CN1215904C - High dispersing supported type nickel catalyst prepared by lamellar precursor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High dispersing supported type nickel catalyst prepared by lamellar precursor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1215904C CN1215904C CN 02131248 CN02131248A CN1215904C CN 1215904 C CN1215904 C CN 1215904C CN 02131248 CN02131248 CN 02131248 CN 02131248 A CN02131248 A CN 02131248A CN 1215904 C CN1215904 C CN 1215904C
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Abstract
The present invention introduces a highly dispersed nickel supported catalyst prepared from layered precursors and a preparation method thereof. The present invention takes Al2O3 as a carrier, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of layered precursors containing Ni ions are assembled in the inner holes of a surface layer of Al2O3, a kind of composite material of NiAl-LDHs/Al2O3 is obtained and then roasted into correspondingly mixed metal oxides at high temperature, and Ni supported catalysts in which Ni is high dispersed on the surfaces of the inner holes of Al2O3 as the carrier are obtained by way of reduction treatment before use. The highly dispersed nickel supported catalyst is applied to catalytic hydrogenation reaction and has the advantages of high activity and high selectivity.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of high dispersing supported type nickel catalyst by lamellar precursor preparation and preparation method thereof, this catalyst is mainly used in catalysis hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene reduction preparation aniline.
Technical background:
Industrially prepare aniline, mainly adopt two class catalyst by the nitrobenzene catalytic hydrogenating reduction: carried noble metal such as Pd, Pt, Ru catalyst and Ni catalyst based as Raney nickel (Appl.Catal.A:General2000,202:17).The Raney Raney nickel needs to use a large amount of NaOH strong base solutions in preparation process, has the serious environmental pollution problem; Adopt noble metal catalyst then to be difficult to economically accept.Development is cheap, efficient and environment do not produced the novel supported Ni base hydrogenation catalyst of pollution, avoids using strong base solution to become the numerous and confused key areas that drops into of each major company and R﹠D institution both at home and abroad to improve environmental benefit and economic benefit.Some units of China such as Research Institute of Petro-Chemical Engineering, Fudan University etc. have obtained important result of study (Catal.Today, 1998,44:3 in the preparation of nickel amorphous alloy catalyst and catalytic hydrogenation reaction thereof; 1999,51:113; Appl.Catal.A:General 2000, and 202:17), yet amorphous alloy catalyst exists the not high problem of heat endurance.
At present, traditional infusion process is still generally adopted in the preparation of industrial load type metal catalyst, the processing stage of catalyst dry, be subjected to the influence of maceration extract surface tension and solvation effect, the metal active constituent presoma is deposited on carrier surface with aggregate form, and roasting process subsequently is difficult to break this high concentration class; In addition, can not form strong interaction between dipping back slaine species and the carrier, high-temperature roasting causes metallic migration gathering easily and forms big crystal grain.More than the generation of two kinds of phenomenons cause the bad dispersibility of metal active constituent easily, and then have influence on the performance of catalyst and the repeatability of preparation.Explore high-dispersion loading type Preparation of catalysts method, be the important topic of Preparation of Catalyst area research always.
Houghite lamellar compound (Layered Double Hydroxides, be called for short LDHs) be the novel inorganic anion stratified material of a class, the composite metal oxide particle that obtains through the high-temperature roasting of LDHs presoma is little, specific area is big, and has good heat endurance, in heterogeneous catalytic reaction, show good prospects for application (Catal.Today as catalyst, 1991,11:173; Appl.Clay Sci., 1999,14:161).
People such as Cordier are in U.S. Pat P 6005145, and having described with nickeliferous LDHs is the process that presoma prepares metallic catalyst, and the application of this metallic catalyst in the nitro-aromatic preparing aromatic amine by catalytic hydrogenation.At first, pass through further high-temperature roasting then, obtain composite metal oxide, at last at H by synthetic LDHs presoma with even distribution metal active constituent
2High temperature reduction prepares the powdered gold metal catalyst of Stability Analysis of Structures and high degree of dispersion under the atmosphere.This metallic catalyst is applied to catalysis nitro-aromatic hydrogenation preparing arylamine reaction, has catalytic activity and the stability higher than traditional Raney Raney nickel.Yet this type of catalyst is bad dispersibility in liquid-solid catalyst system and catalyzing, is difficult to separate and reclaim.The separation and the recovery problem that in above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) and other relevant patent, scientific paper, all do not relate to catalyst.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is for a kind of new high dispersing supported type nickel catalyst and preparation method thereof is provided, promptly at Al
2O
3The inner surface assembling in outer hole has the lamellar precursor LDHs of even distribution Ni metal active constituent, again through high-temperature process, reduction, obtains a kind of good high dispersing supported type nickel catalyst of new structure, catalytic activity and selectivity that has.
