CN1221644C - Method of produing carbonized coal and apparatus - Google Patents
Method of produing carbonized coal and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1221644C CN1221644C CN 03153555 CN03153555A CN1221644C CN 1221644 C CN1221644 C CN 1221644C CN 03153555 CN03153555 CN 03153555 CN 03153555 A CN03153555 A CN 03153555A CN 1221644 C CN1221644 C CN 1221644C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to carbonized coal which comprises components of raw coal and adhesive. The carbonized coal is divided into two structure layers: an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the outer layer is a semi coke structure layer. In the method of the present invention for producing the carbonized coal, molded coal is put into a carbide furnace for fast carbonization, wherein the carbonization temperature is from 375 to 600 DEG C and the carbonization time is from 30 to 40 minutes. The carbide furnace for producing the carbonized coal comprises a vertical furnace body, wherein the furnace body is provided with a feed port and a discharge port, and a supporter with an inclined plane is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body; the discharge port is positioned at the bottom of the inclined plane. The method and/or the carbide furnace for producing the carbonized coal are/is characterized in that the coal is distributed into a pre-heating layer, a heating layer and a heat covering layer from top to bottom in the furnace body. The carbonized coal of the present invention has high hardness, completely overcomes the defects of softening and breaking after being wetted by water, has complete combustion without giving off black smoke, and meets the requirements for clean combustion and environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of moulded products of coal and its production method and production equipment special.
Background technology
Moulded coal is to utilize low grade coals such as smalls, middle coal or mud coal, thereby improves a kind of fuel that coal utilization is worth by changing its structure and combustion system.But the burning of existing cold-pressed briquette is the same with other burning of coal, will produce the coal smoke of different blackness inevitably.By discovering, in the coal-fired process generation of black smoke be since coal during by pyrolysis fugitive constituent pour out, the amount of oxygen deficiency in the burner hearth, fugitive constituent can not be at short notice with burner hearth in the oxygen thorough mixing, thereby also just can not reach the purpose of perfect combustion.Form coal-smoke pollution.
Existing cold-pressed briquette structure all is by coal and binding agent mixing extrusion forming.Wherein binding agent divides two kinds of organic binder bond and mineral binder bonds again.Most moulded coals adopt mineral binder bonds, wherein as natural kaolin, and wilkinite etc., this class briquette binder price is lower, widely distributed and consumption maximum.Because the cohesive force of such binding agent is relatively poor and do not have the hydraulicity, therefore the briquette strength of making of its is lower, and percentage of damage is very high in transportation and use, and during especially wet water, moulded coal is easy to softening its structure completely destroy that causes.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, develop a kind of charing moulded coal, it increases the intensity of moulded coal by the structural sheet that changes moulded coal, in the time of can making simultaneously the moulded coal burning, fugitive constituent wherein obtains preheating and to more than the burning-point, makes that moulded coal can access efficiently, the effect of cleanburning in the effusion process.
Charing moulded coal of the present invention contains raw coal and binding agent composition, and wherein said moulded coal is divided into internal layer and outer two structural sheets, and its mesectoderm is a semicoke structural housing that 375 ℃ of-600 ℃ of furnace temperature and 30-60 minute carbonization time form in charring furnace.
The thickness of described semicoke shell is 1-5mm.
The method of the above-mentioned charing moulded coal of production of the present invention, comprise coal separation (coal blending), preparation binding agent, mixing, stirring and forming step, feature of the present invention is moulded coal to be packed into carry out fast charring in the charring furnace, carbonization temperature 375-600 ℃, and carbonization time 40-60 minute.
The method of above-mentioned production charing moulded coal, carbonization process wherein comprise stewing two technological processs of heating and heat, and wherein heating process temperature is 375 ℃-600 ℃, 10-20 minute heat-up time; After the heat-processed the stewing process of heat, stewing time 30-40 minute of heat, 600 ℃-250 ℃ of the stewing temperature of heat; Before heat-processed, also have a warm, preheating temperature: rise to 375 ℃ by normal temperature; Warm up time: 10-20 minute.
Produce the charring furnace of above-mentioned charing moulded coal, comprise vertical body of heater, be provided with feeding mouth and discharge port on body of heater, be provided with the supporter of being with the scarp at bottom of furnace body, discharge port is positioned at the bottom position on scarp.
