CN1194135C - Jungang leather as one superfine synthetic leather and its making process - Google Patents

Jungang leather as one superfine synthetic leather and its making process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1194135C
CN1194135C CN 00107308 CN00107308A CN1194135C CN 1194135 C CN1194135 C CN 1194135C CN 00107308 CN00107308 CN 00107308 CN 00107308 A CN00107308 A CN 00107308A CN 1194135 C CN1194135 C CN 1194135C
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China
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leather
superfine fiber
processing method
fiber chemical
chemical leather
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CN 00107308
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CN1322877A (en
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王宏升
牛建民
赖军
任隆寿
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YANTAI WANHUA SUPER-FIBRE Co Ltd
Quartermaster Research Institute of General Logistics Department of CPLA
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YANTAI WANHUA SUPER-FIBRE Co Ltd
Quartermaster Research Institute of General Logistics Department of CPLA
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Abstract

The present invention relates to superfine fiber synthetic leather, particularly to Jungang leather and a processing method thereof. Polyamide and polyethylene are spun, drafted, meshed, thrust by a needle, impregnated in a polyvinyl alcohol solution, baked, peeled, soaked, coated with slurry, coagulated, washed by water, dried, sliced, tanned, dedusted, etc. to form a base cloth. Release paper is coated on a surface layer, baked, coated with adhesive and then compounded with the base cloth for enhancing irradiation, and a finished product of leather is obtained after the release paper is peeled. The moisture absorption, the gas permeability, the appearance, the hand feeling, the wear comfort, etc. of the product has the effects of natural leather, and the internal microstructure and various physical indexes are all near to or better than that of natural leather.

Description

A kind of superfine fiber chemical leather and processing method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of superfine fiber chemical leather and processing method thereof.
Background technology
Since artificial leather is born, experienced development from profiling to the emulation different phase, its profiling stage mainstream product is made " pvc " artificial leather, " pu " artificial leather etc. with materials such as Corvic, polyurethane.Its outward appearance of these artificial leathers and feel all have stronger leather sense, and shortcoming is to have gas permeability and hygroscopicity hardly, and tearing strength is low, use easy hardening 20 ℃ of following conditions, the extreme difference of anti-the tortuosity, and processing can not be cut etc. by sheet.But this artificial leather production technology is simple, cost is low, and the occasion not too high in some demands still has extensive use, does not wane so produce so far.The typical products of simulation stage is with nonwoven fabric and polyurethane production " PU " synthetic leather.This artificial leather has the structure of similar natural leather and tearing strength and certain breathable moisture permeability preferably, can cut as natural leather one print in process.Shortcoming is that sense comfortable and easy to wear is still good not as natural leather.Along with the development of composite fibre technology, the technical research of artificial leather has entered high simulation stage, promptly is the developmental research of the PU synthetic leather of base material with the bundle superfine fibre.No matter to be its internal microstructure or various physical property all more approaching even surpass natural leather for this synthetic leather, is five-star product in the present artificial leather field.What at present, this research was in rank first is Kuraray company, Dong Li company, the Supreme Being people company of Japan.Kuraray company and Supreme Being people company adopt solvent segregation to form the following superfine superfine fibre bundle of 0.01 DENIER (denier), and shortcoming is that input-output ratio is low.What Dong Li company adopted is mechanical split plot design, and advantage is the input-output ratio height, but owing to limited by mechanical processing difficulty, can only produce the superfine fibre of the above fineness of 0.1 DENIER.The research of beatting up U.S. man and Taiwan, Korea S's this respect is more backward, and mostly the process route that they adopt is that with polyester be " island ", and nylon is " sea ", adopts the molten partition method of alkali to form the polyester bundle superfine fibre, and therefore, the hygroscopicity and the comfort property of product are relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is with polyamide and polyurethane is base material, make the bundle superfine fibre synthetic leather, the hygroscopicity of product and gas permeability, outward appearance and feel and dress and comfort etc. all have the effect of natural leather, no matter be internal microstructure and every physical index such as peeling force, low-temperature bending fatigue, high temperature resistant, bursting power, to tear load, hydrolytic resistance etc. all more approaching or surpass natural leather, and make processing technology easy to implement, can carry out sheet as natural leather in the processing and cut, reduce production costs.