The present invention is with Al
2O
3Be carrier, at Al
2O
3Outer hole in assembling contain the lamellar precursor LDHs of Ni metal ion, obtain a class NiAl-LDHs/Al
2O
3Composite, roasting at high temperature changes corresponding composite metal oxide into then, handles obtaining metal Ni high degree of dispersion in Al again through reduction
2O
3The support type Ni of carrier top layer bore area is catalyst based.
The concrete preparation method of this catalyst comprises the steps:
1, precursor NiAl-LDHs/Al
2O
3The preparation of composite
With soluble nickel salt and NH
4NO
3Be that 0.5～2 ratio is mixed with mixed solution in molar ratio, Ni wherein
2+Ion concentration is 0.2～2mol/L, NH
4NO
3Molar concentration be 0.5～5mol/L; Be the Al that 20～80 orders have certain geometrical shape with granularity then
2O
3Carrier adds in the above-mentioned mixed solution, its addition is that every liter of mixed solution adds 1～3g, under 40～100 ℃ of temperature, stir 2～10h, working concentration is that 1～5% inorganic alkali solution is regulated the pH value of mixed liquor between 7～12 in the whipping process, filter, the washing of employing secondary deionized water, dry under 80～120 ℃, obtaining interlayer cation is the houghite lamellar compound NiAl-LDHs/Al of Ni and Al
2O
3Precursor;
Used soluble nickel salt is Ni (NO
3)
26H
2O, NiCl
26H
2O, NiBr
2XH
2O, NiSO
46H
2Any among the O; Inorganic alkali solution is NH
3H
2Any in O, NaOH, the KOH solution; Al
2O
3Carrier can be one or more mixing of shapes such as sphere, square, column type, rhombus, and its crystal formation can be any or two kinds of mixtures among δ, β, γ, the η.
X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscope photo characterization methods such as (TEM) prove NiAl-LDHs/-Al
2O
3NiAl-LDHs is positioned at Al in the composite
2O
3The top layer bore area of carrier.
2, the preparation of high dispersing supported type nickel catalyst
With above-mentioned NiAl-LDHs/Al
2O
3Precursor makes that at 300～900 ℃ of roasting temperature 2～24h wherein NiAl-LDHs changes corresponding composite metal oxide into; Being positioned over before the use in the fixed bed reduction apparatus, is H with mol ratio
2: N
2=0.1～0.5: 1 mist, 200～900 ℃ of temperature, 2～24h is handled in reduction, obtains high dispersing supported type nickel catalyst.
Recording this catalyst n i content is 5～25%.Adopt temperature programming dehydrogenation (H
2The Ni decentralization that-TPD) method is measured the roasting sample and adopts the Ni/Al of traditional immersion process for preparing between 10～28%
2O
3Sample records its decentralization between 5～10% with said method.
Characteristics of the present invention are, owing to grow in Al
2O
3The LDHs lamellar precursor of internal surface of hole by orientation isolate, equally distributed divalence and trivalent metal cation form, so its nickel metal particle can be in high degree of dispersion on the molecular level in the matrix lattice and can not assemble; And lamellar precursor LDHs and matrix Al
2O
3Between have stronger interaction, make to be in the strong constraint that metallic in the lattice is subjected to lattice energy, limit it and in roasting process subsequently, take place to move and grow up.Therefore, the loaded catalyst of preparation not only has the metallic nickel active component of high degree of dispersion on the geometric space position, and is subjected to energy limited, and metal active constituent can stably be present in the carrier.Therefore, this catalyst has high activity and stability in use and life-span.
