CN1242845C - Iron/active carbon catalyst used for preparing ethylene, propylene, butylene from synthetic gas - Google Patents
Iron/active carbon catalyst used for preparing ethylene, propylene, butylene from synthetic gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a ferrum/active carbon catalyst, a preparation method of the ferrum/active carbon catalyst and an application of the ferrum/active carbon catalyst, wherein the ferrum/active carbon catalyst is used in the reaction of preparing ethene, propene and butylene from synthetic gas CO+H2. The preparation method of the ferrum/active carbon catalyst comprises: a vacuum impregnation method is adoped to successfully load Fe on active carbon, and Fe and auxiliary agents can be thoroughly dispersed on the active carbon; therefore, the catalytic effect is improved, the preparation cost of the ferrum/active carbon catalyst is largely reduced. XRD test results indicate that the chemical composition of the ferrum/active carbon catalyst mainly comprises alpha-Fe, FexCy, (Fe and Mn)O, Cu0, Zn0 and K2O. When the ferrum/active carbon catalyst of the present invention is used in the reaction of preparing ethene, propene and butylene from synthetic gas, the CO conversion rate under the catalytic activity without circulated raw gas can reach 96 to 99%, the selectivity of the CH compounds in gas-phase products reaches 69.5%, wherein the selectivity of ethene, propene and butylene in the CH compounds reaches more than 68%, and the CH4 content is low; liquid phase products mainly comprise H2O, and the H2O content can reach more than 94%. The ferrum/active carbon catalyst of the present invention is used in the F-T synthetic reaction of preparing low-carbon alkene from synthetic gas, which has the technical conditions that the temperature is from 260 to 400 DEG C, the pressure is from 1.0 to 2.5MPa, and the space velocity of the synthetic gas is from 400 to 1200 h<-1>.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to catalyst technical field.More particularly the present invention relates to a kind of synthesis gas CO+H that is used for
2Iron/the activated-carbon catalyst of system ethene, propylene, butene reaction is comprising Preparation of catalysts method and application thereof.
Background technology is as far back as the seventies, U.S. Mobil company has developed the ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst, then the synthesis gas of having developed natural gas again is the two-stage method synthetic gasoline technology of raw material, both MTG method (TabakS.A.and Yurchak S, Catalysis Today, 1,990 6 (3): 309), first section of this method is with CO and H
2Synthesizing methanol, second section by methyl alcohol by catalyst ZSM-5 molecular sieve artificial oil, and two conversion per pass are lower, improved the gasoline cost, adopting said method is from oily producing light olefins cost costliness.
In addition, the Topsoe of Denmark improves MTG, has proposed TIGAS method (Topp-JorgennerJ., Topse, Integrated Garoting synthesis 1996).This method also adopts two-stage method, first section is adopted composite catalyst synthesizing methanol and dimethyl ether, second section with the ZSM-5 molecular sieve with methyl alcohol and dimethyl ether synthetic gasoline, but higher operating pressure makes second section ZSM-5 catalyst that irreversible poisoning take place, catalyst life reduces, and has improved the cost of gasoline.
Chinese Academy of Sciences's Shanxi coalification developed the two-stage method synthetic gasoline in 1996 method, catalyst is the Fe-Mn Ultra-fine Particle Catalysts, first section reaction temperature is 335 ℃, the CO conversion ratio is 96%, product distribution C
1 013.5%, C
2 02.85%, C
2 =7.17%, C
3 01.64%, C
3 =9.76%, C
4 01.14%, C
4 =5.85%, C
5-C
958.29%, CO
27%.Though above-mentioned data result is reasonable at present, the product wider distribution is from C
1-C
19Hydro carbons all has the different content product to generate, and separates to post processing and brings difficulty.
Similar BP GB2, the catalyst of 119,277 usefulness noble metals and rare earth metal rhodium, cerium and ruthenium preparation is used for producing undesirable methane (35.7%) when synthesis gas transforms, and the selectivity of the alkene that will obtain very low (1.6%).
