CN1195457A - 用板式声学辐射元件制作的扬声器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种扬声器(81),包括外壳、在该外壳中的声辐射器(2)、把该辐射器安装在外壳中使之相对于外壳作活塞运动的柔顺悬置物(3)、及以活塞方式驱动辐射器用的换能器装置(9),所述扬声器的特征在于所述辐射器是板式分布模态声辐射器,在于具有完整地和唯一地安装在所述辐射器上以振动该辐射器使其共振的第一换能器,还在于具有改变外壳中的空气压力以使所述辐射器作活塞运动的装置(11)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及扬声器,尤其涉及包括板式声学辐射元件的扬声器。
背景技术
英国专利GB-A-2262861中提出了一种板式扬声器,这种扬声器包括:
共振多模态辐射器元件,这是由夹有横向蜂窝结构的间隔芯的二层蒙皮材料组成的一元夹层板,其中该夹层板在所有测定方位上的弯曲刚度(B)对于单位表面面积的板质量(μ)的立方的比值至少为10;
安装装置,该装置以自由的无阻尼的方式支承所述板件或将其安装到一支架上;以及
连接到所述板的电气-机械驱动装置,该装置用于响应在扬声器工作频带范围内的电气输入并在辐射器板中激励多模态共振。
发明的公开
本发明各实施例所使用的构件的本质特性、结构和配置可在与本发明同日的待审PCT专利申请No.(我方案号p.5711)的指导下全面和/或具体地获得。因此这种构件具有承受和传播输入振动能量的能力,这是通过在厚度方向的工作面中横向延伸至元件边缘部分的弯曲波来实现的,但弯曲波也不是非要延伸至元件边缘不可;以或不以弯曲刚度的各向异性来构造,以具有在所述工作区(诸工作区)上分布的有利于与周围空气进行声耦合的诸共振模态振动分量;以及具有在所述工作区内安放换能器装置的诸预定优先位置或场所,尤其在操作上具有对所述工作区(诸工作区)中的声振动活动有效的换能器主动或运动部件(诸主动或运动部件);及具有与这种振动活动的声学内容对应的通常是电信号的信号。在与本发明同日的待审国际申请No(我方案号p.5711)中展望了把这种构件用作或用于无换能器装置的声学设备中,诸如用于混响或用于声音滤波或用于使声音“传到”(voicing)一空间或场所;及用作或用于有换能器装置的“有源”声学设备,例如当收到需要被转换成声音的输入信号时,将其用于具有极宽频率范围的声源或扬声器中。
本发明特别涉及扩音器形式的有源声学设备。
在本文中把如上的构件称作分布模态声辐射器,并且准备使其具有上述PCT申请中的和/或本文专门提供的其他特征。
本发明提供一种扬声器,该扬声器包括外壳、在外壳中的声辐射器、把声辐射器安装在外壳中使之相对于外壳作有限活塞运动的柔顺悬置物、及以用于驱动辐射器用的换能器装置。所述扬声器的特征在于所述辐射器是板式分布模态声辐射器,在于具有完整地和唯一地安装在所述辐射器上以振动该辐射器使其共振的第一换能器,还在于具有用于改变外壳中的空气压力以使所述辐射器作活塞运动的装置。所述空气压力变化装置可包括一空气泵。该空气泵可包括辅助外壳、安装在该辅助外壳中的活塞式驱动器、以及连接各自外壳的内部使由活塞式驱动器的运动所产生的空气压力波动传送到所述外壳的装置。
可在所述外壳和/或在辅助外壳中配备声吸收装置,例如软填料。
所述分布模态声辐射器可包括具有夹在一对高模数轻质蒙皮之间的轻质蜂窝芯子的板件。
附图的简要说明
对本发明以举例的方式在附图中进行图示,其中:
图1是同时待审的我们的国际申请No…(我方案号P.5711)中所述的和所要求权利的分布模态扬声器的图;
图2a是沿图1线A-A的部分截面图;
图2b是图2a所示类型的分布模态辐射器的放大截面图,该图示出两种可能的结构;
图3是按照本发明所述的分布模态扩音器的实施例的图;
实现本发明的最佳方式
参照附图中的图1,该图表示同日进入的我们的待审国际申请(我方案号P.5711)中所述和所要求权利的那种板式扬声器81,扬声器81包括在内周边周围载有弹性悬置物3的矩形框架1,悬置物3支承分布模态声辐射板2。如与本发明同日进入的,我们的待审国际申请(我方案号P.56831415)中所详述的换能器9,在由尺寸x和y规定的预定位置处完整地和唯一地装在板2上或板2中,对该位置的计算如与本发明同日进入的我们的待审国际申请中(我方案号P.5711)所述,以便把弯曲波动投射到板中,使该板共振以辐射一声学输出。换能器9由用导线28连接到该换能器的信号放大器10,例如音频放大器,所驱动。
放大器的加载和功率要求可以是完全标称的,与常规的圆锥型扬声器相同,在室内加载条件下灵敏度约为86-88分贝/瓦。放大器负载的阻抗基本上是电阻性的,为6欧姆,功率转换能力为20-80瓦。当板芯和/或蒙皮用金属制造时,它们可以起到换能器散热器的作用以从换能器动圈除去热量,因此提高了功率转换能力。
图2a和2b是图1扬声器81的部分典型截面图。图2a表示框架1、围绕物3和板2用各自的粘合连接层20连接在一起。框架的合适材料包括轻质框,例如由挤压金属(如铝合金)或塑料制成的画框。合适的围绕物材料包括弹性材料,例如海绵橡胶和泡沫塑料。连接层20用的合适粘合剂包括环氧树脂、聚丙烯和氰基丙烯酸酯等粘合剂。
图2b以放大的尺寸示出板2是一具有芯子22的刚性轻质板,该芯子22由例如刚性泡沫塑料97(如交联的聚氯乙烯)或蜂窝状基体98(即用金属薄片、塑料或类似物质制成的蜂窝状基体)制成,各蜂房结构横向地伸展在板的平面上,并且由对置的蒙皮21(如纸、卡片纸、塑料、或金属薄片或金属薄板)封闭。在蒙皮用塑料制成的情况下,可以用已知的方式,如用碳、玻璃、Kevlbar(注册商标)或类似材料的纤维来强化蒙皮以增加其模数。
预期的蒙皮层材料和强化物因此包括各种捻法和织法的碳、玻璃、Kevlar(注册商标)、Nomex(注册商标),即芳香族聚酰胺等的纤维,此外还有纸、粘合纸层压板、蜜胺,及各种高模数的合成塑料薄膜如Mylar(注册商标)、Kaptan(注册商标)、聚碳酸酯、酚醛、聚酯或有关的塑料、及纤维强化塑料等,及金属薄板或薄片。对Vectra牌的诸液晶聚合物热塑塑料的考察表明,这些热塑料可用于超薄蒙皮或小尺寸(比方说直到约30厘米直径)超薄蒙皮或壳体的注塑成形。该材料本身在注射方向上形成一有向晶体结构,即形成一可从驱动点向板周边很好地传送高音能量的择优位向。
此外,使用这种或其他热塑材料允许使模具上带有如槽,环一类的定位特征,用于使如动圈,磁铁一类的换能部件精确定位。对于某些较软的芯体件材料,还要补充计算最好在多达换能器直径的150%的区域或环形区域中所需增加的蒙皮厚度,以强化该区域并有利于把振动能量耦合到板中。采取此措施能在使用较软的泡沫材料时改善高频响应。
预期的芯层材料包括用铝合金薄板或薄膜或用Kevlar(注册商标)、Nomex(注册商标)、普通纸或粘合纸、及各种合成塑料薄膜,以及充气塑料或泡沫塑料或者木浆原料。甚至各种航空胶凝金属制造的蜂窝或瓦楞结构,如果它们具有适当低的密度的话。某些合适的芯层材料在其制造过程中呈现可利用的蒙皮自生成现象和/或具有足够的固有刚度,因而可以直接使用而不作为蒙皮层之间的夹层。以商标名“Rohacell”而闻名的高性能蜂窝状芯子材料适合作辐射板,这种材料无需蒙皮。实际上,目的在于全面达到适合于一特定用途的轻度和刚度,具体来说,包括对芯层和蒙皮层以及其间过渡部分的优化。
