CN1202390A - Integrated method and apparatus for semi-dry fume desulfuration and magnetic fertilizer production - Google Patents
Integrated method and apparatus for semi-dry fume desulfuration and magnetic fertilizer production Download PDFInfo
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- CN1202390A CN1202390A CN 98101530 CN98101530A CN1202390A CN 1202390 A CN1202390 A CN 1202390A CN 98101530 CN98101530 CN 98101530 CN 98101530 A CN98101530 A CN 98101530A CN 1202390 A CN1202390 A CN 1202390A
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- spray dryer
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Abstract
The said method includes the following steps: lead fume containing sulfur oxide into spray dryer; lead atomized ammonia into spray dryer so as to make ammonia water and sulfur oxide contact and react to produce ammonium sulfate; exhaust reacted fume from the spray dryer to deduster, where the ammonia sulfate powder is separated from fume and collected; and magnetizing powder to obtain magnetized fertilizer. The said equipment includes spray dryer, ammonia water atomizer inside the spray dryer, deduster down the spray dryer and magnetizer.
Description
The invention relates to an integrated method for semi-dry desulfurization of flue gas and production of a magnetic fertilizer, in particular to a method for removing oxysulfide (SO) from flue gas by using ammonia water2、SO3) And simultaneously, the integrated method for preparing the magnetic fertilizer by using the powder containing ammonium sulfate generated in the desulfurization process.
China is a country taking coal as a main energy source, and soot type air pollution mainly comprising oxysulfide and smoke dust always dominates, so that China becomes one of the most sulfur oxide polluted countries in the world.
Various desulfurization methods have been proposed so far, but many of them are wet methods in which a large amount of water or a specific chemical agent is consumed, and thus waste water and sludge as by-products thereof must be treated, which brings another problem which is difficult to solve.
The dry desulfurization mainly comprises a lime method and an ammonia method, and a large amount of waste residues generated after the lime method is used for desulfurization are difficult to treat, so that secondary pollution is caused; the ammonia process, such as the Japanese ammonia dry desulfurization process, is carried out under the irradiation of electron beams, and can be referred to Chinese patent application publication No. CN 1011858B and Chinese patent application publication No. CN 1133749A. Mixing the flue gas and ammonia gas, and irradiating with electron beam emitted by electron accelerator to obtain SOxNOx and NH3Reaction to form ammonium salt, whichThe method has large investment and high operating cost.
Ammonia is used as a desulfurizer for ammonia desulfurization, which can refer to Chinese patent application publication No. CN 86101059A; japanese patent laid-open publication (A) JP-Sho 58-14933; JP-Hei 1-310721.
At present, ammonia is adopted as a desulfurization method of a desulfurizer, and the process flow is as follows: flue gas dust removal → ammonia gas desulfurization → re-dust removal, and flue gas dust removal generates a large amount of fly ash, which inevitably has a problem of stacking and further processing.
In China, the treatment cost of the existing flue gas desulfurization is far higher than the charging standard for the punishment of the sulfur oxide pollution discharge, which is also one of the reasons that many enterprises can pay the pollution discharge cost rather than carry out the flue gas desulfurization treatment.
The production of magnetic fertilizers from fly ash is known in the art. The Chinese patent application publication CN 1088564A discloses a method for producing a magnetic fertilizer by using fly ash as a raw material, wherein the fly ash is required to be crushed and sieved for producing the magnetic fertilizer by using the fly ash, and the treatment has high labor intensity and high equipment investment cost.
The invention aims to provide equipment for a method for desulfurizing flue gas by using ammonia water, which solves the problem of generating a large amount of fly ash during flue gas dust removal.
The invention also aims to provide a method and equipment for preparing the magnetic fertilizer, wherein the method directly utilizes the powdery substance containing ammonium sulfate generated by flue gas desulfurization, and obtains the high-quality agricultural magnetic fertilizer after preparation and magnetization.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an integrated process and apparatus for flue gas desulfurization with ammonia while producing a magnetized fertilizer.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an integrated process for the implementation of flue gas desulfurization while producing a magnetofertilizer in accordance with the present invention.
