CN1205566C - Network bandwidth adaptive multimedia transmission system - Google Patents
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- CN1205566C CN1205566C CN 02103433 CN02103433A CN1205566C CN 1205566 C CN1205566 C CN 1205566C CN 02103433 CN02103433 CN 02103433 CN 02103433 A CN02103433 A CN 02103433A CN 1205566 C CN1205566 C CN 1205566C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a multimedia transmission system for self-adopting network bandwidth, which mainly comprises a video server, a customer machine and the internet, and the video server transmits multimedia information to the customer machine by the internet in a real-time mode, wherein the video server comprises a video data storage zone, a sending buffering zone, a quality self-adopting device and a congestion control module. Data is orderly taken out from the video data storage zone by a quality controller on the quality self-adopting device according to a rule, and the quality of video data which is sent is automatically and correspondingly adjusted by the quality controller according to the condition of a network. After the video data is adaptively adjusted and processed, the video data is placed in the sending buffering zone. The customer machine comprises a responser, a receiving buffering zone, a decoder, a player and a playing monitor. The playing monitor is used for monitoring abnormal playing incidents of a customer. The present invention solves the technical problem of the real-time transmission multimedia of self-adapting network bandwidth from a fire-new angle, and realizes a real-time multimedia transmission proposal which has the advantages of simple and easy use and good effect, and does not need to predict bandwidth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of network multimedia tranmission techniques, particularly a kind of multimedia transmission system that utilizes the Internet to transmit the network bandwidth adaptive of multimedia messages in real time.
Background technology
Utilize the Internet to transmit the extensive attention that multimedia messages is subjected to industry just day by day in real time, and a lot of applications are arranged, as video request program, library online, long-distance education, utilize the internet to transmit TV programme or the like.But, because that the bandwidth of the Internet, load etc. change is violent, be difficult to satisfy the real-time quality of service requirement of multimedia service, and usually cause and play unfavorable condition such as get stuck, delay, video quality shake are violent.At this problem, many researchers have done deep research.Wherein { LayeredQuality Adaptation for lutemetideo Streaming} is for the most representative with the RezaRed ale nearest layering quality adaptation schemes that proposes of people such as (U.S.'s Bell Laboratory work now).In the scheme of Reza Redaie, video data is a hierarchical coding, and the multicast quality of putting is good more more for level, but the bandwidth that requires is also high more.This scheme decides the number of plies of the video data of increase and decrease transmission according to the prediction to the network bandwidth.As shown in Figure 1, total system is made up of three parts: video server (Server), the Internet (IntCrnCt), client computer (Client).The request of video server customer in response machine transmits video data by the Internet to client computer; Client computer is opened up several buffer zones and is used to deposit the data that arrive from the Internet, has a player to get video data in real time from the data buffer on the client computer simultaneously and plays.The core component of system is the quality adaptation subsystem (Quality25 Adaptation) on the video server.At the video server end, congested control module (Congestion control) is carried out alternately with network, and the bandwidth of detection network is also correspondingly adjusted transmission rate.And the information that the quality adaptation module is returned according to congested control module is further predicted bandwidth and the number of plies of the video data that correspondingly adjust to transmit.In this scheme, suppose that congested control module adopts the friendly congestion control policy (TCP-friendlycongestion control) of TCP, predict the available bandwidth of next stage according to the characteristic of TCP friend 30 good congestion control policies and the transmission rate of current server then, and carry out the quality adaptation adjustment.
Owing to need estimate the network bandwidth, this brings the serious problems of three aspects:
1) the Internet scenario is very complicated, and bandwidth is usually estimated inaccurate, causes system performance to decline to a great extent;
2) in order to estimate bandwidth, the quality adaptation system must know how congested control module works.And in fact different servers may adopt different congestion control policies, and this makes that prior art difficulty on using is very big;
3) in order to estimate bandwidth and to carry out corresponding quality adaptation adjustment, prior art must correctly be provided with series of parameters.Unfortunately, the setting of these parameters can only rely on experience and method of trial and error, is unfavorable for the practical application of technology.
