KR102257041B1 - fuel-injection apparatus for incineration - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel spray device for incineration. In the present invention, a plurality of fuel passages for guiding the movement of fuel are formed between the fuel inlet 120 of the fuel supply pipe 100 and the fuel discharge port 130. The fuel discharge port 130 communicates with the connector 310 of the spray nozzle 300. At the other end of the spray nozzle 300, a spray port 320 is formed in a direction in which fuel is sprayed to the outside, so that fuel is atomized while passing through the connector 310 and passing through the spray port 320. And a gas supplied from the outside is sprayed. An ultrasonic generator 400 is installed inside the fuel supply pipe 10 to promote an atomization of fuel by generating ultrasonic waves. According to the present invention, since the atomization is promoted by ultrasonic waves while the fuel flows through the fuel supply pipe, the size of the spray droplet is small and can be sprayed while spreading widely, thereby increasing fuel efficiency.

Description

Fuel atomizing apparatus for incineration {fuel-injection apparatus for incineration}

The present invention relates to a fuel spray device for incineration, and more particularly, by generating ultrasonic waves, it is possible to reduce the size of the average particle diameter (SMD) of the fuel and at the same time, the fuel spray for incineration is configured to spread and spray the fuel widely. It relates to the device.

In general, burners used in industrial furnaces, kilns, boilers, incinerators, and the like have a large amount of oil combustion. Therefore, the operation cost and environmental pollution are greatly affected according to the performance, so when the burner is set, it is possible to burn with low excess air, and the flame must be short and the calorific value must be high. In addition, the generation of dust and pollutants such as SO4 and NOx (nitrogen oxide) should be small, and the stability and response of the flame should be high.

In order to achieve good combustion like this, the injection state of fuel must be good, and the mixture of the injected fuel and combustion air must be perfect, and the amount of combustion air, air flow rate, uniformity of air flowing into the resistor, and air in the flame retardant Rotation and the like have a great influence on combustion, and these factors largely depend on the structural characteristics of the fuel injection nozzle.

In general, conventional injection nozzles that can be burned by spraying oil fuel can be classified into an internal mixing type, an external mixing type, and an intermediate mixing type, depending on the mixing position of the oil fuel and the atomization material for fine particles of the oil fuel. Here, compressed air or water vapor is used as the atomizing material, but since the gas has a low density, a large relative velocity is generated between the liquid having a low injection speed even at a low injection pressure, so that the atomization of the liquid occurs.

Fig. 1 shows a generally used fuel injection nozzle in a schematic cross-sectional view.

1, the fuel injection nozzle 1 is provided with a fuel supply pipe 10 through which fuel is supplied. An injection nozzle 20 is coupled to the front end of the fuel supply pipe 10.

The injection nozzle 20 has a plurality of injection holes 22 formed in an annular shape in a direction in which fuel is supplied. When the fuel is injected through the injection hole 22, the fuel is injected toward the front of the injection nozzle 20, so that the fuel cannot be injected into the middle portion C of the injection hole 22.

Therefore, when the injection nozzle 20 is installed in the combustion chamber S to perform the combustion process, the flame is divided up and down by the fuel injected through the injection hole 22 of the injection nozzle 20, and at this time, Even if gas such as air is supplied through the air inlet pipe 40, air is supplied only to the outer part of both flames, so that air is not supplied smoothly to the middle part (B) of the injection port 22 and the temperature is increased. And, there is a problem that the amount of generation of NOx (nitrogen oxide), which is an environmental pollutant, increases.

Republic of Korea Utility Model Publication No. 20-0191094 (registered on August 16, 2000)

The present invention was invented to improve the above-described problem, and the problem to be solved by the present invention is to reduce the size of the spray droplets of fuel and at the same time increase the spray angle, thereby allowing the gas to be smoothly mixed. It is to provide a fuel atomizing device.

The technical problem of the present invention is not limited to those mentioned above, and another technical problem that is not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

According to the fuel spraying device for incineration according to an embodiment of the present invention in order to achieve the above object, a fuel inlet for introducing fuel is formed at one end, and a fuel discharge port through which fuel introduced from the fuel inlet is discharged at the other end A fuel supply pipe formed with a plurality of fuel passages configured to guide the movement of fuel between the fuel inlet and the fuel discharge port; A connection port communicating with the fuel discharge port is formed at one end, and a spray port is formed at the other end in a direction in which fuel is sprayed to the outside, so that fuel and gas are atomized while passing through the connection port and passing through the atomization port. A spray nozzle for atomizing; And an ultrasonic generator installed on the inside of the fuel supply pipe to generate ultrasonic waves to promote an atomization phenomenon of fuel, wherein the cross-sectional area of the spray port is formed larger than the cross-sectional area of the connector. .