Main points of the present invention be with polyamide and polyethylene through spinning, drawing-off, make islands-in-sea bicomponent fibre, again with it lapping, nonwoven fabric is made in acupuncture; Dipping, coating slurry, mildew-resistant are handled behind the oven dry of nonwoven fabric impregnation polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the mill skin, through solidifying, wash, reclaim simultaneously dimethyl formamide, extract polyethylene component with toluene, drying, split, rub that skin is handled, dedusting, form the nonwoven fabric fabricbase of superfine fibre; Dry after utilizing release liners to be coated with surface layer, coating adhesive combines itself and base cloth again, carries out irradiation and strengthens, and at last release liners is peeled off, and promptly gets superfine fiber chemical leather of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Process chart of the present invention is seen Figure of description.
The present invention is achieved in that the base cloth production process is that polyamide and polyethylene are made through melt spinning The composite fibre of island structure. Polyamide and polyethylene are loaded on respectively in separately the basin, and by being loaded under the tank The particle feeding machine polyamide and polyethylene are sent into extruder in 1: 1 ratio; Be equipped with one in the particle feeding machine Root does not wait dark screw rod, and the via nitride processing, to increase its hardness and anti-wear performance; Polyamide and polyethylene Feeding coal be 50~70KG/ hour; Extruder divides six sections thermals treatment zone, temperature respectively by 200 of import~230 ℃ of piecemeal heating are raised to 270~300 ℃ when exporting; In the extruder, polyamide and polyethylene are equal again The even material that is mixed into the one melting is delivered to the spinning head spinning by extruder; Spinning head has 500~1100 Hole, aperture are 0.2mm; The silk of ejection enters cooling and shaping in the spinning tube, cold wind from 3 pipes with tangent line side To being blown into, cold wind is first through distribution rings, again through 10 order wire nettings, and 28~38 ℃ of cold wind temperature, wind pressure value 500Pa, The silk that comes out from the spinning tube winds for subsequent use with the silk tube.
Twist in the silk on the bobbins, be placed on the creel, about 160 are combined, and enter drafting machine, lead Entering linear velocity is 11~15m/min; Enter then the drawing-off heater, Cycling hot-blast heating in the drawing-off heater, Temperature is 180~200 ℃; After going out heater, continuing again drawing-off by drafting machine, linear velocity is 55~65m/min; Enter then oily fluid bowl and do the immersion oil processing, the oily molten content in the oily fluid bowl is 2.58%, oil applying rate Be 0.76%; Behind the fuel-displaced fluid bowl, by the molten drafting machine traction of oil, linear velocity is 55~65m/min; Through opening Power roller, crimping machine, guider, enter cylinder drying machine drying; The cylinder drying machine is made up of 4 cylinder rollers and adds Hot system, two roll temperatures in front are 60 ℃, latter two is normal temperature; Dried silk moisture content is 1.5~2.5%, silk is dry to cut off by cutting machine, and shearing length is 40~60mm, and delivers to down with air delivery pipe One operation.
The silk that a upper operation wind is sent here cuts off, and sends into the cotton chamber of storage, batch (-type) feed after programmetry, and Transfer out the web layer by omnidirectional web machine; Four to eight layers of web are superimposed together, send into needing machine acupuncture; The needling density of needing machine is 200~400 pins/cm2, acupuncture speed is 300~400 times/min, acupuncture is dark Degree is 9~16mm, makes the nonwoven grey cloth through after the acupuncture, is rolled into for subsequent processing and uses.
Go into polyvinyl alcohol after nonwoven fabric unreels and contain immersion trough, contact with polyvinyl alcohol water solution, through motion repeatedly up and down, fully absorb polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the liquid holdup that makes nonwoven fabric is 20~30%, the dipping tank temperature is controlled in 45~55 ℃ of scopes, and polyvinyl alcohol content about 3~4.5% will add a small amount of borax to increase its viscosity in the polyvinyl alcohol water solution; The nonwoven fabric base that has soaked polyvinyl alcohol enters the baking oven inner drying of band tentering, and heating is plated behind the outlet; Nonwoven surface behind impregnation polyvinyl alcohol and the heat drying is very coarse, needs to handle through flour milling, and the back side makes a call to twice with the 120# abrasive band, and 120#, 180#, 240# belt sanding 3 times are used in the front respectively, and polishing back dedusting is rolled into volume.
