CN1221799C - Identifying recycable carpet materials using hand-held infrared spectrometer - Google Patents
Identifying recycable carpet materials using hand-held infrared spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0229—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using masks, aperture plates, spatial light modulators or spatial filters, e.g. reflective filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/02—Mechanical
- G01N2201/022—Casings
- G01N2201/0221—Portable; cableless; compact; hand-held
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
- G01N2201/129—Using chemometrical methods
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for use in the recylcing of post consumer or post industrial waste carpet or Polyamide-6 and/or Polyamide-66 containing non-carpet waste utilizes a hand-held portable device utilizing spectroscopic principles to accurately and quickly identify the material of the waste (carpet). The spectrometer envisioned for this task includes an infrared radiation source for illuminating the waste (carpet) sample, a selector for selecting a predetermined number of discrete wavelengths and a detection system to detect reflected radiation within the discrete wavelengths. The selector can be either a plate with a plurality of slots which positionally correspond to locations in a dispersed light beam according to the predetermined discrete wavelengths or a plurality of filters selected to pass the discrete wavelengths. The selection of the discrete wavelengths can either take place before the carpet sample is irradiated or can take place by selecting the discrete wavelengths from reflected radiation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of usefulness infrared (IR) spectrometer and identify the method and apparatus of the discarded carpet veneer of consumer or industrial mistake, specifically relate to a kind of method that adopts a hand-held infrared spectrometer to identify the discarded carpet veneer of consumer or industrial mistake, this IR spectrometer has an IR radioactive source, it is with the carpet veneer of IR radiation irradiation consumer or industrial mistake, also has selector switch and IR detection system that is used to survey by the light of the carpet veneer of consumer or industrial mistake reflection of the discrete wavelength of a radiation that is used to select predetermined number.The present invention also relates to a kind of method and apparatus that is used to identify the material that contains polyamide-6 and polyamide-66, wherein used the hand-held IP spectrometer that is used for the polyamide classification.
Background technology
Reclaim the discarded carpet veneer material of consumer or industrial mistake, require according to the discarded carpet veneer material classification of the type of the surface fiber that is used to make carpet veneer with consumer or industrial mistake.Run through the application, the applicant will mention " the discarded carpet veneer that the consumer used " repeatedly, the applicant is used as it as generic term and comes usefulness, and it not only comprises the discarded carpet veneer of consumer and industrial mistake, but also comprises the obsolete material that contains polyamide-6 and polyamide-66.
Current, carpet veneer uses the surface fiber that is got by the following material production, and the compounding substances of polyamide-6, polyamide-66, polypropylene, animal wool and these material composites is arranged.In order successfully to reclaim, just must accurately identify the type of the employed surface fiber of carpet veneer at an easy rate.
A kind ofly identify that the method for carpet veneer is to stamp a mark at the carpet veneer back side.Unfortunately, though in all possible method, this is need not certification, and it needs carpet veneer just to do mark when making.Therefore, even just begin now to mark, according to the predicted life of the carpet veneer of having done mark, this method can not reach in the time in about ten years all effective.And during the carpet veneer that is used to glue together, this method just can not be satisfactory, because the back side of gummed carpet veneer may be damaged, this will smear the discriminating mark, makes it be difficult to identification.
In addition, adopt the method for searching surface fiber fusing point to identify that the carpet veneer type also is possible.But this authentication method is inappropriate, because it can not distinguish the material of polyester and polyamide-66.And the potpourri of the surface fiber of number of different types can't be distinguished.Also is incomplete with the fusing point of carpet veneer material as the device of diagnostic characteristics, because they need a long preheating time usually, has so just reduced efficient, but also dangerous, because they must have heater block.
The third method that evaluation is used in the surface mass type of a specific discarded carpet veneer sample is to use spectrometer.As known technology, use the vibration light splitting technology (as in infrared and near infrared spectrometer), can differentiate different materials.Particularly, near infrared spectrometer is a known method, for example, is used for the classification of bottle.The IR spectrometer can be used for transparent material, and method is to analyze the radiation of transmission; Can be used for also that radiation is opaque material to IR, method is to analyze by the scattered radiation of its reflection.For consistent with optic conventional process, the application just is called " light " with the IR radiation sometimes.
Concerning near infrared range (800～2500nm) and middle infra-red range (2500～25000nm), the IR spectrometer is commonly used on the material feature base to identify and definite amount of material that their absorb the characteristic decision of material or the reflection certain wavelengths.Under many situations, concerning different materials, these characteristic frequencies only have minute differences.Therefore, use the spectrometer of high spectral resolution just very important, particularly when attempting to differentiate the multiple material that mixes.
