mm is in conjunction with to comparing the curve that the more tiny shared per-cent of part of media size that screened is done in the medium.Scope (＜2.0mm,＞1.19mm in three kinds of medium sizes in the medium of screening;＜1.19mm,＞0.84mm; With＜0.84mm,＞0.59mm) all to point out on curve 900, it is similar to the straight line by 901～904 each points.Point 901 (0.6,9) representative accounts for 0% of medium less than the medium of 0.59mm, and the representative of point 902 (0.85,17.5) is a medium less than 0.84mm at 17.5% medium, and it is medium less than 1.19mm that the representative of point 903 (1.4,42) has 42% medium approximately.It is medium less than 2mm that point 904 (2,100) representative has 100% medium approximately, and just All Media is all less than 2mm.
So Fig. 9 represents: distance A 906 comprises that all have the medium of one 20 * 36 mesh screens, comprise that apart from B907 all have the medium of one 16 * 20 mesh screens, and distance C 908 comprises all media with one 10 * 16 mesh screens.In this pilot plant, need one effectively size (e) be that 1.95 medium reaches the medium classification in the satisfied strainer for 0.74mm and uniformity coefficient coefficient (UC) (60% size/10% size).So-called effective medium size is meant that the medium of 10% weight is the medium less than this size, and it is 0.74mm approx in the case, shown in the point 908 (0.74,10) among Fig. 9.Be 0.74mm in order to obtain effective medium size, the media depth of required 122 centimetres (48 inches) is tried to achieve by three degree of depth phase Calais, it is confirmed as a suitable degree of depth.
Distance * mesh screen * degree of depth centimetre (inch)=centimetre (inch)
A(17.5％-0％)=17.5％????(20×30)????122(48)??=21(8.40)
B(42％-17％)=24.5％?????(16×20)????122(48)??=30(11.76)
C (100%-42%)=58% (10 * 16) 122 (48)=71 (27.84) (for simplicity, supposing that All Media all has roughly the same density).
The test I is finished with silica sand, and the test II is to finish in above-mentioned combination with Mag Chem P-98.Every kind of medium is to be placed on separately in the Filter column with characteristic as described below, has only a Filter column operation at every turn.
Be used for instructing the parts of the pilot plant of preliminary study to comprise a stainless simulation tap water storage tank and a back washing water storage tank.Each storage tank about 1 (3 inches) Mi Shen, about 0.75 meter of diameter (2.5 feet), about 380 liters of useful volume (102 gallons).Adopt one dark granule medium gravity filter in Filter column, the Filter column diameter is about 10 centimetres (4 inches), highly about 2.8 meters (9 feet), about 8 centimetres of area
2(0.0873 foot
2).About 12 meters of used filtration velocity
3/ hour/meter
2Or 1.4 liters of/minute (about 5 gpm/feet
2Or 0.44 gpm).Height along Filter column is equipped with a scale, is used for measuring the height of water when the plane on filtration procedure medium top increases.
Miscellaneous part comprises that also the electric motor of a Neptune type B3.0 that is produced by the branch of the W.W.Grainger company of Des Maines drives the roller mixing machine, and the 115-230 volt, is used for the mixed earth that is added in the simulation tank to make opacity by 1/2 horsepower.Also adopted the submerged type wet-pit (model is No.IP914) of 1/6 horsepower of the Teel of a Grainger company, capacity about 1,320 gallons/4 o'clock, head is 3 foot (5,000 liter/4 o'clock, 0.9 the rice head), water is supplied with strainer from storage tank, constantly gets back in the tank through filtering water as transfer pump.Also adopt one also be the submerged type impeller pump (model is No.IP8094) of 1/2 horsepower of Teel of Grainger company as back washpump, from back washing water storage tank cleaning water is supplied with strainer and carries out back washing.Also bought a Hach 2100N ratio opacity meter and a primary standard, through being used for measuring the opacity and the opacity from the water that strainer is emitted of water in the storage tank behind the mark.The pH value of water sample be adopt new many glue of pH Combo electrode (the 13-620-108 type of Fisher scientific company) and-Accumet type pH instrument measures.
Used operation method comprises: the tap water storage tank is both as the water source of former water, again as the receptor of filtered water.The used water yield approaches 0.4 meter
3(100 gallons).Owing to still get back in the storage tank through filtering water, so the opacity of former water becomes more and more littler.In the groove that water mixes with the roller mixing tank continuously, enter the measurement that the storage tank part is all carried out opacity from Filter column as filtered water with water.
