CN1192237C - Circuit for detecting level or level variation of input direct voltage - Google Patents
Circuit for detecting level or level variation of input direct voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN1192237C CN1192237C CNB971903689A CN97190368A CN1192237C CN 1192237 C CN1192237 C CN 1192237C CN B971903689 A CNB971903689 A CN B971903689A CN 97190368 A CN97190368 A CN 97190368A CN 1192237 C CN1192237 C CN 1192237C
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Abstract
A circuit for detecting a level of an input direct voltage comprises a comparator for comparing the input direct voltage with a reference signal, which by means of an integrator is derived from pulses whose charge quantity is variable in dependence on a comparator direct voltage. The reference signal has a DC component and an AC component. The comparator supplies comparator pulses of a given pulse duration when the DC component of the reference voltage is substantially equal to the input direct voltage. The level of the input direct voltage is determined from the charge quantity of the pulses and from the pulse duration of the comparator pulses.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of be used to the detect level of an input direct voltage or the circuit that level changes, comprise: an input end, this input end is provided for and receives described input direct voltage, a comparer, this comparer has a first input end, one second input end and an output terminal, wherein first input end is connected with input end, second input end is set for and receives a reference signal, on output terminal, can obtain a comparison signal, a control information generation device, this control information generation device is provided for the corresponding control information of comparison signal that produces with comparer, a controllable pulse generator, be used to produce pulse, this pulse obtains on an output terminal of controllable pulse generator, and this pulse changes by means of corresponding with comparison signal and control information offered this pulse producer by the control information generation device the charge volume according to them, an integrator, this integrator has an input end that is connected with the output terminal of pulse producer and an output terminal that is connected with second input end of comparer, so that by means of reference signal of pulse shaping of pulse producer, this reference signal has a corresponding DC component of instantaneous charge volume and the AC compounent that is superimposed upon on this DC component with the pulse of pulse producer.
The circuit that limits type in the beginning paragraph for example is known in EP0381217A2.In this known circuit, only basis detects the level and the level variation of an input direct voltage from the value of the charge volume of the next pulse of pulse producer, this input direct voltage can change, utilize the duration of these pulses to determine charge volume, consequently: in a given range of level to be detected or level variation, can obtain a lower resolution, so that can compare coarse detection to level or level variation.Therefore, during round-robin operating cycle successively, the operation that the pulse producer in known circuits can not be continuous but operation discontinuously, it reciprocally was spaced at interval by the quiescent interval, it may produce and not wish transient effect when the beginning in each operating cycle.In addition, it should be noted: in known circuit, be recharged circularly subsequently successively according to capacitor in integrator of pulse of pulse producer and fully discharged basically, so that the residual charge of staying in this capacitor after discharge has adverse influence.
An object of the present invention is to eliminate above-mentioned problem and utilize the simplest possible method to improve a circuit that in the beginning paragraph, limits type.Another object of the present invention is to utilize the improved circuit of circuit to beginning paragraph qualification type to guarantee very sensitive detection is carried out in the level or the level variation of input direct voltage.In order to realize these purposes, according to the present invention, a kind of feature that limits the circuit of type in the beginning paragraph is: integrator is configured to define a reference signal, the frequency of AC compounent is corresponding with the frequency of the pulse of pulse producer in this reference signal, comparer has the output terminal that is connected with a pick-up unit and is used to detect the existence of a comparer DC voltage and the existence of comparer pulse, utilize this pick-up unit to control this control information generation device by this way: promptly when detecting a comparer DC voltage and exist, generation is used for the control information of pulse producer, be used to change the charge volume of the pulse of pulse producer, and after detecting comparer pulse appearance, stop producing the control information that is used for pulse producer, comparer also comprises the output terminal that is connected with a time measurement device, by means of this time measurement device, after the termination generation is used for the control information of pulse producer, acquisition is about comparer pulse or the temporal information of the duration in comparer recurrent interval, and be provided with a logic circuit apparatus, after the termination generation is used for the control information of pulse producer, by means of about the characteristic information of the charge volume of the pulse of pulse producer with by means of about comparer pulse or the temporal information of the duration in comparer recurrent interval, a level or a level that this logic circuit apparatus detects input direct voltage change, wherein this logic circuit apparatus is used to receive described characteristic information, and wherein said temporal information can be provided for described logic circuit apparatus.In a circuit according to the present invention, based on changing about the characteristic information of the charge volume of the pulse of pulse producer with based on a level or a level of detecting an input direct voltage that can change about comparer pulse or the temporal information of the duration in comparer recurrent interval, so that because processing time information additionally, so in a given range of level to be detected or level variation, can obtain a reasonable resolution, so that can compare and detect accurately level or level variation.Therefore, it should be noted: in a circuit according to the invention, pulse producer is continuous operation and not be not interrupted and pulse is provided continuously, so that can be produced by the transient effect that repeats the hope that the conducting transient process causes circularly.In addition, it should be noted: form reference signal in order to utilize integrator, one does not need a capacitor that is recharged circularly and is fully discharged basically subsequently successively in a circuit according to the invention, this circuit have can produce by charge fully and discharge cause the advantage of advantageous effects.