The charring furnace of described production charing moulded coal, the stewing layer of the heat in the charring furnace burner hearth is provided with the catheter type heat reclamation device, is filled with the air heat-conducting medium in the described catheter type heat reclamation device, and this air dielectric is sent into this burner hearth zone of heating bottom after being heated in the burner hearth.
Charing moulded coal of the present invention is owing to contain internal layer and outer two structural sheets, and skin be the semicoke structural sheet that forms through charing, so one deck hard shell that made the moulded coal outer wrap, strengthened the integral hardness of moulded coal.This moulded coal has been avoided wet water post softening and broken defective fully, is convenient to transportation and preserves.Main is because skin has a semicoke structural sheet through 600 ℃ of low-temperature pyrolysis, the volatile content of this semicoke structural sheet is lower, when this moulded coal acts as a fuel in the stove internal combustion, it at first is the shell smokeless combustion, and the raw coal that makes internal layer forms gradient from outside to inside and is heated, the raw coal decomposes, wherein contained fugitive constituent is overflowed gradually, when this part effusion fugitive constituent passes through red-hot shell, be heated to more than the burning-point, it enters zone of combustion and air thorough mixing and perfect combustion, the cold-pressed briquette of having avoided prior art makes that a large amount of effusion of burning initial stage fugitive constituent itself and furnace air can not thorough mixing, therefore, can not reach clean-burning result, thereby cause serious atmospheric pollution.
Charing briquette production method of the present invention is fairly simple, only behind common cold-pressed briquette moulding process, increase quick low-temperature pyrolysis, make hard shell of the outer formation of moulded coal, promptly transformed the part fugitive constituent of this layer, improve effective utilization, formed the preliminary heating zone that the internal layer feed coal is subjected to the heat evolution fugitive constituent again.Briquette strength is improved greatly, and particularly combustion efficacy is good, the environmental pollution of having avoided the moulded coal incomplete combustion to cause fully.
Charring furnace of the present invention is provided with angled support owing to adopted vertical heater in the body of heater bottom, makes the moulded coal finished product can fall naturally in body of heater.Owing in body of heater, be provided with the heat reclamation device that uses air dielectric, and warm air imported the moulded coal zone of heating, made full use of the waste heat of carbonization process, reduced the used heat in the production to topsoil.Reduced the coal loss.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that supporter is the charing moulded coal furnace binding synoptic diagram of cone-shaped body structure
Fig. 2 is that supporter is the charing moulded coal furnace binding synoptic diagram of ramp structure
Fig. 3 is oval charing moulded coal structural representation
Embodiment
Charing moulded coal of the present invention is divided into two structural sheets from structure, promptly outer charring layer 15 and inner run of mine coal seam 17.Wherein shell charring layer thickness is 1-5mm, and this charring layer character is the semicoke structure.Usually have a transition layer 16 between outer charring layer and internal layer run of mine coal seam, promptly raw coal reaches softening temperature but still unconvertedly is the structural state of semicoke.Above-mentioned these expansion structures or structural sheet all belong to category of the present invention.The shape of charing moulded coal of the present invention does not limit, to adopt circle or profiles such as ellipse or droplet-shaped with the result of use proof be that the moulded coal of curve (curved surface) structure has plurality of advantages but from producing, when utilizing the type of furnace of the present invention to carry out charing, its finished product can fall in stove naturally.
Charing moulded coal coldmoulding operation of the present invention is identical with existing cold-pressed briquette production process, just increases a charing treatment process behind briquette molding, promptly carrying out quick low-temperature carbonization in the moulded coal input charring furnace.Described carbonization process was divided into for three steps: the first step is a warm, promptly the moulded coal that enters charring furnace is preheated to 375 ℃ from normal temperature, and be 10-20 minute warm up time; And then enter the heat-processed in second step then, in this process, the moulded coal temperature after the preheating is risen to about 600 ℃ from 375 ℃, time is equally within 10-20 minute, the skin of moulded coal has reached the semicoke formation temperature in this process, part fugitive constituent wherein solidifies with plastic mass, because the time is very short, thereby the thickness that semicoke forms is less, has only 1-5mm thick.After this, moulded coal in the charring furnace enters the stewing process of heat in the 3rd step, and the effect of this process is to make the outer field semicoke shell of moulded coal further form and emit fugitive constituent, and the temperature of charing moulded coal descends gradually in this process, reduce to about 250 ℃ about 30-40 of time minute by 600 ℃.
