CN1200290C - Bandwidth-adjustable bevel fiber grating and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Bandwidth-adjustable bevel fiber grating and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1200290C CN1200290C CN 03128935 CN03128935A CN1200290C CN 1200290 C CN1200290 C CN 1200290C CN 03128935 CN03128935 CN 03128935 CN 03128935 A CN03128935 A CN 03128935A CN 1200290 C CN1200290 C CN 1200290C
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Abstract
The bandwidth adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating is formed by manufacturing a hypotenuse fiber grating on a section of optical fiber with variable outer diameter arranged on a tuning mechanism. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a bevel fiber grating: corroding the outer diameter of the bevel fiber grating according to the design requirement: and mounting the tuning mechanism. The invention has the advantages that: the bandwidth of the bevel edge of the fiber grating reflection spectrum is large, and the linearity is good; the bandwidth can be dynamically tuned, and the tuning range is large; the manufacturing process of the bevel fiber grating is simple and convenient, the stability is good, and the yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Fibre Optical Sensor, hypotenuse fiber grating that particularly a kind of bandwidth is adjustable and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Fiber grating is a kind of full optical fibre device of maturation, because the volume that itself has is little, it is low to insert loss, is easy to and characteristics such as other optical fibre device is integrated, and very important application is arranged in optical fiber communication and sensory field of optic fibre.The hypotenuse fiber grating is that a kind of spectrum line style is the leg-of-mutton special optical fiber grating of hypotenuse, and in the hypotenuse bandwidth of hypotenuse fiber grating, reflectivity and wavelength are linear.The hypotenuse fiber grating has own unique effect in Fibre Optical Sensor and fields of measurement.In sensory field of optic fibre, when measuring parameter such as ambient temperature, strain, have high sensitivity based on the sensor of fiber grating, be not subjected to characteristics such as electromagnetic interference (EMI).The ultimate principle of fiber-optic grating sensor is to utilize fiber grating spectrum, and its peak especially is with the characteristic of temperature and STRESS VARIATION.Fiber grating as sensing head should have narrow spectrum, so that accurately read the position of fiber grating centre wavelength.In order to read the peak wavelength position of sensor fibre grating, require simple and easy, cheap spectral measurement method, to replace the spectrometer of the costliness of using in the laboratory usually.People wish to obtain a kind of fiber grating that big bandwidth, reflectivity distribute with wavelength linear that has.When the narrow band fiber grating combination of it and sensing head, the amplitude of the signal that the peak wavelength position of sensing grating just can transform.Therefore the fiber grating that has the hypotenuse reflectance spectrum has important use to be worth in sensory field of optic fibre.
The manufacturing technology of hypotenuse fiber grating has some reports.One of technology formerly, people such as A.D.Kersey (" Fiber grating sensors " J.Lightwave Technol.15 (8) pp:1442-1463 1997) adopt the fibre-optical bending legal system to make the hypotenuse fiber grating, and the hypotenuse linearity of the hypotenuse grating that this method is made is poor.Formerly two of technology, people (" Fabricating fibre edge filters with arbitraryspectral response based on tilted chirped grating structures " Meas.Sci.Technol.10 pp:L1-L3 1999) such as Y Liu have made the inclination chirped fiber grating, utilize the loss effect of oblique raster radiation mode to realize the hypotenuse filter function.Equally, the hypotenuse linearity of the hypotenuse grating that this method is made is good inadequately, and inclined optical fiber grating needs well to encapsulate to crooked and external environment sensitivity, and this has just increased the cost of manufacture of grating.Formerly three of technology, people such as M.A.Putnam (" Fabrication of tapered, strain-gradent chirped fibre Bragg gratings " Electron.Lett.31 (4) pp:309-310 1995) method that adopts the corrosion grating to apply strain made the adjustable chirped fiber grating of bandwidth, makes the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of bandwidth but relate in the literature.
