CN1197719A - Hand planing machine - Google Patents
Hand planing machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1197719A CN1197719A CN 98107427 CN98107427A CN1197719A CN 1197719 A CN1197719 A CN 1197719A CN 98107427 CN98107427 CN 98107427 CN 98107427 A CN98107427 A CN 98107427A CN 1197719 A CN1197719 A CN 1197719A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- axle
- planing tool
- plane
- locking
- dig
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-AHCXROLUSA-N copper-60 Chemical compound [60Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-AHCXROLUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000080 chela (arthropods) Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009183 running Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
- B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
- B27G13/02—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools in the shape of long arbors, i.e. cylinder cutting blocks
- B27G13/04—Securing the cutters by mechanical clamping means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
- B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
- B27G13/005—Tools composed of two or more rotating discs
Abstract
For a portable planing machine having a plane housing, which in a rotatable manner accommodates a plane shaft provided with at least one longitudinal groove serving as a plane knife holder, at least one plane knife, particularly in the form of a 1.1 x 5.5 mini reversible blade having at least one cutting edge and a back groove for the engagement of a retaining rib provided in the longitudinal groove of the plane shaft for locking the radial position, being releasably clampable in each longitudinal groove, a faster and more precise tool change is made possible in that the plane knife and the plane shaft in the region of the longitudinal groove are provided with preferably centring, latch-over retaining elements, which lock the plane knife in its axial position relative to the plane shaft.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of planer, dig axle and planing tool.
Patent documentation EP 0 117 991 discloses a kind of planer with a plane axle of being made up of the shaping disk, is provided with a releasable centrifugal wedge and is used for locking planing tool in its pod.Therefore, tool changing is quite simple, but planing tool is with respect to the then suitable spended time of the accurate axial adjustment of digging axle, so when the time lacked, this adjusting can only be accurate inadequately.
In contrast, a planer of the present invention or dig axle or planing tool then has such advantage: just planing tool can be moved with respect to digging spool to be locked at rapidly and accurately on the identical all the time position preventing with simple method.
Have bit shaft to one of the retaining mechanism plane axle of forming by axial coarctate shaping disk by following be configured in the manufacturing simple especially, be to have only the shaped slightly of the retaining mechanism that a unique shaping disk constitutes on profile to have any different in many shaping disks, this retaining mechanism makes flexible projection.The shaping disk that this slightly changes is contained in to dig and also is used for locking planing tool on the certain axial location of axle separately.
Another advantage is, planing tool of the present invention is provided with retaining mechanism and is used for meshing the lock projection of digging axle one side, thereby can be locked at hand operated plane up to now easily or dig on the axle.Certainly, in these situations, the axial location retaining mechanism only just works when an axle side also is provided with corresponding opposed mechanism digging.
The present invention has some especially big advantages: the centrifugal wedge that is assembled in the plane axle in the shaping disk has the retaining mechanism of locking axial location and meshes planing tool, and this retaining mechanism is set to one according to the elasticity of centrifugal wedge and buckles into retaining mechanism.Like this, even planing tool also is fixed and special axial location of locking planing tool reliably when digging axle and stop and during quite little clamping force.Therefore avoided fully hand operated plane in transportation for example since collision make planing tool from a pod that digs spool unintentionally side direction withdraw from or the very little change of axial location, and with once screwdriver or even only be pressed onto with very little operating physical force on the projection of centrifugal wedge and can unclamp locked position with a ball pen.
Because planing tool is a kind of vulnerable part and needs often to change, thus at planing tool with respect to the locking of digging axle with the great value that accurately gained time in the position fixing process.This advantage is that the acting in conjunction by the retaining mechanism of retaining mechanism that digs axle and planing tool reaches.
In other words, no matter be to dig axle or planing tool all has inventive features, wherein, digging axle is an important spare part, and known up to now planing tool also can be fixed on this planes axle and upward do not need retaining mechanism.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are described.