Among the CN1046928A of British Petroleum Company's application, catalyst operation 8.5h, appraisal result is as follows: CO conversion ratio 79.9%, methane 11.7%, CO
24.8%, C
22.7%, C
36.2%, C
46.0%, C
4 +67.0%.The method for preparing Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Ru catalyst is also disclosed in U.S. Pat 4410637, the carrier position Magadite of employing, and the catalyst that obtains is used for by synthesis gas system C
5-C
12Hydrocarbon mixture.
Lanzhou Chemical Physics research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences declares among the patent CN1065026A, the Preparation of catalysts method is chemical precipitation method, mechanical mixing, precious metal or rare metal have been adopted, kind of chemical element surplus niobium, gallium, praseodymium, scandium, indium, ytterbium, cerium, the lanthanum etc. ten for example, catalyst cost height is though ethylene selectivity can reach 65~94%, but the CO conversion ratio is very low, only about 10%, 12% and 15%, CO recycles the consumption that certainly will bring the energy, has increased cost.
The chemical composition of above-mentioned catalyst mostly is noble metal and rare-earth oxide, the financial cost height of catalyst.In addition, in Beijing University of Chemical Technology's Industrial Catalysis number of patent application that declare the research department 01144691.9, adopt laser pyrolysis processes to prepare with Fe in conjunction with the combination technique of solid phase reaction
3C is that main Fe base nano-catalyst is applied to preparing low-carbon olefin, and has obtained good effect, but owing to need to use laser technology, is that preparation technology is more loaded down with trivial details, and raw material adopts Fe (CO)
5, the cost of catalyst is also than higher, the industrialization difficulty.
Active carbon has the pore structure of remarkable prosperity as carrier, and high temperature resistant, acidproof, alkaline-resisting ability is strong.And between active carbon and the catalyst activity component very strong interaction being arranged, this strong interaction makes activated carbon supported iron catalyst that sufficiently high reduction degree be arranged under proper temperature, thereby has very high catalytic activity.
Summary of the invention the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of synthesis gas CO+H that is used for
2Iron/the activated-carbon catalyst of system ethene, propylene, butene reaction.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of iron/activated-carbon catalyst.
Another object of the present invention be for iron/activated-carbon catalyst at synthesis gas CO+H
2Application in system ethene, propylene, the butene reaction provides one group of the optimum reaction conditions.
Main advantage of the present invention is:
1. iron/the activated-carbon catalyst that the present invention relates to is to prepare gained with common chemical method, and it is a raw material with cheap Fe salt and active carbon, and it is low to have equipment investment on preparation technology, process route is simple, easy to operate, low cost and other advantages has the wide industrial prospect.Through the XRD test shows, the iron/activated-carbon catalyst that the present invention relates to and the Fe that is prepared gained by laser pyrolysis processes be catalyst based to have similar active specy, and the present invention provides new approach for Preparation of catalysts.
2. iron/the activated-carbon catalyst that the present invention relates to is a carrier with the active carbon, is used for synthesis gas CO+H
2System ethene, propylene, butene reaction yet there are no report and active carbon is applied to the patent of invention that synthesis gas is converted into the Preparation of Catalyst of low-carbon alkene as carrier.
3. iron/the activated-carbon catalyst that the present invention relates to is used for synthesis gas CO+H
2System ethene, propylene, butene reaction, catalytic reaction condition gentleness not only, separation process is simple, it is integrated that but realization response separates, and catalytic activity is very high, and the CO conversion ratio is 96~100%, synthesis gas can recycle, and has promptly saved the energy, has reduced cost again.