One of technology formerly, formerly the hypotenuse amount of bandwidth of two of the technology hypotenuse fiber gratings of making is all non-adjustable, in order to make the hypotenuse fiber grating can adapt to the application of different sensing scopes, improve the practicality and the dirigibility of hypotenuse fiber grating, be necessary after the hypotenuse fiber grating completes, to continue to regulate its hypotenuse amount of bandwidth.Up to the present, the report that the adjustable fiber grating hypotenuse wave filter of relevant hypotenuse amount of bandwidth also do not occur.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is in order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of a kind of bandwidth and preparation method thereof to be provided.It is adjustable on a large scale that this fiber grating should have the hypotenuse bandwidth, and the hypotenuse linearity is good, makes easily the characteristics that cost is low.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The hypotenuse fiber grating that a kind of bandwidth is adjustable, its structure are that one section optical fiber is installed on a mechanical tuning device, and the external diameter of this optical fiber changes and is manufactured with the hypotenuse fiber grating on the section and constitutes.
Specifically, one external diameter is changed the optical fiber that has the hypotenuse fiber grating on the section to be installed in the guide rail that the aperture is slightly larger than the optical fiber coating external diameter, this optical fiber and guide rail are fixed on the bearing with glue, this bearing is fixed on the base, an other end of optical fiber is fixed on the accurate translation stage of one dimension by bearing, and the accurate translation stage of this one dimension drives with micromachine.
The making main points of the hypotenuse fiber grating that bandwidth of the present invention is adjustable are: make the fiber core refractive index distribution with Ultra-Violet Laser width of cloth photograph method and be the chirped fiber grating that hypotenuse trigonometric function form becomes mark, obtain to have the fiber grating of hypotenuse triangle spectrum; Outside surface at this fiber grating position is made the optical fiber cross section that the diameter dullness reduces by caustic solution; Adopt mechanical mechanism that fiber grating is applied accurate controlled pulling force, obtain the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of hypotenuse bandwidth on a large scale.
The concrete steps of the method for making of described bandwidth is adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating are as follows:
1. the hypotenuse fiber grating is made: adopt the Ultra-Violet Laser width of cloth to distribute and be the chirped fiber grating that hypotenuse trigonometric function form becomes mark according to writing fiber core refractive index on the optical fiber of photosensitivity having;
2. the external diameter to the hypotenuse fiber grating corrodes: etching tank adopts corrosion resistant polythene material to make hierarchy, etching tank is made of inside groove and water jacket, two dividing plates have been settled in the inside groove, wherein upper spacer can be dull and stereotyped, or fall infundibulate, reach the center of two dividing plates up and down at inside groove, have the aperture of slightly larger in diameter in the optical fiber coating external diameter; Between the bottom of inside groove and interior water jacket, fill with heavy oil, filling with corrosive liquid on the inside groove between the lower clapboard, injection light oil on the inside groove upper spacer, corrosive liquid is the aqueous solution based on hydrofluorite, in corrosion process, earlier optical fiber is passed three apertures, and be installed in the rotating shaft of stepper motor, inject heavy oil and light oil then, inject corrosive liquid with polyethylene pipe at last, it is filled in up and down between two dividing plates, behind the injection corrosive liquid, just begin to start stepper motor, make it upwards lift optical fiber by controlled speed; After finishing corrosion, take out optical fiber immediately, water and organic solvent clean;
3. mechanical tuning device is installed: will finish the 2. the optical fiber of the hypotenuse fiber grating made of step be installed in the aperture and be slightly larger than optical fiber and apply in the guide rail of external diameter, this optical fiber and guide rail are fixed on the bearing with glue, bearing is fixed on the base, an other end of optical fiber is fixed on the accurate translation stage of one dimension by bearing, this is tieed up accurate translation stage and links to each other the formation driving relationship with micromachine.
Described optical fiber is through the optical fiber behind the high ballast hydrogen, or height is mixed the germanium light-sensitive optical fibre.
Described hypotenuse fiber grating adopts change mark phase-plate method, scanning method or luminous source optical fiber to move method of perturbation and writes.