Fig. 1 represents a side view of planer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 represents the corresponding stereogram that digs axle;
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 be illustrated in maximum radial inwardly or during the centrifugal wedge (middle shaping disk does not have retaining mechanism) of outwards skew Fig. 2 dig an enlarged side view of axle;
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 represent to dig the both end sides view of another embodiment of axle;
The corresponding plane axle construction with Fig. 6 of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 presentation graphs 5 has the enlarged drawing of the shaping disk of retaining mechanism;
Fig. 9 to Figure 12 represents to make the view of the planing tool of the present invention of small-sized indexable insert tip, throw away tip.
The planer of representing with side view among Fig. 1 10 is a kind of hand operated planes, and is made up of a casing 12 and a handle 16 that has motor casing 14.Handle 16 has an electric switch 18.
In casing 12, supporting one can be along the plane axle 20 of direction of rotation shown in the arrow 11 around its 19 rotations, and this plane axle is equipped with the planing tool 21 of two band cutting edges 22, in its front, constitutes locking slot 25 in the outline 23 shown in the dotted line of plane axle 20.When digging axle 20 rotations, its cutting edge of planing tool 21 usefulness 22 is determined to fly circle 24 shown in the dotted lines, and this circle stretches out end 26 that the bottom surface as planer 10 constitutes, and cutting edge 22 workpiece 27 that just can flush with the end 26 meshes and planes like this.For cutting edge 22 is passed, on the end 26, be provided with a hole 28, this hole can be closed with swing protective cover 30.When planer 10 when workpiece 27 lifts, swing protective cover 30 is closed automatically, so just can prevent the danger that 22 pairs of operation tables formations of rotating cutting edge injure.
Digging on axle 20 both sides, casing 14 porose 32,34, take off or pack into and dig axle and only need side direction to push and need not lock from digging axle 20 from side by these two holes as the planing tool 21 of the indexable insert tip, throw away tip that two cutting edges are housed, prepare because planing tool 21 performs operation by the centrifugal wedge wedging that describes below in conjunction with Fig. 2 when digging axle 10 runnings.
Plane axle 20 with circular outline 23 shown in Figure 2 is made of the shaping disk that the links up heap that the many shaping disks 36,136 that equate basically are stacked to, wherein the first seven the shaping disk that has only schematically drawn and be positioned at the direction of observation left side.These disks with a locking member 40 from two end axles to being locked at mutually on the central shaft 38, wherein locking member 40 for example can make locking nut and is locked on the central shaft 38.For weight reduction, shaping disk 36,136 can cut out corresponding two parts and constitute the cavity 42,44 that digs axle 20. Cavity 42,44 is used for meshing regulating shaft, may be adjusted to the relative position of shape disk 36 with these regulating shafts, but wherein also tiltable or extend twist of pod 46 straight lines.Cavity 42,44 also can be used to hold the spraying plastics of shaping disk 36 stacked usefulness.Shaping disk 136 will combine Fig. 7,8 below with the difference of shaping disk 36 and describe in detail.
Dig axle 20 and radially have two planing tools 21 on the respective side at two, the planing tool of the miniature indexable insert tip, throw away tip of carbide alloy that this conduct is thin is furnished with two cutting edges 22 and a back-trough 35.
Planing tool 21 is locked in the pod 46 that digs axle 20 between the left and right sides groove sidewall 45,47 in radially the straight trough scope.Pod 46 radially carries out the transition to a horizontal platform 50 from the outline 23s with right groove side 45 inwards by a vertical muscle 37 that is engaged on planing tool 21 back-troughs 35, and enters the straight line protuberance 51 at a right angle from this, as shown in Figure 3.Be expanded into the continuous cavity 52 of an arc at protuberance 51 back pods 46.The trend of the curved profile of this cavity is such, promptly digs the cavity 52 of axle and a thin zone between the outline 23 and constitutes a leaf spring 54, and this leaf spring is transited into a centrifugal wedge 56.