IR spectrometer generally includes a source of sending radiation in required wavelength coverage and such as the auxiliary optics of lens and catoptron, the latter makes radiation become has a branch of light and the lead beam of suitable shape and size to pass optical path.As a rule, the component parts of all spectrometers all will be put in the outer cover, preferably with its sealing, prevents that like this dust from influencing parts.
Light source is preferably put a reflex housing into, and spectrometer can obtain light as much as possible like this.Light source is preferably put in the optical box, so that light sends and shines on the target substance from spectrometer by the optical clear window.This optical clear window can be, such as materials such as glass or high-quality quartz, the centering infra-red range can also be by such as KBr, KCl, ZnSe, KRS
5, CaF
2Or MgF
2Deng the material of making.
This light beam projects test substance somewhere.The radiation that is reflected is collected, and forms to have required cylindrical shape, projects a detection system at last.This detection system generally includes a detector, the intensity of its energy measurement incident radiation.Several detectors that may be used near infrared range comprise PbS and InGaAs detector, and the detector that may be used for infra-red range comprises the detector of (DTGS) being made by deuterate triglycine sulfate (deuterized triglycinesulphate).
The IR spectrometer has several fundamental types, and wherein two types are discussed below.First type, the radiation that is reflected chooses discrete wavelength by different optical filters (it is transparent to a particular range of wavelengths only), and second type, the IR radiation of a branch of reflection is disperseed and shines on the diode array.Unfortunately, have this character and have the diode array of enough resolution characteristiies very expensive, in the treatment facility of downstream (downstream), select required wavelength must occur in a back stage from absorption spectrum, this will increase the quantity of using the required auxiliary electronic equipment of spectrometer.
Reflection or the light intensity of emission and the relation between the wavelength are referred to as spectrum from a predetermined substance.Detector is connected to a disposal system, and this disposal system is converted to the available spectrum form of user or computing machine with detectable signal, such as curve or digital value.
Usually, it is very big to be used for the difference of infrared and near infrared spectrum of dissimilar fibers of carpet veneer.But the difference of the spectrum of polyamide-6 and polyamide-66 is but very little: middle infrared spectrum partly is identical, and the near infrared spectrum part only has fine difference in 2000～2500nm spectral range.
Adopt the obtainable appraise quality of given spectrometer system to be represented as Mahalanobis distance (MD), described Mahalanobis distance is the distance of " center to center " between the different light beams relevant with the beam divergence degree.In order to separate better, minimum MD value approximately need be 6, but ideal value should be greater than 10.
Unfortunately, though Ghosh and Rogers (Melliand Textilberichte 5,1988, the 361-364 page or leaf) points out, scanning spectrometer in their system for telling polyamide-6 and polyamide-66 fibers, can obtain good MD value (MD=18), but the size of scanning spectrometer and price make the very improper carpet veneer recovery operation that is used for of this cover system.
Ghosh and Rogers also represent, use a Bran﹠amp; Luebbe (original name Technicon) InfraAlyzer 500C adds the combination of 3 optical filters (2250,2270 and 2310nm), might identify the nylon 6 and the nylon 66 fiber that are used for the carpet veneer product.
These report conclusions have been covered the complicacy of the work of identifying, because parcel and pollution have how different fibrous matters with the carpet veneer of crossing compared with new carpet veneer.Such as, in the discarded sample of the carpet veneer that 113 consumers used, take out equally, use same 3 optical filters to observe it, the MD value that the applicant finds to obtain is between 4 and 1.2, and this depends on the resolution characteristic of spectrometer.As mentioned above, the result with this specific character obviously is not enough to do accurate classification in different carpet veneer samples.Therefore, also the no one declares to use a kind of cheapness, small-sized and hand-held spectrometer based on selecting wavelength to differentiate the discarded carpet veneer that dissimilar consumers used.
Equally, though the cheap spectrometer based on the IR optical filter of hand-held as application-specific can obtain from the market, spectrometer such as the water cut that can be used for measuring different material, but, nobody has developed a kind of hand-held spectrometer, it can differentiate different carpet veneer surface mass types satisfactorily, reclaims the discarded carpet veneer that the consumer used so that this spectrometer is applicable to.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method of using hand-held IR spectrometer to be used for analyzing reliably the discarded carpet veneer that the consumer used.For reaching this purpose, the present invention uses a hand-held spectrometer, and it can be measured a plurality of discrete wavelength with enough resolution.
The present invention at first provides a kind of and has been used to analyze the consumer with discarded carpet veneer that cross or industrial mistake or comprise the polyamide-6 of the discarded object of non-carpet veneer and/or the hand-held infrared spectrometer of polyamide-66, and it comprises: the infrared origin with the illuminated with infrared radiation discarded object; Be used to select the selector switch of some discrete wavelengths; Be used to survey the infrared detection system of described discrete wavelength.