The present invention is mainly by the following technical solutions:
A kind of synthesis gas CO+H that is used for
2Iron/the activated-carbon catalyst of system ethene, propylene, butene reaction is characterized in that the chemical composition of this catalyst mainly comprises: α-Fe, Fe
xC
y, (Fe, Mn) O, Cu
0, Zn
0, K
2O, specific area is 350~400m
2/ g;
And the weight ratio in the catalyst between Fe and the active carbon is 0.25~8, and it is Fe that the part by weight between iron and manganese, potassium, zinc, copper, silicon composition closes: Mn: K: Zn: Cu: Si=(50~75): (15~30): (2~5): (0~6): (5~25): (0~15);
Described catalyst adopts the preparation of following step: is 0.25~8 to take by weighing molysite by Fe and active carbon weight ratio, under vacuum condition, adds in the solvent of a certain amount of water and ethanol formation; Add certain amount of dispersant while stirring, and then add the solution of the compound of the salt that contains manganese, potassium, zinc, copper that dissolves with a certain amount of water and ethanol and silicon, continue agitating solution, and to make the iron in the final solution be Fe with part by weight pass between manganese, potassium, zinc, copper, silicon: Mn: K: Zn: Cu: Si=(50~75): (15~30): (2~5): (0~6): (5~25): (0~15); Evaporate to dryness solution under 20~80 ℃ temperature; The material that obtains behind the solution evaporate to dryness was calcined under 400~1000 ℃ temperature 3~8 hours under the flowing nitrogen protection of 10~20ml/min; Take out passivation at last.
1. the preparation of iron/activated-carbon catalyst
Iron/activated-carbon catalyst of the present invention, its essential characteristic are that the chemical composition of this catalyst mainly comprises: α-Fe, Fe
xC
y, (Fe, Mn) O, Cu
0, Zn
0, K
2O.The specific area of catalyst is 350~400m
2/ g.The weight ratio of major catalyst Fe and carrier active carbon is 0.25~8 in the catalyst, preferred 0.25~1.The weight percentage of major catalyst Fe and auxiliary agent is respectively Fe50~80%, Mn15~30%, K2~5%, Zn0~6%, Cu5~25%, Si0~15% in the catalyst, is preferably Fe60~75%, Mn15~20%, K2~3%, Zn3~5%, Cu7~20%, Si10~15%.
Iron/activated-carbon catalyst of the present invention mainly adopts the vacuum impregnation technology preparation.Concrete preparation method is as follows:
(1) takes by weighing a certain amount of activated carbon and Fe salt after the removal of impurity is handled, under vacuum condition, add a certain amount of water and ethanol;
(2) add certain amount of surfactant while stirring;
(3) salting liquid that contains manganese, zinc, potassium, copper, silicon that adds the dissolving of a certain amount of water and ethanol continues to stir, with the solution evaporate to dryness;
(4) material that obtains behind the solution evaporate to dryness is calcined under helium or nitrogen protection, taken out passivation at last.
Said active carbon can be selected from wooden charcoal, coconut husk charcoal, fruit shell carbon etc., is preferably coconut husk charcoal, fruit shell carbon.
Said molysite can be selected from molysite such as ferric oxalate, ferric nitrate, ferric acetate, ironic citrate, ferric sulfate and iron pentacarbonyl, is preferably ferric oxalate, ferric nitrate, ferric acetate, ironic citrate.
The said salt that contains manganese, zinc, potassium, copper can be selected from organic salts such as oxalates, citrate, acetate, also can be selected from the inorganic salts of nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, is preferably oxalates, acetate, carbonate.The adding of silicon can be selected from silicon-containing compounds such as sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, Ludox, waterglass, is preferably waterglass and Ludox.
Solution evaporate to dryness temperature is 20~80 ℃, is preferably 40~60 ℃; Calcining heat is 400~1000 ℃, is preferably 500~800 ℃; Calcination time is 3~8h, is preferably 5~8h.
2. the application of iron/activated-carbon catalyst
To be used for synthesis gas CO+H by iron/activated-carbon catalyst that preparation method of the present invention obtains
2System ethene, propylene, butene reaction, method is as follows: 1~5ml catalyst of in fixed bed reactors, packing into, before the reaction with catalyst in advance at a certain temperature with reducing gases reduction 4~8h, synthesis gas is through desulfurization, deoxidation, dehydration, with 400~1200h
-1Air speed, preferably with 500~800h
-1Air speed enter reactor continuously, reaction pressure is kept 0.5~2.5MPa, is preferably 1.5~2.5MPa; Reaction temperature is 250~400 ℃, is preferably 260~380 ℃.