The fuel supply pipe extends in a horizontal direction from the fuel inlet toward the fuel discharge port, and a center flow path pipe in which the ultrasonic generator is installed inside, and a turning formed corresponding to each of the left and right sides of the center flow pipe It is configured to include a flow path pipe, characterized in that the orbiting flow pipe is made of a curved line.

The cross-sectional area of the fuel inlet port is smaller than the cross-sectional area of one end of the center channel pipe connected to the fuel inlet in a horizontal direction, and the cross-sectional area of one end of the center channel tube is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the center of the center channel tube, and the center channel The cross-sectional area of the center of the tube is less than or equal to the cross-sectional area of the other end of the center flow path tube connected to the fuel discharge port.

It is characterized in that it is formed to be tapered in a direction in which the width increases from one end of the center flow pipe toward the center of the center flow pipe.

The orbiting flow path pipe is characterized in that a plurality of radially arranged around the spray nozzle.

The fuel inlet is characterized in that it is connected to a fuel chamber in which the pressurized fuel liquid is accommodated.

The ultrasonic generator is characterized in that it generates a high frequency of 20 kHz or more.

A perforated plate in which a plurality of through holes are formed is coupled to the spray port of the spray nozzle.

A gas inlet port for inflow of gas is formed at one end, and a gas discharge port through which gas introduced from the gas inlet port is discharged is formed at the other end by communicating with the connector, and guides the movement of gas between the gas inlet port and the gas discharge port. It is characterized in that it is configured to include a gas supply pipe in which a gas flow path is formed.

The gas discharge port of the gas supply pipe is installed at a position adjacent to the other end of the center flow pipe.

Details of other embodiments are included in the detailed description and drawings.

According to the fuel spraying device for incineration according to an embodiment of the present invention, since the fuel flows through a fuel supply pipe composed of a plurality of connection channels and is sprayed through a spray nozzle, the size of the spray droplets is small and can be sprayed while spreading widely. have. Therefore, by preventing the flame temperature from rising too high and shortening the length of the flame, there is an effect of remarkably reducing the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated during combustion.

In addition, according to the fuel atomization apparatus for incineration according to an embodiment of the present invention, an ultrasonic generator is installed in the fuel supply pipe to promote an atomization of fuel by generating ultrasonic waves. Accordingly, since the atomization of the fuel is further promoted, the size of the spray droplet can be further reduced, and the spray angle can be widened, thereby further increasing the combustion efficiency.

The effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a generally used fuel injection nozzle.
2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a fuel spray device for incineration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a fuel spray device for incineration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 and 5 are views showing the shape and flow analysis of the fuel spray device for incineration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a graph showing the average particle diameter according to the ultrasonic frequency.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention.

In describing the embodiments, descriptions of technical contents that are well known in the technical field to which the present invention pertains and are not directly related to the present invention will be omitted. This is to more clearly convey the gist of the present invention by omitting unnecessary description.

For the same reason, some elements in the accompanying drawings are exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated. In addition, the size of each component does not fully reflect the actual size. The same reference numerals are assigned to the same or corresponding components in each drawing.

2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a fuel spray device for incineration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, a fuel supply pipe 100 is provided in the fuel spray device for incineration. In this embodiment, the fuel supply pipe 100 is provided with a center flow path pipe 110, a turning flow path pipe 111, a fuel inlet 120, and a fuel discharge port 130.

The fuel inlet 120 is a portion through which the fuel delivered from the fuel chamber 140 to be described below is introduced, and the fuel outlet 130 is a portion through which the fuel introduced from the fuel inlet 120 is discharged. In addition, the center flow path pipe 110 and the orbiting flow path pipe 111 to be described below are provided between the fuel inlet 120 and the fuel discharge port 130.

In this embodiment, the length-to-diameter ratio of the fuel supply pipe 100 is preferably 5:1 to 10:1. This is to make the flow uniformly occur while the fuel moves along the fuel supply pipe 100.

In this embodiment, the fuel supply pipe 100 is provided with a plurality of fuel passages. The fuel flow path may be formed by tubes having different lengths.

To this end, the fuel supply pipe 100 may include a center flow path pipe 110 and a turning flow path pipe 111. As shown in FIG. 3, the center flow path pipe 110 extends in a horizontal direction from the fuel inlet 120 toward the fuel discharge port 130. One end (110a) of the center flow path pipe (110) is connected to the fuel inlet 120, the other end (11b) is connected to the fuel discharge port (130).

