CN1220370A - Method and device for injecting fuel/liquid mixture into combustion chamber of burner - Google Patents

Method and device for injecting fuel/liquid mixture into combustion chamber of burner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1220370A
CN1220370A CN98125591A CN98125591A CN1220370A CN 1220370 A CN1220370 A CN 1220370A CN 98125591 A CN98125591 A CN 98125591A CN 98125591 A CN98125591 A CN 98125591A CN 1220370 A CN1220370 A CN 1220370A
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Prior art keywords
liquid
fuel
delivery member
spray orifice
mutually
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CN98125591A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN100470129C (en
Inventor
J·克勒
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Energy resources Switzerland AG
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Asea Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/16Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/30Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F23R3/14Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

A method and a device are described for injecting a fuel/liquid mixture into the combustion chamber of a burner, with an atomizer nozzle and with at least one liquid delivery region, at least one fuel delivery region separated from the latter and at least one volume region which is provided upstream of the atomizer nozzle orifice and in which the liquid is mixed with the fuel. The invention is distinguished in that the liquid experiences the generation of vortices before or during intermixing with the fuel.

Description

Be used for fuel is sprayed into the method and apparatus of burner
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus that is used for fuel is sprayed into burner, this burner has an atomizer nozzle and has at least one liquid delivery area, comburant (-rent) delivery area that at least one separates with this liquid delivery area and at least one is arranged at the cavity zone that atomizer nozzle spray orifice upstream liquid and fuel mix therein mutually.
In the combustion chambers burn produce power, especially, oil is converted into the electric flux aspect combining with subsequently turbine power plant, people are for a long time always in the pollution of optimized combustion process to scheme reaching perfect combustion and to reduce to burn and produce.
Therefore, for example, the partial combustion that feeds the fuel oil of firing chamber can cause NO XDischarge amount increases, but by fuel oil and water blending just can greatly be reduced this discharge amount.
In the running of turbine power plant, for avoiding NO XWhen discharge amount increase burner is worked with the mixture of fuel/water, clearly, can produce violent low-frequency vibration in firing unit, this vibrations also can increase thereupon when the proportion of the water in the fuel/water mixture increases.According to the difference of the size and dimension of firing unit, can form the different discontinuous shake altogether of a series of frequencies.
This tangible low-frequency vibration phenomenon is that the diffracting effect by the entropy wave at the turbine inlet place that connects behind the firing chamber causes most probably.This entropy wave mainly in the firing chamber temperature of whole flame after significantly surpassing 2, take place.Therefore, this vibrations take place between igniting and the burner idle mode through being everlasting, and especially, only have a relatively low temperature because the air of inflow firing chamber is compared with flame temperature this moment, and therefore the temperature of whole flame is higher than very.
In order to suppress the formation of this vibrations, need do some corresponding changes to the firing chamber and with the Placement in turbine inlet hole, carry out these and change the common shake characteristic that the back just can change and suitably regulate this cavity area.For example, for this reason, can on other zone in combustion chamber regions or high-pressure turbine zone suitable by-pass pipe be set, these by-pass pipes can reach the cloudy Buddhist nun's effect of a kind of in check vibrations.But existing turbine power plant feels like doing this change just must take the very high reconstruction measure of some costs, but these measures are very big owing to dropping into accordingly, and need close turbine power plant for a long time, so attraction force is not high.
The objective of the invention is to develop the method and apparatus that a kind of usefulness one atomizer nozzle sprays into a fuel/water mixture firing chamber of burner, according to the method, the possibility that in the firing chamber violent low-frequency vibration takes place greatly reduces, and does not need existing power plant component is especially implemented the turbine power plant that has completed the reconstruction measure of high cost.
Reaching the object of the invention scheme is specifically limited by the claim 1 of describing a kind of the inventive method.Claim 4 has been described a kind of device of the present invention, and claim 15 item is a kind of application of the present invention.Dependent claims is done some useful concrete qualifications to the present invention's theme.
The present invention is a starting point with following knowledge: the low frequency that entropy wave forms in the firing chamber shakes is mainly altogether lighted the endurance decision at interval during this period of time by atomizer nozzle ejection fuel/water mixture output stream to it in the firing chamber.
