CN1223355A

CN1223355A - Smokeless and energy-saving thermal power generating technology and apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN1223355A
Application number: CN 98100019
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黎英豪
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-01-12
Filing date: 1998-01-12
Publication date: 1999-07-21

Abstract

The present invention relates to a thermal power generation technology and its installation with installed capacity of 6-600 KW, aimed at providing a pollution-free, energy-saving and clean new energy source free from discharge of flue gas. Its principle is characterized by that (1) using specific catalyst and catalyst promoter to convert CO2 into the CO which can be burned to generate power; (2) burning CO to produce CO2, and returning CO2 into the conversion equipment to produce CO again ......., so that said operation is enclosed-circulated, and does not produce discharge; (3). firstly, CO2 is formed into plasma state by means of electromagnetic excitation so as to raise conversion speed and convesion efficiency. Its main technical characteristics are: (1). conversion efficiency of CO2-CO is 98%-100%; (2) cost for power generation operation is 3-10% of that of existent coal-fired power generation; (3). new-added special-purpose equipment cost is 10-15% of that of total cost of power generation installation with identical capacity.

Description

Thermal power generation technology and device without smoke emission and energy saving

The invention relates to a thermal power generation technology and a thermal power generation device which do not discharge smoke and are energy-saving. It is suitable for use in heat power plant (station) with 0.6-60 ten thousand kilowatt units.

At present, most countries in the world mainly use coal-fired power generation, thecoal-fired power generation in China accounts for 75-80% of the total electric quantity, and the flue gas of the power generation boilers discharges a large amount of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide. The sulfur dioxide forms harmful acid rain, and a large amount of carbon dioxide gas is discharged and released into the atmosphere, the amount discharged worldwide is 154-2250 hundred million tons each year, the heat of the earth is covered like a greenhouse, the temperature of the earth rises, the sea level rises, the earth is submerged in coastal areas, the climate abnormality of the earth and the ecological environment are deteriorated, and the method is more obvious in recent years. And CO₂Can be retained in the atmosphere for decades without disappearance, and the various countries continue to discharge a large amount of the water, which is a catastrophic global greenhouse effect.

United nations held international meetings in brazil and japan in 1992, 1997, respectively, specifically studied solutions, but had not found effective measures, but negotiated limits of carbon dioxide emissions in various countries, and deployed international treaties.

The invention aims to design a smoke-free emission (no CO)₂No SO₂) The clean new energy is used for thermal power generation, has low investment and operation cost, and is suitable for the requirements of 0.6-60 ten thousand kilowatt thermal power stations in developing countries.

The principle features of the invention are as follows: [1]Using special catalyst and cocatalyst to make CO of combustion product smoke gas₂Conversion to CO, 2, which can be combusted to generate electricity]CO produced by combustion of CO₂Returning to the conversion device and converting into CO … …, which belongs to thermal power generation, but has no smoke emission [3]]CO₂The plasma is excited by electromagnetism and then the conversion reaction is carried out, so as to improve the conversion speed and the conversion efficiency.

The main technical performance of the invention is as follows: (1) CO 2₂The conversion efficiency of the → CO is 98-100%, (2) the operating cost of power generation is 3-10% of that of coal-fired power generation, and (3) the investment of newly added special equipment is 10-15% of the total cost of power generation equipment with the same capacity, and the investment of the special equipment can be recovered in half a year.

Through patent search at home and abroad, no related technology is found.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the cycle operation of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram of the components of a plant, FIG. 3 is a diagram of a crystalline graphite catalyst device, FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2.

The device comprises a conversion device 1, a catalyst mesh cage 2, an axial flow fan 3, a circulating pipeline 4, a waste heat boiler 5, a small-sized turbonator 6, a gas burner 10, a gas boiler 7, a large-sized turbonator 8, a plasma microwave device 11 and the like (figure 2).

In thermal power generation, coal (or gas) is adopted, and a combustion reaction is carried out: … … (1) this is an irreversible chemical reaction, only the forward (left to right) reaction producingCO₂And release heat; without (or with extreme difficulty) reaction in the reverse direction (right to left), i.e. CO₂Reversible reversion to CO is difficult (or impossible) and so far, the predecessors and prior art have not caused such reversible reactions.

The contribution of the invention lies in realizing the reverse reaction, and the process is simpler, the operation cost is very low, and the invention is particularly important when being applied to industrial thermal power generation to create a clean new energy:

the equation ② is the operation principle of the present invention, and is possible under certain conditions, and the equation (2), which is essentially a decomposition reaction (or dissociation), must first make CO₂The gas is in an active state (i.e., easily dissociated state) -a gas plasma state.

The plasma is the fourth state of the matter except gas, liquid and solid states, and many chemical combination or decomposition reactions are difficult to carry out in molecular and atomic states, but can be instantly and rapidly completed in a plasma state. For gaseous CO₂This is especially true with catalysts.