From figure, know and find out, pod 46 digs on the shaping disk 36 that is provided with on axle 20 ' outermost end on the direction of observation left side than narrow on all the other shaping disks, like this, planing tool 21 is just locked by pincer, and can not change or lose its axial location unintentionally when plane axle 20 stops.In order to unclamp this initial stress, for example available one in the cavity of centrifugal wedge 56 belows of the hexagonal axis of a screwdriver or cooperation insertion outermost shaping disk 36, and rotate to its released position thus, on this position, can from pod 46, skid off planing tool 21 automatically by digging axle 20 or just vertically holding up of planer 10.Only need with unshowned ball pen in the chromosome be pressed onto gently the operation protuberance 46 of centrifugal force voussoir 56 ', can unclamp the locking pressure of planing tool 21.
One of Fig. 3 and 4 expression are roughly at the center or axially outwards be positioned at outline that digs 36 1 schemes of shaping disk on the axle 20 or a side view that digs axle 20.
The difference of the centrifugal wedge in the centrifugal wedge 56 of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 and the prior figures is, be provided with one radially inner protruding 46 ', this projection is used for the rotating centrifugal wedge as the arm of force or the cutter field of conjugate action, thereby unclamps the planing tool initial stress.
Fig. 4 represents that available initial stress is locked at a planing tool the centrifugal wedge 56 of the outer shaping disk 36 in the pod 46 "; solid line is illustrated in its normal position, " when stopping the centrifugal wedge 56 of position shown in the dotted line is radially shifted onto downwards on the position of planing tool release at plane axle 20.
Fig. 5,6 expression the present invention dig the side view of axle 120 another embodiment, wherein, the setting that is engaged on the locking plush copper 160 in the hole 162 of cutter end 164 (Figure 11) of planing tool 21 of the shape of not only centrifugal wedge 156 but also centrifugal wedge 156 is all had any different with aforesaid embodiment.In addition, digging axle 120 has two palp eccentric screws 166 on two ends, can radially be pulled away from heart wedge 156 inwards by this screw is rotated about 90 ° around its longitudinal axis, thereby can realize especially simply changing of planing tool 21.
For weight reduction, eccentric screw 166 can constitute sizable axial hole 168, promptly as hollow tubular.
The shaping disk 136 that Fig. 7 represents to dig axle 120 has a locking plush copper 160 and is used for planing tool 21 axial lockings in centrifugal wedge 156, to prevent loosening or to move.
Fig. 8 represents to be equipped with the part enlarged drawing of shaping disk 136 scopes of a planing tool 21, can know on the left groove sidewall of finding out pod 146 from figure or the locating hole 162 of the planing tool end 164 of the shape of the locking plush copper 160 in the centrifugal wedge 156 and planing tool 21.
Fig. 9 to Figure 12 represents the layout of planing tool 21 of the present invention, i.e. the layout of the locking hole 162 on the planing tool medial end portions of planing tool 21, and wherein Fig. 9 represents to have the planing tool back 39 of back-trough 35.
Radially on each outer end of the planing tool 21 of two opposite sides a locking hole 162 is being set respectively with respect to the longitudinal axis, therefore, is digging the position of engagement that all can reach the locking plush copper 160 of digging axle 120 in the axle 121 no matter which cutting edge of two cutting edges is radially outward packed into.
Figure 10 represents the vertical view of the cutting edge 22 of planing tool 21, Figure 11 represents to have the view of the planing tool end 164 of the locking hole 162 that makes the rectangle grooving, Figure 12 represents the side view of planing tool 21, and can know back-trough 35, the cutting edge 22 of seeing planing tool back 39 and have locking hole 162 and cutter end 164.
