CN1216491C - Application tier combined playing method for multi-point video conference system based on reciprocal interconnection - Google Patents
Application tier combined playing method for multi-point video conference system based on reciprocal interconnection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The prevent invention relates to an application layer multicast method for a multi-point video conference system based on reciprocal interconnection, which belongs to the communication field. The method comprises the following steps: A. a reciprocal interconnection multipoint video conference card connector is activated in instant message software, and people participating in the meeting are selected; B. a reciprocal body coordinator for the meeting is selected by using distributed election algorithm in the participants of the meeting to coordinate the organization of the video conference and the process /control of the vision voice data; C. the list for forwarding candidates is obtained by using the algorithm based a distributed hash table and the region clustering; D. the list for forwarding candidates is constructed by using the algorithm based on a buddy list; E. the reciprocal body coordinator elected by the step A insets the candidates obtained from the step C and the step D into a plurality of application layer multicast trees, and one application layer multicast tree dispenses one vision audio coding stream used for describing the encoding. The present invention makes an application layer multicast network and an IP layer overlay network consistent, and has the advantages of short time delay, large bandwidth, and improved quality of the vision voice transmission.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of application layer group broadcasting method, particularly a kind of application layer group broadcasting method of the multi-spot video conference system based on peerings.Belong to the video conferencing system field in the communication.
Background technology
Increasing in recent years video conferencing system is deployed on the Internet.Yet traditional large-scale video conferencing system all is centralized, needs a lot of special-purpose multipoint control units to be responsible for the processing and the control of video/audio data flow.Such as Megaconference is one of at present worldwide largest video conferencing system, and its meeting has surpassed 200 clients, has used 25 multipoint control units.This centralized characteristic need drop into a large amount of special-purpose multipoint control units, and causes Single Point of Faliure easily, and can not use Internet resources effectively.Used immediate information software when there is domestic consumer's online of 40% in the U.S. at present.Wherein the AOL immediate information software has 2,200 ten thousand users of surpassing, and the MSN immediate information software has 1,570 ten thousand users, and the Yahoo immediate information software has 1,240 ten thousand users, and ICQ has 4,400,000 users.But these immediate information softwares all do not have the function of multipoint videoconference.Suppose that the MSN immediate information software provides centralized multipoint videoconference service for 1,570 ten thousand users, need provide 15,700,000 * 0.01 * 0.125=19625 multipoint control unit (supposes that 1% user uses the multipoint videoconference service simultaneously, and each multipoint control unit can be supported 8 users simultaneously), buying multipoint control unit and renting bandwidth is a very huge expense.
Find by literature search, Stoca is at " Chord:A scalable peer-to-peer lookup servicefor Internet applications (Chord: the scalable equity service of searching that is applicable to internet, applications) " (ACM SIGCOMM, San Diego, CA, USA, 2001, pp.149-160 " Association for Computing Machinery's data communication special interest group calendar year 2001 annual meeting meeting collection ", the 149-160 page or leaf) in this piece article, proposed a equity and searched algorithm based on distributed hashtable, Chord network for N peer node formation, each node only need be followed the tracks of the information of logN other node, when peer-to-peer adds or withdraws from, only need logN other peer node of notice change its application layer routing table.The benefit of this distributed hashtable routing algorithm is that scalability is good, and shortcoming is that the application layer overlay network and IP (Internet protocol) the layer overlay network of its structure is inconsistent, and time-delay is big, and bandwidth is low, can not do in the above and look voice applications layer multicast in real time.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to defective or deficiency at the prior art existence, a kind of application layer group broadcasting method of the multi-spot video conference system based on peerings is provided, make it use distributed election algorithm to elect " the peer-to-peer coordinator " of whole video meeting, coordinate the processing/control of the tissue and the video/audio of video conference, do not need special-purpose multipoint control unit; Use obtains transmitting the tabulation of candidate based on the algorithm of distributed hashtable and region clustering, card format with immediate information software exists, the tabulation of transmitting candidate is constructed in use based on the algorithm of the buddy list of immediate information software, these two algorithms make application layer multicasting network consistent with internet protocol address layer overlay network, it is little to delay time, and bandwidth is big; Use many application layer multicast trees and the multiple description coded quality of looking audio transmission of improving.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and the present invention is based on the application layer group broadcasting method of the multi-spot video conference system of peerings, and method step is as follows:
A, from immediate information software, activate peerings multipoint videoconference plug-in unit, select people with a part in a conference;
The peer-to-peer coordinator of B, the distributed election algorithm election meeting of use in the participant of meeting coordinates the processing/control of the tissue and the video/audio of video conference;
The tabulation that C, use obtain transmitting candidate based on the algorithm of distributed hashtable and region clustering;
D, use are constructed the forwarding candidate list based on the algorithm of buddy list;
E, the peer-to-peer coordinator that elected by step B are inserted into many application layer multicasts tree the insides to the candidate that step C and D obtain, and an application layer multicast tree is responsible for the video encoding stream that coding is described in distribution one tunnel.