The invention relates to a method and equipment for integrating flue gas desulfurization and production of a magnetic fertilizer. The main raw materials for producing the magnetic fertilizer are fly ash and nitrogen fertilizer (urea or ammonium sulfate), and other additives such as phosphorus and potassium are added according to different crops. Currently, ammonium sulfate or urea, fly ash and other additives such as phosphorus and potassium are purchased for producing the magnetic fertilizer. The raw materials for producing the magnetic fertilizer in the invention are ammonia water, oxysulfide in flue gas and smoke dust (namely, ammonium sulfate and fly ash mixed powder collected by a dust remover). And then according to different requirements of crops, additives such as urea, phosphorus, potassium and the like are added properly, and the procedures of drying and crushing the fly ash in the common production of the magnetized fertilizer and then drying and crushing the fly ash in the methods of proportioning, granulating and magnetizing are reduced. The invention also aims to provide a flue gas desulfurization method with simple process, easy operation and control, less investment and low operating cost.
This makes the desulfurization cost lower than that of SO2The pollution discharge and charge standard is met, and the production cost of the magnetized fertilizer is reduced.
The comprehensive utilization of the fly ash generated by coal-fired boilers has been a common concern of countries in the world. The "magnetized fertilizer" is produced by using fly ash, i.e. adding nitrogen fertilizer and other proper quantity of multielement additive into fly ash, and making them pass through a certain strong magnetization treatment so as to obtain the high-quality agricultural chemical fertilizer. The foreign countries begin in the 50 s, and the 90 s of China realize industrial production.
The present invention uses a special spray dryer with air atomizer, uses ammonia water as desulfurizing agent to remove oxysulfide from flue gas, collects the smoke dust containing ammonium sulfate in dust remover as raw material of magnetic fertilizer, then according to the requirements for producing magnetic fertilizer, prepares mixed ammonia liquor containing phosphorus and potassium elements, and makes them pass through such processes of proportioning, granulating and magnetizing so as to produce magnetic fertilizer. It can effectively and economically desulfurize, simplify the procedures of drying, crushing and the like in the production process of the 'magnetic fertilizer', also provide nitrogen fertilizer and fly ash for the production of the 'magnetic fertilizer', integrate the production of the 'magnetic fertilizer' with boiler desulfurization, save the production cost of the 'magnetic fertilizer', open up a shortcut favorable for the production of the 'magnetic fertilizer' and solve the problem of high cost of flue gas desulfurization.
The ammonia water desulfurization is characterized in that flue gas directly enters a spray dryer without passing through a dust removal device, ammonia water or a mixed solution of ammonia water, phosphorus, potassium and the like prepared according to the requirements of producing a magnetic fertilizer is sprayed into the dryer through an air atomizer, the pressure intensity and the air pressure intensity of the ammonia water are controlled, ammonia liquid atomization is ensured, the concentration and the spraying amount of the ammonia water are controlled, and sulfur oxides are changed into ammonium sulfate in the spray drying process and mixed with fly ash into powder. The temperature of the smoke outlet of the spray dryer is controlled to be above 100 ℃, the smoke passes through the high-efficiency dust remover, the dedusted smoke is discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney, and dedusted dust is the main raw material containing ammonium sulfate and fly ash for producing the magnetic fertilizer, and then the magnetic fertilizer is produced through batching, granulation and magnetization.
Therefore, the invention provides an integrated method for semi-dry flue gas desulfurization and production of a 'magnetic fertilizer', which comprises the following steps:
introducing flue gas containing sulfur oxides into a spray dryer;
introducing ammonia water into a spray dryer in an atomization mode, and enabling the ammonia water to be in contact with sulfur oxides in the flue gas and react to generate ammonium sulfate;
discharging the reacted flue gas from the spray dryer into a dust remover to separate the powdery substance containing ammonium sulfate from the flue gas, and collecting the powdery substance;
and magnetizing the powder to obtain the magnetized fertilizer.