Because storage tank contains 0.4 meter approximately
3The muddy water of (100 gallons), and filter with the flow velocity that is about 1.4 liters/minute (0.36 gpms), therefore filter the water yield in the groove and need 277 minutes (4.63 hours) approximately.Because the opacity of water is reduced to approach the opacity of the water that strainer emits, water in the storage tank must recirculation by strainer about 7 times or 8 times (being equivalent to 32-37 hour), could estimate system performance so system must move a couple of days continuously.
There are three kinds of methods to carry out qualitatively and quantitative evaluation to performance.A kind of is the opacity of filtered water is come to compare with other media as the function of a time and to compare with the drinking water standard of world health organization WHO.A kind of is that opacity according to the water in the tap water storage tank is reduced to the required time of 0.5NTU (or being lower than) and estimates.Another kind is to estimate according to the speed that head loss increases in time.
Therefore adopted a standard program to instruct test I and II.It comprises that storage tank to simulation tap water storage tank and back washing water cleans and fills with tap water (a kind of 9.3～9.5 normal ph is arranged through lime remollescent glassware for drinking water).Strainer carries out 10 minutes back washing with the water of enough flows then, so that about 20% media expansion to be provided.Make pressurized air with about 1.5 meters simultaneously
3/ minute/meter
2(3 feet
3/ minute/foot
2) flow velocity enter the bottom of strainer.In the time of through 10 minutes empty G﹠W after the back washing, air is cut off and the water back washing also continues 2-3 minute till all visible bubbles are removed from medium.Close strainer then, and make back washing water be retained in the plane of above several inches of sand surface.A kind of Kent base ball clay that can buy commercial is continued several minutes with the concentration of about 59 mg/litre (22.3 gram) and is applied in the simulation tap water storage tank, so that a water chaotic degree that is about 40NTU to be provided.In all time, use the drum-type mixing tank to come liquid storage in the tempering tank so that uniform opacity to be provided.Mixing effect is carried out in whole follow-up process of the test continuously.
Liquid in simulation tap water storage tank begins to test I later on through about 15 minutes mixing, and starting diving transfer pump extracts water by a spinner-type flowmeter out, and it is targeted at a constant and is about 12 meters
3/ hour/meter
2Control speed or about 1.4 liters/minute (4.12 gpm/feet
2).The per-cent (%) of having represented peak flow in the below of " the filtration medium data summary table " of table 1 with to rise/calibration relation of the flow velocity of minute (gpm) expression.Pump handle water guide to strainer the top and facing to the inwall of Filter column.Water is got back to the simulation tap water storage tank that contains clay suspension after Filter column is discharged.The starting time of test comprises that water leaves and time of reentering storage tank adds and was used for making flow velocity to reach 1.4 liters of/minute (4.12 gpm/feet in 2-3 minute from Filter column
2) and reach the time of stablizing plane.
In the beginning several hrs, the opacity that once enters water in time of storage tank and the opacity the water, the simulation tap water storage tank every 15 minutes records, and the plane in the Filter column from Filter column.Later on once, more later on once every 1 hour record every 30 minutes records.After 10 hours operation, these are measured just can be in that the time carries out easily.Other are monitored such as pH value and blended water, the water of suction and the parameters such as temperature of recycled water.
When the water of water in the simulation tap water storage tank and Filter column output reaches equilibrium state, or the haze levels in storage tank is when being lower than 0.2NTU, operation constipation bundle.
In the test I and II that adopt silica sand and Mag Chem p-98 successively, even through after 24 operations, the head loss of strainer also and find no significant increase, all the other surplus 22 the Kent base ball clay major part of gram all be retained in the strainer.From this point, operation is interrupted, and increases the haze levels that flows into the water in the Filter column once more but added 22.3 clays that restrain in addition again in simulation tap water storage tank.System continues operation then, and the opacity of the water in simulation tap water storage tank reaches low-level once more, or till when showing that by the head loss that medium produced operation should finish.
Test-results
The test I:
Adopt the silica sand medium and without result such as table one and Figure 10 of the test I of Chemical Pretreatment, shown in 11 and 12.