Just because of these reasons, still lacking in the world at present can be in the proper product that transmits multi-medium data on the Internet in real time.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and defective, solve the multimedia technical matters of real-time transmission of network bandwidth adaptive from a brand-new angle, invent and realized a cover be simple and easy to, need not predict well transmission multimedia scheme in real time of bandwidth and effect.
Strict theoretical proof and emulation experiment explanation this programme effect are fine, are convenient to very much realize.
For realizing purpose of the present invention by the following technical solutions.
A kind of multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive mainly comprises video server, client computer and the Internet, and video server transmits multimedia messages by the Internet in real time to client computer, it is characterized in that, wherein
(1) comprise on the video server:
A. the video data memory storage comes video data in this video data memory storage according to playing order;
B. send snubber assembly, be used for temporarily depositing video data;
C. the quality adaptation device takes out data from the video data memory storage, and the quality of the video data that is sent according to the situation adjustment in the network that monitors is promptly carried out the self-adaptation adjustment and handled, and then adjusted data is put into the transmission snubber assembly; It comprises:
1. send the snubber assembly monitor, be used for monitoring the data volume situation that sends snubber assembly;
2. dispatch reshaper, excite, after exciting, from the video data memory storage, take out the next frame data, after shaping is handled, these frame data are put into the transmission snubber assembly and wait transmission by sending the snubber assembly monitor;
3. quality controller, the quality of the handled frame of control current scheduling reshaper;
4. receive the snubber assembly observer, be used for observing the data volume that receives snubber assembly.
D. congestion control device, skill congestion control policy fetch data from send snubber assembly and send in the Internet;
(2) comprise on the client computer:
A. transponder is used for sending answer signal to the congestion control device of video server, assists congestion control device to carry out congested control;
B. receive snubber assembly, be used for temporarily depositing the video data that sends by the Internet;
C. demoder is responsible for decoding;
D. player is responsible for broadcast;
E. play monitor, monitor client's trick play incident.
Described transmission snubber assembly monitor has a given threshold value, and the data volume in sending snubber assembly sends the snubber assembly monitor and excites the scheduling reshaper during less than this given threshold value.
Described quality controller is a kind of output Br that receives the snubber assembly observer, regulator that is output as video quality Q of being input as, and this regulator is selected from proportional governor, proportional and integral controller, proportional integral derivative controller, Fuzzy Controller.
Also comprise integrator in described proportional and integral controller and proportional integral derivative controller, the output of n sampling instant integrator is designated as Integ
(n)
Described quality controller realizes that the step of quality control is:
(1) preestablishes the reference value Ref that receives the snubber assembly data volume;
(2) the frame per second f by video playback sets sample frequency, makes sample frequency 〉=f;
(3) adjusting parameter K p, Ki, the Kd of setting quality controller;
(4) do the controlling of sampling computing according to the sample frequency of setting, thereby obtain the video quality Qn of current time;
(5) video quality Qn is outputed to the scheduling reshaper.
For proportional and integral controller and proportional integral derivative controller, described controlling of sampling computing comprises step:
(1) reads in the observed reading Br of current receive buffer device observer
(n)
(2) with Br
(n)Compare with the reference value Ref that receives the snubber assembly data volume;
(3) adjust the output of integrator according to following formula:
Integ
(n)＝Ki×(Br-Ref)+Integ
(n-1)；
(4) calculate video quality according to following formula:
Q＝Integ
(n)+Kp×[Br
(n)-Req]+Kd×[Br
(n)-Br
(n-1)]。
Described reception snubber assembly observer observing earth receives the data volume Br of snubber assembly constantly
(t)Step be:
(1) from quality controller and the quality of dispatching the video data frame that send by network in 0 to the t time of acquisition in the reshaper and the size of each frame, utilize the play frame rate of client computer and the feedback information of described broadcast monitor again, be the information of client computer generation trick play incident, accurately estimate t constantly till client computer play how many data C altogether
(t)
(2) receiving information that the utilization of snubber assembly observer sends the snubber assembly monitor calculates and is played from start to t and has transmitted how many data S to client computer altogether constantly
(t)
(3) thus receiving the snubber assembly observer can calculate t and receive data volume Br in the snubber assembly constantly
(t)=S
(t)-C
(t)
The trick play incident that described client computer took place comprises fast-forward play, suspends broadcast, fast reverse play.
