CN1219208A - 流化床处理电弧炉粉尘 - Google Patents

流化床处理电弧炉粉尘 Download PDF

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CN1219208A
CN1219208A CN97194754A CN97194754A CN1219208A CN 1219208 A CN1219208 A CN 1219208A CN 97194754 A CN97194754 A CN 97194754A CN 97194754 A CN97194754 A CN 97194754A CN 1219208 A CN1219208 A CN 1219208A
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P·W·E·布洛姆
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract

本发明涉及处理电弧炉(EAF)粉尘的方法。按此法,在将粉尘中所含的Fe3O4氧化成Fe2O3的条件下预热该粉尘及使其去除杂质。此后将经过预热和去除了杂质的粉尘引入流化床反应器,于此,Fe2O3被按非催化等离子弧加热工艺重整天然气所生成的热还原气体还原,结果生成适于再循环到EAF中的富铁物料及高级ZnO产物。

Description

流化床处理电弧炉粉尘
本发明涉及电弧炉(EAF)粉尘的处理。
在小型钢厂，如能力为年产百万吨钢水级别的小钢厂中，每生产1吨钢水就产生15kg电弧炉(EAF)粉尘。估计全世界碳钢制造厂每年产生300万吨以上的EAF粉尘。所产生的EAF粉尘，特别是因其含高量的Zn而被某些管理机构，如美国环保机构定为有害废料。因此需处理它们，而不仅是将其倾倒。
按常规，将EAF粉尘运往中心处理厂。有一种常规处理技术是Waelz Kiln法，它是由Horsehead Industries in USA控制的。但用这种方法处理EAF粉尘有一些严重的问题，这包括EAF粉尘处理的实际费用过高。这至少部份地是由于实施此法的处理厂投资很高。高额投资意味着实施此法的工厂倾向于具有高的能力及通常设置单独的中心厂以服务于分布于广大地域的钢的生产厂家。经常超越大距离从钢厂输送粉尘，使得用此法处理粉尘的总成本很高。除此之外，粉尘的有害特性，加上它的很小的，一般小于1μm的颗粒尺寸意味着将其从钢厂运往处理厂实际上需要特殊的控制措施，这又增加了总的处理费用。
常规的EAF粉尘包括以下组份(％重量)：
ZnO        27％
PbO         2％
Fe2O3    44％
C           6％
卤化物    2-4％
Cd       220ppm
这种等级的ZnO含量可归因于在钢厂中大量熔炼镀Zn废钢。
本发明的目的在于提供一种方法，用其可以经济的方式原地处理EAF粉尘。本发明的另一目的在于经济地回收常规EAF粉尘中的给定的高Zn和Fe含量。
根据本发明的一个目的，提供了一种处理EAF粉尘的方法，该法包括在将粉尘中的Fe3O4氧化成Fe2O3的条件下预热粉尘及去除其中的杂质，然后将经预热和去除了杂质的粉尘引入流化床反应器中，于其中借助于通过按非催化等离子-弧加热法重整天然气而产生的热还原气体将Fe2O3还原，结果产生适于再循环于EAF中的富Fe物料的步骤。
此外，该法还可包括用通常位于流化床反应器下游的袋式除尘/过滤系统从流化床反应器中回收ZnO烟尘(即粉尘)。
一般来说，还原性的流化床反应器在800-1000℃级，较好是在850-1000℃，最好是在约950℃的温度下运行。这种热的还原性气体一般含H2和CO的混合物。按一较佳的方法，一般开始时EAF粉尘被产生于还原性流化床反应器中的废气放出的热在氧化性流化床反应器中预热至1000℃级的温度。
这些气体在通过水除尘器后，在被引入氧化性流化床反应器之前，可在存有空气时加热。
诸如卤化物和Cd之类的杂质可通过水除尘器从该氧化性流化床反应器中除去，此后可将它们处理掉。
附图说明
现将参照下面的附图，仅以举例的方式详细说明本发明，此图用于说明本发明的处理EAF粉尘的步骤。
较佳实施方案
在所附流程图所示方法的第一步骤中，将产自EAF钢厂的EAF粉尘，如标号12所示，引入第一流化床反应器10。在反应器10中，如下所述，用产于第二流化床反应器中的废气预热该粉尘。在把废气引入温度足以把EAF粉尘预热到1000℃级的温度的该流化床反应器10之前，使其通过供有空气16的燃烧器14。
在反应器10中占主要地位的氧化性和高温的条件下，EAF粉尘中的Fe3O4含量被按以下反应被氧化成Fe2O3：
产于反应器10中的气体经水除尘器18被抽出，在除尘器18中，一般存在于EAF粉尘中的重要杂质，如卤化物和Cd被去除，其余的气体沿箭头20所示方向经烟道排出。
然后将经过预热和去除了杂质的粉尘按箭头24所示方向引入第二流化床反应器22。沿线26将热的还原气体供给第二流化床反应器。通过在单独供能的，非催化的等离子弧重整器30中与水蒸汽一起重整天然气28而产生的热还原气体含有H2和CO的混合物，一般是约75％的H2和25％的CO。非催化的等离子弧重整器30在足以产生热还原气体的温度下运行，热还原气体的温度一般为约950℃，而通常在800-1000℃，更好在850-1000℃的范围内。
在实践时，在重整器30中进行的非催化等离子重整工艺采用了带有阳极和阴极的等离子加热器，它通过滑阀与重整器的反应室相连。按以下反应：
天然气(CH4)按化学计算地与水蒸汽一起，在由该加热器所产生的，一般为15000℃级的非常高的温度下，在没有催化剂时被重整。
在反应器22中，按下面的反应
Fe2O3被还原成富铁产物32，即直接还原铁(DRI)。
DRI适于再循环至钢厂的EAF中。这样，EAF粉尘中的Fe含量被有用地回收。
EAF粉尘中的ZnO和PbO被H2和CO还原成金属，但重要的是，在反应器22中的占主要地位的运行条件下，Zn和Pb为蒸汽相，因而被浮动的气流带往冷却器34。在约800℃及更低温度下，Zn又与存在的氧反应而形成ZnO。在反应器22中发生后一反应被认为是不适宜的，因为这将导致该富铁物料与ZnO烟雾间的混合的可能性，这又导致ZnO烟雾的低回收率以及Fe被ZnO污染。
在冷却器34中冷至800℃及更低的温度，导致了Zn和Pb的氧化，结果形成富ZnO的烟尘，它在袋式除尘器和过滤系统36中被回收。烟尘38是高级的含低卤化物含量的富ZnO粉末。这种烟尘适于再出售给初级电解Zn的生产者。如上所述，在反应器22中产生的废气在水除尘器40中除尘，再于燃烧器14中加热，以便使原料EAF粉尘在反应器10中的氧化条件下预热和去除杂质。
要注意的是，原EAF粉尘被有效回收，从而产生两种有用的产物，即可出售的富ZnO烟尘及可用于EAF钢厂的富Fe物料。除了回收EAF粉尘而产生有用的产物外，还有一附加的优点：本发明的工艺可在其钢厂原地经济地实施。
实施例
下面的实施例描述了一种实验室规模的实验，它是在Procedyne Corporationof New Jersey,USA，用6英寸直径的Inconel 601流化床反应器进行的。用作原料的EAF粉尘由North Star Steel of Michigan,USA提供。产物试样由Mintek ofSouth Africa分析。该实验总的目的是将EAF粉成转变为高等级ZnO产物和富Fe物料，而基本上不生成废弃物。
该实验的特定目的是生产ZnO含量＞80％(重量)的高等级脱卤的ZnO产品，及金属化至少达90％(重量)的富Fe物料。
还原性流化床反应器产生了具有以下性能的物料：
％ZnO(重量)    ——88
％Fe2O3(重量) ——7.8
％PbO(重量)  ——0.05
可见，ZnO含量大于80％的特定目的已成功地达到。因而，该方法的产物可被称为超高级的ZnO产物。
金属化，即产生含量为98％的金属Fe，也在该实验中达到。此外，脱卤，即提取氯化物，达到了＞90％的水平。
该实验的结果表明，可成功地转化EAF粉尘而产生适于出售给，比如，生产金属Zn的炼锌厂的高级ZnO产物，及适于再循环至EAF本身或其它钢厂的富Fe产物。
可以相信，本发明方法的成功，在很大程度上归因于在还原性流化床反应器中采用了通过在非催化等离子弧重整器中重整天然气而生成的热还原气体。