Said reducing gas can be the CO and the H of different proportion
2Gaseous mixture, H
2Or H
2And N
2Gaseous mixture is preferably H
2Or CO: H
2It is 2: 1 synthesis gas; 250~400 ℃ of reduction temperatures are preferably 260~320 ℃; Reducing gas air speed 600~2000h
-1, be preferably 1000~1400h
-1
Said synthesis gas is coal-based or natural gas base synthesis gas, H
2With the volume ratio of CO be 1: 1,2: 1 and 3: 1, be preferably 2: 1.
Iron/activated-carbon catalyst is used for synthesis gas CO+H
2System ethene, propylene, butene reaction, catalytic activity CO conversion ratio under the condition of no unstripped gas circulation can reach 96~99%, and the selectivity of CH compound can reach 69.5% in gas-phase product, wherein C
2 =~C
4 =Selectivity in the CH compound reaches more than 68%.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: with water as solvent; quantitatively take by weighing the fruit shell carbon of handling through the removal of impurity; under vacuum condition, press Fe: active carbon=3: 7, take by weighing quantitative ironic citrate, be mixed with the solution that contains Fe58% (quality percentage composition), Mn20%, Cu20%, K2%; adding quantitative dispersant stirs; join mixing and stirring in the fruit shell carbon again, dry under 50~60 ℃ of conditions, under 600 ℃ of conditions; under the flowing nitrogen protection of 20ml/min, calcine 4h, passivation 8h.Take out sieve and get 40~60 order powder 2ml, the fixed bed reactors of packing into, at 300 ℃ through H
2Reduction 3h switches to synthesis gas (CO: H
2=2: 1), air speed is 600~700h
-1Keep pressure 1.0MPa, reaction temperature is 300 ℃, continuously compressive reaction a few hours, each one hour gas-phase product is through gas-chromatography work station sample analysis, and liquid product is collected through condenser, reaction is stable through the 5h catalytic performance, CO conversion ratio 97.3%, chromatogram detect gas-phase product and distribute: the CH compounds content is 74.0%, wherein C
1 020.8%, C
2 =15.9%, C
2 011.2%, C
3 =30.6%, C
4 =12.1%, C
4 09.3%, C
2 =~C
4 =58.7%, 94.3% is water in the liquid product.
Embodiment 2: make solvent with water and ethanol; press Fe: active carbon=4: 6; ferric nitrate that quantitatively takes by weighing and the coconut husk charcoal of handling through the removal of impurity; mixing and stirring under vacuum condition is mixed with the composition that contains Fe68% (quality percentage composition), Mn15%, Si15%, K2% again, adds quantitative dispersant and continues to stir; dry under 40~50 ℃ of conditions; under 650 ℃ of conditions, under the flowing nitrogen protection of 20ml/min, calcine 3h, passivation is spent the night.Take out sieve and get 40~60 order powder 3.5ml, the fixed bed reactors of packing into, at 320 ℃ through H
2Reduction 3h switches to synthesis gas, and air speed is 600~700h
-1Keep pressure 1.5MPa, reaction temperature is 320 ℃, continuous compressive reaction 143h, each one hour gas-phase product is through gas-chromatography work station sample analysis in the course of reaction, and liquid product is collected through condenser, reaction catalytic performance behind 14h is stable, CO conversion ratio 96.3%, chromatogram detect gas-phase product and distribute: the CH compounds content is 60.5%, wherein C
1 017.9%, C
2 =16.8%, C
2 07.4%, C
3 =31.0%, C
4 =19.6%, C
4 010.7%, C
2 =~C
4 =67.4%, 94.6% is water in the liquid product.
Embodiment 3: make solvent with ethanol; the ferric oxalate that quantitatively takes by weighing; under vacuum condition, be mixed with the solution that contains Fe73% (quality percentage composition), Mn23%, K4%; add quantitative dispersant and stir, press Fe: active carbon=to solution in add the fruit shell carbon through the removal of impurity handled at 2: 8 stirs; dry under 40~50 ℃ of conditions; under 550 ℃ of conditions, under the flowing nitrogen protection of 10ml/min, calcine 4h, passivation 5h.Take out sieve and get 40~60 order powder 1ml, the fixed bed reactors of packing into, at 320 ℃ through synthesis gas (CO: H
2=2: 1) reduction 4h, react.Reaction condition is: air speed is 600~700h
-1Keep pressure 2MPa, reaction temperature is 320 ℃, continuous compressive reaction 143h, each one hour gas-phase product is through gas-chromatography work station sample analysis in the course of reaction, and liquid product is collected through condenser, reaction catalytic performance behind 14h is stable, CO conversion ratio 97.4%, gas-phase product distributes: the CH compounds content is 69.5%, wherein C
1 020.6%, C
2 =18.8%, C
2 06.6%, C
3 =30.6%, C
4 =18.7%, C
4 04.7%, C
2 =~C
4 =68.1%, 95.2% is water in the liquid product.