板的若干优先组合方案采用金属和金属合金的蒙皮,或者作为另一选择采用碳纤维强化物。这二种材料,以及使用合金航空胶凝物质或金属蜂窝芯子的设计方案,都具有显著的射频屏蔽特性,这些特性在一些EMC(电磁兼容性)应用中应该说是重要的。常规的板式或圆锥式扬声器则不具有内在的EMC屏蔽能力。
此外,压电动态换能器的优选形式具有很小的电磁辐射或杂散磁场。常规的扬声器则具有大的磁场,除非采取专门的补偿对策,否则磁场最远可达1米。
在一应用中,如果保持屏蔽是重要的,则可与合适的DML板的导电部件进行电气连接或者把导电泡沫塑料或类似连接材料用于边的安装。
悬置物3可对板的各边起阻尼作用以防板产生过大的边沿运动。此外,或作为另一种选择,通过把例如一些补钉粘合到板的经过选择的位置上,可以施加进一步的阻尼以阻止过大的运动并使共振均匀分布在板上。补钉可以是如在常规扬声器外罩中常用的基于沥青的材料或者是弹性或刚性聚合物薄板材料。某些材料,特别是纸和卡片纸,和某些芯子可以是自阻尼的。在需要时,通过使用弹性凝固而不是刚性凝固的粘合剂,可以在板的结构方面增加阻尼。
有效的所述可选阻尼包括给包含其薄板材料在内的板件专门施加永久与其相连的装置。边和角对于本发明板的主要和低分散的低频振动模态特别重要。在边上安装阻尼装置有利于使所述薄板材料完全被框所框住,然而,比方说为了进行希望扩展到更低频率的操作,常常可使板的各个角相对自由。可以用粘合剂或自粘合材料来粘接。另一些形式的有用阻尼,特别就更细微效果和/或中频及更高频率而言,可以通过在所述区域的预定有效居中位置上把适当的质块或诸质块粘贴到薄板材料上而实现。
如上所述的声板是双向辐射的。来自后面的声能与来自前面的声能之间没有密切的相位关系。因此存在以下优点:在室的声音功率综合相加、声能的频率分布均匀、反射波和驻波效应减小、在声音记录的再现方面获得自然空间和环境的优良再现。
虽然声板的辐射主要是非方向性的,但是与相位有关的信息的百分比随离轴而增长。为了改善对仿真立体声图像的聚焦,把扬声器如图像一样安放在站立着的人员的通常高度上带来的好处是,对于正常坐着的收听者,适度离轴安放使立体效果最佳。同样,对收听者的三角形左/右几何关系提供又一角度分量。因此可得到良好的立体声。
与常规的扬声器再现相比,对于一群收听者说还有另一好处。声板声辐射的固有分散特性给板赋予的声音音量并不遵守等效点源的与距离平方成反比的定律。因为强度随距离的衰落比预期的平方反比定律小得多,所以对于不在中心和位置不佳的听众来说,板式扬声器的强度场与常规扬声器相比发挥了优良的立体声效果。这是因为位于中心之外的听众不受靠近较近扬声器的双重问题的影响:首先由较近的那个扬声器产生的音量过度增大,其次由较远的那个扬声器产生的音量相应减小。
扁平的轻质板式扬声器还具有如下优点:外观有吸引力、音质好、只需一个换能器、对来自每个板隔膜的全程声音没有交叠。
图3示出在扬声器81中混合活塞式和分布模态的共振行为的另一种方法。在该图中,图1和2所示类型的刚性分布模态声辐射器板2形成箱形外壳8的前壁,该外壳8具有诸边135和例如由中等密度的纤维板制成的后壁12,一起限定一腔体155。由声吸收材料制成的板51设在腔体155中。由声吸收材料制成的板51设于腔体中以阻尼驻波。用例如为了模拟常规活塞式圆锥扬声器的绕周边滚动(roll surround)的柔顺悬置物来把辐射器板2安装在外壳8上,辐射器板2载有与本发明同日进入的我们的待审国际申请No.(我方案号P.5683/4/5)所述类型的换能器9,该换能器9在与本发明同日进入的我们的待审国际申请No.(我方案号P.5711)所述的预定位置上完整地和唯一地安装在板2上以把弯曲波动投射到该板中。
外壳8的内腔155用一筒状管道90连接到低音泵11,即到包含活塞式低音扬声器驱动单元42的箱式外壳185的内部,因而把低音中的声频的空气压力波动施加到外壳8的内部155以使板2在其柔顺的悬置物7上作活塞式运动而产生低频声学输出。此外用换能器9共振以导致板辐射较高频率的声学输出。设置放大器1以把声音信号送到低音泵11和换能器9以驱动扬声器。
Claims (5)
1.一种扬声器,包括外壳、在所述外壳中的声辐射器、把所述声辐射器安装在所述外壳,中使之相对于所述外壳作活塞运动的柔顺悬置物、及以活塞方式驱动所述辐射器用的换能器装置,所述扬声器的特征在于所述辐射器是板式分布模态声辐射器,在于具有完整地和唯一地安装在所述辐射器上以振动所述辐射器使其共振的第一换能器,还在于具有改变所述外壳中的空气压力以使所述辐射器作活塞运动的装置。
2.按照权利要求1所述的扬声器,其特征在于,所述空气压力改变装置包括空气泵。
3.按照权利要求2所述的扬声器,其特征在于,所述空气泵包括辅助外壳、安装在所述辅助外壳中的活塞式驱动器、以及连接各自外壳的内部使由所述活塞式驱动器的运动所产生的空气压力波动传送到所述外壳的装置。
4.按照权利要求3所述的扬声器,其特征在于,所述扬声器在所述外壳和/或所述辅助外壳中具有声吸收装置。
5.按照以上任一权利要求所述的扬声器,其特征在于,所述分布模态声辐射器包括具有夹在一对高模数轻质蒙皮之间的轻质蜂窝芯子的板件。
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GBGB9517918.0A GB9517918D0 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1995-09-02 | Acoustic device |
GB9517918.0 | 1995-09-02 | ||
GBGB9522281.6A GB9522281D0 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1995-10-31 | Acoustic device |
GB9522281.6 | 1995-10-31 | ||
GB9606836.6 | 1996-03-30 | ||
GBGB9606836.6A GB9606836D0 (en) | 1996-03-30 | 1996-03-30 | Acoustic device |
PCT/GB1996/002166 WO1997009849A1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Loudspeakers with panel-form acoustic radiating elements |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1195457A true CN1195457A (zh) | 1998-10-07 |
Family
ID=34865252
Family Applications (1)
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CN96196702.1A Pending CN1195457A (zh) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | 用板式声学辐射元件制作的扬声器 |