Research one is equipped with a burner model that is suitable for the atomizer nozzle of fuel supplying/aqueous mixtures in the provided upstream that enters the firing chamber, and place the public address system of vibrating state to measure common shake activity burner by one, studies show that, the acoustic construction situation correspondence that cavity determined of the geometrical shape of burner and burner definite common shake frequency, and wherein to shake frequency altogether consistent with the Helmholtz of this sound system approximately for one common shake frequency.Measurement to acoustic energy that combustion system absorbs and acoustic energy that public address system provides shows, if
Figure A9812559100051
Value very little, approach zero, maybe this value is near the corresponding inverse of frequency that shakes altogether, the acoustic energy that combustion system absorbs reaches maximum when shake generation altogether.That is to say, by suitably choosing the endurance , just can make the moding of entropy wave get point especially.This also means simultaneously, if act in a diametrically opposite way, changes parameter by choosing suitable burner setting working state
Figure A9812559100053
, just can obtain a parameter, the entropy wave excitation meeting that forms low-frequency vibration according to this parameter is greatly suppressed.Therefore say this parameter
Figure A9812559100054
, promptly represent fuel/water mixture to be injected into the parameter of burning this section endurance, suppressing to have played conclusive effect aspect the low-frequency vibration.
Further investigation has disclosed the endurance
Figure A9812559100055
Increase along with the increase of sneaking into the liquid fraction in the fuel.Nonetheless, although the endurance
Figure A9812559100056
Really by the liquid fraction decision of sneaking in the fuel, still, this endurance
Figure A9812559100057
Still just can be set at suitable value, can be suppressed (if possible) according to this vibration stimulus that is worth whole combustion system, can recognize according to the present invention, just can shorten this endurance by the whirling motion of the liquid of controlling and fuel mixes mutually (being water in these cases)
Figure A9812559100058
, therefore, control with before fuel mixes mutually or among the eddy current that enters formation in the flow of liquid, just can be with should the endurance
Figure A9812559100059
Substantially be set in required value, and also with considering liquid shared ratio in fuel.
According to the present invention, with before fuel mixes mutually or be this mode of eddy current state in mixing mutually and designed a kind of method that is used for a fuel is sprayed into the firing chamber of a burner, this burner has an atomizer nozzle, at least one liquid conveyor zones, fuel conveyor zones that at least one separates with this liquid conveyor zones and at least one and is provided with the cavity area that atomizer nozzle spray orifice upstream liquid and fuel mix therein mutually according to liquid.
As mentioned above, owing to the endurance also can prolong when liquid fraction increases in the fuel thereupon, therefore just can just can be to cutting the endurance by the formation eddy current that increase infeeds in the flow of liquid
Figure A9812559100061
Prolongation.By infeed flow of liquid or will with flow of liquid that fuel mixes mutually in introduce suitable eddy current, just can be according to the independent setting firing time or the endurance of mixed liquid proportion mutually , to avoid the formation of entropy wave as far as possible.
According to the present invention, designed a kind of device that is used for a fuel is sprayed into the firing chamber of a burner in the following manner, this device comprises an atomizer nozzle that is used to implement the invention described above method, a vortex generating component is set at least one liquid conveyor zones or the liquid conveyor zones is arranged to flow of liquid with form whirling motion before fuel mixes mutually or in mixing mutually.
The degree of this whirling motion can be set by the suitable measure that is provided with in the liquid conveyor zones, for example the angle of inclination by the relative liquid flow direction of reflecting disc suitably is set or by the suitable opening of formation between liquid conveyor zones and fuel conveyor zones.
Known up to now atomizer nozzle all has a conveyor zones, and this zone is used to spray the nozzle outlet aperture that will be atomized fuel oil relatively in axially.Work as fuel, fuel oil preferably, after the spray orifice ejection, this fuel is atomized and is very little fuel droplet.In apparatus of the present invention, before fuel mass flowing nozzle delivery outlet, liquid, preferably water is impregnated in fuel oil, and these water mixed with whirling motion form and fuel before the ejection of nozzle delivery outlet with fuel mix mutually at it.
For this reason, only way is between liquid conveyor zones and fuel conveyor zones opening to be set, and liquid imports in these holes with the direction of vertical fuel stream.In this way, sneak into liquid in the fuel and have an eddy current that is approximately spiral distribution, mix mutually with fuel by this eddy current liquid.
In another kind of arrangement of nozzles mode, provide a coaxial flow of liquid around being in the axial fuel stream of nozzle delivery outlet, this flow of liquid and fuel stream are separated by a next door, and this flow of liquid is become an eddy current around the coaxial rotation of fuel conveyor zones by the vortex generating component in the liquid conveyor zones.Just in the upstream of atomizer nozzle delivery outlet a bit, two fluid streams are collided mutually, enter the nozzle delivery outlet with a vortex motion state.