In addition, the invention also provides a device for semi-dry type flue gas desulfurization and production of 'magnetic fertilizer', which comprises:
a spray dryer for contacting the flue gas with ammonia;
an ammonia water atomizer located in the spray dryer;
a dust collector located downstream of the spray dryer for collecting the powder;
and a magnetizing device for magnetizing the powder.
The invention also provides a magnetized fertilizer obtained by the method implemented by the equipment.
The ammonia atomization requires that the pressure of the ammonia entering the atomizer is 0.25-0.45 MPa, and the air pressure of the atomizer is 0.3-0.4 MPa, so that the ammonia is atomized.
The amount of the ammonia water sprayed into the spray dryer depends on the temperature of the flue gas before entering the spray dryer, so that the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the spray dryer is reduced to the amount of water required by 100-110 ℃.
The amount of ammonia injected into the ammonia water in the spray dryer is controlled depending on the content of sulfur oxides in the flue gasNH4OH∶SO2Preferably 1.25-1.45: 1.
The residence time of the flue gas in the spray dryer is 1.5-2.5 seconds.
The direction of the flue gas flow is the same as the direction of spraying, and the gas flow speed in the spray dryer is 8-12 m/s.
The smoke coming out of the spray dryer is dedusted by a high-efficiency deduster, the dedusted smoke is discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney, and the deduster can select an electrostatic deduster, a bag deduster or a multi-pipe deduster according to the emission standard requirement.
The collected dust after dust removal, namely the 'magnetic fertilizer' raw material containing ammonium sulfate and fly ash, is a product after desulfurization and dust removal.
The flue gas treatment adopts the processes of firstly desulfurizing and then removing dust, collecting the dust after dust removal, and then producing the magnetic fertilizer by blending, granulating and magnetizing.
The device for implementing the method mainly comprises a spray dryer and a high-efficiency dust remover, wherein the spray dryer is internally provided with an atomizer. The atomizer can be WDH type nozzle produced by Beijing Shen fog nozzle technology development Limited liability company.
The integrated method of semi-dry ammonia water desulfurization and 'magnetized fertilizer' production of the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
The attached drawing is a flow chart of the invention, wherein 1 is boiler flue gas; 2 is a heat exchanger; 3 is a spray dryer; 4 is an atomizer; 5 is an air pump; 6 is an ammonia pump; 7 is an ammonia water storage tank; 8 is a dust remover; 9 issmoke dust; 10 is a chimney; 11 is an ingredient; granulating 12; 13 is magnetization; 14 is a magnetic fertilizer.
As shown in figure 1, boiler flue gas 1 enters a special spray dryer 3 provided with an atomizer 4 through a heat exchanger 2, ammonia water from a storage tank 7 is sprayed in the same direction as the flow direction of the flue gas through an ammonia pump 6 and an air pump 5, and the ammonia water is sprayed in the spray dryerThe dryer 3 is contacted with the flue gas, the pressure of ammonia water is 0.25-0.45 MPa, the pressure of air is 0.3-0.4 MPa, and the liquid fog granularity is less than 40 mu m. In order to enable sulfur oxides in the flue gas to react with ammonia water to generate ammonium sulfate, the flue gas stays in the spray dryer for 1.5-2.5 seconds. The amount of ammonia sprayed is mainly determined by the amount and temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the spray dryer. After the spray reaction, discharging flue gas from an outlet of a spray dryer, and controlling the temperature of the flue gas at 100-110 ℃ at the outlet of the spray dryer, wherein ammonium sulfate and fly ash in the flue gas exist in powder form, so that no water is generated; ammonia spraying amount by flue gasSO in (1)2Amount determination, general weight ratio control at NH4OH∶SO2Preferably 1.25-1.45: 1.
The chemical reactions that mainly take place during the reaction:
in a spray dryer, SO2The removal rate is more than 90 percent, and NO is2The removalrate was about 30%.
In the method, even if the temperature of the treated flue gas at the outlet of the spray dryer is quite as high as 125-130 ℃, the flue gas can be effectively desulfurized.