Said CO₂Is in a plasma state, and is prepared by using microwave discharge technology to make CO₂In the microwave electromagnetic, CO₂Is accelerated to a high energy sufficient to dissociate the gas, which is broken down by the microwave discharge to form a plasma. The microwave electric field is formed by a microwave device 11 (fig. 2, fig. 3), the core element of which is a magnetron (klystron is used for high power).

The special catalyst is crystal graphite 15 (figure 3-5) which is made to be granular (about phi 10), and the special catalyst promoter is an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy containing rare earth element yttrium, which is formed into a belt shape (the section is 15 multiplied by 1)19 or a thread shape (phi 2)2, and is also formed into a short column shape (phi 10 multiplied by 10) 14.

The crystal graphite conversion device (figure 3) is provided with a central electrode 16 in the center and a circle electrode 13 on the periphery, the two electrodes are cavity water cooled, are respectively provided with a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a power supply lead 17, are added with 24-80V alternating current working voltage, work at 900 ℃ and are self-controlled, the bottom of the electrode is provided with a grid and a screen 18 (figure 3), and the material of the crystal graphite conversion device is yttrium-containing iron-chromium-aluminum. The space between the two electrodes is filled with crystalline graphite 15 and a promoter 14, which is in the shape of a short column of 10 cut long strips (10) of yttrium-containing iron-chromium-aluminum, the volume ratio of 15 to 14 being 10: 1. 12 are heat-insulating refractory bricks.

An iron-chromium-aluminum conversion device (fig. 2 and 5) is provided, in which a band-shaped iron-chromium-aluminum (yttrium-containing) 19 is fixed to a firebrick 12, a mesh cage 2 (made of yttrium-containing iron-chromium-aluminum) knitted with phi 2 strands is placed on the bottom of the

firebrick

18 and 18, and the mesh openings 5 x 5 of the

crystal graphite

15 and 2 are filled in the mesh cage 2. The heating element 19 is star-connected and the working voltage is 380V in three phases. The conversion device was operated at a constant temperature of 900 c (automatic temperature control).

The conversion device has two types of arches which are selectively used: (1) a crystal graphite conversion device (airflow is from top to bottom), and (2) an iron-chromium-aluminum conversion device (airflow is from bottom to top).

Said CO₂→ CO conversion cycle power generation, the whole process is as follows:

1. a starting stage: after a gas fuel (natural gas or coal gas) and combustion air (shown in figure 2) which are prepared in advance are fed from a gas burner 10 and ignited, a high-temperature flame 9 heats a gas boiler and prepares for power generation, and CO generated by the combustion of gas CO₂Is sent to the conversion device 1 (fig. 2), CO, via the circulation duct 4 and the axial fan 3₂The gas flow is converted into CO, the temperature of the gas flow is 900 ℃, the CO gas flow transmits the heat to a waste heat boiler 5 and drives a small gas turbine generator 6 to work, the generated electric quantity is mainly supplied to the conversion device 1, the redundant electric quantity is supplied to other places in a workshop, when the conversion device is started, the external power grid supplies power to the conversion device 1, after the conversion device is started and operated for a period of time, the external electric energy is not needed, and the internal part of the equipment system automatically supplies power to solve the problem.

2. And (3) a normal cycle operation stage: after the equipment is started and operated for a period of time, when the gas boiler 7 enters a normal working state, the gas boiler and the large-scale steam turbine generator 8 start to generate electricity, strong electric power is output through an external power grid, the number of the sets with different specifications is 0.6-60 ten thousand kilowatts, and when a plurality of sets are operated in parallel, the capacity can be expanded and output.

Enter intoIn normal operation, in the hearth of 7, CO is burnt and heated to become CO₂Through axial flow fan 3 and circulation pipe 4, CO₂Is sent to the converter 1 and converted back to CO, and the high-temperature gas flow at 900 ℃ transfers heat to the waste heat boiler 5 to generate electricity (for supply 1). The CO continues to flow through the gas burner 10 into the 7 hearth for combustion, with the combustion air inlet being assisted at the side of 10. Combustion of CO and formation of CO₂,CO₂The conversion is changed back to CO … …, and the cycle is continued indefinitely, and the power generation output is carried out indefinitely. Because of closed circulation, no smoke is discharged, and no pollution is caused. The operating cost is very low.

The special catalyst crystal graphite is high-strength graphite, the basic component is carbon which only plays a role in catalysis and induction and does not participate in chemical reaction:

plasma body Wherein, individual carbon molecules participate in the induction action, and the reversible reaction is as follows:

the special catalyst promoter containing yttrium, iron, chromium and aluminum, which is used for assisting the catalysis of graphite carbon, does not participate in the reaction (no consumption).