Table one adopts the test-results filtration medium data summary table of silica sand medium
| Date | The test sequence number | ||||||
| ??01/15/96 | ?????1 | ||||||
| Time (hour) | Elapsed-time standards (hour) | The % of flow velocity peak flow | Storage tank 1 NTU | Strainer 1 NTU | Strainer 2 NTU | The plane 2 of strainer | |
| Li | Inch | ||||||
| ?11:30?AM | ????0.00 | ????50 | ??25.0 | ????0.8 | ??160.0 | ?63.00 | |
| ?11:45?AM | ????0.25 | ????48 | ??27.0 | ????7.5 | ??181.6 | ?71.50 | |
| ?12:00?PM | ????0.50 | ????48 | ??27.0 | ????7.0 | ??179.1 | ?70.50 | |
| ?12:15?PM | ????0.75 | ????49 | ??27.0 | ????7.0 | ??181.6 | ?71.50 | |
| ?12:30?PM | ????1.00 | ????50 | ??27.0 | ????6.5 | ??179.1 | ?70.50 | |
| ?12:45?PM | ????1.25 | ????49 | ??27.0 | ????8.0 | ??177.8 | ?70.00 | |
| ?01:00?PM | ????1.50 | ????50 | ??25.5 | ????7.0 | ??177.8 | ?70.00 | |
| ?01:15?PM | ????1.75 | ????48 | ??25.5 | ????8.0 | ??176.5 | ?69.50 | |
| ?01:30?PM | ????2.00 | ????50 | ??25.5 | ????8.0 | ??176.5 | ?69.50 | |
| ?02:00?PM | ????2.50 | ????49 | ??23.5 | ???10.5 | ??175.3 | ?69.00 | |
| ?03:00?PM | ????3.50 | ????46 | ??22.0 | ???10.0 | ??172.7 | ?68.00 | |
| ?04:00?PM | ????4.50 | ????48 | ??20.0 | ????8.0 | ??171.7 | ?67.50 | |
| ?05:00?PM | ????5.50 | ????50 | ??17.5 | ????7.5 | ??170.2 | ?67.00 | |
| ?08:30?PM | ????9.00 | ????38 | ??11.5 | ????4.8 | ??167.6 | ?66.00 | |
| ?11:00?PM | ???11.60 | ????50 | ???7.0 | ????5.0 | ??167.0 | ?65.75 | |
| ?07:45?AM | ???20.25 | ????46 | ???2.6 | ????0.9 | ??170.2 | ?67.00 | |
| ?09:00?AM | ???21.50 | ????50 | ???2.2 | ????0.8 | ??170.2 | ?67.00 | |
| ?10:00?AM | ???22.50 | ????50 | ???1.8 | ????0.6 | ??170.2 | ?67.00 | |
| ?12:00?PM | ???24.50 | ????50 | ???1.4 | ????0.6 | ??169.5 | ?66.75 | |
| ?02:00?PM | ???26.50 | ????50 | ???0.9 | ????0.4 | ??170.8 | ?67.25 | |
| ?04:00?PM | ???26.50 | ????50 | ???0.8 | ????0.3 | ??170.2 | ?67.00 | |
| ?05:00?PM | ???29.50 | ????50 | ???0.7 | ????0.3 | ??170.2 | ?67.00 | |
| ?11:00?PM | ???35.50 | ????50 | ???0.3 | ????0.2 | ??168.3 | ?66.25 | |
| ?09:05?AM | ???45.50 | ????50 | ???0.1 | ????0.1 | ??170.8 | ?67.25 | |
| ?03:20?PM | ???51.80 | ????50 | ???0.2 | ????0.1 | ??170.2 | ?67.00 | |
| ?03:30?PM | ???52.00 | ????50 | ??42.00 | ????3.97 | ??170.2 | ?67.00 | |
| ?04:00?PM | ???52.50 | ????50 | ??48.40 | ???12.40 | ??171.5 | ?67.50 | |
| ?05:00?PM | ???53.50 | ????50 | ??45.40 | ???12.90 | ??171.5 | ?67.50 | |
| ?10:45?PM | ???59.25 | ????50 | ??15.30 | ????4.03 | ??174.0 | ?68.50 | |
| ?08:10?AM | ???68.60 | ????50 | ???2.30 | ????1.75 | ??176.5 | ?69.50 | |
| ?10:30?AM | ???71.00 | ????50 | ???1.58 | ????0.59 | ??175.3 | ?69.00 | |
| ?11:45?AM | ???72.25 | ????50 | ???1.23 | ????0.40 | ??176.5 | ?69.50 | |
| ?02:15?PM | ???74.75 | ????50 | ???0.80 | ????0.27 | ??177.2 | ?69.75 | |
| System closing | |||||||
Conversion from the per-cent of peak flow to gallons per minute
Table one is the data of expression to be gathered in the process of silica sand as the test I of filtration medium, notes being increased to 27NTU at the opacity 25NTU from the outset as the water in the groove I of simulation tap water storage tank in first 11/4 hour.This increase may be relevant with the special methods that is used in storage tank adding clay, because the water of some the low opacities in the piping system and the effect of filtration medium make the water in the groove reach an equilibrated haze levels in about 1 hour.Through after 48 hours the operation, the NTU value is reduced to 0.1NTU gradually then.Simultaneously, the opacity of listed water from the silica sand medium changed between 7.0NTU and 10.5NTU in first hour in " strainer 2 " hurdle in table, was reduced to 0.1NTU then after 51.8 hours equably.
