CN1216966C - Emulsion synthetic fuel oil and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Emulsion synthetic fuel oil and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1216966C CN1216966C CN 02154796 CN02154796A CN1216966C CN 1216966 C CN1216966 C CN 1216966C CN 02154796 CN02154796 CN 02154796 CN 02154796 A CN02154796 A CN 02154796A CN 1216966 C CN1216966 C CN 1216966C
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Abstract
The present invention provides emulsion synthetic fuel oil and a preparation method thereof. The emulsion synthetic fuel oil is in a water-in-oil state and comprises the components: 550 to 800 parts by weight of fuel oil, 200 to 450 parts by weight of water, and 2 to 20 parts by weight of additives, wherein the additives contain nonionic surface active agents of which the HLB valve is from 2.5 to 8, a stabilizing agent and an antioxidant. The method for manufacturing the emulsion synthetic fuel oil comprises the steps that (a) mixtures which are composed of 550 to 800 parts by weight of the fuel oil, 200 to 450 parts by weight of the water and 2 to 20 parts by weight of the additives are provided, and the additives contain the nonionic surface active agents of which the HLB valve is from 2.5 to 8, the stabilizing agent and the antioxidant; (b) the mixtures are stirred for 5 to 12 minutes at the temperature of 70 to 95 DEG C in shearing speed of 2 to 50 meters per second; (c) the mixtures are stirred and cut for 12 to 30 minutes in the shearing speed of 10 to 500 meters per second; (d) the mixtures are constantly stirred for 10 to 30 minutes in the shearing speed of 0.5 to 30 meters per second, and after cooled under 45 DEG C, the mixtures are stored.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of emulsification synthetic fuel oil, the emulsification synthetic fuel oil of particularly a kind of water-in-oil (W/O) kenel.The invention still further relates to a kind of method of emulsification synthetic fuel oil of manufacturing this water-in-oil (W/O) kenel.
Background technology
The heat energy that oil fuel (as heavy oil) is produced after burning can further convert mechanical or electrical energy to, generally is used for for example boiler or engine.Because environmental protection consciousness improves in the world a few days ago; the waste gas that the strict control petrochemical material burning in various countries is produced; therefore; how to reduce the concentration and the total amount of oxysulfide that fuel oil combustion discharges (SOx), oxynitride (NOx) and oxycarbide pollutents such as (COx), be key subjects of current environment protection.
In order to solve the above problems, develop at present and a kind of oil fuel, water are mixed with suitable additive to form the method for emulsified fuel oil, it can reduce the consumption of oil fuel, and then reaches the effect of the discarded emission concentration of dilution.But about the patent reference example of additive formulations and manufacture method such as open case 1-185394 number of Japanese Patent Laid, 1-313595 number; No. 5024676,6030424, United States Patent (USP), Taiwan patent 256853 and No. 410231; No. 1051753, People's Republic of China (PRC) etc.
Yet utilize the emulsified fuel oil of above-mentioned additive and method manufacturing still to have following shortcoming:
1. the long-time stability that stores is not enough: most of emulsified fuel oils are stored to many a couple of days profits only can kept at normal temperatures not to be separated, so generally need to use immediately after manufacturing is finished, therefore is unfavorable for long distance conveying or mass production;
2. find in using that these emulsified fuel oils are difficult for igniting, and the incendiary caloric value can descend with the interpolation water yield (when for example adding the water yield and being 20 weight %, caloric value reduce to volume oil fuel 70%), moreover, when the interpolation water yield is 30 weight %, then can't light a fire, thereby limit its industry applications.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of emulsification synthetic fuel oil, have the caloric value suitable with isopyknic oil fuel; The concentration and the quantity of burning back discharging waste gas are lower than equal-volume oil fuel; Has long-time storage and advantages such as the unseparated characteristic of profit.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of making the emulsification synthetic fuel oil.