The desulfurized flue gas enters the high-efficiency dust collector 8 from the spray dryer 3, and the high-efficiency dust collector can be selected from an electrostatic dust collector, a bag type dust collector and a high-efficiency multi-tube dust collector according to the requirements of the flue gas emission standard, and the flue gas after dust collection is discharged through a chimney 10. The dust 9 collected by the dust remover is the magnetic fertilizer raw material containing ammonium sulfate and fly ash, and then the magnetic fertilizer 14 is produced by the steps of proportioning 11, granulating 12 and magnetizing 13. The magnetizing equipment can be an STC-5 type magnetizing machine (magnetization 4000G) produced by Luoyang four-way new technology development limited company.
The invention also relates to a method for producing the magnetic fertilizer by using the powder produced by flue gas desulfurization and dust removal as the raw material of the magnetic fertilizer containing the nitrogenous fertilizer and the fly ash.
The present invention has simple technological process, low investment and low running cost, and is suitable for desulfurizing fume of various boilers, especially high sulfur coal boilers.
Examples
20 tons of industrial boilers run for 24 hours, and the air volume of the induced draft fan is 60000m3/h, the coal burning amount is 2-3 t/h, the sulfur content of the fire coal is 0.4-1.2%, the height of a chimney is 50m, and the inner diameter of an outlet is 2 m.
Inlet flue gas temperature of spray dryer 139 deg.C, SO2The concentration was 207ppm and the aqueous ammonia contained 2.2% by weight of ammonia, and the test results are given in the following table:test results
Water spray quantity of atomizer (l/h) | Water yield of spray dryer (l/h) | Spray dryer outlet flue gas | Desulfurization rate (%) | |
Temperature (. degree.C.) | SO2Concentration (ppm) | |||
0 | 0 | 139 | 207 | 0 |
600 | 0 | 116 | 76 | 63 |
800 | 0 | 112 | 43 | 79 |
1000 | 0 | 105 | 14 | 93 |
1200 | 90 | 102 | Not detected out | 100 |
At a discharge of 1000, NH4OH∶SO21.37, desulfurization rate 93%, NO removal2The ratio is 34% |
In the invention, ammonia water is used as a desulfurizer instead of ammonia gas, so that the application range is large and the treatment cost is low. As the ammonia water of the desulfurizer, waste ammonia water produced in various industries (as long as no pollution is caused in the production of the magnetic fertilizer) can be used. Compared with the prior art of desulfurization, the method is different in that desulfurization is performed firstly, and then dust is removed, so that ammonium sulfate and smoke dust in the flue gas are collected simultaneously, and the magnetic fertilizer is produced. One dust separator of the prior art is omitted. Compared with the prior art of the magnetized fertilizer, the method is characterized in that raw materials for preparing the magnetized fertilizer, such as ammonia water and ingredients thereof, are directly sprayed into a desulfurizer for spray drying to obtain powder containing the magnetized fertilizer raw materials, and the steps of drying, crushing and the like of fly ash in the prior art are omitted. Thus, the desulfurization process and the preparation process of the magnetized fertilizer are improved simultaneously.
The invention removes SO in the flue gas with low cost2For improving atmospheric environment and eliminating acid rain pollution, in order to realize SO at the end of this century2The goal of total emission control within 2000 ten thousand tons contributes.
After the method is implemented, the stacking amount of the fly ash is reduced, the contradiction of land competition with farmers is solved, the serious problems of soil acidification, soil hardening and the like caused by the side effect of the conventional common chemical fertilizer are solved, and the method has wide social benefits.
The boiler flue gas desulfurization by-products and the fly ash are used as main raw materials, so that the production cost of the magnetic fertilizer is reduced by about 200 yuan/ton compared with the production cost of the common magnetic fertilizer, and considerable economic benefit is brought.
By estimation, two 75-ton boilers can produce 2 ten thousand tons of magnetic fertilizer per year, the annual output value is 1900 ten thousand yuan, the annual profit is 630 ten thousand yuan, and the annual net profit is 510 ten thousand yuan. Therefore, the economic benefit is very considerable.