| The % of peak flow | Gpm | Rise/minute | Filtration medium | Filtration medium |
| ?10％ | ?0.07 | ??0.26 | Strainer 1 | Strainer 2 |
| ?20％ | ?0.14 | ??0.53 | Silica sand | |
| ?30％ | ?0.22 | ??0.83 | ||
| ?40％ | ?0.29 | ??1.10 | ||
| ?50％ | ?0.36 | ??1.36 | ||
| ?60％ | ?0.42 | ??1.59 | ||
| ?70％ | ?0.50 | ??1.89 | ||
| ?80％ | ?0.57 | ??2.16 | ||
| ?90％ | ?0.67 | ??2.54 | ||
After 51.8 hours, increase opacity in the storage tank owing to added more Kent base ball clay, after half an hour, the opacity in the groove is increased to 48.4NTU, and the opacity of the water that Filter column is emitted is increased to more than the 12NTU.Descend along with the time then.In the several minutes that brings into operation, the plane of strainer has an increase that is difficult to explain, descends to some extent after 10 hours.Through after more than 60 hours the filtration, its plane has only increased several inches later on.
Figure 10 is the curve of the result of table one being made with semi-logarithmic scale, the opacity that it shows water emphatically over time, the curve of opacity from first to last is parallel with the curve of the opacity of water that Filter column is exported basically in the storage tank.As can be seen, make the opacity of filtered water be reduced to 1NTU and need move 20 hours, the water chaotic degree in the storage tank will drop to 1NTU then to be needed to move 26 hours.Testing the latter half of of I, the opacity of filtered water drops to 1NUT needs 18 hours, and the opacity of water drops to 1NUT and then needs 23 hours approximately in the storage tank.Figure 11 is the curve of making on the arithmetic coordinate with identical data.
Figure 11 represents the curve of head loss to the time.The measurement of the water level that head or filtration medium are above is proximate, because water has the cause that splashes when entering Filter column.Should see that also former water chaotic degree reduced along with the time, thus can not there be the constant solid loading to be added on the strainer, because the suspensoid in the storage tank is constantly to reduce.
The result of test I shows: when only carrying out chemical pre-treatment for by Filter column water to be filtered with single channel, the silica sand medium is not that a kind of medium of satisfaction provides fine to filter tap water, water filters the notion of later recirculation by silica sand, even also have advantage, because opacity can be reduced to the standard that satisfies tap water at last without Chemical Pretreatment.In any case the recirculation of water is essential because the opacity that filtered water can only remove wherein to be added through 20 hours operation about 2/3.Figure 12 shows that the total head loss by strainer only increases by 13 centimetres (5 inches), yet has removed the clay of the Kent base ball more than 42 grams from water.Because immobilized, inoperative head are about 133 centimetres (52.5 inches), therefore required gross head comprises the head loss by cleaning medium, about only 46 centimetres (18 inches).This result shows that total working head is about 1.5 meters (5 feet).
The test II:
The test II is except replacing the silica sand with Mag Chem P-98 (periclasite) medium, with the identical condition of test I under carry out.Obtained experience also is helpful from the test I, for example need add uniform slimy clay in the long time, and mix.Result such as table two and Figure 13 of test II are shown in 14 and 15.