Emulsification synthetic fuel oil provided by the present invention is made with specific conditions by oil fuel, water and the additive of specified proportion.Employed additive not only has the effect that makes oil fuel and water generates water-in-oil (W/O), and the functional group that it had also can provide energy, make oil fuel through after the suitable shearing and heating schedule, the long carbon bond of its alkane or the covalent conjugate bond rupture of aromatic hydrocarbon become short carbon bond, the oil fuel and the water of this short carbon bond form an emulsification by the additive as tensio-active agent.Its effect not only is water generating gasification when water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion fuel oil firing, and the oil that will surround it is diffused as vaporific material " microexplosion " phenomenon, so that fuel oil fully burns, reduce pollution index, short carbon bond hydrogen compound increases when more being its burning, has the net thermal value suitable with oil fuel.This novel hydrocarbon polymer stores in the temperature below 45 ℃ and still has the unseparated effect of profit more than 1 year simultaneously.
The invention provides a kind of emulsification synthetic fuel oil, it is water in oil form, and is made up of following ingredients:
The heavy oil of 550～800 weight parts;
The water of 200～450 weight parts; And
The additive of 2～20 weight parts, it is 2.5 to 8 nonionic surface active agent that this additive comprises a HLB value, one stablizer and an antioxidant, wherein this nonionic surface active agent is by the fatty acid polyglycol ethylene oxide or higher alcohols polyoxyethylene ene compound, SPAN20～80 and TWEEN20～80 serial emulsifying agents are modulated forms, and this nonionic surface active agent accounts for 20～70% of all the components gross weight in this additive.
Below form to launch explanation with regard to additive.
Additive used in the present invention mainly comprises following ingredients:
(1) nonionic surface active agent: it is water-in-oil (w/o type) nonionic surface active agent of hydrophile-lipophile balance value HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) scope between 2.5 to 8, it is the adulterant of one or more non-ionic surfactant emulsifying agent, by fatty acid polyglycol ethylene oxide with four to 18 carbochains or higher alcohols polyoxyethylene ene compound, as polyoxyethylene aliphatic alcohol ether (polyoxyethylene aliphatic alcohol ether) or polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol (polyoxyethylene lauryl ether), SPAN20～80 and TWEEN20～80 serial emulsifying agents are modulated and are formed.
(2) stablizer: it comprises a kind of phenolic compound, for example cresols, xylenol, fourth phenol, octyl phenol, second octyl phenol, the last of the ten Heavenly stems phenol etc., and a kind of polyol compound, for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, isoamyl tetrol etc.This phenolic compound and polyol compound can carry out condensation reaction, between the water-oil phase interface of emulsification synthetic fuel oil, form a stable interfacial film.In addition, stablizer of the present invention also comprises one or more organo-peroxide, one or more organic solvent and dilution oil plant, and it has the emulsification of enhancement synthetic fuel oil aptitude to burn.Wherein this organo-peroxide is selected from and comprises dibenzoyl peroxide, peroxidation two tributyls, 2-ethyl and cross oxy hexanoic acid tri-n-butyl, peroxide trimethylacetic acid tri-n-butyl and composition thereof; This organic solvent is selected from and comprises diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dibutyl phthalate, butylacetate, methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK) and composition thereof; This dilution oil plant then can be diesel oil or heavy oil or the known oil plant that dilutes and/or dissolve organo-peroxide.Stablizer of the present invention further comprises a kind of inorganic peroxide that comprises potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate and potassium bichromate etc. that is selected from, in order to promote emulsifying effect between oil fuel and the water and the formation that promotes interfacial film.
(3) antioxidant: for making made additive arranged the long storing phase, thereby need the adding antioxidant to go bad to avoid producing oxidative phenomena.General antioxidant (or sanitas) can reach requirement, for example 2,6 two tributyl p-cresol, 2,62 the 3rd butanols, 2,62 the tributyls-alpha, alpha-dimethyl amido p-cresol.