When planing tool 21 insert to dig from sidepiece axle 20,20 ', 20 " pod 46 and centrifugal wedge 56,56 ', 56 " when radially inwardly rotating by Fig. 3,4, gap in the gathering sill 46 is very big, so can in fact only can move axially and insert planing tool 21 once striking gently easily with finger.The gap of at this moment locking between plush copper 60 and the cutter end 164 is quite little.Planing tool 21 is axial when mobile in pod 46, in case locking plush copper 60 reaches locking hole 162, the locking plush copper just buckles in the locking hole 162, so planing tool 21 just no longer may move without great strength in pod 46.
On this position, eccentric screw 166 can rotate to locked position from the released position, so centrifugal wedge 156 radially continues outside moving, and planing tool 21 is finally locked.So just that the axial location of planing tool 21 is accurately fixing.The size of the roughly rectangular locking slot 162 of planing tool 21 is determined by the locking plush copper 60 of digging on the axle side, so when locking plush copper 60 buckled in the locking slot 162, planing tool was locked on the gapless position with respect to digging axle 20.
The of the present invention corresponding planing tool 21 that has locking slot 162 also can be locked at the routine that is suitable for installing by the disclosed planing tool of prior art without a doubt and dig on the axle, and at this moment axial location can only save with hand adjustment certainly, and is quite coarse adjusting.
Claims (16)
1. be with the hand operated plane (10) of planer shell (12), this shell is equipped with a rotatable plane axle (20) that at least one pod of using as the planing tool chuck (46) is set, wherein, in pod (46) locking at least releasably each one the planing tool that makes 1.1 * 5.5 miniature indexable insert tip, throw away tips (21) that particularly has at least one cutting edge (22) and a back-trough (35), this back-trough (35) is used for meshing the locking muscle (37) in the pod (46) that digs axle (20) of a locking radial position, it is characterized in that, for with respect to an axial location that digs axle (20) locking planing tools (21), planing tool (21) has the locking of buckling in the scope of the corresponding pod (46) of its surface range corresponding with digging axle (20) and plane spool (20) and planing tool (21), Ding Xin retaining mechanism (160 preferably, 162).
2. by the hand operated plane of claim 1, it is characterized in that planing tool (21) is that 1.1 millimeters thick, 5.5 millimeters high and growing up cause and dig axle (a 20) width and equate and make with carbide alloy or high-effect high-speed steel.
3. by the hand operated plane of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, dig axle (20) and use the shaping disk (36,136) of punching press to form especially.
4. by the hand operated plane of claim 3, it is characterized in that dig axle (20) and have the centrifugal force voussoir (56) of going up the formation one at shaping disk (36,136), these voussoirs are used for locking the particularly planing tool under the working speed situation (21).
5. by the hand operated plane of claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that at least one the shaping disk in the shaping disk (36,136) has a projection (160) and is used for making the locking position of planing tool (21) in a hole (162).
6. by the hand operated plane of claim 5, it is characterized in that this projection makes locking plush copper (160), and the shaping disk (136) that has this locking plush copper is arranged on an end of digging spool (20).
7. by the hand operated plane of claim 1, it is characterized in that planing tool (21) has two locking slots (162) that make rectangular recess near its end with respect to planing tool (21) longitudinal axis diametrically contraposition both sides.
8. by the hand operated plane of claim 1, it is characterized in that, locking slot (162) and projection (160) have centering with intermeshing inclined plane, no gap, particularly work coning or the projection of truncated cone shape or analogous shape or groove.
9. press the plane axle of the hand operated plane of claim 1 preamble, it is characterized in that, for with respect to an axial location that digs axle (20) locking planing tools (21), planing tool (21) its with dig the corresponding planar range of axle (20) and dig the retaining mechanism (160,162) that preferably has the formula that buckles into of centering in the scope of axle (20) and the corresponding pod (46) of planing tool (21).
10. by the plane axle of claim 9, it is characterized in that, dig axle (20) and particularly form by the shaping disk (36,136) of punching press.