In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the fuel inlet 120 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of one end 110a of the center flow path pipe 110. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the width of the fuel inlet 120 is smaller than the width of one end 110a of the center flow path pipe 110. In addition, the cross-sectional area of one end 110a of the center channel tube 110 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the center 110c of the center channel tube 110.

In addition, the cross-sectional area of the center 110c of the center channel pipe 110 may be smaller than or equal to the cross-sectional area of the other end 110b of the center channel tube 110 connected to the fuel discharge port 130. That is, the width of the center 110c of the center flow path pipe 110 may be equal to or smaller than the width of the fuel discharge port 130 and may be formed to have a large width.

Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of the fuel inlet 120 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the orbiting flow path pipe 111. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the width of the fuel inlet 120 is smaller than the width of one end 111a of the orbiting flow path pipe 111.

In addition, the cross-sectional area of one end 111a of the orbiting channel tube 111 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the center 111c of the orbiting channel tube 111, and the cross-sectional area of the center 111c of the orbiting channel tube 111 is the It may be smaller than or equal to the cross-sectional area of the other end 111b of the orbiting flow path pipe 111 connected to the fuel discharge port 130.

In addition, it may be formed to be tapered in a direction in which the width increases from one end 110a of the center flow pipe 110 toward the center 110c of the center flow pipe 110.

The orbiting flow path pipe 111 is formed to correspond to the left and right sides of the center flow path pipe 110, respectively. That is, the orbiting flow path pipe 111 may be disposed radially around the center flow path pipe 110. Here, the orbiting flow path pipe 111 may be formed in a curved shape. This is to allow the fuel to be stagnated for a predetermined time and spread out widely through the orbiting flow path pipe 111.

In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the center 110c of the center flow path tube 110 may be larger than the cross-sectional area of the center 111c of the orbiting flow path tube 111. This is to allow fuel to smoothly exit through the center flow path pipe 110 rather than the turning flow path pipe 111.

In this embodiment, there are two orbiting flow path tubes 111, but are not necessarily limited thereto. For example, a plurality of orbiting flow path pipes 111 may be provided radially around the center flow path pipe 110.

According to the fuel supply pipe 100 configured as described above, the left and right flows are induced while passing through the center flow path pipe 110 and the turning flow path pipe 111 at the same time as the fuel flows in from the fuel inlet 120 , Through this flow, the fuel flows to the left and right in the center flow pipe 110 and spreads out to go out to the fuel discharge port 130, so that the spray angle of the fuel can be expanded.

In addition, since the fuel passes through the other end 110b of the center flow path pipe 110 and the other end 111b of the orbiting flow path pipe 111 and at the same time goes out to the fuel discharge port 130, that is, the center flow path pipe ( The fuel passing through 110 collides with the fuel passing through the orbiting passage pipe 111 at the fuel discharge port 130 and flows largely, so that the atomization angle can be increased by colliding with each other and atomization occurs.

Accordingly, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, while passing through the fuel inlet 120 and passing through one end 110a of the center flow path pipe 110 and one end 111b of the orbiting flow path pipe 111, the center The flow of fuel passing through the flow path pipe 110 occurs, and the fuel passing through the center flow pipe 110 meets the fuel passing through the orbiting flow pipe 111 at the fuel discharge port 130 and flows largely. Therefore, it forms a large flow angle.

In this way, when the fuel flows through the fuel supply pipe 100 and the spray angle increases, when it encounters the gas, it collides with each other and finally atomization occurs, the size of the droplet of the fuel decreases and can be easily mixed with the gas, The spray angle becomes wider.

Therefore, the combustion efficiency can be further increased, the flame temperature is prevented from rising too high, and the length of the flame is shortened, thereby significantly reducing the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated during combustion.

Meanwhile, the fuel inlet 120 is connected to the fuel chamber 140. Pressurized fuel liquid may be accommodated in the fuel chamber 140. In this embodiment, the fuel may be light oil or heavy oil. Since the spray nozzle of liquid fuel using diesel or heavy oil has high viscosity of the fuel, it is first heated to a certain temperature for efficient atomization to increase the fluidity of the fuel, and then a high pressure is applied to the nozzle to inject fine particles. It is desirable. The fine droplets thus formed are usually burned through turbulent mixing using a large amount of excess air. In this case, heavy oil is sprayed at a pressure of (20~25)Bar in the state of having a viscosity of (10~14) cSt in the temperature range of (60~100) ℃ to make fine droplets, and the viscosity of light oil is (3) at room temperature at 20 ℃. ~12) cSt Next, the need for preheating is less than that of heavy oil.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 2, a gas supply pipe 200 may be provided in the fuel atomizing apparatus for incineration. The gas supply pipe 200 serves to supply a gas such as air to fuel.