The shaping of described scheduling reshaper is handled and is comprised step:
(1) the current output Qt of reading quality controller;
(2) adjust described next frame data, make the video quality of this frame as far as possible near Qt.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the present invention can make multimedia server self-adapting network situation transmit multi-medium data in real time, even under the network environment of acute variation, adopt this technology still can guarantee client enjoy continuous, stably, the Video service of E.B.B.;
2, present technique does not need the estimation network bandwidth, has avoided the network bandwidth to estimate that the performance of being forbidden to bring declines to a great extent;
3, the present invention has realized the decoupling zero of quality adaptation system and congestion control system, thereby makes the quality adaptation system among the present invention to work under any congestion control policy, has greatly reduced the difficulty of technology popularization;
4, the present invention can shield the influence of the short time yardstick fluctuation of the network bandwidth to video playing quality well, network bandwidth fluctuation comprises the fluctuation of long time scale and the fluctuation of short time yardstick, because the effect of congested control, the short time yardstick fluctuation of the network bandwidth is usually bigger, if directly carrying out video quality according to the network real-time bandwidth regulates, will inevitably cause the video quality shake violent, make the client very uncomfortable.The present invention does not need direct tracking network bandwidth to carry out quality adjustment, has shielded the influence of the short time yardstick fluctuation of the network bandwidth to video playing quality well;
5, the present invention has greatly simplified the adjusting difficulty of parameter, needs the parameter amount of regulating seldom simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is existing layering quality adaptation system architecture synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the multimedia transmission system structural representation of network bandwidth adaptive of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a program flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a quality controller schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 5 implements the performance test result under violent bandwidth change situation when of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive, need not predict bandwidth and network bandwidth adaptive well, thereby guarantee that real-time high-quality transmits multimedia messages, this system mainly comprises video server 1, client computer 2 and the Internet 3, and video server 1 transmits multimedia messages by the Internet 3 in real time to client computer 2.
Further comprise on the described video server 1:
A. the video data memory block comes video data in this video data memory block 11 according to playing order;
B. send buffer zone 13, be used for temporarily depositing video data;
C. the quality adaptation device 12, take out data from video data memory block 11, and the quality of the video data that is sent according to the corresponding adjustment of situation in the network that monitors is promptly carried out the self-adaptation adjustment and handled, and the data after will handling are then put into transmission buffer zone 13;
D. congested control module 14 is fetched data toward the 3 li transmissions in the Internet from send buffer zone 13 by congestion control policy.
Comprise on the described client computer 2:
A. transponder 21, are used for sending answer signal to the congested control module 14 of existing server 1 frequently, assist congested control module 14 to carry out congested control;
B. send buffer 22, are used for temporarily depositing the video data that sends by the Internet 3;
C. demoder 23, are responsible for decoding;
D. player 24, are responsible for broadcast;
E. play monitor 25, monitor client's trick play incident.
Described quality adaptation device 12 further comprises:
(1) sends buffer zone monitor 121, be used for monitoring the data volume situation that sends buffer zone;
(2) scheduling reshaper 122 excites by sending buffer zone monitor 121, takes out the next frame data after exciting from video data memory block 11, after shaping is handled these frame data is put into transmission buffer zone 13 and waits transmission;
(3) quality controller 123, the quality of control current scheduling reshaper 122 handled frames;
(5) the send buffer observer 124, are used for observing the data volume of send buffer 22.