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EP (1) | EP0847668B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH11512261A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1195457A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE179043T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU704299B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2230438A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69602100T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0847668T3 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA002097B1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2132954T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1008648A1 (zh) |
RO (1) | RO119048B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997009849A1 (zh) |
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CA2336072A1 (en) | 1998-06-22 | 1999-12-29 | Slab Technology Limited | Loudspeakers |
DE19955867A1 (de) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-06-21 | Harman Audio Electronic Sys | Flachlautsprecheranordnung für Tieftonwiedergabe |
US10158337B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10848118B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2020-11-24 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US8284955B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2012-10-09 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US11431312B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2022-08-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
ITMI20041972A1 (it) | 2004-10-18 | 2005-01-18 | Daniele Ramenzoni | Dispositivo elettroacustico, con risonatore a cavita', che fornisce caratteristiche tridimensionali estreme per controllare, concentrare e diffondere infrasuoni, suoni e ultrasuoni. |
US10848867B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-11-24 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US9615189B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-04-04 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Artificial ear apparatus and associated methods for generating a head related audio transfer function |
US10701505B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-06-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
US11202161B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2021-12-14 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
US10069471B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2018-09-04 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
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US9264004B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2016-02-16 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for narrow bandwidth digital signal processing |
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GB2517721A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-04 | Nokia Corp | Speaker apparatus |
US9906858B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2018-02-27 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US9615813B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | Device for wide-band auscultation |
US10820883B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2020-11-03 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Noise reduction assembly for auscultation of a body |