In this embodiment, a gas inlet 210 is formed at one end of the gas supply pipe 200. The gas inlet 210 is a part for inflow of gas.

A gas discharge port 220 is formed at the other end of the gas supply pipe 200. The gas discharge port 220 communicates with the connector 310 of the spray nozzle 300 to be described below. The gas discharge port 220 is a portion through which the gas introduced from the gas inlet 210 is discharged. The gas discharge port 220 may be installed at a position adjacent to the other end 110b of the center flow path pipe 110. Alternatively, the gas discharge port 220 may be installed between the other end 111b of the orbiting flow path pipe 111. This is to facilitate mixing of the gas with the fuel.

A gas flow path 230 is formed between the gas inlet 210 and the gas outlet 220. The gas flow path 230 serves to guide the movement of the gas.

In this embodiment, only one gas supply pipe 200 is provided, but is not limited thereto. For example, the gas supply pipe 200 may be composed of a plurality of pieces as needed, and in this case, the gas supply pipe 200 may be disposed to cross each other with the orbiting flow path pipe 111.

A gas chamber 240 is connected to one end of the gas supply pipe 200. Pressurized gas may be accommodated in the gas chamber 240. In this embodiment, the gas is air, but it is not necessarily limited thereto. For example, it may be water vapor.

On the other hand, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, a spray nozzle 300 is provided in the fuel spray device for incineration. The spray nozzle 300 serves to disperse fuel and gas so that the fuel is atomized.

A connector 310 is formed at one end of the spray nozzle 300. The connector 310 communicates with the fuel discharge port 130 and the gas discharge port 220.

A spray port 320 is formed at the other end of the spray nozzle 300. The spray port 320 is formed in a direction sprayed to the outside, that is, a direction sprayed toward the combustion chamber (S). In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the spray port 320 is formed larger than the cross-sectional area of the connector 310. Therefore, fuel and gas are spread widely while passing through the connector 310 and the atomizing port 320, so that the flame is short and spread. In this process, the gas flowing through the gas discharge port 220 is vortexed and mixed with the fuel. This can be fine.

Meanwhile, a porous plate (not shown) may be selectively coupled to the spray port 320 of the spray nozzle 300. The porous plate has a plurality of through-holes, so that when liquid and gas are mixed and sprayed, the spray angle is further widened while passing through the through-hole.

Meanwhile, an ultrasonic generator 400 is installed inside the fuel supply pipe 100. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic generator 400 is installed inside the center flow path pipe 110.

The ultrasonic generator 400 may include a plurality of piezoelectric elements. The ultrasonic generator 400 receives power from the outside and generates ultrasonic waves in a high-frequency region of 20 kHz or higher, resulting in cavitation (a vacuum phenomenon occurring behind a thruster, etc.) and atomization of particle acceleration. It promotes atomization.

As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that fuel spray having a Sauter's Mean Diameter (SMD) of about 5 μm from 20 kHz or higher occurs, as shown in FIG. 6, which is due to the acceleration of the particles in the high frequency region of 20 kHz or higher. It is possible because it is a high speed that is equivalent to 1 million times the acceleration of gravity. Here, the SMD has the meaning of the average particle diameter obtained by dividing the total volume by the total surface area. As the value of the SMD is smaller, the surface area per unit volume increases, indicating that the evaporation time is shortened.

That is, since the atomization of the fuel is further promoted by the ultrasonic wave generated from the ultrasonic generator 400, the size of the spray droplet can be further reduced, and the spray angle can be widened, thereby further increasing the combustion efficiency.

In this embodiment, the ultrasonic generator 400 vibrates rapidly by passing a high-frequency current through a piezoelectric element (not shown), but is not limited thereto. For example, ultrasonic vibration can be generated by changing a magnetic field to vibrate a magnetic object.

The ultrasonic generator 400 may receive power from a power supply unit (not shown) separately provided externally. In addition, the power supply unit is controlled by a controller (not shown), and the frequency and operation time of the ultrasonic generator 400 may be controlled by the controller.