Described base and bearing are by a kind of low-expansion material, and this material is stupalith or microcrystal glass material or low-expansion alloy material.
Described glue is ultra-violet curing glue or the epoxy resin that has good stability.
The advantage of the hypotenuse fiber grating that bandwidth of the present invention is adjustable is:
1, the hypotenuse bandwidth of fiber grating reflectance spectrum is big, and the linearity is good;
But 2, bandwidth dynamic tuning, tuning range is big;
3, the manufacture craft of hypotenuse fiber grating is easier, and stability is better, and yield rate is higher.
Description of drawings
The structural representation of Fig. 1, hypotenuse fiber grating that bandwidth is adjustable;
The analog computation result of Fig. 2, hypotenuse optical fiber light canopy spectrum and tuning characteristic thereof;
Fig. 3, making external diameter change the corrosion device synoptic diagram of fiber grating;
Fig. 4, hypotenuse fiber grating bandwidth tuning structural scheme of mechanism;
Fig. 5, fiber grating with triangle reflectance spectrum;
The reflection of Fig. 6, triangle grating and optical signal transmissive are with the change curve of strain.
Embodiment
The structure of fiber grating of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.On optical fiber 2, made fiber grating 1a with triangle spectrum; On stop position, made the fiber segment 1b that the optical fiber external diameter changes.
The principle of work of bandwidth of the present invention is adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating is as follows:
The spectral shape of fiber grating adopts hypotenuse triangle modulation optical fiber optical grating can obtain to have the fiber grating of hypotenuse triangle spectrum by its index modulation distribution form decision.The mathematical expression form of triangle modulating function is:
Here L is the length of grating, and z represents the position of grating.The p value is a controlled variable.The cycle of refractive index can be adopted the distribution that different chirp values or nothing are warbled in the fiber grating, to obtain the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of bandwidth on a large scale.The optical grating reflection spectrum of theoretical modeling as shown in Figure 2.The principle that the present invention regulates bandwidth is the fiber grating stress application that external diameter is changed, and makes the fiber grating of different parts be subjected to different strains.The strain stress relation of fiber grating peak wavelength is
λ
B(ε)≈λ
B(0)(1+0.78ε) (2)
Grating is under the tensile force f effect, and the strain stress of generation is:
ε＝F/ES＝F/[πER
2(z)] (3)
Here, E is the young modulus of optical fiber, and S is the cross-sectional area of grating.As seen ε and the S relation of being inversely proportional to, when S when optical grating axial gradually changes, under certain F, ε also will gradually change along optical grating axial, thus grating axially set up strain gradient, promptly grating has been introduced and has been warbled.F is different, and the size of the chirp value that grating is introduced is also different.From (2), (3) formula as seen, introduce linear chrip to fiber grating, fiber radius should satisfy along the distribution of grating length:
Here, R
0, R
LBe grating z=0, z=L place xsect radius.Therefore, this fiber grating is applied different pulling force, can obtain the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of bandwidth.Fig. 2 has provided the analog computation result of fiber grating reflectance spectrum under the different pulling force.
The concrete method for making of bandwidth of the present invention is adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating is as follows:
1, preparation hypotenuse fiber grating 1a: can adopt multiple optical fiber 2 with photosensitivity, such as the optical fiber behind the high ballast hydrogen of general single mode fiber process, or height is mixed germanium light-sensitive optical fibre etc.; Fiber grating adopts the technology manufacturing of Ultra-Violet Laser width of cloth photograph.Can in manufacturing process, adopt the mark phase-plate method that becomes, scanning method, luminous source optical fiber to move method of perturbation etc., write the index modulation that the triangle of prior design control distributes and the fiber grating of chirp value, comprise that chirp value is zero uniform fiber grating.