The infinite long-term cyclic reaction power generation only feeds disposable gas fuel at the start of starting, and can generate power in a permanent cycle without feeding any fuel when the gas fuel is in normal operation, but the gas fuel is not an energy perpetual motion machine.

After long-term operation, the CO content in the gas flow is reduced, which is caused by leakage of a pipeline interface, permeation and adsorption of equipment and the like, so that the gas flow cannot be circulated permanently, but the atmospheric component contains 0.4 percent of CO₂The small quantity of combustion air introduced at the side of the CO burner 10 entrains this CO₂Increase some exogenous CO once per cycle₂Converted to newly added CO, for example: when the operation is started, the CO content in the airflow is 30%, the CO content is improved to 34-38% after the annual cycle operation, namely the CO content is increased by 4-8%, therefore, a CO storage large gas tank is arranged in the pipeline system,after pressurization, the steel cylinder is filled with CO, and the CO is sold on the market as a by-product, so that the operation cost is further reduced. The important significance lies in that: not only has no CO₂Discharging CO, and consuming CO in atmosphere₂Is beneficial to reducing the greenhouse effect.

Due to the proceeding of said reaction formula (2):

the product has a corresponding amount of O in addition to CO₂(oxygen), when the mixed gas reaches the combustor 10, the combustion condition of oxygen is already provided, the amount of the combustion air △ Q1 required to be added is not large, so the amount of the gas added in the pipeline system per circulation is not large, the CO output in the system is not pure CO, but the mixed gas in the pipeline (the components are CO 34-38%, O is₂17～19％,N₂43-49%) of the gas output is △ Q₂The system can be operated normally and indefinitely with a steady state of equilibrium by automatic control in the pipeline of △ Q1 ≈ △ Q2, the ignition point of the gas of this composition is around 800 deg.C, and the slave switching device 1Although the temperature of the discharged gas is 900 ℃, the gas flow immediately enters a water cooling pipeline of the waste heat boiler 5, and the temperature of the gas flow immediately drops to 300-400 ℃, so that the gas flow cannot spontaneously combust in the pipeline, and only when the gas flow reaches the combustor 10, the gas flow starts to combust and generate heat after being ignited at high temperature.

The technology of the invention can be used by only modifying the original boiler into the gas boiler 7 in the original coal-fired power plant.

The technology of the invention is most suitable for waste incineration treatment. Because the garbage has less combustible components and can not be burnt, a large amount of solid or gas liquid fuel must be continuously added, the cost is very high, the technical equipment is applied, the infinite circulating combustion can be realized in an operation system, the burning is more vigorous, inexhaustible clean energy is provided for the garbage incineration treatment, and CO products (bottled) can be obtained.

Claims

1. The thermal power generation technology and device without smoke discharge and energy saving mainly includes conversion device, catalyst, cocatalyst, microwave plasma device, afterheat boiler, gas boiler, small and large turbine generator, axial flow fan, circulating pipeline, etc. The method is characterized in that:

1) the conversion device 1 is internally provided with a crystal graphite catalyst 15 and a cocatalyst 14 of iron, chromium and aluminum containing rare earth element yttrium, and a working alternating current is connected to a power supply lead of the conversion device.

2) Said CO₂In the plasma state, the microwave magnetron 11 generates an electric field to ionize the gas. To increase CO₂Conversion rate and conversion efficiency of → CO.

2. The non-smoke emission energy-saving thermal power generation technology and device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

1) when the operation is started, only gas fuel is fed into the gas boiler 7 for combustion and power generation at one time, and the flue gas CO is combusted₂Is sent to the conversion device for feeding CO through a circulation pipeline 4₂And converting the CO, burning the CO again and converting the CO again, so that the power is generated in an infinite cycle without adding fuel and smoke emission.

2) Atmospheric CO entrained in the combustion air entering through the gas burner 10₂Component(s) to supplement CO (or CO) during plant circulation₂) So that the equipment can be circulated permanently without power generation.

3. The non-smoke emission energy-saving thermal power generation technology and device as claimed in claims 1 and 2, which is characterized in that:

1) the CO gas stream coming out of the converter 1, which has a high temperature of 900 ℃, transfers heat to the waste heat boiler 5 and drives the small turbogenerator 6, the generated electricity being supplied to the converter 1 for energy self-supply.

2) The structure of the conversion device 1 has two types: a crystal graphite converter and an iron-chromium-aluminum (yttrium-containing) converter.

4. The thermal power generation technology and device without smoke emission and energy saving according to the claims 1, 2 and 3 are characterized in that:

1) the technology of the invention can be used by only modifying the original boiler into the gas boiler 7 in the original coal-fired power plant.

2) When the technology of the invention is applied to waste incineration, once ignition is started, disposable gas fuel is fed into a gas burner, and after ignition, the burning is more vigorous under infinite circulation.