Table two adopts the test-results of Mag Chem P-98 medium (periclasite)
The filtration medium data summary table
Conversion from the per-cent of peak flow to gallons per minute
Table two and Figure 13 clearly illustrate that the employing Mag Chem P-98 medium that is proposed and carry out the very important improvement of the system capability of Chemical Pretreatment for water to be filtered.Concrete observation to particular interest comprises: beginning test and adding Kent base ball clay (22.3 gram) and give and simulate the tap water storage tank and bring a constant opacity that is about 41.6～41.8NTU after through operation in 27.5 hours.From a hurdle of " strainer 1 " of opacity table two of Filter column output water as can be seen, when beginning to filter, be maximum, 2.72NTU, descend quite in phase later on, unsettled reading 1.6NTU that occurs after half an hour and 2 hours after operation and 1.26NTU can be interpreted as because filtering system, comprise Filter column, in cleaning water with due to muddy water in the storage tank mixes.Opacity being distributed in reach an equilibrated state in the whole water needs for some time.
| Date | The test sequence number | ||||||
| ???01/25/96 | ????2 | ||||||
| Time (hour) | Elapsed-time standards (hour) | The % of flow velocity peak flow | Storage tank 1 NTU | Strainer 1 NTU | Strainer 2 NTU | The plane 1 of strainer | |
| Inch | Centimetre | ||||||
| ??10:00?AM | ???0.00 | ????50 | ??41.8 | ???2.72 | ??52.50 | ???133.4 | |
| ??10:15?AM | ???0.25 | ????50 | ??41.7 | ???0.94 | ??68.00 | ???172.7 | |
| ??10:30?AM | ???0.50 | ????50 | ??41.0 | ???1.6 | ??68.75 | ???174.6 | |
| ??11:00?AM | ???1.00 | ????50 | ??38.2 | ???0.86 | ??70.00 | ???177.8 | |
| ??12:00?PM | ???2.00 | ????50 | ??34.3 | ???1.26 | ??69.50 | ???176.5 | |
| ??01:00?PM | ???3.00 | ????50 | ??27.4 | ???0.75 | ??69.25 | ???175.9 | |
| ??03:00?PM | ???5.00 | ????50 | ??18.5 | ???0.25 | ??69.00 | ???175.3 | |
| ??05:00?PM | ???7.00 | ????50 | ??12.4 | ???0.12 | ??69.00 | ???175.3 | |
| ???7:30?PM | ???9.50 | ????50 | ??7.10 | ???0.12 | ??69.00 | ???175.3 | |
| ??11:15?PM | ??13.25 | ????50 | ??3.22 | ???0.081 | ??69.50 | ???176.5 | |
| ??07:00?AM | ??21.00 | ????50 | ??0.61 | ???0.056 | ??70.00 | ???177.8 | |
| ??09:30?AM | ??23.50 | ????50 | ??0.41 | ???0.042 | ??70.25 | ???178.4 | |
| ??11:30?AM | ??25.50 | ????50 | ??0.26 | ???0.039 | ??70.50 | ???179.1 | |
| ??01:30?PM | ??27.50 | ????50 | ??0.18 | ????0.03 | ??70.75 | ???179.7 | |
| ??01:32?PM | ??27.53 | ????50 | ??41.60 | ????0.082 | ??70.75 | ???179.7 | |
| ??01:45?PM | ??27.75 | ????50 | ??41.10 | ????0.08 | ??71.75 | ???181.0 | |
| ??02:00?PM | ??28.00 | ????50 | ??39.60 | ????0.11 | ??72.50 | ???184.2 | |
| ??02:30?PM | ??28.50 | ????50 | ??38.90 | ????0.52 | ??72.75 | ???184.8 | |
| ??03:00?PM | ??29.00 | ????50 | ??35.20 | ????0.06 | ??73.00 | ???185.4 | |
| ??04:00?PM | ??30.00 | ????50 | ??26.70 | ????0.15 | ??74.00 | ???188.0 | |
| ??05:00?PM | ??31.00 | ????50 | ??22.60 | ????0.16 | ??74.50 | ???189.2 | |
| ??08:00?PM | ??34.00 | ????50 | ??11.90 | ????0.18 | ??76.50 | ???194.3 | |
| ??11:30?PM | ??37.50 | ????50 | ???5.24 | ????0.07 | ??78.00 | ???198.1 | |
| ??08:00?AM | ??46.00 | ????46 | ???3.36 | ????0.03 | ??88.00 | ???223.5 | |
| ?09:30?AM | ????47.50 | ???50 | ???3.70 | ???0.15 | ??93.50 | ?237.5 | |
| ?10:00?AM | ????48.00 | ???50 | ???3.80 | ???0.036 | ?102.00 | ?259.0 | |
| System closing | |||||||
| The % of max-flow x amount | Gpm | Rise/minute | Filtration medium | Filtration medium |
| ??10％ | ??0.07 | ???0.26 | Strainer 1 | Strainer 2 |
| ??20％ | ??0.14 | ???0.53 | Periclasite (in the use) | Silica sand (not using) |
| ??30％ | ??0.22 | ???0.83 | ||
| ??40％ | ??0.29 | ???1.10 | ||
| ??50％ | ??0.36 | ???1.36 | ||
| ??60％ | ??0.42 | ???1.59 | ||
| ??70％ | ??0.50 | ???1.89 | ||
| ??80％ | ??0.57 | ???2.16 | ||
| ??90％ | ??0.67 | ???2.54 | ||
Got rid of after the above-mentioned situation, all readings all are below 1NTU.As a typical example, even when filtering through the water of Chemical Pretreatment.In first half an hour to 1 hour filtering water also to discharge as waste water because it surpasses the desired opacity of drinking water quality often, required can shorten by adopting dark bed or thinner medium during this period of time.