Strength of vortex in the liquid bulk can suitably be chosen according to the shared ratio of the liquid of sneaking into fuel.
By detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, can more completely understand the present invention and bonus thereof better, wherein accompanying drawing comprises:
Fig. 1 is the sketch that the burner of the present invention of following three kinds of different situations is shown:
A: pure fuel atomizing,
B: the atomizing of the fuel that the liquid proportion is lower, and
C: the atomizing of the fuel that the liquid proportion is higher,
Fig. 2 is the atomizer nozzle that has opening,
Fig. 3 has the atomizer nozzle that is in the vortex generating component in the liquid conveyor zones, reaches
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional figure with atomizer nozzle of orthogonal fuel of relative nozzle delivery outlet and liquid conveyor zones.
Referring now to accompanying drawing,, identical or the corresponding parts of same icon representative among these figure, Fig. 1 a to c is the cross-sectional sketch of a buner system, and combustion system comprises that all an atomizer nozzle 1, firing chamber 2 and one are used to be right after the join domain 3 of the gas turbine (not shown) of this firing chamber 2 under every kind of situation.As shown in Figure 1a, ejection only is fuel from atomizer nozzle 2, and this fuel is in a time lag of determining
Figure A9812559100071
In time, lighted, and forms special combustion flame 4 in firing chamber 2.
Fig. 1 b shows a small scale liquid and mixed situation the fuel at fuel before atomizer nozzle 1 ejection.As described in literary composition head,,, be ejected into the time period that forms between the combustion flame from atomizer nozzle if especially flow of liquid is not mixed in the fuel with the eddy current form if do not adopt measure of the present invention
Figure A9812559100072
With elongated, but by eddy current that will be suitable introduce will with the mixed mutually liquid of fuel in just can keep this time period
Figure A9812559100073
, the situation as shown in Fig. 1 a.
In order to keep
Figure A9812559100074
Constant, even in atomizer nozzle 1, mix the amount of the liquid in the fuel and keep when very big Constant, the necessary bigger degree of disturbance to of liquid that be mixed mutually with fuel.By these measures, even liquid is mixed in the fuel, as long as the vibrations feature of burner still just can keep, like this according to the situation of liquid proportion when will can reach pure fuel combustion as shown in Figure 1a with the liquid that fuel mixes mutually once corresponding significant mode disturbance.
Fig. 2 shows the longitudinal section (left hand view) of a most preferred embodiment of atomizer nozzle.Fuel conveyor zones 6 is arranged on the axial of nozzle delivery outlet 5.For the liquid of water can mix in the fuel in this fuel conveyor zones 6.By a next door 7 and fuel conveyor zones 6 isolated water conveyor zones 8 and fuel conveyor zones 6 coaxial arrangement.As can be seen, be formed with two mutual opposed openings 9 on the next door 7 from drawing in side sectional elevation (right part of flg), this opening passes next door 7 in such a manner, liquid basically within the fuel conveyor zones 6 tangent direction of wall flow into this zone.Thereby form fluid vortex in fuel conveyor zones 6 in fuel, the form with fuel is exported from nozzle delivery outlet 5 subsequently.
In embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, the eddy current that mixes the liquid of fuel take place or the disturbance effect by the shape of the opening 9 in the next door 7 with arrange and produce.There is shown two holes, the axis in these two holes is substantially parallel.The very important point is, the fuel that originally enter the fuel conveyor zones by these holes this moment also impacts internal surface with the perpendicular conveyor zones of fuel flow direction with the identical flow direction.
Fig. 3 shows the another kind of possibility that fuel and liquid mixed and formed eddy current mutually, is that a coaxial liquid conveyor zones 8 is surrounded in nozzle delivery outlet 5 axially extended fuel conveyor zones in this possibility.Be provided with a vortex generating component 10 in liquid conveyor zones 8, this member 10 makes flow of liquid be in the state that the fuel conveyor zones around center arrangement rotatablely moves.Just the provided upstream at nozzle delivery outlet 5 is equipped with a mixing cavity 11, and liquid and fuel mix within it mutually.
Fig. 4 a and 4b show two cross-sectional figure of atomizer nozzle 1.
In Fig. 4 a, fuel vertically enters through a delivery pipe 6 and mixes cavity 11.One delivery pipe 8, liquid enter via it and mix cavity 11, are arranged to following mode this moment, and when liquid entered the mixing cavity, this liquid pointed to the tangent direction of mixing cavity inner wall.Therefore because inwall has circular contour, with mix cavity 11 within the contacted liquid of wall produced eddy current, liquid mixes with fuel mutually by these eddy current.
According to the liquid proportion, can in mixing cavity 11, some liquid delivery tubes be set.In Fig. 4 b, be provided with two liquid delivery tubes and a fuel-supply pipe.Can also pass through suitably to set liquid and flow into the definite whirling motion degree that mixes in the cavity 11 of the speed of mixing cavity 11, shown in Fig. 4 b.
Clearly, under above-described inspiration, can do multiple improvement and change to the present invention.Therefore, be appreciated that in the appended claim restricted portion, can otherwise implement the present invention not according to above specifically describing.