2, the preparation external diameter changes optical fiber: adopt the chemical corrosion fabrication techniques based on hydrofluorite, for the external diameter that obtains designing requirement distributes, etching tank adopts corrosion resistant polythene material, and is designed to the layering structure; Adopt the oil-based liquid protection of different specific weight not need the optical fiber position of corroding; Adopt micro-processor controlled stepper motor traction optical fiber, change to obtain required external diameter.Corrosion device as shown in Figure 3.Etching tank is made of inside groove 3 and water jacket 4.Settled two dividing plates 5 in the inside groove: wherein upper spacer can be dull and stereotyped, shown in Fig. 3 (a), or falls infundibulate, shown in Fig. 3 (b).The purpose of the dividing plate of falling the infundibulate is vertically to form different corrosion speeds.At the center of inside groove and two dividing plates, have the aperture of slightly larger in diameter in the optical fiber coating external diameter.
Between the bottom of inside groove and interior water jacket, fill with heavy oil 6.Filling with corrosive liquid 7 on the inside groove between the lower clapboard.On the inside groove upper spacer, inject light oil 8.Corrosive liquid is the aqueous solution based on hydrofluorite.Its proportion is near the proportion of water.The heavy oil that is adopted and the proportion of light oil distribute greater than with less than corrosive liquid.In the etching process process, earlier optical fiber 2 is passed three apertures, and be installed in the rotating shaft 10 of stepper motor.Inject heavy oil 6 and light oil 8 then.Inject corrosive liquid 7 with polyethylene pipe 9 at last, it is filled between two dividing plates.In these liquid processes of injection, note regulating and control liquid level high and low position.After injecting corrosive liquid, just begin to start stepper motor 10, make it upwards lift optical fiber by controlled speed.After finishing corrosion, take out optical fiber immediately, water and organic solvent clean.
3, mechanical tuning device of the present invention as shown in Figure 4.Made the optical fiber 2 of hypotenuse fiber grating 1, be installed in the aperture and be slightly larger than in the guide rail 11 of optical fiber coating external diameter.The fabrication techniques that this guide rail 11 adopts Chinese utility model patent [patent No. ZL 01 2 55004.3] to provide.Optical fiber 2 and guide rail 11 usefulness glue 14 are fixed on the bearing 151,152,153,154.Bearing 151,152,153 is fixed on the base 16.An other end of optical fiber is fixed on the accurate translation stage 18 of one dimension by bearing 154.The accurate translation stage 18 usefulness micromachines 17 of one dimension drive.
In this mechanical tuning device, base 16 and bearing 15 are by a kind of low-expansion material, and it can be stupalith or microcrystal glass material or low-expansion alloy material; Glue 14 can adopt ultra-violet curing glue, also can adopt the epoxy resin that has good stability, the stability with proof stress when tuning.
In this mechanical tuning device, micromachine can promote with the driver of microcomputerized control, to obtain controlled, the stable reflectance spectrum of hypotenuse fiber grating precision.
Adopt phase mask plate and aperture scan method, on the commercial healthy and free from worry SMF28 single-mode fiber of handling through high ballast hydrogen sensitization, writing the index modulation distribution form is leg-of-mutton fiber grating, has obtained reflectance spectrum as shown in Figure 5.Further optimal control program can obtain to have the spectrum of big hypotenuse.This sample is fixed on the controlled semi-girder of strain, has measured the transmission of this triangle grating and reflected signal, obtain relation as shown in Figure 6 with the variation of strain.Light signal by the ratio of transmission and reflected signal, can reflect the strain of semi-girder delicately after the circuit processing and amplifying, resolution is 1.5 microstrains.
Claims (7)
1, the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of a kind of bandwidth is characterized in that the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of this bandwidth is that an optical fiber (2) is installed on a mechanical tuning device, change section (1b) at the external diameter of this optical fiber (2) and go up and make a hypotenuse fiber grating (1a) and constitute.