The catalyst of the present invention's preparation is carried out the application performance test in liquid phase nitrobenzene catalytic hydrogenation system aniline reaction, its nitrobenzene conversion ratio is 85～98% as a result, aniline selectivity 88～95%.As a comparison, adopt the Ni/Al of Raney nickel (industrial goods) and immersion process for preparing respectively
2O
3Make catalyst, carry out liquid phase nitrobenzene catalytic hydrogenation system aniline reaction under identical reaction condition, the nitrobenzene conversion ratio is respectively 87% and 83%, and the aniline selectivity is respectively 88% and 84%.Therefore the catalyst of the present invention's preparation has higher catalytic activity and selectivity.
The specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Take by weighing 3g γ-Al
2O
3, put into 120ml 0.2M Ni (NO
3)
26H
2O and 40ml 0.5M NH
4NO
3Mixed solution in stir, the pH value of regulating mixed liquor with 1% ammonia spirit in the whipping process is 8, keeping the mixed solution temperature is 40 ℃, stirring 10h; Adopt the secondary deionized water washing then, the sample after the washing is dry under 100 ℃, put into muffle furnace at 300 ℃ of following roasting 6h, at last sample is positioned in the fixed bed reduction apparatus, use H
2: N
2=0.1: 1 mist reduces down at 300 ℃ and handles 6h, obtains catalyst.The Ni content that records this catalyst is 14%, and its decentralization is 27%.
In 300ml stainless steel tank reactor, carry out the reaction of liquid phase nitrobenzene catalytic hydrogenation system aniline with this catalyst, reaction condition is: 100 ℃ of reaction temperatures, H
2Dividing potential drop 10atm, catalyst amount 100g/L nitrobenzene adopts methyl alcohol to make solvent, solvent load 100ml/ml nitrobenzene, reaction time 4h, the nitrobenzene conversion ratio is 96% as a result, aniline selectivity 95%.
Embodiment 2:
Take by weighing 4g η-Al
2O
3, put into 120ml 2M Ni (SO
4)
26H
2O and 40ml 5M NH
4NO
3Mixed solution in stir, the pH value of regulating mixed liquor with 5%NaOH solution in the whipping process is 11, keeping the mixed solution temperature is 100 ℃, stirring 2h; Adopt the secondary deionized water washing then, the sample after the washing is dry down at 100 ℃; Put into muffle furnace at 900 ℃ of following roasting 24h, at last sample is positioned in the fixed bed reduction apparatus, with the H of 0.5: 1 ratio
2/ N
2Mist reduces down at 900 ℃ and handles 24h, obtains catalyst.The Ni content that records this catalyst is 13%, and its decentralization is 17%.
With condition this catalyst is carried out application performance test, nitrobenzene conversion ratio 88%, aniline selectivity 90% with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Take by weighing 4g γ-Al
2O
3, put into 100ml 0.5M Ni (NO
3)
26H
2O and 60ml 2M NH
4NO
3Mixed solution in stir, the pH value of regulating mixed liquor with 2%KOH solution in the whipping process is 9, keeping the mixed solution temperature is 60 ℃, stirring 12h; Adopt the secondary deionized water washing then, the sample after the washing is dry under 100 ℃, put into muffle furnace at 500 ℃ of following roasting 6h, at last sample is positioned in the fixed bed reduction apparatus, with the H of 0.2: 1 ratio
2/ N
2Mist reduces down at 500 ℃ and handles 6h, obtains catalyst.The Ni content that records this catalyst is 16%, and its decentralization is 24%.
With condition this catalyst is carried out application performance test, nitrobenzene conversion ratio 94%, aniline selectivity 95% with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
Take by weighing 4g γ-Al
2O
3, put into 140ml 1.2M NiCl
26H
2O and 40ml 5M NH
4NO
3Mixed solution in stir, the pH value of regulating mixed liquor with 2%NaOH solution in the whipping process is 10, keeping the mixed solution temperature is 80 ℃, stirring 12h; Adopt the secondary deionized water washing then, the sample after the washing is dry under 100 ℃, put into muffle furnace at 700 ℃ of following roasting 12h, at last sample is positioned in the fixed bed reduction apparatus, with the H of 0.2: 1 ratio
2/ N
2Mist reduces down at 700 ℃ and handles 12h, obtains catalyst.The Ni content that records this catalyst is 17%, and its decentralization is 23%.
With condition this catalyst is carried out application performance test, nitrobenzene conversion ratio 93%, aniline selectivity 90% with embodiment 1.