Mag Chem P-98 (periclasite) filtration medium in service at 48 hours is through the water chaotic degree that just produced less than 0.5NTU in 45 hours, even the opacity of former water is increased to 41.6NTU again after 27.5 hours operation.In addition, this filtration medium can produce the filtered water of average opacity below 0.1NTU after 48 hours operation and through all after dates of two high opacities.
Also have, initial head loss by Mag Chem P-98 filtration medium is the water of 41 centimetres (16 inches), during first filtration of 27.5 hours, be used to filter about the increase only 5.6 centimetres (2.2 inches) of required head, in afterwards 10 hours after the opacity of simulation tap water storage tank is increased to 41.6NTU again, head loss has increased by 18.4 centimetres (7.25 inches) again through 10.5 hours in service secondarily after 37.5 hours the operation, the above water level of filtration medium has raise again 61 centimetres (24 inches), and this rising is owing to stop filtering result in fact.
Under the situation that does not adopt the chemical coagulation agent, the hypothesis that can make the water of high opacity suitably reduce its opacity has been made confirmation to result till now for positively charged medium.Therefore the best applications of method of the present invention be developing country and in other potable water applications as a kind of water treatment system simple to operate and mobile.Adopt positively charged periclasite medium, for example Mag Chem P-98, and the recirculation hardware of water treatment system has foregoing a lot of advantage to drinking water treatment.
Other tests of finishing under aforesaid same test conditions show that the water with higher initial opacity also can adopt Mag Chem P-98 (periclasite) to reduce its opacity as filtration medium.Particularly have 50NTU, the water of the opacity of 130NTU and 230NTU utilizes Mag Chem P-98 (periclasite) can be reduced to below the 0.5NTU as filtration medium.
In another embodiment, can adopt thicker slightly medium, in the hope of producing than test I in the example and the lower head loss of head loss shown in the II.The degree of depth of thicker medium can slightly be deeper than the degree of depth used in the example produce with test I and II in identical filtered water clarity.For example, can adopting 152 centimetres, to have an effective dimensions (e) be that 0.97 millimeter and lower uniformity coefficient coefficient (UC) are 1.59 thicker medium.The medium that only needs following two kinds of order of magnitude:
(100％-29.5％)=70.5％×152.4cm?depth=107.4cm
(29.5％-0％)=29.5％×152.4cm?depth=???45.0cm
Total?152.4cm
Come to the point, adopt a suitable positively charged medium, a recirculation hardware (recirculator), subsequently preferably through a disinfection parts (sterilizer), and the method and apparatus of the present invention that comprises back washing parts (back washing device) is very favourable, because tap water does not need just can produce with the chemical agent that condenses now, so operation and maintenance is all very convenient.Adopt independently power supply in addition, for example a generator or a sun power by gas-powered, or the combination of these two kinds of energy is even can make system also can move in the side area.System also has movably advantage, and it can make the global people obtain safe tap water with other new characteristics of the present invention together.