Described steps A, specific as follows:
A1, user activate peerings multipoint videoconference plug-in unit in immediate information software, in the online buddy list the inside of plug-in unit, select the people of expectation, invite its adding;
If A2, quilt are invited the people also to adorn peerings multipoint videoconference plug-in unit, then plug-in unit can eject prompting, is invited the people to select to accept the invitation or refuse and invites;
If A3, quilt are invited the people not adorn peerings multipoint videoconference plug-in unit, then invite for refusal automatically;
A4 or repeatedly execution in step A1 invite a plurality of people to add meeting to A3.
Described step B, when user installation peerings multipoint videoconference plug-in unit, and when joining in the meeting, specific as follows:
B1, be zero when the participant P of meeting finds the number of peer-to-peer coordinator in the meeting, when perhaps the peer-to-peer coordinator stops to respond, just initiate an election, send election message to all participants, the inside comprises the login name of the immediate information software of oneself;
If participant's number of B2 response is zero, P just wins in current election, becomes the peer-to-peer coordinator;
If B3 exists participant's the login name of immediate information software bigger than P, will respond, P withdraws from current election automatically.
Described step C, after the peer-to-peer coordinator produces, specific as follows:
C1, utilize all peer-to-peers the distributed hash table algorithm to be linked to be a distributed hashtable overlay network;
C2, each peer-to-peer are looked into local internet protocol address and network area database of information, obtain area code;
C3, each peer-to-peer convert area code to cryptographic Hash by the distributed hash algorithm;
C4, by the distributed hashtable overlay network internet protocol address is sent to the pairing peer-to-peer of cryptographic Hash and preserve, thereby the peer-to-peer cluster that belongs to the identical network zone together;
C5, obtain the internet protocol address tabulation of the peer-to-peer in consolidated network zone by the distributed hashtable algorithm queries.
Described step D, after the peer-to-peer coordinator produces, specific as follows:
D1, the participant that the extranets internet protocol address is arranged in the meeting put into the buddy list of whole meeting;
D2, for the buddy list of whole meeting, the buddy list of wherein each element is joined in the buddy list of whole meeting;
If the buddy list of the whole meeting that D3 obtains like this is less than certain numerical value, execution in step D2 is three times repeatedly, up to obtaining enough good friend's numbers or withdrawing from.
Described step e, after obtaining candidate list, specific as follows:
E1, add, in each application layer multicast tree, find its father node, set up the bi-directional chaining of itself and father node as new node;
E2, when node initiatively leaves, in each application layer multicast tree,, then all child nodes of this node are changed to initiate node this node and its original father node and child node renunciation, handle according to step e 1;
E3, when node breaks down, the peer-to-peer coordinator checks once the situation of all nodes at set intervals, if stop response for three times continuously, then is considered as initiatively leaving, and handles according to step e 2.
The present invention has substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement, the present invention proposes a kind of application layer group broadcasting method of the multi-spot video conference system based on peerings, do not need a large amount of special-purpose multipoint control units, it uses distributed peer-entities structure application layer multicast to set and transmits real-time video/audio, and uses a plurality of application layer multicast trees and the multiple description coded quality that guarantees to look audio transmission.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 the present invention is based on many multiple description coded application layer multicast tree structure schematic diagrames
Fig. 2 is the clustering algorithm flow chart that the present invention is based on distributed hashtable and network area
Fig. 3 is for the present invention is based on the buddy list algorithm flow chart
Fig. 4 the present invention is based on many multiple description coded application layer multicast tree centralized management algorithm flow charts
Fig. 5 is the multiple description coded structure chart of the present invention
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail.Specific as follows:
A, from immediate information software, activate " peerings multipoint videoconference " plug-in unit, select people with a part in a conference;
B, in the participant of meeting, use " the peer-to-peer coordinator " of distributed election algorithm election meeting, coordinate the processing/control of the tissue and the video/audio of video conference;
The tabulation that C, use obtain transmitting candidate based on the algorithm of distributed hashtable and region clustering;
D, use are constructed the forwarding candidate list based on the algorithm of buddy list;
E, " the peer-to-peer coordinator " that elected by step B are inserted into many application layer multicasts tree the insides to the candidate that step C and D obtain, and an application layer multicast tree is responsible for the video encoding stream that coding is described in distribution one tunnel.