In this embodiment, the ultrasonic generator 400 is installed in the center 110c of the center flow path pipe 110, but is not limited thereto. For example, it may be installed at a position adjacent to one end 110a of the center flow pipe 110 or may be installed at a position adjacent to the other end 110b.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, the ultrasonic generator 400 is provided in the fuel supply pipe 100, but is not limited thereto. For example, the ultrasonic generator 400 may also be provided in the fuel chamber 140. In this case, the fuel is supplied to the fuel supply pipe 100 in a state where the size of the spray droplet of the fuel is reduced, and the atomization of the fuel is promoted again by the ultrasonic generator 400 provided in the fuel supply pipe 100. You can also reduce the size further.

As described above, according to the fuel spraying device for incineration according to the present embodiment, the fuel flows through the fuel supply pipe 100 composed of the center flow path pipe 110 and the plurality of orbiting flow path pipes 111, and the spray nozzle 300 Since it is sprayed through, the size of the spray droplet can be small and spread while being sprayed.

Therefore, since the combustion efficiency can be increased, the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated during combustion can be significantly reduced by preventing the flame temperature from rising too high and shortening the length of the flame.

In particular, an ultrasonic generator 400 is installed in the fuel supply pipe 100 to promote an atomization of fuel by generating ultrasonic waves. Therefore, since the atomization of the fuel is further promoted, the size of the spray droplet can be further reduced, and the spray angle can be widened, thereby further increasing the combustion efficiency.

Meanwhile, the present specification and drawings disclose preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although specific terms are used, these are merely used in a general meaning to easily explain the technical content of the present invention and to aid understanding of the present invention. It is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition to the embodiments disclosed herein, it is apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that other modifications based on the technical idea of the present invention may be implemented.

100: fuel supply pipe 110: center flow path pipe
111: turning flow path pipe 120: fuel inlet
130: fuel outlet 140: fuel chamber
200: gas supply pipe 210: gas inlet
220: gas outlet 230: gas flow path
300: spray nozzle 310: connector
320: spray port
400: ultrasonic generator
S: combustion chamber

Claims (10)

A fuel inlet port for inflow of fuel is formed at one end, a fuel outlet port through which fuel introduced from the fuel inlet port is discharged is formed at the other end, and a plurality of fuel passages guiding the movement of fuel between the fuel inlet port and the fuel discharge port A fuel supply pipe provided;
A connector communicating with the fuel discharge port is formed at one end, and a spray port is formed at the other end in a direction in which fuel is sprayed to the outside, so that fuel and gas are atomized while passing through the connector and passing through the atomization port. A spray nozzle for atomizing; And
And an ultrasonic generator installed inside the fuel supply pipe to generate ultrasonic waves to promote an atomization phenomenon of fuel,
The cross-sectional area of the spray port is formed larger than the cross-sectional area of the connector,
The fuel supply pipe,
A center flow path pipe extending in a horizontal direction from the fuel inlet toward the fuel discharge port and in which the ultrasonic generator is installed, and
It is configured to include a turning flow pipe formed to correspond to each of the left and right around the center flow pipe,
The orbiting flow path pipe is made of a curve
The cross-sectional area of the fuel inlet is smaller than the cross-sectional area of one end of the center flow path pipe connected to the fuel inlet in a horizontal direction,
The cross-sectional area of one end of the center channel tube is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the center of the center channel tube,
The cross-sectional area of the center of the center passage pipe is less than or equal to the cross-sectional area of the other end of the center passage pipe connected to the fuel discharge port,
It is formed to be tapered in a direction in which the width increases from one end of the center flow pipe toward the center of the center flow pipe,
A gas inlet port for inflow of gas is formed at one end, and a gas outlet port through which gas introduced from the gas inlet port is discharged is formed at the other end by communicating with the connector, and guides the movement of gas between the gas inlet port and the gas outlet port. Further comprising a gas supply pipe in which the gas flow path is formed,
The gas discharge port of the gas supply pipe is installed at a position adjacent to the other end of the center flow pipe,
Fuel spraying apparatus for incineration, characterized in that the fuel flows through the fuel inlet and passes through the center flow path pipe and the orbiting flow pipe.
delete delete delete The method of claim 1,
Incineration fuel spraying device, characterized in that a plurality of the orbiting flow path pipes are arranged radially around the spray nozzle.
The method of claim 5,
The fuel inlet port is an incineration fuel spray device, characterized in that connected to the fuel chamber in which the pressurized fuel liquid is accommodated.
The method of claim 6,
The ultrasonic generator is a fuel atomizing device for incineration, characterized in that generating a high frequency of 20 kHz or more.
The method of claim 7,
Fuel atomizing apparatus for incineration, characterized in that a perforated plate in which a plurality of through holes are formed is coupled to the spray port of the spray nozzle.
delete delete

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