Embodiment 4: make solvent with ethanol; the ferric nitrate that quantitatively takes by weighing; under vacuum condition, be mixed with the solution that contains Fe69% (quality percentage composition), Mn22%, Zn6%, K3%; press Fe: the wooden charcoal that active carbon=adding was handled through the removal of impurity in solution in 1: 1; add quantitative dispersant again and stir, dry under 50~60 ℃ of conditions, under 583 ℃ of conditions; under the flowing nitrogen protection of 15ml/min, calcine 8h, passivation 9h.Take out sieve and get 40~60 order powder 2ml, the fixed bed reactors of packing into, reaction condition: at 300 ℃ through H
2Reduction 3h switches to synthesis gas, and air speed is 600~700h
-1Keep pressure 1.0MPa, reaction temperature is 320 ℃, continuous compressive reaction 165h, each one hour gas-phase product is through gas-chromatography work station sample analysis in the course of reaction, and liquid product is collected through condenser, reaction catalytic performance behind 10h is stable, CO conversion ratio 96.3%, chromatogram detect gas-phase product and distribute: the CH compounds content is 66.0%, wherein C
1 020.5%, C
2 =16.1%, C
2 07.7%, C
3 =29.9%, C
4 =17.9%, C
4 07.8%, C
2 =~C
4 =63.9%, 93.2% is water in the liquid product.
Embodiment 5: with water as solvent; press Fe: active carbon=3.5: 6.5; ironic citrate that quantitatively takes by weighing and the coconut husk charcoal of handling through the removal of impurity; mixing and stirring under vacuum condition; be mixed with the composition that contains Fe75% (quality percentage composition), Cu20%, K5% again; adding quantitative dispersant continues to stir; dry under 50~60 ℃ of conditions; under 550 ℃ of conditions; under the flowing nitrogen protection of 20ml/min, calcine 5h; reaction finishes the back cooling, and passivation is spent the night in the glove box under the nitrogen protection.Take out sieve and get 40~60 order powder 1.5ml, the fixed bed reactors of packing into, at 260 ℃ through H
2Reduction 4h switches to synthesis gas, and air speed is 600~700h
-1Keep pressure 2MPa, reaction temperature is 280 ℃, continuously compressive reaction a few hours, each one hour gas-phase product is through gas-chromatography work station sample analysis, and liquid product is collected through condenser, reaction is stable through the 10h catalytic performance, CO conversion ratio 96.3%, gas-phase product distributes: the CH compounds content is 81.5%, wherein C
1 022.0%,, C
2 =10.9%, C
2 017.1%, C
3 =29.0%, C
4 =8.3%, C
4 012.7%, C
2 =~C
4 =48.2%, 93.9% is water in the liquid product.
Claims (11)
1. one kind is used for synthesis gas CO+H
2Iron/the activated-carbon catalyst of system ethene, propylene, butene reaction is characterized in that the chemical composition of this catalyst mainly comprises: α-Fe, Fe
xC
y, (Fe, Mn) O, Cu
0, Zn
0, K
2O, specific area is 350~400m
2/ g;
And the weight ratio in the catalyst between Fe and the active carbon is 0.25~8, and it is Fe that the part by weight between iron and manganese, potassium, zinc, copper, silicon composition closes: Mn: K: Zn: Cu: Si=(50~75): (15~30): (2~5): (0~6): (5~25): (0~15);
Described catalyst adopts the preparation of following step: is 0.25~8 to take by weighing molysite by Fe and active carbon weight ratio, under vacuum condition, adds in the solvent of a certain amount of water and ethanol formation; Add certain amount of dispersant while stirring, and then add the solution of the compound of the salt that contains manganese, potassium, zinc, copper that dissolves with a certain amount of water and ethanol and silicon, continue agitating solution, and to make the iron in the final solution be Fe with part by weight pass between manganese, potassium, zinc, copper, silicon: Mn: K: Zn: Cu: Si=(50~75): (15~30): (2~5): (0~6): (5~25): (0~15); Evaporate to dryness solution under 20~80 ℃ temperature; The material that obtains behind the solution evaporate to dryness was calcined under 400~1000 ℃ temperature 3~8 hours under the flowing nitrogen protection of 10~20ml/min; Take out passivation at last.