Nonwoven fabric after the dedusting in the last operation is sent in the impregnator of 10 pairs of compression rollers compositions, carried out impregnation process with polyurethane impregnated liquid.The polyurethane fluid viscosity is less than 700PaS; Carrying out mildew-resistant then handles, because mould can be with poly-ammonia amine as food, and thereby its decomposition is quickened the hydrolysis rate of polychlorostyrene amine, so it is link important in the whole process that mildew-resistant is handled, the mould inhibitor main component is the zeolite that contains zinc ion, and the base cloth volume is opened, and is incorporated in the mould inhibitor solution tank, through extruding, drying, send into coagulating basin and solidify; Solidify finish after, go into rinsing bowl washing owing to will wash out polyvinyl alcohol, it is high that washing temperature is wanted, and is generally 92~97 ℃, 7~20 minutes washing time, pushes 6~10 times; After polyvinyl alcohol and residual dimethyl formamide in the base cloth removed in hot wash, it is imported extract groove out, with toluene polyethylene component in the base cloth is dissolved; Being by the 3 D cross-linked one-tenth of a branch of bundle polyamide fiber space network structure through the base cloth microstructure after extracting out like this, is to be filled by microvoid polyurethane in the gap of centre.Water will exist the toluene among the base cloth to cement out again; Drying, split, rub skin and handle, rubbing the skin processing is with the mechanical force of rubbing the skin machine molecule big on the synthetic fiber strand to be interrupted, keep molecular weight in approximate scope, rub 3~5 minutes skin time, intensity 6~12Mpa is through rubbing the synthetic leather that skin is handled, good hand feeling, softness, flexible, exactly like corium; Finish the processing of base cloth again through treatment process such as dedustings.
Moving film, to make face be with a release liners medium very thin film to be transferred to above the base cloth, and then form outward appearance more as the effect of natural leather.Program is that release liners is unreeled, and has graining simultaneously to spray pre-configured polyurethane solutions in release liners, generally sprays twice, advances drying baker, treat half-dried after the adhesive that configures of spray again; Drying, compound then base cloth layer.Be followed successively by release liners, surface film layer, adhesive phase and base cloth layer this moment from top to bottom.At last release liners is peeled away, formed the bundle superfine fibre synthetic leather.
Above-mentioned adhesive formula is the volume ratio, EU SA-265:100 part; Butanone: 10~20 parts; Dimethyl formamide: 5~10 parts; Urotropinum M:2~5 part; Iundustrial oil: 1~3 part.
Irradiation strengthens.The physical property that irradiation increases synthetic leather is to adopt gamma-rays, and ultraviolet microwave etc. shine moving the synthetic leather of film after compound.Irradiation frequency 1000~5000MHa, exposure time 5~30 minutes.Content by the oxy radical on the polyurethane molecular chain behind the irradiation is controlled, thereby reaches the purpose that strengthens its physical performance index.Irradiation can carry out from bottom to top, also can carry out from the top down, and irradiation can move with base cloth, also can transfixion, and irradiation bomb can be an emission, also can be line emission or surface launching or the like.
Advantage of the present invention is that hygroscopicity and gas permeability, outward appearance and the feel and the sense comfortable and easy to wear etc. of product all have the effect of natural leather, no matter is that internal microstructure and every physical index etc. are all more approaching or surpass natural leather.Compare with Japanese like product, peeling force is its 1.5 times ,-20 ℃ of its high two-stages of low-temperature bending endurance ratio, bursting power exceed it 1/4 times, tearing load is its 1.6 times, high temperature resistant 180 ℃ 20 minutes, Japan's leather is 140 ℃ of pellicle fusions in 20 minutes, and hydrolytic resistance is its 1 times or the like.And processing technology is easy to implement, can carry out sheet as natural leather in the processing and cut, and be a kind of desirable natural leather substitute.