Developed a prototype system of the present invention as embodiment with VisualC+ ten developing instruments of Microsoft below,, described how to realize the present invention in detail, and provide various embodiments in conjunction with program flow chart of the present invention shown in Figure 3.
In the present embodiment, the congested control module 14 of video server 1 end is responsible for transmitting data with the mutual of the Internet 2 and to the Internet, and congested control module 14 has a variety of implementations.Wherein a kind of simple mode is directly to adopt sockets interface to realize.The windows system of Microsoft provides Winsocket DLL (dynamic link library).The function of utilizing the CSocket class (or CAsyncsocket class) in the MFC class can realize in network, transmitting data and realize congested control.On unix platform, can adopt the BSD-Socket interface to realize.Native system allows equally with reference to any congestion control policy, realizes congested control module 14 under the architecture of TCP/IP.
The transmission buffer zone 13 of video server 1 end can be realized as long as open up a memory headroom at server.Usually it is smaller to send buffer zone 13, as long as the space of tens K bytes.
Video data memory block 11 is usually by the realizations such as (as hard disk, CDs) of jumbo storer.
Quality adaptation device 12 on the video server 1 is crucial.This quality controller 12 can be realized with hardware, also can realize with software.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 have provided omnidistance program flow diagram and quality controller process flow diagram.In the present embodiment, send buffer zone monitor 121 and monitor when data are less than given threshold value in the transmission buffer zone 13, just carry out the processing of next frame data.
The supervision effect of this transmission buffer zone 13 can realize with interruption, also can realize with regularly inquiring about.Processing to the next frame data comprises three steps:
1) from the video data memory block 11 li get next frame (j frame) data; The memory address of scheduling reshaper 122 visit j frame data just can realize this step;
2) scheduling reshaper 122 is modulated the j frame data according to the output of quality controller 123.Modulation to Frame can realize with a lot of modes: if video data is a hierarchical coding, can reach the video quality and the Transmit Bit Rate requirement of these frame data of modulation by select the suitable number of plies from these frame data so; If video data is a scalable coding, can directly utilize the characteristic of scalable coding to come modulating data so; If video data is by MPEG.2 or the coding of coding standard more early, video quality and the Transmit Bit Rate requirement that can adopt the method for dynamic bit rate shaping (Dynamical Rate Shaping) to modulate these frame data so;
3) the j frame data of scheduling reshaper 122 after modulation are put into that to send buffer zone 13 etc. to be sent.Dispatch reshaper 122 then the next frame (j+l frame) of 11 li of pointed video data memory blocks.Carry out above-mentioned circulation then, finish until playing.
In the present embodiment, realize quality controller 123 with sampling controller, Fig. 4 has provided the quality controller process flow diagram.Because the frame per second of video playback is f frame per second (being generally 30 frame per seconds), the sample frequency of choosing quality controller 123 is more than or equal to the f hertz.The software timer of Microsoft's Window operating system can be used for producing sampling and interrupt, and some other hardware also can be used to produce sampling and interrupts.In the present embodiment, carry out video quality control with proportional and integral controller.Every sampling instant, quality controller 123 is read the output of people's reception buffer observer 124, and carries out the proportional integral computing, the final output video quality.Also can carry out video quality control with other regulator, such as Fuzzy Controller, proportional governor or the like.
In quality controller process flow diagram shown in Figure 4, a proportional integral device is arranged, integrator is output as Integ
(n)This quality controller 123 has three parameters:
1) the reference value Ref of send buffer 22 data volumes is used to set the adjusting target of send buffer data volume;
2) the proportional COEFFICIENT K p of proportional and integral controller is used for the adjusting intensity of the proportional of preset proportion integral controller;
3) the integral item coefficient Ki of proportional and integral controller is used for the adjusting intensity of the integral of preset proportion integral controller.
Described quality controller 123 realizes that the step of quality control is:
(1) preestablishes the reference value Ref of send buffer 22 data volumes;
(2) set sample frequency by the existing frame per second f that plays frequently, make sample frequency 〉=f;
(3) adjusting parameter K p, the Ki of setting quality controller 12;
(4) do the controlling of sampling computing according to the sample frequency of setting, thereby obtain the video quality Qn of current time;
(5) video quality Qn is outputed to scheduling reshaper 122.