The consumption of above-mentioned nonionic surface active agent, stablizer and antioxidant accounts for 20～70%, 15～60% and 0.2～15% weight ratio of all the components summation in the additive respectively.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of making the emulsification synthetic fuel oil, comprises the following step successively:
Provide one by oil fuel, the mixture that water and additive are formed, wherein this mixture comprises the heavy oil of 550～800 weight parts, the additive of the water of 200～450 weight parts and 2～20 weight parts, and it is 2.5～8 nonionic surface active agent that this additive comprises a HLB value, one stablizer and an antioxidant, wherein this nonionic surface active agent is by fatty acid polyglycol ethylene oxide or higher alcohols polyoxyethylene ene compound, SPAN20～80 and TWEEN20～80 serial emulsifying agents are modulated and are formed, and this nonionic surface active agent accounts for 20～70% of all the components gross weight in this additive;
Velocity of shear with 2～50 meter/second under 70～95 ℃ of temperature stirred 5～12 minutes;
Stir and cut this mixture fast with the velocity of shear of 10～500 meter/second and reach 12～30 minutes;
Continue to stir this mixture 10～30 minutes and be cooled to the storage of back below 45 ℃ with the speed of velocity of shear 0.5～30 meter/second.
Below launch further instruction with regard to the manufacture method of emulsification synthetic fuel oil:
(a) low speed mixing reaction---oil fuel 550～800 weight parts, water 200～450 weight parts (oil fuel+water is totally 1000 weight parts) that will be heated to 70 ℃～95 ℃ have in the reactor of whipping appts with the above-mentioned additive adding of 2～20 weight parts.Stirred 5～12 minutes with 300～1000RPM (whipping appts about 30～300 centimeters, its velocity of shear is about 2～50 meter/second) diameter, at this moment between in the process, the temperature of reactor should remain on 70 ℃～95 ℃.The effect of this step is to utilize the mechanical force of whipping appts, quickens the dispersion of oil phase and water, and the effect by tensio-active agent, makes oil phase particle and water particle thorough mixing, and carries out preliminary reaction.
(b) short mix cutting reaction---the rotating speed of whipping appts is increased to 1000～5000RPM, carry out 12～30 minutes quick stirring and cutting (whipping appts about 30～300 centimeters, its velocity of shear is about 10～500 meter/second) diameter.In this process, reactor can reduce by 5～20 ℃ of temperature under uninsulated situation.The effect of this step is that the centrifugal force and the shear strength that utilize whipping appts to provide clash into, the cutting particle, with the particle of further dispersion oil phase and aqueous phase.This stirs the effect that helps further to pass through the high energy base in the additive with the formed physical environment of cutting fast, and the long carbon bond knot with oil fuel cuts into short carbon bond knot, and carries out bond with water, generates new compound.Whether the employed whipping appts structure of this step can bring into play its burning usefulness to the emulsification synthetic fuel oil that is generated, quite important.For reaching better effect and improving the good rate of the emulsification synthetic fuel oil of manufacturing, adopting the blade of stirrer is that cutter type and the whipping appts with cutting function are preferable.Particle diameter that this quick whipping procedure generates needs about 0.3～10 micron, wherein need account for 50～90% less than 1.5 microns particle, so that the emulsification synthetic fuel oil has preferable effect.The alkane of heavy oil has long carbon bond, and aromatic hydrocarbon then has the covalent conjugate electronic configuration, and they close hydrocarbon more than satisfying and are easy to scission of link.In this step, provide heat energy by the high energy matrix in the additive during reaction, cooperate suitable temperature and stir this physical environment of the shear effect that produces, make the long carbon bond of heavy oil and the hydrocarbon polymer that the conjugated link(age) scission of link generates shorter key, along with increasing of short carbon bond hydrogen compound, fuel value raises in succession, and the heat energy that discharges when then burning just the more.
(c) low speed mixing cutting reaction---carry out cooling and stirring so that mixed oil, water two-phase to be unlikely Yin Wendu in process of cooling still high and make discontinuous water interosculate into macromole greatly because of kinetic energy, destroy the emulsive effect.But the speed that stirs is also unsuitable too fast, and because of oil, water two-phase can form stable interface when the low temperature, the excessive velocities of stirring can this two-phase of disturbance and make water molecules be incorporated into macromole, causes the phenomenon of oil, water sepn.The stirring velocity that is fit in this step is about 40～800RPM (with about 30～300 centimeters whipping appts of diameter, its velocity of shear is about 0.5～30 meter/second).In this step, the temperature that need be stirred to the emulsification synthetic fuel oil is preferably 20～45 ℃ below 45 ℃.Do not need cooling on this process principle, but for the time of quickening to produce, can utilize the refrigerative mode to shorten the time, but the high temperature during from step (b) is reduced to 45 ℃ of following temperature, required time was at least 10～30 minutes, in order to avoid produce unsettled interface, cause the time of storing in the future length and the phenomenon of generation oily water separation because of quick cooling makes oil, water two-phase.In this process, EP-S100 stablizer generation effect generates stable interfacial film at oil-aqueous phase, and increases the inflammableness of emulsification synthetic fuel oil, makes its general easy ignition of oil fuel, not because of moisture its inflammableness that reduces.