11., it is characterized in that by the plane axle of claim 10, dig axle (20) and be provided with pack into centrifugal voussoir (56) in the shaping disk (36,136) of elasticity, be used for locking the planing tool (21) under the working speed situation.
12. plane axle by claim 11, it is characterized in that, at least one shaping disk in the shaping disk (36,136) has a projection (160) and is used for buckling in the groove (162) that particularly is arranged on planing tool (21) planar side, and has the end that the shaping disk (136) that makes this projection (160) of locking plush copper is arranged on plane axle (20).
13., it is characterized in that projection (160) is arranged in the scope of centrifugal voussoir (56) of the shaping disk (136) corresponding with planing tool (21) by the plane axle of claim 12.
14. the planing tool by in claim 1 hand operated plane as described in the preamble is characterized in that planing tool (21) has two locking slots (162) that make rectangular recess near its end with respect to the mutual radially respective side of center longitudinal axis.
15. the planing tool by claim 14 is characterized in that locking slot (162) is arranged on the side of planing tool (21) cutter end.
16., it is characterized in that thick 1.1 millimeters of planing tool (21), high 5.5 millimeters and be about and equal to dig the width of axle (20) and make by the planing tool of claim 14 with carbide alloy or high speed steel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1997117702 DE19717702B4 (en) | 1997-04-26 | 1997-04-26 | Portable planer |
| DE19717702.6 | 1997-04-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1197719A true CN1197719A (en) | 1998-11-04 |
| CN1098757C CN1098757C (en) | 2003-01-15 |
Family
ID=7827852
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98107427A Expired - Fee Related CN1098757C (en) | 1997-04-26 | 1998-04-24 | Hand planing machine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10296705A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1098757C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19717702B4 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2324500B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1299057B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1111459C (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2003-06-18 | 罗伯特-博希股份公司 | Planer head |
| CN107530895A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2018-01-02 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Compact planer |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19835725B4 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2016-08-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | planer head |
| DE19835724B4 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2007-04-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | planer head |
| CH709488A1 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-15 | Oertli Werkzeuge Ag | Tool head and method for inserting and clamping a cutting board and cutting board. |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1571974A (en) * | 1978-03-21 | 1980-07-23 | Wadkin Ltd | Woodwork moulding machine |
| CH650431A5 (en) * | 1983-02-09 | 1985-07-31 | Samvaz Sa | CUTTING TOOL WITH REMOVABLE KNIVES. |
| EP0265622B1 (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1993-06-02 | Oertli Werkzeuge Ag | Cutter block |
| AT398403B (en) * | 1993-03-23 | 1994-12-27 | Boehler Ybbstalwerke | KNIFE ROLLER AND COMB KNIFE FOR KNIFE SHAFT CUTTER |
| DE29506458U1 (en) * | 1995-04-15 | 1995-07-06 | Leitz Geb Gmbh & Co | Knife head, in particular planer knife head |
| DE19536559A1 (en) * | 1995-10-02 | 1997-04-03 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Planing machine, in particular hand planing machine |
-
1997
- 1997-04-26 DE DE1997117702 patent/DE19717702B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-04-09 IT ITMI980760 patent/IT1299057B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-04-15 GB GB9807994A patent/GB2324500B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-24 CN CN98107427A patent/CN1098757C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-27 JP JP11744698A patent/JPH10296705A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1111459C (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2003-06-18 | 罗伯特-博希股份公司 | Planer head |
| CN107530895A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2018-01-02 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Compact planer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1098757C (en) | 2003-01-15 |
| DE19717702A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
| GB2324500A (en) | 1998-10-28 |
| DE19717702B4 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
| JPH10296705A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
| GB9807994D0 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
| GB2324500B (en) | 1999-08-25 |
| IT1299057B1 (en) | 2000-02-07 |
| ITMI980760A1 (en) | 1999-10-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20030115 Termination date: 20100424 |