In a circuit according to the present invention, if integrator forms a reference signal, the AC compounent of this reference signal is a sawtooth signal on the DC component that is superimposed upon this reference signal, this circuit has been proved to be favourable so, utilize this method can be implemented between duration in duration of comparer pulse or comparer recurrent interval and have a linear relationship, it is favourable to the simple process about the comparer pulse or the temporal information in comparer recurrent interval in the level that detects an input direct voltage or level change.
If utilize a unique counting assembly to constitute pick-up unit and time measurement device, this circuit also has been proved to be favourable so.It is favourable for a simple mechanism if particularly utilize a microprocessor to constitute this device
If utilize a microprocessor to constitute pick-up unit, control information generation device, pulse producer, time measurement device and logic circuit apparatus, this circuit has been proved to be particularly advantageous so in this respect.It has caused simple and cheap especially embodiment.
For one in a circuit according to the invention, if this circuit has constituted the partial circuit that is used for circuit arrangement that at least one rechargeable battery is charged, and during a charging process, the level or the level that detect the charging voltage that occurs in this circuit arrangement on battery change, and this circuit has been proved to be very favorable so.In so a kind of structure, because it can make very little charging voltage variation detected, so identity basis circuit of the present invention is particularly advantageous.
If a level in the level of circuit arrangement detection in charging voltage that is used for charging descends, so in this respect for being proved to be particularly advantageous in a circuit according to the invention.Therefore, can eliminate undesirable overcharging of rechargeable battery in a circuit according to the invention for one, as known to, this overcharges charging voltage produce to be descended, and utilizes and can very accurately detect overcharging of rechargeable battery in a circuit according to the invention.
Above-mentioned and other aspect of the present invention will become more obvious from the example embodiment that describes below and explain the present invention by means of these embodiment.
Below by describing the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in detail, these accompanying drawings show three example embodiment, but the invention is not restricted to these example embodiment.
Fig. 1 shows a circuit block diagram according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and wherein basic circuit component is realized by a microprocessor.
Fig. 2 shows on the output terminal of a pulse producer in the circuit of Fig. 1, first signal waveforms of signal on the output terminal of an integrator and on the output terminal of a comparer.
Fig. 3 shows on the output terminal of a pulse producer in the circuit of Fig. 1, the secondary signal oscillogram of signal on the output terminal of an integrator and on the output terminal of a comparer.
Fig. 4 shows on the output terminal of a pulse producer in the circuit of Fig. 1, the 3rd signal waveforms of signal on the output terminal of an integrator and on the output terminal of a comparer.
Fig. 5 shows similar a part of circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention with Fig. 1, wherein utilizes a counting assembly to constitute a pick-up unit and a time measurement device.
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram of a program of carrying out in counting assembly shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a block scheme, and this block scheme shows one and is used for circuit arrangement that a rechargeable battery is charged, and a circuit according to the present invention has constituted a part of circuit of this circuit arrangement.
Fig. 8 represents a charging voltage on the battery that is charged by the circuit arrangement according to Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 represents that a circuit by Fig. 7 offers the charging current of a battery.