(d) store: after above-mentioned steps (c) was finished, the emulsification synthetic fuel oil that the present invention produced generated.If store below 45 ℃ with airtight storage barrel, this product can the above one year shelf lives, can't separative phenomenon.But if store in general storing in the bucket, because of the influence of aqueous vapor in the atmosphere, can make this mixing heavy oil after storing for some time, the bottom can generate a little moisture, but the amount of its moisture can be less than the general oil fuel that stores in the same terms and time.The quality of emulsification synthetic fuel oil can install recycle unit additional in the daily oil storage vessel of boiler when guaranteeing to burn, and making does not become independent water when sneaking into the emulsification synthetic fuel oil because of the moisture that aqueous vapor generated in the atmosphere, the quality when guaranteeing to burn.
Description of drawings
Make the schema of emulsification synthetic fuel oil in Fig. 1 specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is a schema of making the emulsification synthetic fuel oil in the specific embodiment of the invention, relates to oil fuel O among the figure, water W, additive A, heating tank 11, heating tank 12, oil pump P1, water pump P 2, oil pump P3-P9, automatic filing provision 13, initial reactor 210, reactor 31,32 and 33, whipping appts 310,320 and 330, reactor 41,42 and 43, whipping appts 410,420 and 430, and storage tanks 5.Used device is with 1 ton of emulsification synthetic fuel oil of every batch process, and the every batch of production time is designed under 15～30 minutes the condition, and its Production Flow Chart is as follows:
Send into respectively in heating tank 11 and the heating tank 12 being preheated to 40～60 ℃ 600 kilograms heavy oil 0 and 400 kilograms water W, and in 10～20 minutes, heating tank 11 and heating tank 12 are heated to 75～90 ℃.Wherein heating tank 11 and heating tank 12 be utilize 5～8 barometric points steam by the heating of the heating pipeloop in the groove, and have the stirring at low speed equipment of 30～60RPM, so that oil in the groove, water temp are even.
Then heavy oil in heating tank 11 and the heating tank 12 and water are sent in the initial reactor 21 with 1 ton of capacity with oil pump P1 and water pump P 2 respectively, and through automatic filing provision 13,5 kilograms additive A are added in the reactor 21, wherein this additive system by 55% nonionic surface active agent (by polyoxyethylene aliphatic alcohol ether, SPAN 65 (sorbitan tristearate) and TWEEN65 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate) mix with 5: 4: 1 weight ratios), 40% stablizer is (by octyl phenol, the isoamyl tetrol, dibenzoyl peroxide, butylacetate, heavy oil and potassium permanganate mix) and 5% antioxidant (2,62 the 3rd butanols) mix.Initial reactor 21 is equiped with whipping appts 210, adopts general blade to get final product, and stirring velocity remains on 500～700RPM, makes oil, water and additive thorough mixing and carries out initial reaction.In the present embodiment, reactor 21 makes temperature remain on 75～90 ℃ by the heating of steam formula heating pipeloop, and the reaction times is 6～9 minutes.
After finishing above-mentioned low speed mixing reaction, send into one of three reactors 31,32 and 33 (disposing whipping appts 310,320 and 330 respectively) in proper order with oil pump P3 and carry out short mix and cutting reaction.The characteristics of this step whipping appts are around the employed agitating vane gear type blade with cutting function is arranged, or other has the blade of high speed cutting function.Churning time is 14～24 minutes, speed 1400～3000RPM, and this step does not need insulation simultaneously, can lower the temperature naturally with external temperature.Since this step with respect to the rapid required time of previous step about about 3 times, for rapid reaction times of this step of balance and previous step to improve throughput rate, therefore design three reactors, the mixing profit after being finished suddenly by previous step is sent into the reactor 31,32 and 33 of this step in regular turn.