Claims (10)

1、处理EAF粉尘的方法，该方法包括在将该粉尘中的Fe3O4氧化成Fe2O3的条件下，预热该粉尘并使其去除杂质，此后，将此经过预热和去除了杂质的粉尘引入流化床反应器，在该反应器中，Fe2O3被按非催化等离子弧加热工艺重整天然气而生成的热还原气体还原，从而产生适于再循环至EAF的富铁物料的步骤。
2、权利要求1的方法，它包括从该流化床反应器的该产物中回收富ZnO烟尘的步骤。
3、权利要求1或2的方法，其中该还原性流化床反应器在范围为800-1000℃的温度下运行。
4、权利要求3的方法，其中该还原性流化床反应器在范围为850-1000℃的温度下运行。
5、权利要求4的方法，其中该还原性流化床反应器在约950℃的温度下运行。
6、上述权利要求中之任一项的方法，其中该热还原气体含H2和CO的混合物。
7、上述权利要求中之任一项的方法，其中该EAF开始在氧化性流化床反应器中被产生于还原性流化床反应器中的废气发出的热预热。
8、权利要求7的方法，其中该EAF粉尘被预热至1000℃级的温度。
9、权利要求7或8的方法，其中该废气在经过水除尘器之后，在被引入氧化性流化床反应器之前，在存有空气时被加热。
10、上述权利要求中之任一项的方法，其中杂质，如卤化物和Cd通过水除尘器从氧化性反应器中被去除，然后将其除掉。
CN97194754A 1996-05-28 1997-05-28 流化床处理电弧炉粉尘 Expired - Fee Related CN1057131C (zh)

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CN103374637A (zh) * 2013-07-23 2013-10-30 首钢总公司 一种高炉粉状固体料直接脱除氧化锌的装置和方法
CN103374636A (zh) * 2013-07-23 2013-10-30 首钢总公司 一种粉状固体料脱除ZnO的装置及方法
CN103374637B (zh) * 2013-07-23 2015-02-25 首钢总公司 一种高炉粉状固体料直接脱除氧化锌的装置和方法
CN106148718A (zh) * 2016-08-01 2016-11-23 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 处理赤泥的方法和系统

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TR199802463T2 (xx) 2001-06-21
US6221124B1 (en) 2001-04-24
JP2001516395A (ja) 2001-09-25
CN1057131C (zh) 2000-10-04
KR20000016016A (ko) 2000-03-25
AU2968497A (en) 1998-01-05
EP0915993A1 (en) 1999-05-19

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