Charring furnace of the present invention, comprise a vertical body of heater 2, this body of heater is made up of internal layer refractory materials, outer common building material, middle lagging material three-decker, wherein the internal layer body of heater adopts common refractory brick to build by laying bricks or stones to get final product, outer body of heater is built with brick with common building, intermediate thermal insulating layer adopts conventional lagging material, such as vermiculite material, asbestos material or mineral wool fibre etc.The supporter 8 on a band scarp is arranged at the body of heater bottom, and this supporter is the slope of gradient 50-70 degree, and the slope apex height accounts for the 1/5-1/4 of body of heater height overall, and discharge port 9 places the bottom on slope.Described supporter also can be a cone-shaped body, shape as shown in fig. 1, and the tapering of this cone-shaped body is 45 °-60 °, discharge port 9 is positioned at the bottom of conical supports 8.Feeding mouth 1 places upper of furnace body, and moulded coal is gone into furnace igniting to operation normally, is divided into three layers in body of heater from top to bottom, upper strata preliminary heating zone 3, and central thermal chambers 4, the stewing layer 6 of lower floor's heat there is no clear and definite physics line of delimitation between each layer.Finished product charing moulded coal falls naturally along the scarp, and there is a controllable open and close device in the exit, the speed of coming out of the stove of control finished product moulded coal.Be provided with heat reclamation device in the stewing layer 6 of body of heater middle and lower part heat, this device also can be set to helical coil for bent-tube boiler or horizontal U type pipe heat reclamation device, is connected with air as the recovery of heat medium in pipe.Be introduced into zone of heating 4 bottoms on top after the air dielectric heating, this warm air mixes with the fugitive constituent of overflowing from the stewing layer of heat and burns in zone of heating 4.At this moment burning is to carry out in the gap between moulded coal, because whole charring layer temperature is no more than 600 ℃, therefore, moulded coal extexine oxidizing fire is difficult to carry out.The intravital temperature of stove is controlled by the discharging speed of regulating discharge port 9.Surpass preset value as temperature, then accelerate discharging speed.Otherwise, lower discharging speed.Thermometer measure is directly adopted in temperature measuring in the stove.The furnace charge amount is looked discharging speed and is determined that during conventional operation, the two keeps balance.
Embodiment 1 body of heater of the present invention 2 is high 5.4 meters, 1.68 meters of furnace bottom internal diameters, 1.08 meters of furnace roof internal diameters.Body of heater 2 comprises three structural sheets, and wherein inner furnace body is built by laying bricks or stones by refractory brick and formed.Outer body of heater is with the brick one-tenth of common building.Middle lining is gone into the vermiculite lagging material.A high cone of 1.5 meters 8 is built in the body of heater bottom, and the cone angle of inclination is 55 °, and conical surface is that shrink to outlet concave panel and bottom.Skin is the refractory cements shiny surface.Cone base has two discharge ports 9, and discharge door to be opened/closed is housed in the discharge port outside, and this discharge door is the gravity switching door of manpower control, by the manpower pull-up or put down to reach and open or close purpose.When opening discharge door, the spherical moulded coal in the stove tumbles the finished product case to the bottom automatically.At 3.0 meters, body of heater middle part a ring pipe 5 around the body of heater setting is arranged, four air outlets are arranged on this ring pipe, bottom of furnace body 1.5-2.0 rice is provided with as Fig. 1 or horizontal U-shaped pipe 7 shown in Figure 2, the bottom air inlet mouth of this horizontal U-shaped pipe links to each other with the blower fan 10 of body of heater outside, and the air outlet on top links to each other with the ring pipe 5 that is provided with around body of heater.Furnace roof is an opening for feed 1, is provided with two-layer turnover panel at the opening for feed place, makes to keep the relative closure state in the stove, and the turnover panel upset falls in the stove moulded coal during charging.One side of furnace roof also is provided with an exhanst gas outlet 12.