2, the hypotenuse fiber grating that bandwidth according to claim 1 is adjustable, it is characterized in that will be described external diameter change the optical fiber (2) that is manufactured with hypotenuse fiber grating (1a) on the section (1b) and be installed in the guide rail (11) that the aperture is slightly larger than this optical fiber coating external diameter, this optical fiber (2) and guide rail (11) are fixed on bearing (151 with glue (14), 152,153,154) on, bearing (151,152,153) be fixed on the base (16), an other end of optical fiber (2) is fixed on the accurate translation stage of one dimension (18) by bearing (154), and the accurate translation stage of this one dimension (18) drives with micromachine (17).
3, the method for making of the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of bandwidth according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. the hypotenuse fiber grating is made: go up and adopt the Ultra-Violet Laser width of cloth according to writing the fine grating (1) of warbling that fiber core refractive index functional form triangular in shape becomes mark having the optical fiber of photosensitivity (2);
2. the external diameter to hypotenuse fiber grating (1a) corrodes: etching tank adopts corrosion resistant polythene material to make hierarchy, etching tank is made of inside groove (3) and water jacket (4), two dividing plates (5) have been settled in the inside groove (3), wherein upper spacer is dull and stereotyped, or fall infundibulate, reach the center of two dividing plates (5) up and down at inside groove (3), have the aperture of slightly larger in diameter in the optical fiber coating external diameter; Between the bottom of inside groove (3) and interior water jacket, fill with heavy oil (6), between the last lower clapboard (5) of inside groove (3), fill with corrosive liquid (7), on the upper spacer (5) of inside groove (3), inject light oil (8), corrosive liquid is the aqueous solution based on hydrofluorite, in corrosion process, earlier optical fiber (2) is passed three apertures, and be installed in the rotating shaft (10) of stepper motor, inject heavy oil (6) and light oil (8) then, use polyethylene pipe (9) to inject corrosive liquid (7) at last, it is filled in up and down between two dividing plates (5), behind the injection corrosive liquid, just begin to start stepper motor (10), make it upwards lift optical fiber by controlled speed; After finishing corrosion, take out optical fiber immediately, water and organic solvent clean;
3. mechanical tuning device is installed: will finish the 2. the step optical fiber (2) that is manufactured with hypotenuse fiber grating (1a) be installed in the guide rail (11) that the aperture is slightly larger than the optical fiber coating external diameter, this optical fiber (2) and guide rail (11) are fixed on the bearing (151,152,153,154) with glue (14), bearing (151,152,153) is fixed on the base (16), an other end of optical fiber (2) is fixed on the accurate translation stage of one dimension (18) by bearing (154), the accurate translation stage of this one dimension (18) links to each other with micromachine (17), forms driving relationship.
4, the method for making of the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of bandwidth according to claim 3 it is characterized in that the optical fiber after described optical fiber is for the high ballast hydrogen of process, or height is mixed the germanium light-sensitive optical fibre.
5, the method for making of the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of bandwidth according to claim 3 is characterized in that described hypotenuse fiber grating (1a) adopts change mark phase-plate method, scanning method or luminous source optical fiber to move method of perturbation and writes.
6, the method for making of the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of bandwidth according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described base (16) and bearing (151,152,153,154) by a kind of low-expansion material, this material is stupalith or microcrystal glass material or low-expansion alloy material.
7, the method for making of the adjustable hypotenuse fiber grating of bandwidth according to claim 3 is characterized in that described glue (14) is ultra-violet curing glue or the epoxy resin that has good stability.
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| CN 03128935 CN1200290C (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2003-05-30 | Bandwidth-adjustable bevel fiber grating and manufacturing method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03128935 CN1200290C (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2003-05-30 | Bandwidth-adjustable bevel fiber grating and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN1200290C true CN1200290C (en) | 2005-05-04 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI402550B (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2013-07-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Optical transceiver module |
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| US9584225B2 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2017-02-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Realizing coarse wavelength-division multiplexing using standard multimode optical fibers |
| CN105929475B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-08-03 | 宁波大学 | A kind of production method of concave grating |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI402550B (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2013-07-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Optical transceiver module |
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