US10639000B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2020-05-05 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Device for wide-band auscultation |
US9564146B2 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2017-02-07 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing in deep diving environment |
US9638672B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2017-05-02 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for acquiring acoustic information from a resonating body |
US9906867B2 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2018-02-27 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Surface acoustic transducer |
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WO2020028833A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-06 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
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US3164221A (en) * | 1961-06-06 | 1965-01-05 | Rosen Alfred H | Low frequency loudspeaker system |
US3247925A (en) * | 1962-03-08 | 1966-04-26 | Lord Corp | Loudspeaker |
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WO1992003024A1 (en) * | 1990-08-04 | 1992-02-20 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Panel-form loudspeaker |
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-
1996
- 1996-09-02 AT AT96929407T patent/ATE179043T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 JP JP9510967A patent/JPH11512261A/ja active Pending
- 1996-09-02 WO PCT/GB1996/002166 patent/WO1997009849A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-09-02 DE DE69602100T patent/DE69602100T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-02 RO RO98-00647A patent/RO119048B1/ro unknown
- 1996-09-02 EA EA199800250A patent/EA002097B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 CN CN96196702.1A patent/CN1195457A/zh active Pending
- 1996-09-02 EP EP96929407A patent/EP0847668B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-02 CA CA002230438A patent/CA2230438A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-02 AU AU68822/96A patent/AU704299B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-09-02 ES ES96929407T patent/ES2132954T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-02 DK DK96929407T patent/DK0847668T3/da active
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1998
- 1998-07-28 HK HK98109453A patent/HK1008648A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA002097B1 (ru) | 2001-12-24 |
JPH11512261A (ja) | 1999-10-19 |
DE69602100D1 (de) | 1999-05-20 |
CA2230438A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
HK1008648A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
EA199800250A1 (ru) | 1998-10-29 |
EP0847668B1 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
EP0847668A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
DK0847668T3 (da) | 1999-10-25 |
WO1997009849A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
ATE179043T1 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
DE69602100T2 (de) | 1999-09-16 |
ES2132954T3 (es) | 1999-08-16 |
AU704299B2 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
RO119048B1 (ro) | 2004-02-27 |
AU6882296A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
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