The present invention also provides a kind of and has been used to analyze the consumer with discarded carpet veneer that cross or industrial mistake or comprise the polyamide-6 of non-carpet veneer discarded object and/or the hand-held infrared spectrometer of polyamide-66, and it comprises: one is used for the infrared origin of illuminated with infrared radiation to the sample discarded object; One comprises many filter systems that are used for only transmitting the optical filter of predetermined wavelength; And detection system that is used to survey the radiation that transmits by filter system.
The present invention also provides a kind of and has been used to distinguish dissimilar consumers with discarded carpet veneer that cross or industrial mistake or comprise the method for the polyamide-6 and/or the polyamide-66 of non-carpet veneer discarded object, and it comprises the steps: to provide an aforesaid hand-held infrared spectrometer; Use this hand-held infrared spectrometer to confirm the type of waste material.
In this respect, two kinds of hand-held spectrometers can have been predicted.First kind of hand-held spectrometer can be measured a plurality of discrete wavelengths with high resolving power by using a radiation selector switch, this radiation selector switch is dispersed radiation and is come, and the plane by using to need the position upper shed of the discrete wavelength chosen in corresponding to divergent radiation.Therefrom choose discrete wavelength.
Second kind of hand-held spectrometer be a plurality of discrete wavelengths of energy measurement also, but have been to use optical filter, and this optical filter can make specific selection wavelength pass through, and reclaim professional to be used for carpet veneer.
According to will adopting the application of spectrometer, the near infrared of a series of samples or the frequency spectrum of middle infra-red range will be with high-resolution spectrometer records in addition.These high-resolution frequency spectrums are used for determining the combination of uptake on different wave length, and this can produce and be used for a kind of polymkeric substance from another the enough information that distinguishes.Under the situation that carpet veneer reclaims, for instance, people may like to know that whether a carpet veneer is made by polypropylene, polyamide-6, polyamide-66 or tygon terephthalate (PET).
The uptake of detector should contrast the reference material of a known substance and check.Be applicable to reference material, for instance, little earthenware slab and teflon flat board arranged in the scattered reflection of near infrared range.
Uptake is calculated with following formula:
A
λ=log (I
λ (sample)/ I
λ (reference material)) ... (1)
A in this formula
λBe the uptake when wavelength is λ, I
λBe the light velocity of wavelength when being λ.The mathematical method of employing standard just can draw an absorption quantitative analysis based on different wave length, and this analysis can be used for identifying and/or definite sample size with chemical measure.The chemical measure that is used to identify is for example, the existing description in 5 (1986) 361 pages of people's such as Ghosh Melliand Textilberichte.
In order to identify the sample of different carpet veneer types, can do a mathematical analysis to set up the built-up pattern of wavelength, it can guarantee to obtain best separation between different evaluation materials.Concerning a series of carpet veneer that used and unworn, can near infrared range, make the record of spectrum with the resolution of 2nm.Employing for a plurality of wavelength (such as 3 wavelength X 1, λ 2, λ 3) the beam analysis that might make up calculate this separation.
In order to accomplish this point, can be calculated such as the value of A (λ 2)-A (λ 1) and A (λ 3)-A (λ 2), A λ is the uptake when specific wavelength herein.When these values are depicted on the figure, be shown as the discrete beams of different material in the different wave length combination.When separating better between the wave beam, disintegrate-quality just increases thereupon.Finish optimum the separation by the selection of several wavelength (such as 3 kinds) combination, for example, the Mahalanobis distance between the 3 bundle light (4 different Mahalanobis distances are arranged in them) is three kinds of maximum wavelength.
In order to separate polyamide-6, polyamide-66, PET and polypropylene, be shown as best in the combination of the uptake at 2432,2452 and 2478 places.Adopt this method, then just can determine that for concrete application which kind of discrete wavelength should be measured, so that use spectrometer of the present invention clearly to distinguish different materials.Then, adopt the normalized optical computing method,, can calculate the position of dull and stereotyped upper shed at an easy rate according to the extremely concrete combination of dull and stereotyped spacing or the like condition of grating, incident opening, grating.
Adopt the technology of a kind of being known as " genetic algorithms (genetic algorithm) ", can carry out more deep, optimization widely with mathematical method.In this technology, adopt a fine scanning spectrometer with high frequency spectrum resolution and high s/n ratio can obtain the complete frequency spectrum of different samples.This group frequency spectrum is converted the worse situation of stimulation frequency resolution that is used for (for example, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm and 40nm), because the resolution of cheap portable equipment is lower than the spectrometer of research grade, and the precision that the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of portable equipment and wavelength are selected all will be hanged down.Therefore, these influences must take in selecting the wavelength process.