Then, respectively reacted oil plant in reactor 31,32 and 33 is sent into its corresponding reactor 41,42 and 43 (disposing whipping appts 410,420 and 430 respectively) with oil pump P4, P5 and P6.This step focus on lowering the temperature the time mix to stir, thereby reactor need have refrigerating unit, the used refrigerating unit of the application be around reactor, the cooling pipeloop of interior logical water coolant, its cooling power need be cooled to 30～45 ℃ in 10～25 minutes.In the process of this step cooling, the liquid in the reactor still makes the stable reaction of profit two-phase, so reactor needs the device whipping device so that liquid mixing is complete, and can make cooling temperature evenly reach speed of cooling to accelerate.The speed that this step stirs need be controlled at 100～400RPM, and agitating vane to be GENERAL TYPE get final product.
The used steam-type pipeloop of above-mentioned heating also can adopt electrothermal method or other type of heating, but need reach the temperature of required control within a certain period of time; In addition, refrigerating unit is except that by feeding the heat absorption pipeloop with normal-temperature water in the groove, also can air cooled or alternate manner reach cooling performance.
With oil pump P7, P8 and P9 the emulsification synthetic fuel oil of making is sent in the storage tanks 5 at last, be the quality of keeping, storage tanks can optionally be selected circulation device for use, is distributed in oil phase and aqueous phase uniformly and stably with the molecule that keeps the emulsification synthetic fuel oil.
Embodiment 2 to 10
Except the consumption of heavy oil, water and additive, all the other manufacturing process are identical with embodiment 1.
The consumption of heavy oil, water and additive is as shown in table 1 among the embodiment 2 to 10:
The consumption of heavy oil, water and additive among table 1 embodiment 2 to 10
| Embodiment | Heavy oil (kilogram) | Water (kilogram) | Additive (kilogram) |
| 2 | 550 | 450 | 20 |
| 3 | 550 | 450 | 8 |
| 4 | 600 | 400 | 12 |
| 5 | 600 | 400 | 8 |
| 6 | 600 | 400 | 2 |
| 7 | 700 | 300 | 6 |
| 8 | 700 | 300 | 12 |
| 9 | 800 | 200 | 6 |
| 10 | 800 | 200 | 14 |
Get the prepared emulsified fuel oil of above-mentioned each embodiment 1-10 and measure its caloric value with Parr1266 Calorimeter micro computer calorimeter, the result is as shown in table 2.
The caloric value of the emulsified fuel oil of table 2 embodiment 1-10
| Example | Caloric value (cal/g) |
| 1 | 10200 |
| 2 | 10000 |
| 3 | 10000 |
| 4 | 10200 |
| 5 | 10200 |
| 6 | 10000 |
| 7 | 10500 |
| 8 | 10500 |
| 9 | 10800 |
| 10 | 10800 |
Learn by measuring result, more than the caloric value of the prepared emulsification synthetic fuel oil of heavy oil, water and additive amount of each embodiment suitable with equal-volume oil fuel, discharge amount of pollution after the burning is about 40 to 60% of equal-volume oil fuel simultaneously, the concentration of the concentration of the NOx that discharges in boiler combustion is 120 to 160ppm (discharging of oil fuel be 240 to 380ppm), SOx is 180 to 260ppm (discharging of oil fuel be 350 to 470ppm), well below the pollutent of fuel oil combustion discharging.Emulsification synthetic fuel oil of the present invention can keep 45 ℃ of following storages that profit does not separate more than 1 year.
In sum, not only caloric value is with suitable with volume oil fuel for emulsification synthetic fuel oil of the present invention, and the pollutent of discharging is lower, and compares with known emulsified fuel oil and to have the following advantages:
(1) known emulsified fuel oil only can be kept a couple of days profit and not separate, and emulsification synthetic fuel oil of the present invention can keep 45 ℃ of following storages that profit does not separate more than 1 year, so be fit to very much mass production and long-distance transporting.