Claims (15)

1. method that is used for a fuel is sprayed into the firing chamber (2) of a burner, this burner has an atomizing leaf mouth (1), at least one liquid delivery member (8), the fuel transfer unit (6) that at least one separates with this liquid delivery member and at least one be in that the described liquid in atomizing spray orifice (5) upstream and described fuel mixes therein mutually cavity (11), wherein liquid with formation eddy current before fuel mixes mutually or when mixed mutually.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: the liquid that mixes mutually with described fuel is water.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: eddy current forms in such a manner and takes place, and promptly passes the described liquid proportion of described atomizer nozzle (1) when big more, and liquid is strong more by disturbance.
4. device that is used for a fuel is sprayed into the firing chamber (2) of a burner, this device has an atomizer nozzle (1), this nozzle is provided with at least one liquid delivery member (8), the fuel transfer unit (6) that at least one and this liquid delivery member separate, and at least one is in the described liquid in described atomizer nozzle spray orifice (5) upstream and the described fuel cavity (11) of mixing mutually within it, wherein: at least one liquid delivery member (8) is provided with a vortex generating component (10), or liquid delivery member (8) be arranged to flow of liquid with before fuel mixes mutually or when mixing mutually by disturbance.
5. device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described fuel transfer unit (6) is arranged at the axial of described atomizer nozzle spray orifice (5), described fuel conveyor zones is by the coaxial encirclement of a liquid conveyor zones (8), between this two zone, be provided with a next door (7), this next door (7) has some apertures (9) near on the zone of described atomizer nozzle spray orifice (5), described liquid enters by the fuel transfer unit (6) of disturbance through these apertures (9), mixes mutually with described fuel before described fuel flows out from atomizer nozzle spray orifice (5) at these these liquid of fuel transfer unit.
6. device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described aperture (9) processes on described next door (7) in such a manner, and promptly being oppositely disposed in of the profile of aperture and aperture (9) brought out flowing around the rotation of the axis of described nozzle in the described fuel transfer unit (6).
7. as claim 5 or 6 described devices, it is characterized in that: process two apertures respect to one another (9) on described next door (7), these two apertures (9) have the inwall that is parallel to each other and extends.
8. device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described fuel transfer unit (6) is arranged at the axial of described atomizer nozzle spray orifice (5), described fuel transfer unit is by the coaxial encirclement of a liquid delivery member (8), wherein, upward be provided with at least one vortex generating component (10) with described nozzle spray orifice (5) at a distance of certain distance in described liquid delivery member (8), the flow of liquid that forms eddy current flows out to surround before towards the fuel stream of nozzle spray orifice (5) and with this fuel stream from described nozzle spray orifice (5) mixes mutually.
9. device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: described vortex generating component (10) makes liquid form eddy current, thereby flow of liquid is flowed around described fuel conveyor zones (6) helical.
10. install as claimed in claim 8 or 9, it is characterized in that: described vortex generating component (10) is a reflecting disc with suitable shape.
11. device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: at least one liquid delivery member (6) is led to cavity area (11), and described liquid took place with mixing in such a manner of fuel, promptly liquid with fuel by disturbance.
12. device as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that: described liquid delivery member (8) extends to the inwall of cavity area (11) along direction tangential, and described liquid is basic to flow into cavity (11) perpendicularly with described fuel flow direction thereby make.
13. as claim 11 or 12 described devices, it is characterized in that: other has some can control in the fuel liquid delivery member of liquid fraction by it to lead to described cavity (11).
14. as the described device of claim 4 to 13, it is characterized in that: the downstream of described firing chamber (2) is provided with the entrance region of the high pressure stage of gas turbine.
15. use that is used to handle the device of a gas turbine, wherein setting a predetermined firing time by the strength of vortex of control setting liquid proportion or setting liquid, also is that fuel is ejected to the time period of being lighted from the nozzle spray orifice.
CNB981255914A 1997-12-17 1998-12-17 Method and device for injecting fuel/liquid mixture into combustion chamber of burner Expired - Fee Related CN100470129C (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97810994.0 1997-12-17
EP97810994A EP0924459A1 (en) 1997-12-17 1997-12-17 Method and apparatus for injecting a mixture of fuel end liquid into a combustor

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CN1220370A true CN1220370A (en) 1999-06-23
CN100470129C CN100470129C (en) 2009-03-18

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EP (1) EP0924459A1 (en)
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CN102251858A (en) * 2010-05-17 2011-11-23 通用电气公司 Late lean injection injector
CN105514792A (en) * 2015-11-25 2016-04-20 南京航空航天大学 High-energy jet-flow exciter

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CN102251858A (en) * 2010-05-17 2011-11-23 通用电气公司 Late lean injection injector
CN105514792A (en) * 2015-11-25 2016-04-20 南京航空航天大学 High-energy jet-flow exciter
CN105514792B (en) * 2015-11-25 2018-11-09 南京航空航天大学 A kind of high energy jet stream exciter

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US6491236B1 (en) 2002-12-10
CN100470129C (en) 2009-03-18
EP0924459A1 (en) 1999-06-23
JPH11248111A (en) 1999-09-14

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