Embodiment:
1. spinning: polyamide and polyethylene are sent into extruder by particle feeding machine separately in 1: 1 ratio respectively, and 220 ℃ of inlet temperatures are divided six sections heating piecemeal, rise 285 ℃ of mouthful temperature; Spinning head has 1000 holes, and the aperture is 0.2mm; The silk of ejection enters cooling and shaping in the spinning tube, and cold wind is blown into tangential direction from 3 pipes, and cold wind is through distribution rings, 10 order wire nettings, 33 ℃ of temperature, wind pressure value 500Pa;
2. drawing-off: will twist in the silk on the bobbins, about 160 lump together, and enter drawing machine, and leading into linear velocity is 12m/min; Go into the drawing-off heater then, 190 ℃ of temperature; After going out heater, continue drawing-off by drawing machine, linear velocity is 61m/min; Go into oily fluid bowl then, oily molten content 2.58%, the rate of oiling is 0.76%; Behind the fuel-displaced fluid bowl, by the molten hauling machine traction of oil, linear velocity is 61m/min;
3. lapping: form heating system by 4 cylinder rollers on the cylinder drying machine, two roll temperatures in front are 60 ℃, and latter two is a normal temperature.Dried silk moisture content is 2%, cuts off through cutting machine, and shearing length is 51mm;
4. acupuncture: will go up the silk that an operation wind sends here and cut off, send into the cotton chamber of storage, batch (-type) feed after programmetry, and transfer out the web layer by omnidirectional web machine.Four layers of web are superimposed together, and send into needing machine acupuncture, and the needling density of needing machine is 200 pins/cm 2, acupuncture speed is 350 times/min, depth of needling is 14mm;
5. impregnation: go into polyvinyl alcohol after nonwoven fabric unreeled and contain immersion trough, will add a small amount of borax in the polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the liquid holdup 25% of nonwoven fabric, 50 ℃ of dipping tank temperature, polyvinyl alcohol content 3.8%;
6. mill skin: above-mentioned nonwoven fabric is carried out flour milling handle, the back side makes a call to twice with the 120# abrasive band, and 120#, 180#, 240# belt sanding 3 times are used in the front respectively;
7. flood: above-mentioned nonwoven fabric is sent in the impregnator, and the polyurethane fluid viscosity is less than 700PaS;
8. mildew-resistant is handled: the mould inhibitor main component is the zeolite that contains zinc ion.The base cloth volume is opened, be incorporated in the mould inhibitor solution tank,, send into coagulating basin and solidify through extruding, drying;
9. washing: 93 ℃ of temperature, 15 minutes washing time, push 8 times;
10. extract out, replace: polyethylene component in the base cloth is dissolved with toluene.Water will exist the toluene among the base cloth to cement out, and drying, split, rub skin, rub 5 minutes skin time, intensity 10Mpa;
Make face 11. move film: with a release liners medium very thin film is transferred to above the base cloth, release liners is unreeled, simultaneously spray the secondary polyurethane solutions by graining in release liners;
12. adhesive formula: EU SA-265:100 part, butanone: 10 parts, dimethyl formamide: 5 parts, Urotropinum M:2 part, iundustrial oil: 1 part;
13. irradiation strengthens: adopt gamma-rays, the microwave of 2450MHz, the power output of 200W, the line emission, irradiation synthetic leather from top to bottom, the emission source transfixion, synthetic leather is slowly sent into irradiation devices to the shape that tiles, and goes out irradiation devices after 10 minutes.Finish to leave standstill after 24 hours and survey physical performance index, through contrasting the not blank contrast sample of irradiation, the peel strength of film increases by 50%, and tearing strength increases by 30%, and the folding rate increases by 20%.

Claims (9)

1. a superfine fiber chemical leather is characterized in that, this synthetic leather is made up of top layer film, adhesive phase and base cloth layer;
Said adhesive formula is the volume ratio, EU SA-265,100 parts, butanone 10-20 part, dimethyl formamide 5-10 part, Urotropinum M, 2-5 part, iundustrial oil 1-3 part;
Said base cloth layer microstructure is by the 3 D cross-linked one-tenth of a branch of bundle polyamide fiber space network structure, is to be filled by microvoid polyurethane in the gap of centre.