Though the present invention has done quite detailed description to the form of certain recommendation, also may adopt other forms.Device for example of the present invention can be placed on the fixed basis of a suitable enclosure and move on a large scale as a nonvolatil distribution system.Such system needs a suitable power supply, network system for example, or a network system combines with a stand-by generator.The size of equipment, the amount of flow velocity, sterilizing agent, the tap water of output every day etc. also need be equipped with by large-scale operation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, adopt a suitable positively charged filtration medium, for example magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide combine with one deck sand facies, and move as at a slow speed a sand filtering system.Because it is very dark that suspended solids can't infiltrate in filter bed, thus this operation scheme do not need to carry out back washing because filter bed can clean by the top layer of sand that contains the suspended solids that gathers is to some extent periodically removed.
Also have at least two Filter columns or at least two tap water storage tanks are arranged among a kind of embodiment.
Therefore, the spirit and scope of claims should not be limited to the embodiment of several recommendations described here.
Claims (30)
1. utilize the method for a water treatment system producing drinking water in next life, may further comprise the steps:
Filter former water with a filtration medium with a positive electrostatic attraction, produce filtered water with low opacity by attracting suspended solids;
Make filtered water recirculation attract extra suspended solids, thereby the opacity of filtered water is further reduced through filtration medium.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein the back washing that also comprises filtration medium, come the cleaning and filtering medium with the suspended particles of removing wherein.
3. also comprise the filtration water purification according to the process of claim 1 wherein, the content of microorganisms in the tap water that is produced is about: O sieve shape organism/100 milliliters.
4. according to the method for claim 3, wherein filtered water purifies with a sterilizing agent with residual effect.
5. according to the method for claim 4, wherein sterilizing agent is to select from chlorine, iodine, ozone and dioxide peroxide.
6. according to the method for claim 2, wherein also comprise and control water treatment system with central controller, wherein central controller is according to working from drinking the high water level sensor in the tank and the input signal of low water level sensor and the most significant digit face sensor in Filter column, and wherein when water treatment system begins to filter, recirculation or back washing all depend on received input signal.
7. according to the method for claim 6, comprise also with a timer and carry out regularly back washing that wherein water treatment system is set in the lower time of tap water usage quantity and carries out back washing.
8. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that filtration medium is to select from magnesium dioxide, aluminium dioxide and sand.
9. according to the method for claim 2, wherein adopt pressurized air and water to come the back washing filtration medium.
10. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the opacity of tap water is about the muddy unit (NTU) of 0.5～5 nephelometer.
11. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that water treatment system is transportable.
12. method according to claim 1, water wherein to be filtered is the top that is discharged into a J-shape pipeline, the J-shaped pipe comprises that a long straight tube and a short bend pipe is linked to be an integral body, terminal overhung one flat board at short bend pipe, hit on the flat board when water leaves the when pipe spray of J-shape, form fountain shape and fall on the filtration medium.
13. a method that adopts the water treatment system producing drinking water in next life of filtration medium multicomponent, that have positive electrostatic attraction may further comprise the steps:
One electronic sensing device is set in water treatment system, is used for controlling the processing parameter that at least one can be surveyed,
Reception is from input signal electronic sensing device in the machine, the parameter that detected of representative,
After receiving input signal, make the element at least one water treatment system produce action.
14., comprise also that wherein a high water level sensor and the low water level sensor on the machine of being located at is used for controlling flow and controlled filter and the process recycling that enters water treatment system according to the method for claim 13.
15., comprise also that wherein being contained in a medium plane transmitter waterborne is used for the back washing process of controlled filter medium according to the method for claim 13.
16. a device that is used for producing tap water comprises:
A power supply,
Source of mechanical energy that is connected with power supply is used for from the water source being released in the top of Filter column water suction one intake pipeline and with water,
The filtration medium with a positive electrostatic attraction that is positioned at Filter column inside is used for attracting the suspended solids in the water, thereby produces the filtered water with low opacity,
One extends to the recirculation line at Filter column top from the tap water storage tank, and wherein filtered water flows into Filter column and carries out recirculation, inhales by filtration medium and removes extra suspended solids, thereby the opacity of filtered water is further reduced.
17. the device according to claim 16 also comprises:
A purification tank that is installed in the filtered water pipeline top of leaving from Filter column wherein has sterilizing agent and is used for sterilised filtration water producing the tap water that its content of microorganisms is about O sieve shape organism/100 milliliters,
One extends to the back washing pipeline of Filter column bottom from the tap water storage tank, and wherein tap water flows into back washing that Filter column carries out filtration medium and removes suspended solids in the filtration medium,
An air compressor is used for supplying the bottom that pressurized air enters Filter column, together filtration medium is carried out back washing with tap water.