● described steps A comprises the following steps:
A1, user activate " peerings multipoint videoconference " plug-in unit in immediate information software, in the online buddy list the inside of plug-in unit, select the people of expectation, invite its adding;
If A2, quilt are invited the people also to adorn " peerings multipoint videoconference " plug-in unit, then plug-in unit can eject prompting, is invited the people to select to accept the invitation or refuse and invites;
If A3, quilt are invited not dress " peerings multipoint videoconference " plug-in unit of people, then invite for refusing automatically;
A4, execution in step A1 invites a plurality of people to add meeting to A3 repeatedly.
Described step C algorithm flow as shown in Figure 2, after " peer-to-peer coordinator " produced, it comprised the following steps:
C1, utilize all peer-to-peers the distributed hash table algorithm to be linked to be a distributed hashtable overlay network;
C2, each peer-to-peer are looked into local internet protocol address and network area database of information, obtain area code;
C3, each peer-to-peer convert area code to cryptographic Hash by the distributed hash algorithm;
C4, by the distributed hashtable overlay network internet protocol address is sent to the pairing peer-to-peer of cryptographic Hash and preserve, thereby the peer-to-peer cluster that belongs to the identical network zone together;
C5, obtain the internet protocol address tabulation of the peer-to-peer in consolidated network zone by the distributed hashtable algorithm queries.
Illustrate as follows:
(1) supposes to have constructed a overlay network with 10000 nodes by distributed hashtable.A given peer-to-peer Peer_1, the internet protocol address of supposing it is 202.120.8.34, by inquiry internet protocol address and network area matching database "; (it comprises " the internet protocol address scope is initial "; the internet protocol address scope is ended ", " country ", " network provider " and " network area code "), the network area code of knowing it as " Shanghai Communications University's campus network ", then this code is obtained cryptographic Hash K1 by the distributed hash algorithm process.In the distributed hashtable overlay network, come corresponding this cryptographic Hash K1, so the Peer_1 message that sends to overlay network " joins internet protocol address 202.120.8.34 among the code cryptographic Hash K1 of network area " and is routed to P1 by node P1.
(2) for second peer-to-peer Peer_2, the internet protocol address of supposing it is 202.120.34.8, can obtain " internet protocol address and network area matching database ", thereby the network area code of knowing it as " Shanghai Communications University's campus network ", then this code is obtained cryptographic Hash K1 by the distributed hash algorithm process.Peer_2 uses and to search (K1) function, obtains the peer list of same network area, and that search in this example that (K1) return is the internet protocol address 202.120.8.34 of Peer_1.Execution is searched (K1) function and is spent the redirect of log10000=5 peer application layer route at most.
(3) for the 3rd peer-to-peer Peer_3, the internet protocol address of supposing it is 202.120.69.8, can obtain " internet protocol address and network area matching database ", thereby the network area code of knowing it as " Shanghai Medical Univ's campus network ", then this code is obtained cryptographic Hash K2 by the distributed hash algorithm process.Peer_3 uses and to search (K1) function, obtains the peer list of same network area, and what search in this example that (K1) return is empty.Therefore it inquires about other network areas of same Internet Service Provider, and for example " Shanghai Communications University's campus network " obtains cryptographic Hash K1 to this code by the distributed hash algorithm process then.Peer_3 uses and to search (K1) function, obtains the peer list of same network area, and that search in this example that (K1) return is the internet protocol address 202.120.8.34 of Peer_1 and the internet protocol address 202.120.34.8 of Peer_2.Execution is searched (K2) and is searched (K1) function and spends the redirect of 2*log10000=10 peer application layer route at most.
● the algorithm flow of described step D as shown in Figure 3, after " peer-to-peer coordinator " produced, it comprised the following steps:
D1, the participant that the extranets internet protocol address is arranged in the meeting put into the buddy list of whole meeting;
D2, for the buddy list of whole meeting, the buddy list of wherein each element is joined in the buddy list of whole meeting;
If the buddy list of the whole meeting that D3 obtains like this is less than certain numerical value (for example be 5*N, N is whole meeting participant's a number), execution in step D2 is three times repeatedly, up to obtaining enough good friend's numbers or withdrawing from.