Claims (14)
1. An integrated method for semi-dry flue gas desulfurization and production of magnetic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
introducing flue gas containing sulfur oxides into a spray dryer;
introducing ammonia water into a spray dryer in an atomization mode, and enabling the ammonia water to be in contact with sulfur oxides in the flue gas and react to generate ammonium sulfate;
discharging the reacted flue gas from the spray dryer into a dust remover to separate the powdery substance containing ammonium sulfate from the flue gas, and collecting the powdery substance;
and magnetizing the powder to obtain the magnetized fertilizer.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the flue gas is introduced co-directionally with the ammonia.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure of the ammonia water entering the atomizer is 0.25 to 0.45MPa, and the pressure of the ammonia water entering the atomizer is 0.3 to 0.4 MPa.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of ammonia sprayed into the spray dryer is controlled to reduce the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the spray dryer to 100-110 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of ammonia in the ammonia water sprayed into the spray dryer is controlled to provide a weight ratio of NH to4OH∶SO2=1.25~1.45∶1。
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the residence time of the flue gas in the spray dryer is 1.5 to 2.5 seconds.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the flue gas flow velocity in the spray dryer is from 8 to 12 m/s.
8. The process of claim 1, the aqueous ammonia mist having a particle size of<40 μm.
9. The process of any of claims 1-8, further comprising formulating an additive comprising nitrogen and/or phosphorus and/or potassium elements in the aqueous ammonia sprayed into the spray dryer.
10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising formulating an additive containing nitrogen and/or phosphorus and/or potassium elements into the powder collected in the dust separator.
11. A magnetized fertilizer prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-10.
12. A semi-dry flue gas desulfurization and magnetic fertilizer production equipment comprises:
a spray dryer for contacting the flue gas with ammonia;
an ammonia water atomizer located in the spray dryer;
a dust collector located downstream of the spray dryer for collecting the powder;
and a magnetizing device for magnetizing the powder.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising means for introducing flue gas and ammonia into the spray dryer.
14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the precipitator is an electrostatic precipitator or a bag-type precipitator or a multi-tube precipitator.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1086959C (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2002-07-03 | 王晋宁 | Flue gas desulfurizing agent and method |
CN1132663C (en) * | 2000-07-04 | 2003-12-31 | 罗广福 | Method for removing sulphur oxides from smelting equipment flue gas |
CN101791511A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2010-08-04 | 山东大学 | Process and system for ammonia spraying flue gas desulfurization and sulfur dioxide recovery |
CN105271305A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-01-27 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for treating ammonia water obtained after ammonia distillation of residual ammonia water |
CN107983106A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-04 | 北京铝能清新环境技术有限公司 | A kind of flue gas purification system of low-temperature ammonium method production aluminium oxide |
PL244618B1 (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2024-02-19 | Arex Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Method of cleaning flue gases in industrial installations and installation for the implementation of the method |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR95415E (en) * | 1967-12-28 | 1970-11-06 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Process and apparatus for the recovery of sulfur dioxide present in very low concentrations in waste gases. |
JP2725784B2 (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1998-03-11 | バブコツク日立株式会社 | Flue gas desulfurization method |
CN1088564A (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-06-29 | 中国超高压输变电建设公司 | Magnetized compound fertilizer |
-
1998
- 1998-04-13 CN CN98101530A patent/CN1084217C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1086959C (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2002-07-03 | 王晋宁 | Flue gas desulfurizing agent and method |
CN1132663C (en) * | 2000-07-04 | 2003-12-31 | 罗广福 | Method for removing sulphur oxides from smelting equipment flue gas |
CN101791511A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2010-08-04 | 山东大学 | Process and system for ammonia spraying flue gas desulfurization and sulfur dioxide recovery |
CN101791511B (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2012-01-11 | 山东大学 | Process and system for ammonia spraying flue gas desulfurization and sulfur dioxide recovery |
CN105271305A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-01-27 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for treating ammonia water obtained after ammonia distillation of residual ammonia water |
CN107983106A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-04 | 北京铝能清新环境技术有限公司 | A kind of flue gas purification system of low-temperature ammonium method production aluminium oxide |
PL244618B1 (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2024-02-19 | Arex Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Method of cleaning flue gases in industrial installations and installation for the implementation of the method |
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