18. device according to claim 17, also comprise a central controller of receiving on the power supply, wherein central controller is to reacting to determine whether water treatment system should enter filtration step, recirculation step from the input signal of the most significant digit face sensor in the high water level sensor in the tap water storage tank and low water level sensor and the Filter column, or the back washing step.
19. according to the device of claim 17, comprise that also one is connected on the timer on the power supply, wherein water treatment system is set at the very low time of tap water usage quantity and carries out back washing.
20. according to the device of claim 17, wherein a kind of sterilizing agent of choosing from the sterilizing agent group of chlorine, iodine, ozone and dioxide peroxide of filtered water utilization purifies.
21. according to the device of claim 16, wherein filtration medium is to select from the filtration medium group who comprises magnesium dioxide, aluminium dioxide and sand.
22. according to the device of claim 16, wherein the opacity of tap water is about 0.5～5 nephelometer opacity unit (NTU).
23., comprise that also a mesh screen in the intake pipeline is used for preventing that fragment from entering intake pipeline and a float in the intake pipeline end is used for keeping the end of intake pipeline to swim in the water surface according to the device of claim 16.
24. device according to claim 16, water wherein to be filtered is released to the top of a J-shape pipe, a straight tube that J-shape Guan Youyi is long and a short bend pipe are linked to be an integral body, at short bend pipe end overhung one flat board, so that the water slug of leaving from J-shape pipe forms fountain shape and falls on the filtration medium to flat board.
25. a device that is used for producing tap water in the storage tank comprises:
One filtration medium with positive electrostatic attraction is used for attracting suspended solids, producing filtered water and to supply with storage tank,
A recirculator that links to each other with aqua storage tank with filtration medium is used for making water recirculation to produce the filtered water of process recirculation by filtration medium.
26. the device according to claim 25 also comprises:
One is used for filtration medium is carried out back washing with back washing device that filtration medium links to each other with aqua storage tank, is filtered the suspended solids that medium is attracted to remove.
A sterilizer that links to each other with aqua storage tank is used for providing sterilizing agent to the tap water in the storage tank.
27. the method with water treatment system producing drinking water in next life may further comprise the steps:
Need not to adopt condensing agent pretreated water and utilize at least a filtration medium with positive electrostatic attraction to come filtered water chemically, the suspended solids that makes q.s is sucked away and produces the filtered water with a low opacity,
Filtered water is purified the morbific organism of removing q.s and produces tap water.
28. the device in order to the production tap water comprises:
First Filter column with top and bottom,
Be used for being discharged into the device at the first Filter column top, wherein need not to come water is carried out Chemical Pretreatment with condensing agent from the water source pump up water with water,
First filtration medium in the first Filter column inside, it has a positive electrostatic attraction and is used for siphoning away that the suspended solids of q.s produces the filtered water with low opacity in the water,
A cleaner that links to each other with first Filter column is used for removing the morbific organism of q.s and produces tap water.
29. device according to claim 28, also comprise second filtration medium that is placed in second Filter column, second Filter column is located between first Filter column and the cleaner, it also has a upper end and a lower end, wherein enter the upper end of second Filter column from the filtered water of first Filter column lower end output, second filtration medium wherein also has the suspended solids that a positive electrostatic attraction siphons away remnants in the filtered water in addition, thereby further reduce the opacity in the filtered water, and then purify.
30. device according to claim 29, wherein second Filter column comprises several placed in-line second Filter columns that are connected into, each all has a upper end and a lower end, and each contains multiple filtration medium with positive electrostatic attraction and is used for siphoning away suspended solids remaining in the filtered water, thereby the opacity of filtered water is further reduced, and then purify.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97196026 CN1223605A (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-04-29 | Drinking water filtration system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/642,535 | 1996-05-03 | ||
| CN 97196026 CN1223605A (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-04-29 | Drinking water filtration system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1223605A true CN1223605A (en) | 1999-07-21 |
Family
ID=5179516
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97196026 Pending CN1223605A (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-04-29 | Drinking water filtration system |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1223605A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109932198A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-06-25 | 中国家用电器研究院 | Circulating water supply system is used in a kind of test of water purifier |
-
1997
- 1997-04-29 CN CN 97196026 patent/CN1223605A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109932198A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-06-25 | 中国家用电器研究院 | Circulating water supply system is used in a kind of test of water purifier |
| CN109932198B (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-09-25 | 中国家用电器研究院 | Circulating water supply system for water purifier testing |
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