2. a processing method of making the superfine fiber chemical leather of claim 1 is characterized in that, polyamide and polyethylene through spinning, drawing-off, are made islands-in-sea bicomponent fibre, and again with it lapping, nonwoven fabric is made in acupuncture; Send into dipping in the polyurethane solutions, coating slurry, mildew-resistant processing behind the oven dry of nonwoven fabric impregnation polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the mill skin, through solidifying, wash, reclaim simultaneously dimethyl formamide, extract polyethylene component with toluene, drying, split, rub that skin is handled, dedusting, form the nonwoven fabric fabricbase of superfine fibre; Make face through moving film, with release liners spraying polyurethane solution, dry after formation is coated with surface layer, coating adhesive combines itself and fabricbase again, carries out irradiation and strengthens, and at last release liners is peeled off, and promptly gets superfine fiber chemical leather.
3. the processing method of superfine fiber chemical leather according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, said spinning process is that polyamide and polyethylene are sent into extruder by particle feeding machine separately in 1: 1 ratio respectively, polyamide and poly feeding coal are 50-70KG/ hour, extruder divides six sections thermals treatment zone, temperature heats piecemeal by 200-230 ℃ of import respectively, be raised to 270-300 ℃ when exporting, polyamide and polyethylene are uniformly mixed into to the material of one fusion and deliver to the spinning head spinning by extruder, spinning head has 500-1100 hole, the aperture is 0.2mm, and the silk of ejection enters cooling and shaping in the spinning tube, and cold wind is blown into tangential direction from 3 pipes, cold wind is earlier through distribution rings, again through 10 order wire nettings, 28-38 ℃ of cold wind temperature, wind pressure value is 500Pa.
4. the processing method of superfine fiber chemical leather according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, said drawing-off is the silk that will twist on the bobbins, be placed on the creel, about 160 lump together, enter drawing machine, leading into linear velocity is 11-15m/min, go into the drawing-off heater then, with the hot air circulation heating, temperature is 180-200 ℃ in the drawing-off heater; After going out heater, continue drawing-off again by drawing machine, linear velocity is 55-65m/min; Go into oily fluid bowl then and do the immersion oil processing, the oily molten content in the oily fluid bowl is 2.58%, and the rate of oiling is 0.76%; Behind the fuel-displaced fluid bowl, by the molten hauling machine traction of oil, linear velocity is 55-65m/min.
5. the processing method of superfine fiber chemical leather according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, said impregnation is to go into polyvinyl alcohol after nonwoven fabric is unreeled to contain immersion trough, add a small amount of borax in the polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the liquid holdup of nonwoven fabric is at 20-30%, 45-55 ℃ of dipping tank temperature, and polyvinyl alcohol content is at 3-4.5%, then above-mentioned nonwoven fabric is sent in the impregnator, carried out impregnation process less than the maceration extract of 700Pa.S with the polyurethane fluid viscosity.
6. the processing method of superfine fiber chemical leather according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said washing temperature is 92-97 ℃, washes time 7-20 minute, pushes 6-10 time.
7. the processing method of superfine fiber chemical leather according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said to rub that skin handles be to rub 3-5 minute skin time, intensity 6-12Mpa.
8. the processing method of superfine fiber chemical leather according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, saidly move film to make face be with a release liners medium one very thin film to be transferred to above the base cloth, release liners is unreeled, have graining simultaneously to spray the secondary polyurethane solutions in release liners.
9. the processing method of superfine fiber chemical leather according to claim 2, it is characterized in that it is to adopt gamma-rays that said irradiation strengthens, ultraviolet microwave shines moving the synthetic leather of film after compound, irradiation frequency 1000-5000MHa, exposure time 5-30 minute, irradiation can carry out from bottom to top, also can carry out from the top down, irradiation can move with base cloth, also can transfixion, radiation source can be an emission, also can be line emission or surface launching.
CN 00107308 2000-05-10 2000-05-10 Jungang leather as one superfine synthetic leather and its making process Expired - Fee Related CN1194135C (en)

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