The furnace binding and the size of embodiment 2 present embodiments are identical with embodiment one, and the supporter of body of heater bottom is an one-sided scarp of spill, and there is a discharge port at 65 ° at angle of inclination in this concave panel bottom, and shrink to discharge port the concave panel bottom.Heat reclamation device is a spiral tube.
(70 parts in drinking water boiler moulded coal) Pin Of-thin coal, granularity be less than 3mm, fugitive constituent 14% ash 15% for embodiment 3; 24 parts in rich coal mud, water ratio is below 5%, fugitive constituent 30% ash 20%; Binding agent is 4 parts of wilkinites, is crushed to granularity less than 100 orders, 2 parts of unslaked limes, and granularity is less than 100 orders.Above-mentioned raw materials is mixed, add water 8-10 part, stir, use the roller briquetting machine moulding.Above-mentioned moulded coal is put into the stove of embodiment 1, below the body of heater ring pipe, make surrogate with circular filler, more than ring pipe, adorn kindling wood, go up again and place moulded coal, start the blower fan air intake, and kindling wood lighted, charging gradually forms 1 meter high, the coal-fired layer (being zone of heating) of 600 ℃ of left and right sides temperature, open the bottom fire door, circular filler is come out of the stove gradually, and the moulded coal on top slowly descends, when dropping to ring pipe, moulded coal enters the stewing layer of heat when following, the moulded coal skin of this moment has formed very thin semicoke shell, and shell continues to overflow with the fugitive constituent of interior raw coal, but owing to do not have air below the annular air supply pipe, thereby the fugitive constituent of overflowing upwards enters on the annular air supply pipe and burns with air mixed, thus, form zone of heating on the annular air supply pipe, moulded coal is about 10 minutes in the time that this layer passes.High-temperature flue gas passes the unburned moulded coal layer in zone of heating top and discharges from the furnace roof exhanst gas outlet, and moulded coal that simultaneously will this layer heats, therefore preliminary heating zone of this layer formation.The thickness of this preliminary heating zone is about one meter.Moulded coal from go into stove to the time that enters zone of heating promptly time that this layer passes equally about 10 minutes, and its temperature also rises to about 375 ℃ from normal temperature.When the descending charing moulded coal of zone of heating fills up the charring furnace lower space gradually, the stewing layer of heat all forms, and greatly between 600 ℃-400 ℃, the semicoke outer shell of moulded coal intervally all forms at this at the stewing layer of heat upper temp, and the semicoke layer thickness is between 3-5mm.The stewing layer of heat bottom temp is about 250 ℃ of tapping temperature, and moulded coal passes about 45 minutes of time at the stewing layer of heat.Air in the horizontal U-shaped pipe is heated to the zone of heating of sending into top more than 300 ℃ at the stewing layer of heat.So far, be three level of the stewing layer of preliminary heating zone, zone of heating and heat from top to bottom in the whole body of heater, wherein the zone of heating temperature rises to 600 ℃ from 375 ℃, and this temperature can be controlled by adjusting discharging speed (being feed rate).From the zone of heating bottom, per 0.5 meter is provided with a thermometer, and the temperature between different layers is a feed rate with the decision discharging speed in the stove by observing.Be higher than 600 ℃ as temperature, then accelerate discharging speed.Otherwise reduction discharging speed.Top input speed and bottom discharging speed keep the turnover balance.When process furnace works well, per hour wait out 10 tons of finished products.But continuous operation.
Implement 70 parts of 4 (gas-making type coal) coke powders, wherein fugitive constituent 1.5-2% ash 10%; 25 parts of rich coal, fugitive constituent 30% ash 12% binding agent adopts 2 parts of Mierocrystalline celluloses; 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol.Mierocrystalline cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol are added water 8-10 part and stir, mix the shaper extrusion forming then with feed coal.Go into the stove charing.Its carbonization process is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and about 20 minutes of heat-up time, Heating temperature can arrive 650 ℃, and carbonization time also can be higher than 40 minutes.
34 parts of embodiment 5 (coal briquette for civillan use) coke powders; 30 parts in Pin Of-thin coal; 30 parts of coal slimes; 5 parts of kaolin: 1 part of Sodium salts humic acids.Add water 8-10 part.Be 10 minutes its heat-up time, about semicoke outer casing thickness 4mm.