As shown in Figure 4, quality controller 123 passing ratio integral controllers are realized the process flow diagram of every frame data modulation.Described controlling of sampling computing comprises: at first get initialization Integ=0, during to the sampling time, read in the observed reading Br of current receive buffer district observer 124
(n)With Br
(n)Compare with the reference value Ref of send buffer data volume; Adjust the output of integrator according to following formula:
Integ
(n)＝Ki×[Br
(n)-Ref]+Integ
(n-1)；
Calculate video quality according to following formula again:
Q＝Integ
(n)+Kp×[Br
(n)-Ref]；
Output video quality Q then.
The step of data volume Bf in the described send buffer observer 124 observation t moment send buffers 22 is:
(1) obtains the quality of the video data frame that sends by network 3 in 0 to t time and the size of each frame for 122 li from quality controller 123 and scheduling reshaper, utilize the play frame rate of client computer 2 and the feedback information of described broadcast monitor 25 again, be the information that the trick play incidents take place for client computer 2, accurately estimate t constantly till client computer 2 play how many data C altogether
(t)
(2) the send buffer observer 124 utilization information that sends buffer zone monitors 121 is calculated and is played from start to t and has transmitted how many data S to client computer 2 altogether constantly
(t)
(3) thus send buffer observer 124 can be calculated the t data volume in the send buffer 22 constantly
Br
(t)＝S
(t)-C
(t)。
The trick play incident that described client computer 2 took place comprises fast-forward play, suspends broadcast, fast reverse play etc.
The shaping of described scheduling reshaper 122 is handled and is comprised step:
(1) the current output Qt of reading quality controller;
(2) adjust described next frame data, make the video quality of this frame near Qt.
Figure 5 shows that the performance test result under violent bandwidth change situation, wherein the bandwidth situation of usefulness is tested in (a) expression, (b) be illustrated in the video playing quality that the client computer Ruide is arrived, (c) and (d) be illustrated respectively in send buffer 22 during the broadcast and send the data volume situation of buffer zone 13.In the comparison diagram (a) and (b), as can be seen, under the situation of network bandwidth acute variation, video quality changes very mild.By figure (c) as can be known, in playing process, take over party's buffer zone does not have overflow and underflow all the time, and this shows that the client can enjoy continuous video playback all the time, occur to play and get stuck, also not have to lose the video data of coming from the network biography because of buffer overflow.Scheming it (d) then shows and sends buffer zone 13 all the time about the 50K byte, and underflow does not take place, and this explanation network sending module has data to send out all the time, that is to say that the network bandwidth is fully utilized.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive mainly comprises video server, client computer and the Internet, and video server transmits multimedia messages by the Internet in real time to client computer, it is characterized in that wherein
(1) comprise on the video server:
A. the video data memory storage comes video data in this video data memory storage according to playing order;
B. send snubber assembly, be used for temporarily depositing video data;
C. the quality adaptation device takes out data from the video data memory storage, and the quality of the video data that is sent according to the situation adjustment in the network that monitors is promptly carried out the self-adaptation adjustment and handled, and then adjusted data is put into the transmission snubber assembly; It comprises:
1. send the snubber assembly monitor, be used for monitoring the data volume situation that sends snubber assembly;
2. dispatch reshaper, excite, after exciting, from the video data memory storage, take out the next frame data, after shaping is handled, these frame data are put into the transmission snubber assembly and wait transmission by sending the snubber assembly monitor;
3. quality controller, the quality of the handled frame of control current scheduling reshaper;
4. receive the snubber assembly observer, be used for observing the data volume that receives snubber assembly.