In the genetic algorithms optimizing process, the mode that optimal conditions can any desired defines.For example, optimal conditions can be arranged to: making the MD value of polyamide-6 and polyamide-66 is maximal value, makes the minimum value of the MD value of polyamide-6 and other types of materials be maximum, makes all MD values for maximum, or the like.
Use the genetic algorithms technology to carry out an experiment.In first example, select to make between the material of polyamide-6 and other type the MD minimum value of (between polyamide-6 and the polyamide-66, between polyamide-6 and the tygon, between polyamide-6 and the PET) to be maximum.The deviation of selecting wavelength to allow is made as ± 6nm, and spectral resolution is confirmed as 16nm, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is made as 200.
Adopt following parameter to select 4 wavelength: 2382,2430,2452,2472, thus produce following result:
MD: polyamide-6-polyamide-66 is 8.2-11.8
MD: polyamide-6-PET is 16.5-22.5
MD: polyamide-6-tygon is 8.2-11.9
Below the IR spectrometer will be described according to the present invention.
IR spectrometer of the present invention first type has been proved to be to obtaining the wavelength coverage narrower than known spectra scope by incident radiation is dispersed." dispersing " herein is meant the spatial dispersion of the different wave length that produces in the radiation laser beam.A known device that is used for incident radiation beam is dispersed is exactly a grating.In first kind of spectrometer, grating is preferably static, and its density is between 100～4000 lines/mm.Use or do not use lens combination to reflect or transmitted light gathers together, make it enter grating between the input aperture of 100 to 1000 μ m by a size.
On arbitrary position, back, aperture, be associated with specific wavelength perpendicular to any point on the flat board of radiation direction.Like this, the spectral radiance part that the relevant position is passed in transmission or collection just can select the required wavelength that provides from spectrum.
Grating can be placed in the optical system so that the waste material reflection that light beam was used by the consumer.Reflected radiation can be collected, and for example, is collected in some detectors that are placed to correct position.The problem here is the smallest dimension of available detector, and it should make detector observe adjacent wavelength, as observing required wavelength.
In a most preferred embodiment of IR spectrometer of the present invention, this problem is by radiation is that opaque flat board selects discrete wavelength to solve to IR with one, this flat board is put between radiation source and the detection system, so that, do not have radiation energy to arrive detection system except by the opening on the flat board.Be provided with opening on flat board, its position is corresponding to the position of discrete wavelength to be selected in the chromatic dispersion radiation.
Opening on the flat board can be done very for a short time, and come what may, the minimum dimension than the detector that provides is also little basically.Opening on the flat board can be with very high precision location.Just can accurately from the dispersed light beam of radiation, select required wavelength by this way with very high resolution.
In the present embodiment, can put a detector by each opening back, perhaps adopt the transportable flat board in position and detector each other so that detector can in turn be put in the intensity of one by one measuring different wave length after each dull and stereotyped opening at flat board.In the case, the problem relevant with limited detector size can not occur, because the position of opening and size have determined that independently wavelength is selected and the resolution of spectrometer.
Also have the another one way, it can provide greater flexibility, and the same optical conductor of each opening that is about on the flat board links to each other, and by optical conductor radiation is sent to detection system.Here, may use discrete detector once more, perhaps single optical conductor also can be connected to such as in the system of rotating or tilting, before each optical conductor just can one by one be placed on single detector.In addition, detector should be movably, makes it to be put into different fixed light conductor fronts.
The motion of detector, perhaps the motion of inclination or rotary system is preferably controlled by computer system, and it also can handle measurement result.For example, these results can show with online mode on display screen.Adopt this mode, in the piece-rate system of material stream, the operator can shown in get involved wherein on the basis of numerical value.Computing machine can also be connected to and control the mechanical system in downstream.Measurement result also can be used for controlling production run.
In another embodiment, grating should be placed in the optical system of the radiation laser beam front that is incident upon on the measured material.Here, dispersed light passes a flat board that opening is arranged.The light of selecting with required wavelength shines on the material by optical conductor.Measuring catoptrical total amount can be used to analyze to determine the light of material type with acquisition.
Here, each opening on the flat board allows a kind of required wavelength to pass through.An optical conductor will transmit the light that passes through, and an end of this optical conductor is placed as the opening that is close on the flat board, and the other end is placed to can be with existing radiation aiming on the position of material.
Can finish process like this with existing ray aiming, for example, in rotary system that the optical conductor end is terminated, this rotary system when rotated, allow certain specific optical conductor irradiation material, simultaneously, other optical conductor is separated with material with optical means.By rotary system is appeared on some different positions in proper order, for example, use a stepping motor, the light of different wave length can sequentially shine on the material, and one by one measures the light of this wavelength.Provide a cover lens combination with method of optics, to guarantee that detected materials is by adequate illumination.
