CN1220341A - 燃气/蒸汽发电设备 - Google Patents

燃气/蒸汽发电设备 Download PDF

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CN1220341A
CN1220341A CN98125589A CN98125589A CN1220341A CN 1220341 A CN1220341 A CN 1220341A CN 98125589 A CN98125589 A CN 98125589A CN 98125589 A CN98125589 A CN 98125589A CN 1220341 A CN1220341 A CN 1220341A
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air
compressor
turbine unit
separator
combustion gas
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CN1123683C (zh
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H·弗鲁特施尔
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Alstom SA
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Asea Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/10—Closed cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/007—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid combination of cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
    • F02C7/1435—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages by water injection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

采用操作燃气透平机组(GT)的方法,可以回收利用燃气透平机组(GT)产生的废气(14)的潜热能,为此废气被引导通过一热交换器(5),该热交换在操作上与一热交换透平机组(LT)相连。属于上述热空气透平机组(LT)的一个压缩器(7)借助点式的连续的喷水(24)而实现等温运行,在这种情况下,喷入的水在实现膨胀(6)之后通过冷凝(19)而被收集在分离器(10)中。因此建立了一个线路,在此线路中为了获得最大效率可以免去机组间的适配。

Description

燃气/蒸汽发电设备
本发明涉及一种燃气/蒸汽发电设备。
与废气余热的回收利用相结合的等温压缩，对燃气透平来说，是一种值得力求的循环配置。在此情况下，最简单地得以实现的等温压缩近似方案涉及到借助连续喷水的内冷却。为了再回收尽可能大部分的水，需要设置一个再冷却器，作为必不可少的最后的中间冷却级。无论是将水喷入压缩器中，还是通过一个表面热交换器的再冷却或中间冷却，以及尤其在空气一侧并入急需的换热器，都要求燃气透平有一个全面的新设计和结构。因此，从经济观点出发，这样一种实施方案被排除了。
本发明在此提出补救。本发明的目的在于：在开头述及的那种燃气/蒸汽发电设备中，按规定地运行市场上现有的燃气透平，而不要做任何更改，获得最高效率。
按本发明是通过采取下述措施达到此目的的：如此利用换热器的热力作用，使一个附加连接的热空气透平的高压空气流得到加热。它包含一个带有喷射冷却装置的压缩器、一个不加冷却的扩展器和一个发电机。这种透平机组，即它的各组成部分以及换热器，都是市场可购得的成套设备。
因此，本发明的一个重要优点在于：这些设备由于其特别适度的循环参数，无论在结构上还是在操作上都是没有问题的。
所提出的线路也适用于一种顺序点火的燃气透平机组，如文献EP-0620362A1中所介绍的燃气透平机组，因此此文献是本说明书的一个不可分的组成部分。
下面将参照附图较详细地说明本发明的几个实施例。凡是对直接理解本发明不必要的部件都删去了。介质的流动方向以箭头表示。
附图表示：
图1带有附加连接的开着的空气透平过程的燃气/蒸汽发电设备；
图2带有封闭线路的另一种发电设备；
图3按照图1和2所示线路的一个TS-曲线图。
图1示明一种发电设备，它由一个燃气透平机组GT和一个附加连接的开式空气透平过程LT组成。燃气透平机组本身是常规设计结构：它包括一压缩装置1，一个用燃料3工作的燃烧室2，一个附加连接的透平4，以及一个发电机8。在废气一侧，透平4与一换热器5相连，换热器在一定程度上相当于一个组合设备的废热蒸汽发生器。该换热器5一方面被透平4发出的废气14流过，另一方面它在操作上与已述及的空气透平循环系统LT相连，主要地与一个由扩展器6、压缩器7和发电机9组成的扩展器透平机组相连。送往最后述及的扩展器6的吸入空气15经过压缩后流向换热器5，并在依照热交换过程经历一次热处理，从而由此生出烟气26被排出。从压缩器7出来的压缩空气16在作为加热过的压缩空气17加荷于扩展器6之前，流过换热器5，并其热器中经受一次热处理。膨胀后的压缩空气18然后流经一个再冷却器19，而流入分离器10。压缩器7配有一个喷射冷却装置，因此相继在换热器5中处理过的压缩空气16得到适度的加热(在大约15巴压力下为150℃-560℃)。由此，在扩展器6中，发生压缩空气的膨胀行为，压缩空气原先在压缩器7中是经过准等温压缩的，在换热器5中经过加热的，它含有相当大的水蒸汽量，这时的水蒸汽是未到达饱和状态的。在发电机9上释放的差值功率仅仅略低于在一个常规设备上多能和准等温压缩机功率之间的差。根据扩展器6的压力比率之不同，一小部分的水蒸汽在临近膨胀结束时已经凝结完毕。不过，至少较大部分的水蒸汽在已经述及的再冷却器19中凝结。从继后的分离器10出发，经过再冷却的空气20从分离器流出来，然后经过一条管道21离开循环系统，该管道与一个调节件12在操作上相连。为了根据需要来调定即冷却或预热燃气透平机组GT的吸入空气13，将一部分再冷却的空气20引进到吸入空气13中。从膨胀的空气18中凝结出来的水被收集在分离器10中，并经过一输送泵11再送回到压缩器7中，以达到通过汽化实现内冷却24的目的。通过供水导管23以补充水的损耗。
在这种情况下，可以使多个甚至不同型号的较小燃气透平GT同一个大的热空气透平LT一起工作。多个小的高速运转的热空气透平LT也可以配置给一个大功率的燃气透平GT。它们的超同步转数例如可以通过一个转换器25来加以稳定。
图2表示为了最大限度减小热空气透平LT的几何尺寸而提出的一种配置。在这里，循环线路是封闭的，其目的在于经过一条从分离器引出来的导管27将供给提高到一个更高的压力水平。上述导管27将再冷却的空气直接导入压缩器7中。但在这里压力水平不应定得过高，在大约为8的压力比率情况下，最高定在3-4巴，因为否则压缩器7的内冷却会产生过高的温度。
图3示明在图1和图2中所示的过程，这些过程已转换成一个TS-曲线图。
出发点是，二次性热空气透平过程的费用比组合设备的水蒸汽过程的费用较低。换热器5比蒸汽过程的热交换器简单得多。这些所示的线路的效率大致相当于STlG过程的效率。与后者相反，水的回收却简易得多，这是因为水是在封闭的循环线路中循环的，而且因为它只与清洁的空气接触。
显而易见，在上述技术的基础上，本发明的各项改进和变更都是可行的。因此务必理解。在所附的权利要求的范围内，本发明除了文中所具体描述的之外，也可以加以实施的。
          名称代号一览表1压缩装置(压缩器单元)    18膨胀的压缩空气2燃烧室                  19再冷却器3燃料输供                20再冷却的空气4透平                    21排放管5换热器                  22水管6扩展器                  23供给水7压缩器                  24内冷却8发电机                  25转换器9发电机                  26烟气10分离器                 27导管11输送泵                 GT燃气透平机组12调节装置               LT热空气透平过程13吸入空气14废气15吸入空气16压缩空气17加热过的压缩空气