(2) known emulsified fuel oil, when the interpolation water yield is 20 weight %, the incendiary caloric value is reduced to 70% of volume oil fuel, when the interpolation water yield is 30 weight %, then can't light a fire, and the water addition of emulsification synthetic fuel oil of the present invention can reach 45 weight %, and caloric value is still worked as with the crude fuel oil phase with volume.
Therefore, the present invention is a novelty, progress and practical invention in fact, and is all according to modification and equivalence transformation that the present invention did, all is included in the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. emulsification synthetic fuel oil, it is the water-in-oil form and is made up of following ingredients:
The heavy oil of 550～800 weight parts;
The water of 200～450 weight parts; And
The additive of 2～20 weight parts, it is 2.5 to 8 nonionic surface active agent that this additive comprises a HLB value, one stablizer and an antioxidant, wherein this nonionic surface active agent is by the fatty acid polyglycol ethylene oxide or higher alcohols polyoxyethylene ene compound, SPAN20～80 and TWEEN20～80 serial emulsifying agents are modulated forms, and this nonionic surface active agent accounts for 20～70% of all the components gross weight in this additive; In the described additive of described stabilizer comprises 15～60% of all the components gross weight, and described antioxidant accounts for 0.2～15% of all the components gross weight in the described additive.
2. emulsification synthetic fuel oil as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described antioxidant is 2,6 two tributyl p-cresol, 2,62 the 3rd butanols or 2,62 the tributyls-alpha, alpha-dimethyl amido p-cresol.
3. method of making the described emulsification synthetic fuel oil of claim 1 comprises the following step:
(a) provide one by oil fuel, the mixture that water and additive are formed, wherein this mixture comprises the heavy oil of 550～800 weight parts, the additive of the water of 200～450 weight parts and 2～20 weight parts, and it is 2.5～8 nonionic surface active agent that this additive comprises a HLB value, one stablizer and an antioxidant, wherein this nonionic surface active agent is by fatty acid polyglycol ethylene oxide or higher alcohols polyoxyethylene ene compound, SPAN20～80 and TWEEN20～80 serial emulsifying agents are modulated and are formed, and this nonionic surface active agent accounts for 20～70% of all the components gross weight in this additive; In the described additive of described stabilizer comprises 15～60% of all the components gross weight, and described antioxidant accounts for 0.2～15% of all the components gross weight in the described additive;
(b) velocity of shear with 2～50 meter/second stirred 5～12 minutes under 70～95 ℃ of temperature;
(c) stir and cut this mixture fast with the velocity of shear of 10～500 meter/second and reach 12～30 minutes;
(d) continue to stir this mixture 10～30 minutes and be cooled to the storage of back below 45 ℃ with the speed of velocity of shear 0.5～30 meter/second.
4. the method for manufacturing emulsification synthetic fuel oil as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described antioxidant is 2,6 two tributyl p-cresol, 2,62 the 3rd butanols or 2,62 the tributyls-alpha, alpha-dimethyl amido p-cresol.
5. the method for manufacturing emulsification synthetic fuel oil as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in the step (a), described mixture stirred 5～10 minutes with the speed of 400～800RPM, and the temperature maintenance of described mixture is at 70～95 ℃.
6. the method for manufacturing emulsification synthetic fuel oil as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, step (b) the particulate diameter that generates in 0.3～10 micron scope, and diameter accounts for 50～90% less than 1.5 microns particle.
7. the method for manufacturing emulsification synthetic fuel oil as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, step (b) is used the whipping appts of the gear type blade with cutting function.
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| CN1331988C (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2007-08-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Emulsified fuel oil production method |
| CN101328427B (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2012-06-20 | 陈金义 | Formula of emulsified mixing oil |
| CN101671584B (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2013-05-08 | 皮洪波 | Fuel oil additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN103215612B (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2016-09-14 | 深圳市广仁达实业有限公司 | A kind of cutting fluid process units |
| CN103244093B (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2015-04-01 | 瑞实石油科技股份有限公司 | Method for generating combustion resonance steam from emulsified crude oil for heating oil wells |
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