The optical conductor that is suitable for this cover system has optical fiber, and it is transparent for the infrared ray between 1000～2000nm.The high quality glass fiber that SiOH content is low is suitable for the infrared ray between 2000～2500nm.Chalkogenide or silver halide fiber are suitable for middle infra-red range.Also can use the transparent optical fiber of required wavelength coverage.The diameter of these optical fiber is preferably between 100 to 1000 μ m.
Position by the property calculation opening of the geometric position of required wavelength, spectrometer and grating.Required wavelength depends on to be detected and the material that separates, and they have determined the position of dull and stereotyped upper shed.Can adopt above-mentioned beam analysis to determine the position of opening.
IR spectrometer of the present invention second type adopts an optical filter combination that places on the filter wheel, and this filter wheel is driven with high speed (10-200Hz).Use this embodiment, with a series of light irradiation sample, collect the reflected light of scattering with lens, these light are conducted through filter wheel, and are surveyed with PbS or InGaAs detector.
Adopt filter wheel that the advantage of many uniquenesses is arranged.Such as, because in each swing circle, filter wheel shelters from light beam four times, the half-light of detector stream just can be sampled continually and be used for temperature deviation and other distortion of tuning detector.
The collection angle of native system should keep little angle, and preferably less than 5 °, less than 20nm, the signal of detection will be handled by the microprocessor on the plate with the spectral resolution that keeps optical filter.
In addition, optical filter can be used to choose presetted wavelength from infrared origin before the discarded carpet veneer sample that radiation irradiation was used to the consumer.In native system, the filter wheel rotation is come out by spectrometer with the infrared radiation that allows to have predetermined wavelength range.The light of emission is reflected by the waste and old carpet veneer sample that the user used, and is detected by detector.
If do not adopt filter wheel, also can use acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF).The AOTF device is based on sound-optical effect, promptly adopts ultrasound wave can make the light refractive index of medium change (referring to Laser Focus World, in May, 1992 number).Basically, the AOTF device all is a crystal, its receiving beam, and the wavelength of selecting in the frequency emission incident beam based on audio input signal.Adopt the AOTF device, can select wavelength, so just saved the moving-member relevant with filter wheel with the ultrasonic frequency that change acts on AOTF spare.
Description of drawings
With reference to the accompanying drawings to most preferred embodiment more detailed description of the present invention:
Fig. 1 is the side view according to the hand-held spectrometer of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the side view of hand-held spectrometer according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the side view of the hand-held spectrometer of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 4 is the side view of the hand-held spectrometer of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 5 is the side view of hand-held spectrometer according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the filter wheel that is used for hand-held spectrometer shown in Figure 5;
Fig. 7 is the side view of hand-held spectrometer according to a sixth embodiment of the present.
Embodiment
The border of radiation laser beam shows with dot-and-dash line in the drawings, and each light then dots.In Fig. 1, light source 1 places a reflex housing 2.The light that sends from light source 1 is guided and projects on the detected materials 3.Its reflected light is assembled by lens 4, and central light beam shines on the grating 6 by incident seam 5.This radiation is dispersed by grating 6 and is different wavelength.Dull and stereotyped 7 are put in the scattered radiation light beam, and opening 8 is arranged above, and this aperture position is corresponding to selected wavelength location in spectrum.First end of optical conductor 9 is placed on the opening 8 in dull and stereotyped 7, and the other end of optical conductor is inserted in the opening of selector switch flat board 10 one by one, and optical conductor terminates in planar surface 11.Selector switch flat board 10 can be moved by a stepping motor (not shown), make detector 12 can only observe light from a specific light conductor by the opening 13 on opaque dull and stereotyped 14, this opaque flat board insert in select dull and stereotyped 10 and detector 12 between.Detector 12 is connected to a disposal system (not shown).
Among Fig. 2, a light source 201 places a reflex housing 202.With convergence of rays, it is shone on the grating 206 by lens 204 by an inlet seam 205.Radiation is different wavelength by grating scattering.Flat board 207 is placed in the scattered radiation light beam, and this flat board has opening 208 on corresponding to the position of selecting wavelength.First end of optical conductor 209 is placed on the opening 208 of flat board 207.The other end of optical conductor is inserted on the selector switch flat board 210 successively, and optical conductor terminates in dull and stereotyped 210 surface 211.There is opaque dull and stereotyped 214 of opening 213 to be placed on one and selects dull and stereotyped back.This piece flat board 214 can be driven by a stepping motor (not shown), makes and has only the light that sends from a specific optical conductor can pass opening 213.Pass the light of opening 213 and assemble at lens 216 places, the radiation exposure of convergence is on detected materials 203.Assembled at lens 217 places by the material radiation reflected, shine then on the detector 202.Detector is connected to a disposal system (not shown).