2. the described catalyst of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the evaporate to dryness temperature is 40~60 ℃; Calcining heat is 500~800 ℃, and calcination time is 5~8 hours.
3. claim 1 or 2 described catalyst, it is characterized in that: described molysite is any in ferric oxalate, ferric acetate, ferric nitrate, ironic citrate, iron chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate and the iron pentacarbonyl; Described active carbon is wooden charcoal, fruit shell carbon.
4. the described catalyst of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described molysite is any in ferric oxalate, ferric acetate, ferric nitrate, the ironic citrate; Described active carbon is the coconut husk charcoal.
5. claim 1 or 2 described catalyst, it is characterized in that: the described salt that contains manganese, zinc, potassium, copper is selected from oxalates, citrate, acetate, nitrate, sulfate or carbonate; Siliceous compound is selected from sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, Ludox.
6. the described catalyst of claim 5, it is characterized in that: the described salt that contains manganese, zinc, potassium, copper is selected from oxalates, carbonate, acetate; Siliceous compound is selected from sodium metasilicate, Ludox.
7. the described catalyst of claim 1 is at synthesis gas CO+H
2Application in system ethene, propylene, the butene reaction, concrete steps are as follows: 1~5ml catalyst of packing in fixed bed reactors, the reaction procatalyst reduced 4~8 hours at a certain temperature through reducing gas earlier, and synthesis gas is through desulfurization, deoxidation, dehydration, with 400~1200h
-1Air speed enter reactor continuously, reaction pressure maintains 0.5~2.5Mpa, reaction temperature is 250~400 ℃.
8. the described application of claim 7 is characterized in that described reducing gases is CO and H
2Gaseous mixture or H
2Or H
2And N
2Gaseous mixture; Reduction temperature is 250~400 ℃; The reducing gases air speed is 600~2000h
-1
9. the described application of claim 8 is characterized in that described reducing gases is H
2Or CO: H
2=2: 1 gaseous mixture; Reduction temperature is 260~320 ℃; The reducing gases air speed is 1000~1400h
-1
10. the described application of claim 9 is characterized in that, H in the described synthesis gas
2With the volume ratio of CO be 1: 1,2: 1 or 3: 1; Reaction temperature is 260~380 ℃; Reaction pressure is 1.5~2.5Mpa; The synthesis gas air speed is 500~800h
-1
11. the described application of claim 10 is characterized in that, H in the described synthesis gas
2With the volume ratio of CO be 2: 1.
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CN109908912B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2021-10-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Catalyst for preparing low-carbon olefin from synthesis gas and preparation method thereof |
CN109908913B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2021-11-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Catalyst for preparing olefin from synthetic gas and preparation method thereof |
CN112705218B (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2023-11-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Catalyst for preparing low-carbon olefin from synthesis gas, preparation method and application thereof |
CN113856721B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2024-06-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Iron-carbon skeleton catalyst for directly preparing low-carbon hydrocarbon from synthesis gas, preparation method thereof, and method and application for preparing low-carbon hydrocarbon from synthesis gas |
CN114643071B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-08-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Iron-based catalyst for directly preparing low-carbon olefin from synthesis gas and preparation method and application thereof |
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2003
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US11999671B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2024-06-04 | Dalian Institute Of Chemical Physics, Cas | Method for preparing light olefin through catalytic syngas with high selectivity by heteroatom-doped zeolite |
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