Claims (4)

1．燃气透平机组的操作方法，该机组具有单级或多级燃烧，有一个附加连接的热交换器，以便用于回收利用燃气透平机组所属的一个透平产生的废气潜热能，其特征在于：一个热空气透平机组(LT)在操作上与一个热交换器(5)相连；在一个属于热空气透平机组(LT)的压缩器(7)中通过连续的或点式的水喷射(24)实现近似模拟等温压缩；在经过膨胀(6)之后，被喷入的水通过冷凝(19)而被收集在一个分离器(10)中。
2．如权利要求1中所述的方法，其特征在于：收集在分离器(10)中的水(22)可以再循环到压缩器(7)中以用于水喷射。
3．如权利要求1中所述的方法，其特征在于：由分离器(10)产生的空气(20)被引入属于燃气透平机组(GT)的压缩器(1)的吸入空气(13)中，或者引入到属于燃气透平机组的一个透平机(4)的过程空气中。
4．如权利要求1中所述的方法，其特征在于：在分离器(10)产生的空气(27)被引入到热空气透平机组(LT)的压缩器(7)中。
CN98125589A 1997-12-17 1998-12-17 燃气/蒸汽发电设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1123683C (zh)

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EP97810993A EP0924410B1 (de) 1997-12-17 1997-12-17 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Gasturbogruppe
EP97810993.2 1997-12-17

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US6178735B1 (en) 2001-01-30
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DE59710790D1 (de) 2003-10-30

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