IR spectrometer of the present invention can be done very small and exquisitely and be convenient to operation.As long as provide corresponding to the specific selection wavelength of material behavior, this IR spectrometer just can be widely, be advantageously used in the recovery field of plastic substance.
Fig. 3 is consistent with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively with Fig. 4 basically, and different is, and they have shown the situation that the light that passes specimen material is collected and measures in spectrometer.
Fig. 5 has shown second embodiment of device of the spectral quality of the discarded carpet veneer that is used for determining that the consumer used.Among Fig. 5, spectrometer 100 has a rotating filtering wheel 102, and it is driven by motor 104.
Emit beam by one or more lamps 106 and to project on the discarded carpet veneer sample 108 that a consumer used in spectrometer 100 1 sides.The light of sample 108 reflection is collected by lens 110, and is guided and passes rotating filtering wheel 102, is detected by a PbS or InGaAs detector 112 again.
Fig. 6 has shown an example of rotating filtering wheel 102.In this example, on rotating filtering wheel 102,4 optical filters 114 (A-D) are arranged.There is a hole 116 at the center of rotating filtering wheel 102, and the driving shaft 118 that motor 104 stretches out inserts this hole.
In operating process, motor 104 causes 102 rotations of rotating filtering wheel, makes the light that passes lens 110 come filtering according to the special properties of optical filter 114.Light behind detector 112 detection filterings, and for output the result circuit 120 signal is provided.
Fig. 7 is another example that adopts the spectrometer 100 of rotating filtering wheel 102, with above-mentioned different to be light filtered before shining the discarded carpet veneer sample 108 that the consumer used.As shown in Figure 7, light source 106 sends infrared ray, and this ray is by 102,104,118 filtering of a spin filter system.The predetermined wavelength ray sees through optical filter, and the ray of these wavelength leaves the spectrometer outer cover with scioptics 122.
After leaving the spectrometer outer cover, the radiation exposure of predetermined wavelength is on the discarded carpet veneer sample 108 that the consumer used and by its reflection.One or more detectors 112 are surveyed reflected light and are transmitted signals to the circuit 120 of exporting the result.Send the lens of light from spectrometer one side though only draw in this example, passing the light of optical filter can also be separated and leave spectrometer on different positions.
Can predict, clearly, the one skilled in the art can make other various improvement at an easy rate and not deviate from scope and spirit of the present invention.Correspondingly, this does not also mean that appendix will only limit in the description of front in this claim scope, on the contrary, these claims can be interpreted as comprising and belong to all characteristics that can obtain Patent right novelty that have of the present invention, comprise that all can be identified as the feature that is equal to by those skilled in the art in association area of the present invention.
Claims (22)
1. one kind is used to analyze the consumer with discarded carpet veneer that cross or industrial mistake or comprise the polyamide-6 of the discarded object of non-carpet veneer and/or the hand-held infrared spectrometer of polyamide-66, and it comprises:
Infrared origin (1,106) with the illuminated with infrared radiation discarded object;
Be used to select the selector switch (3,108) of some discrete wavelengths;
Be used to survey the infrared detection system (12,112) of described discrete wavelength.
2. according to the hand-held infrared spectrometer of claim 1, it is characterized in that described selector switch comprises that a dispersion means that makes the radiation chromatic dispersion and one are from being selected the discrete wavelength selector switch of discrete wavelength the radiation of chromatic dispersion.
3. according to the hand-held infrared spectrometer of claim 2, it is characterized in that, at radiation irradiation before the discarded object, with the radiation chromatic dispersion and select wavelength.
4. according to the hand-held infrared spectrometer of claim 2, it is characterized in that, at radiation irradiation after discarded object, with the radiation chromatic dispersion and select wavelength.
5. according to the hand-held infrared spectrometer of claim 4, it is characterized in that described selector switch is selected a plurality of discrete wavelengths from described discarded object radiation reflected.
6. according to the described hand-held infrared spectrometer of one of claim 2-5, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned discrete wavelength selector switch comprises a flat board (7) that opening (8) are arranged, the position of described opening is corresponding to by the position of selected discrete wavelength in the radiation of chromatic dispersion, this flat board is opaque to infrared radiation, it is positioned between radiation source (1) and the detection system (12), makes radiation except by just not arriving detection system the opening on this flat board.
7. according to the hand-held infrared spectrometer of claim 6, it is characterized in that above-mentioned detection system comprises many detectors, each detector is placed on the back of corresponding above-mentioned dull and stereotyped opening.