Claims (4)
1. one kind prepares the preparation method of high dispersing supported type nickel catalyst by lamellar precursor, and concrete steps are:
(1) precursor NiAl-LDHs/Al
2O
3The preparation of composite
With soluble nickel salt and NH
4NO
3Be that 0.5～2 ratio is mixed with mixed solution in molar ratio, Ni wherein
2+Ion concentration is 0.2～2mol/L, NH
4NO
3Molar concentration be 0.5～5mol/L; Be the Al that 20～80 orders have certain geometrical shape with granularity then
2O
3Carrier is added in the above-mentioned mixed solution, its addition is that every liter of mixed solution adds 1～3g, under 40～100 ℃ of temperature, stir 2～10h, working concentration is that 1～5% inorganic alkali solution is regulated the pH value of mixed liquor between 7～12 in the whipping process, filter, the washing of employing secondary deionized water, dry under 80～120 ℃, obtaining interlayer cation is the houghite lamellar compound NiAl-LDHs/Al of Ni and Al
2O
3Precursor;
(2) preparation of high dispersing supported type nickel catalyst
With above-mentioned NiAl-LDHs/Al
2O
3Precursor makes that at 300～900 ℃ of roasting temperature 2～24h wherein NiAl-LDHs changes corresponding composite metal oxide into; Then the sample after the roasting being positioned over and reducing processing in the fixed bed reduction apparatus, is H with mol ratio
2: N
2=0.1～0.5: 1 mist, 200～900 ℃ of temperature, 2～24h is handled in reduction, obtains high dispersing supported type nickel catalyst Ni/Al
2O
3
2. Preparation of catalysts method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: used soluble nickel salt is Ni (NO
3)
26H
2O, NiCl
26H
2O, NiBr
2XH
2O, NiSO
46H
2Any among the O; Inorganic alkali solution is NH
3H
2Any in O, NaOH, the KOH solution; Al
2O
3Carrier is one or more mixing of shapes such as sphere, square, column type, rhombus, and its crystal formation is any or two kinds of mixtures among δ, β, γ, the η.
3. high dispersing supported type nickel catalyst, it is characterized in that what this catalyst was prepared by the described preparation method of claim 2, the metallic nickel active component of this catalyst high degree of dispersion on the geometric space position, and be subjected to that lattice energy limits among the lamellar precursor LDHs, this metal active constituent can stably be present in the carrier.
4. catalyst according to claim 3, the content that it is characterized in that Ni is 5-25wt%, the Ni decentralization is between 10～28%.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02131248 CN1215904C (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2002-09-19 | High dispersing supported type nickel catalyst prepared by lamellar precursor and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN1215904C true CN1215904C (en) | 2005-08-24 |
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Families Citing this family (13)
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| CN100372610C (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2008-03-05 | 北京化工大学 | Magnetic microspheric high-dispersion loaded metal catalyst, preparing method and use |
| CN101402039B (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2010-12-08 | 北京化工大学 | Method for producing supported metal palladium catalyst |
| CN101455964B (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2012-06-27 | 浙江工业大学 | Preparation method of nickel based metal load type catalyst |
| CN102744093A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-10-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for modifying rare earth of molecular sieve |
| CN102407121B (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-07-24 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method of hydrogenation catalyst with X/Ni/A1 hydrotalcite as precursor |
| CN103223345B (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-02-04 | 北京化工大学 | Loaded nickel-indium (Ni-In) intermetallic compound catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN103223342A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-07-31 | 北京化工大学 | Preparation method and application of eggshell-type nickel-based catalyst |
| CN104945292B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2017-04-19 | 济南大学 | Process for preparing 4-propylthio-o-phenylenediamine |
| CN103962140B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2016-05-11 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of microspheroidal hollow structure nickel-base hydrogenation catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN108554413B (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2020-10-02 | 北京化工大学 | Three-dimensional multi-stage structure high-dispersion nickel-based electro-catalytic material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110407709A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-11-05 | 南京大学 | A kind of method of catalytic hydrogenation paraphenetidine |
| CN110407707A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-11-05 | 南京大学 | A kind of method that catalytic hydrogenation prepares aniline |
| CN111229230B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2022-10-21 | 广东工业大学 | Ellipsoidal alumina supported metal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
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