● the algorithm flow of described step e as shown in Figure 4, after obtaining candidate list, it comprises the following steps:
E1, add, in each application layer multicast tree, find its father node, set up the bi-directional chaining of itself and father node as new node;
E2, when node initiatively leaves, in each application layer multicast tree,, then all child nodes of this node are changed to initiate node this node and its original father node and child node renunciation, handle according to step e 1;
E3, when node breaks down, " peer-to-peer coordinator " checked the once situation of all nodes every 30 seconds, if continuous three times do not respond, then be considered as initiatively leaving, and handled according to step e 2.
As shown in Figure 5, multiple description codedly adopt multiple mode to be described to same video content, original video sequence is compressed into multidigit stream, each flows corresponding a kind of description, each description can obtain acceptable video quality, and multiple describing mode combines can make video quality be enhanced; The advantage of this method is to have realized the robustness that data are lost and the quality of enhancing, and the redundancy of real-time video/audio is provided.Its structure has comprised an encoder, two-way description stream and three decoders as shown in Figure 5, and multiple description coded device is encoded to two-way description stream looking audio-source, and three decoders can be received description stream partly or completely respectively.Wherein decoder 1 (D1) only receives that the first via describes encoding stream, and decoder 0 (D0) receives that whole two-way describe encoding stream, and decoder 2 (D2) receives only the second the tunnel and describes encoding stream.Describe encoding stream though D1 and D2 decoder have lost one the tunnel separately, can independently decode and look audio frequency, the D0 decoder has been received whole description encoding streams, so can decode than D1 and the higher-quality audio frequency of looking of D2.
Many application layer multicasts tree in real time the distribution video/audio data flows as shown in Figure 1, the intermediate node load of single traditional application layer multicast tree all transmitting multicast data flows.K layer in a balance f fork tree, the number of intermediate node is
The number of leaf node is f
k, so the number of leaf node is f times of intermediate node.For balance 16 fork trees, the node above 90% is a leaf node, and all transmitting multicast data flows are born by the intermediate node less than 10%.If all nodes have identical input bandwidth, the output bandwidth that intermediate node needs is 16 times of input bandwidth.For problem that solves this network bandwidth laod unbalance and the quality that improves Network Transmission, distribute video/audio data flow in real time based on many multiple description coded application layer multicast trees in conjunction with multiple description coded the proposition.It uses the different different video-voice frequency flows of describing of multicast tree distribution, overcome the problem of the Single Point of Faliure of single application layer multicast tree distribution, provide the redundancy of net distribution, by all transmitting multicast data flows are shared out equally the imbalance that all nodes have alleviated offered load.Look audio-source for one and be encoded as the different description encoding stream in k road, by the distribution of k different application layer multicast tree, each peer-to-peer is chosen in the (m＜=k) of reception m road encoding stream in m the multicast tree according to own bandwidth.Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram under the situation of k=2, and node 1 is divided into the first via and looks audio description encoding stream and the second tunnel and look the audio description encoding stream looking audio-source.First multicast tree represents with solid line that in Fig. 1 node 1 is the father node of node 8, and node 8 is again father node of node 7 and node 4 or the like.Second multicast tree dots in Fig. 1, and node 1 is the father node of node 2, and node 2 is again father node of node 6 and node 3 or the like.Suppose that it is B/2 that the bandwidth of encoding stream is described on every road, as seen from Figure 1, maximum inflow bandwidth of each node are B, and flowing out bandwidth at most also is B.And the maximum of single balanced binary multicast tree outflow bandwidth is 2B.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of application layer group broadcasting method of the multi-spot video conference system based on peerings is characterized in that method step is as follows:
A, from immediate information software, activate peerings multipoint videoconference plug-in unit, select people with a part in a conference;
The peer-to-peer coordinator of B, the distributed election algorithm election meeting of use in the participant of meeting coordinates the processing/control of the tissue and the video/audio of video conference;
The tabulation that C, use obtain transmitting candidate based on the algorithm of distributed hashtable and region clustering;
D, use are constructed the forwarding candidate list based on the algorithm of buddy list;
E, the peer-to-peer coordinator that elected by step B are inserted into many application layer multicasts tree the insides to the candidate that step C and D obtain, and an application layer multicast tree is responsible for the video encoding stream that coding is described in distribution one tunnel.