8. according to the hand-held infrared spectrometer of claim 6, it is characterized in that above-mentioned detection system comprises a plurality of openings detector afterwards that can be placed on above-mentioned flat board.
9. according to the hand-held infrared spectrometer of claim 7, it is characterized in that, also comprise an optical conductor system, there are many optical conductors (9) in this optical conductor system, and each optical conductor is connected to an opening part of above-mentioned flat board so that light is transferred to above-mentioned detection system by above-mentioned dull and stereotyped opening.
10. according to the hand-held infrared spectrometer of claim 9, it is characterized in that above-mentioned detection system comprises many detectors, each optical conductor all is connected to an above-mentioned detector place.
11. a kind of hand-held infrared spectrometer according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described detection system and optical conductor be relative movably so that above-mentioned optical conductor one by one transmission ray to detection system.
13. one kind is used to analyze the consumer with discarded carpet veneer that cross or industrial mistake or comprise the polyamide-6 of non-carpet veneer discarded object and/or the hand-held infrared spectrometer of polyamide-66, it comprises:
One is used for the infrared origin (106) of illuminated with infrared radiation to the sample discarded object (108),
One comprises many filter systems (102) that are used for only transmitting the optical filter of predetermined wavelength; And
A detection system (112) that is used to survey the radiation that transmits by filter system.
14. the hand-held infrared spectrometer according to claim 13 is characterized in that, to discarded object, above-mentioned filter system only transmits the predetermined wavelength in the matter sample reflected radiation that goes out of use to above-mentioned infrared origin with illuminated with infrared radiation.
15. the hand-held infrared spectrometer according to claim 13 is characterized in that, above-mentioned filtering system only transmits the predetermined wavelength in the thing radiation reflected that goes out of use.
16. the hand-held infrared spectrometer according to claim 13 is characterized in that, above-mentioned filtering system has used a rotating filtering wheel (102) that three or more optical filters are arranged.
17. hand-held infrared spectrometer according to one of claim 13-16, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned filter system has used a rotating filtering wheel (102) that four optical filters (114) are arranged, and these optical filters are transmission peak wavelength 2382nm ± 20nm, 2430nm ± 20nm, 2452nm ± 20nm and 2472nm ± 20nm respectively.
18. the hand-held infrared spectrometer according to claim 13 is characterized in that, above-mentioned filter system is a kind of acousto-optic tunable filter.
19. one kind is used to distinguish dissimilar consumers with discarded carpet veneer that cross or industrial mistake or comprise the method for the polyamide-6 and/or the polyamide-66 of non-carpet veneer discarded object, it comprises the steps:
The described hand-held infrared spectrometer as one of claim 1-18 is provided;
Use this hand-held infrared spectrometer to confirm the type of waste material.
20., it is characterized in that comprising according to the method for claim 19:
Infrared emitter from this hand-held infrared spectrometer sends illuminated with infrared radiation to the discarded object sample;
By using the infrared selector switch in this hand-held infrared spectrometer, select one group discrete wavelength from the matter sample radiation reflected that goes out of use, the step of this selection discrete wavelength comprises two sub-steps of using dispersion means chromatic dispersion reflected light and select one group of discrete wavelength from the chromatic dispersion radiation again; With
Survey discrete wavelength with the detector in the described hand-held infrared spectrometer.
21., it is characterized in that comprising according to the method for claim 19:
Infrared origin from this hand-held spectrometer sends the radiation with one group of predetermined wavelength, shine on the discarded object sample, by adopting dispersive device chromatic dispersion infrared radiation light beam to select predetermined wavelength, from divergent radiation, select the series of discrete wavelength to select above-mentioned predetermined wavelength; With
Adopt the detector in the hand-held infrared spectrometer to survey discrete wavelength.
22., it is characterized in that comprising according to the method for claim 19:
Send illuminated with infrared radiation to the discarded object sample from this hand-held infrared spectrometer intermediate infrared radiation source;
By using the radiation selector switch in this hand-held infrared spectrometer to select one group of discrete wavelength from the matter sample radiation reflected that goes out of use, the step of this selection discrete wavelength comprises substep again: with reflected radiation filtering so that radiation of this group predetermined wavelength is transferred to detector in the hand-held infrared spectrometer; With
Survey discrete wavelength with the detector in the hand-held infrared spectrometer.