(49 parts in boiler briquette) Pin Of-thin coal is fugitive constituent 14% ash 15% wherein for embodiment 6; 49 parts in rich coal mud, wherein fugitive constituent 30% ash 20%; Binding agent is 2 parts of causticization starch.Add 9 parts in water.5 minutes heat-up times, the semicoke shell of this moulded coal is 1-3mm.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of charing moulded coal, contain raw coal and binding agent composition, it is characterized in that described moulded coal is divided into internal layer and outer two structural sheets, its mesectoderm is a semicoke structural housing (15) that 375 ℃ of-600 ℃ of furnace temperature and 30-60 minute carbonization time form in charring furnace.
2, according to the described charing moulded coal of claim 1, it is characterized in that described semicoke Laminate construction thickness is 1-5mm, the profile of described moulded coal is spherical.
3, a kind of method of producing as the charing moulded coal of claim 1 or 2, comprise coal separation, preparation binding agent, mix and stir and moulding process, the invention is characterized in moulded coal imported and carry out charing in the charring furnace, 375 ℃-600 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 30-60 minute.
4, according to the method for the production charing moulded coal of claim 3, it is characterized in that described carbonization process comprises stewing two technological processs of heating and heat, wherein heating process temperature is 375 ℃-600 ℃, 10-20 minute heat-up time; After the heat-processed the stewing process of heat, stewing time 30-40 minute of heat, 600 ℃-250 ℃ of the stewing temperature of heat; Before heat-processed, also have a warm, preheating temperature: rise to 375 ℃ by normal temperature; Warm up time: 10-20 minute.
5, a kind of charring furnace of producing as any charing moulded coal of claim 1 or 2, comprise vertical body of heater (2), be provided with feeding mouth (1) and discharge port (9) on body of heater, it is characterized in that bottom of furnace body is provided with the supporter (8) on band scarp, discharge port (9) is positioned at the bottom position on scarp.
6, according to the charring furnace of the production charing moulded coal of claim 5, it is characterized in that being provided with catheter type heat reclamation device (7) in the stewing layer of heat (6), be filled with the air heat-conducting medium in the described catheter type heat reclamation device, send into zone of heating (4) bottom after this air dielectric is heated in the burner hearth.
7, according to the charring furnace of claim 6, the hot air medium that it is characterized in that zone of heating (4) bottom is to import by the ring pipe (5) around body of heater.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 03153555 CN1221644C (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2003-08-18 | Method of produing carbonized coal and apparatus |
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| CN 03153555 CN1221644C (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2003-08-18 | Method of produing carbonized coal and apparatus |
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| CN1482219A CN1482219A (en) | 2004-03-17 |
| CN1221644C true CN1221644C (en) | 2005-10-05 |
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| CN 03153555 Expired - Fee Related CN1221644C (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2003-08-18 | Method of produing carbonized coal and apparatus |
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| CN101550372B (en) * | 2009-05-16 | 2012-06-13 | 山西中元煤洁净技术有限公司 | Method for producing carbonized coal with coal material |
| CN102942976A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-02-27 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for preparing formed coke with low metamorphic coal as main raw material in microwave field |
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| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: Pu County prosperous carbonized coal Co. Ltd. Assignor: Xu Jiansheng|Xu Jincui Contract fulfillment period: 2007.10.24 to 2023.8.18 contract change Contract record no.: 2007990000077 Denomination of invention: Method of produing carbonized coal and apparatus Granted publication date: 20051005 License type: General permission Record date: 2007.11.6 |
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Free format text: COMMON LICENCE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2007.10.24 TO 2023.8.18 Name of requester: XINGSHENG COAL CARBONIZATION CO., LTD., PU COUNTY Effective date: 20071106 |
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Assignee: Inner Mongolia Sha Ge Du Development Zone Guangming coal limited liability company Assignor: Xu Jiansheng|Xu Jincui Contract record no.: 2011990000970 Denomination of invention: Method of produing carbonized coal and apparatus Granted publication date: 20051005 License type: Common License Open date: 20040317 Record date: 20111014 |
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