2, the application layer group broadcasting method of the multi-spot video conference system based on peerings according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described steps A is specific as follows:
A1, user activate peerings multipoint videoconference plug-in unit in immediate information software, in the online buddy list the inside of plug-in unit, select the people of expectation, invite its adding;
If A2, quilt are invited the people also to adorn peerings multipoint videoconference plug-in unit, then plug-in unit can eject prompting, is invited the people to select to accept the invitation or refuse and invites;
If A3, quilt are invited the people not adorn peerings multipoint videoconference plug-in unit, then invite for refusal automatically;
A4 or repeatedly execution in step A1 invite a plurality of people to add meeting to A3.
3, the application layer group broadcasting method of the multi-spot video conference system based on peerings according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step B, when user installation peerings multipoint videoconference plug-in unit, and when joining in the meeting, specific as follows:
B1, be zero when the participant P of meeting finds the number of peer-to-peer coordinator in the meeting, when perhaps the peer-to-peer coordinator stops to respond, just initiate an election, send election message to all participants, the inside comprises the login name of the immediate information software of oneself;
If participant's number of B2 response is zero, P just wins in current election, becomes the peer-to-peer coordinator;
If B3 exists participant's the login name of immediate information software bigger than P, will respond, P withdraws from current election automatically.
4, the application layer group broadcasting method of the multi-spot video conference system based on peerings according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step C is after the peer-to-peer coordinator produces, specific as follows:
C1, utilize all peer-to-peers the distributed hash table algorithm to be linked to be a distributed hashtable overlay network;
C2, each peer-to-peer are looked into local internet protocol address and network area database of information, obtain area code;
C3, each peer-to-peer convert area code to cryptographic Hash by the distributed hash algorithm;
C4, by the distributed hashtable overlay network internet protocol address is sent to the pairing peer-to-peer of cryptographic Hash and preserve, thereby the peer-to-peer cluster that belongs to the identical network zone together;
C5, obtain the internet protocol address tabulation of the peer-to-peer in consolidated network zone by the distributed hashtable algorithm queries.
5, the application layer group broadcasting method of the multi-spot video conference system based on peerings according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step D is after the peer-to-peer coordinator produces, specific as follows:
D1, the participant that the extranets internet protocol address is arranged in the meeting put into the buddy list of whole meeting;
D2, for the buddy list of whole meeting, the buddy list of wherein each element is joined in the buddy list of whole meeting;
If the buddy list of the whole meeting that D3 obtains like this is less than certain numerical value, execution in step D2 is three times repeatedly, up to obtaining enough good friend's numbers or withdrawing from.
6, the application layer group broadcasting method of the multi-spot video conference system based on peerings according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step e is after obtaining candidate list, specific as follows:
E1, add, in each application layer multicast tree, find its father node, set up the bi-directional chaining of itself and father node as new node;
E2, when node initiatively leaves, in each application layer multicast tree,, then all child nodes of this node are changed to initiate node this node and its original father node and child node renunciation, handle according to step e 1;
E3, when node breaks down, the peer-to-peer coordinator checks once the situation of all nodes at set intervals, if stop response for three times continuously, then is considered as initiatively leaving, and handles according to step e 2.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102315949A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-11 | 苏州阔地网络科技有限公司 | Method for realizing p2p technology-based network conference |
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| CN103023666B (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2016-08-31 | 维德约股份有限公司 | For low latency and the system and method for the conference server architectures of distributed conference applications |
| CN101507267B (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2011-09-14 | 维德约股份有限公司 | System and method for scalable and low-delay videoconferencing using scalable video coding |
| US8243630B2 (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2012-08-14 | Microsoft Corporation | Application-level routing protocol for multiparty audio-video conferencing |
| JP4353239B2 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2009-10-28 | ソニー株式会社 | Contact information registration method, node and distributed hash table |
| CN101312560B (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2011-08-24 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Apparatus and method for providing broadcast and multicast service in mobile communication |
| CN101572620B (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2012-01-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for constructing multi-tree topology and root node |
| CN101848099B (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2012-12-05 | 西安电子科技大学 | Network conference system and conference realization method thereof |
| CN104821964B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2019-01-01 | 浙江传媒学院 | Across channel assistance method and system based on IP multicast group |
| CN104901818B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2019-01-01 | 浙江传媒学院 | A kind of IP multicast is blended in the application layer multicast realization method and system of netted nerve of a covering |
| US10270610B2 (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2019-04-23 | Apple Inc. | Selection of a coordinator device for an automated environment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102315949A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-11 | 苏州阔地网络科技有限公司 | Method for realizing p2p technology-based network conference |
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