23., it is characterized in that comprising according to the method for claim 19:
Infrared radioactive source from this hand-held infrared spectrometer sends the infrared radiation with one group of predetermined wavelength, shines on the discarded object sample, by adopting one group of optical filter the filtering of infrared radiation light beam is organized predetermined wavelength to select this; With
Survey discrete wavelength with the detector in this hand-held infrared spectrometer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1000738A NL1000738C2 (en) | 1995-07-06 | 1995-07-06 | Infrared spectrometer. |
| NL1000738 | 1995-07-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1195402A CN1195402A (en) | 1998-10-07 |
| CN1221799C true CN1221799C (en) | 2005-10-05 |
Family
ID=19761275
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB961966890A Expired - Fee Related CN1221799C (en) | 1995-07-06 | 1996-07-05 | Identifying recycable carpet materials using hand-held infrared spectrometer |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0836705A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11508689A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100460972B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1221799C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2226095A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9800206A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY118331A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1000738C2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW298614B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997002481A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102680416A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-09-19 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for fast detecting caffeine content of summer and autumn tea |
| CN104535526A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Linear gradual filter type handheld intelligent spectrometer based on microcomputer Edison |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6031233A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 2000-02-29 | Infrared Fiber Systems, Inc. | Handheld infrared spectrometer |
| EP0847524A4 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1999-10-13 | Infrared Fiber Syst Inc | Handheld infrared spectrometer |
| NL1006686C2 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1999-02-02 | Tno | Method and device for sorting carpet or similar textile pieces. |
| DE19820861B4 (en) * | 1998-05-09 | 2004-09-16 | Bruker Axs Gmbh | Simultaneous X-ray fluorescence spectrometer |
| WO2000064871A1 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-11-02 | Dsm N.V. | Process for nylon depolymerization |
| DE10011254C2 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2003-08-28 | Gusa Mbh | Process for the identification of the pile of textile materials, in particular for the identification of PA 6 and PA 66 in carpets |
| JP4054854B2 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2008-03-05 | 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Analysis of liquid samples using near infrared spectroscopy |
| US8044354B2 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2011-10-25 | The Boeing Company | Method for classifying resins types in carbon fiber reinforced plastic materials using IR spectroscopy |
| JP6235886B2 (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2017-11-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | Biological tissue image reconstruction method and apparatus, and image display apparatus using the biological tissue image |
| JP2019219419A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2019-12-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | Sample information acquisition system, data display system including the same, sample information acquisition method, program, and storage medium |
| JP2016028229A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-02-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | Data processing apparatus, data display system having the same, sample information acquisition system, data processing method, program, and storage medium |
| CN109425588B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2022-01-11 | 广州讯动网络科技有限公司 | Handheld device, method and computer-readable storage medium for quickly distinguishing huanglongbing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1034328A (en) * | 1951-03-22 | 1953-07-22 | Cie Radio Cinema | Apparatus for spectral chemical analyzes |
| US2823577A (en) * | 1951-08-10 | 1958-02-18 | Leeds & Northrup Co | Multiple slit spectrograph for direct reading spectrographic analysis |
| US3696247A (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1972-10-03 | Lionel D Mcintosh | Vehicle exhaust emissions analyzer |
| GB1392379A (en) * | 1972-08-17 | 1975-04-30 | Rank Organisation Ltd | Analytical apparatus |
| US4043668A (en) * | 1975-03-24 | 1977-08-23 | California Institute Of Technology | Portable reflectance spectrometer |
| US4345840A (en) * | 1980-04-08 | 1982-08-24 | California Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for instantaneous band ratioing in a reflectance radiometer |
| JPS61120023A (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1986-06-07 | Shimadzu Corp | Spectrophotometer |
-
1995
- 1995-07-06 NL NL1000738A patent/NL1000738C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-07-05 CN CNB961966890A patent/CN1221799C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-05 WO PCT/NL1996/000280 patent/WO1997002481A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-05 JP JP9505031A patent/JPH11508689A/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-05 KR KR10-1998-0700096A patent/KR100460972B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-05 CA CA002226095A patent/CA2226095A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-05 MX MX9800206A patent/MX9800206A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-05 EP EP96922283A patent/EP0836705A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-06 MY MYPI96002800A patent/MY118331A/en unknown
- 1996-07-15 TW TW085108557A patent/TW298614B/zh active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102680416A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-09-19 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for fast detecting caffeine content of summer and autumn tea |
| CN104535526A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Linear gradual filter type handheld intelligent spectrometer based on microcomputer Edison |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11508689A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
| MY118331A (en) | 2004-10-30 |
| TW298614B (en) | 1997-02-21 |
| KR19990028796A (en) | 1999-04-15 |
| CN1195402A (en) | 1998-10-07 |
| CA2226095A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
| WO1997002481A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
| KR100460972B1 (en) | 2005-05-17 |
| NL1000738C2 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
| MX9800206A (en) | 1998-04-30 |
| EP0836705A1 (en) | 1998-04-22 |
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