D. congestion control device, fetching data from send snubber assembly by congestion control policy sends in the Internet;
(2) comprise on the client computer:
A. transponder is used for sending answer signal to the congestion control device of video server, assists congestion control device to carry out congested control;
B. receive snubber assembly, be used for temporarily depositing the video data that sends by the Internet;
C. demoder is responsible for decoding;
D. player is responsible for broadcast;
E. play monitor, monitor client's trick play incident.
2, the multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described transmission snubber assembly monitor has a given threshold value, and the data volume in sending snubber assembly sends the snubber assembly monitor and excites the scheduling reshaper during less than this given threshold value.
3, the multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described quality controller is a kind of output Br that receives the snubber assembly observer, regulator that is output as video quality Q of being input as, and this regulator is selected from proportional governor, proportional and integral controller, proportional integral derivative controller, Fuzzy Controller.
4, the multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive according to claim 3 is characterized in that, also comprises integrator in described proportional and integral controller and the proportional integral derivative controller, and the output of n sampling instant integrator is designated as Integ
(n)
5, the multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described quality controller realizes that the step of quality control is:
(1) preestablishes the reference value Ref that receives the snubber assembly data volume;
(2) the frame per second f by video playback sets sample frequency, makes sample frequency 〉=f:
(3) adjusting parameter K p, Ki, the Kd of setting quality controller;
(4) do the controlling of sampling computing according to the sample frequency of setting, thereby obtain the video quality Qn of current time;
(5) video quality Qn is outputed to the scheduling reshaper.
6, the multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described controlling of sampling computing comprises step:
(1) reads in the observed reading Br of current receive buffer device observer
(n)
(2) with Br
(n)Compare with the reference value Ref that receives the snubber assembly data volume;
(3) adjust the output of integrator according to following formula:
Integ
(n)＝Ki×(Br-Ref)+Integ
(n-1)；
(4) calculate video quality according to following formula:
Q＝Integ
(n)+Kp×[Br
(n)-Ref]+Kd×[Br
(n)-Br
(n-1)]。
7, the multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reception snubber assembly observer observation t receives the data volume Br of snubber assembly constantly
(t)Step be:
(1) from quality controller and the quality of dispatching the video data frame that send by network in 0 to the t time of acquisition in the reshaper and the size of each frame, utilize the play frame rate of client computer and the feedback information of described broadcast monitor again, be the information of client computer generation trick play incident, accurately estimate t constantly till client computer play how many data C altogether
(t)
(2) receiving information that the utilization of snubber assembly observer sends the snubber assembly monitor calculates and is played from start to t and has transmitted how many data S to client computer altogether constantly
(t)
(3) thus receiving the snubber assembly observer can calculate t and receive data volume Br in the snubber assembly constantly
(t)=S
(t)-C
(t)
8, the multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the trick play incident that described client computer took place comprises fast-forward play, suspends broadcast, fast reverse play.
9, the multimedia transmission system of network bandwidth adaptive according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the shaping of described scheduling reshaper is handled and comprised step:
(1) the current output Qt of reading quality controller;
(2) adjust described next frame data, make the video quality of this frame near Qt.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02103433 CN1205566C (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2002-02-05 | Network bandwidth adaptive multimedia transmission system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02103433 CN1205566C (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2002-02-05 | Network bandwidth adaptive multimedia transmission system |
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| CN1205566C true CN1205566C (en) | 2005-06-08 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100379224C (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2008-04-02 | 明基电通股份有限公司 | Data controlling method for medium player system |
| CN100349411C (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2007-11-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Medium flow service quality reporting method |
| CN100344112C (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2007-10-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | MG reporting service quality information realizing method in next generation network |
| US9112825B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2015-08-18 | Dynatrace Llc | Performance monitoring of a media player launched by a web browser |
| US20140365889A1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-12-11 | Justin Lipman | User effected adaptive streaming |
| CN103812831A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-21 | 上海心动企业发展有限公司 | Control method and control device for downloading and updating multimedia data according to bandwidth |
| CN106210926B (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-12-04 | 天津大学 | Video quality self-adaptation control method based on fuzzy control |
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