Fig. 1 shows a circuit 1, and this circuit 1 is used to detect a level or the input direct voltage U that can change
X Level change.Circuit 1 has an input end 2, input direct voltage U
XCan offer this input end 2.Input end 2 is connected with a first input end 3 of comparer 4, and this first input end 3 is used to receive input direct voltage U
XComparer 4 also has one second input end 5, and this second input end 5 is used to receive reference signal U
R, this reference signal U
RTo be described in the back.Comparer 4 is used for input direct voltage U
XValue and reference signal U
RCompare, and comparer 4 has an output terminal 6, comparer 4 provides a comparison signal U on this output terminal 6
C, this comparison signal U
CDepend on input direct voltage U
XValue and reference signal U
RValue.As describing in the back, comparison signal U in the present circumstance
CPromptly can be by the comparer DC voltage U of two varying levels
CDIn voltage constitute, also can be by comparer pulse U
CIConstitute.
A time measurement device 8 has an input end 7 that is connected with the output terminal 6 of comparer 4, so that the comparison signal U that is provided by comparer 4
COffer time measurement device 8.By means of time measurement device 8 can produce one with the comparison signal U that offers it
CDuration time information corresponding ZI.An output terminal 9 of time measurement device 8 is connected with the first input end 10 of a logic circuit apparatus 11, so that the temporal information ZI that determines by means of time measurement device 8 can be provided for logic circuit apparatus 11.Can obtain one about input direct voltage U by means of logic circuit apparatus 11
XLevel or the value information WI of the instantaneous value that changes of level.On an output terminal 12 of logic circuit apparatus 11, can obtain about input direct voltage U by logic circuit apparatus 11 detections
XLevel or the value information WI of the instantaneous value that changes of level, this output terminal 12 is connected with an output terminal 13 of circuit 1.
The output terminal 6 of comparer 4 also is connected with the input end 14 of a pick-up unit 15, utilizes pick-up unit 15 can detect as comparer DC voltage U
CDWith comparer pulse U
CIA comparison signal U when existing on the output terminal 6 of comparer 4
C, and utilize pick-up unit 15 can produce and instantaneous testing result and instantaneous comparison signal U
CCorresponding detection information D I.An output terminal 16 of pick-up unit 15 is connected with an input end 17 of control information generation device 18, therefore can offer control information generation device 18 to the detection information D I that is detected by pick-up unit 15.Utilize control information generation device 18 can produce corresponding with the detection information D I that offers it and therefore with instantaneous comparison signal U
CControl information corresponding SI.Control information generation device 18 has an output terminal 19 that is connected with the input end 20 of a controllable pulse generator 21, the result, and the control information SI that utilizes control information generation device 18 to produce can be provided for controllable pulse generator 21.
Controllable pulse generator 21 is used to produce pulse I, and this pulse I can change aspect the charge volume by means of the control information SI that is offered controllable pulse generator 21 by control information generation device 18, wherein control information SI and comparison signal U
CCorresponding.Under existing conditions, this device is such, so that in order to change the charge volume of the pulse I that is produced by controllable pulse generator 21, frequency and amplitude that their duration of pulse can be changed the I of pulse simultaneously remain unchanged.Yet, in order to change the charge volume of the pulse that produces by a controllable pulse generator, the frequency that also can change these pulses keeps the duration of pulse and amplitude constant simultaneously, or the amplitude that changes these pulses keeps the frequency of pulse and duration of pulse constant simultaneously.In practice, the constant frequency by the pulse I of the variable pulse duration that provides according to the controllable pulse generator 21 in the circuit 1 of Fig. 1 approximately is 2.0kHz.
Controllable pulse generator 21 also produces and provides characteristic information KI about the value of instantaneous charge volume, promptly under existing conditions, produces and provides about the characteristic information KI by the value of transient pulse duration of the pulse I of its generation.
Controllable pulse generator 21 has one first output terminal 22 and one second output terminal 23.On first output terminal 22, controllable pulse generator 21 produces the pulse I of variable duration.At second output terminal 23, controllable pulse generator 21 provides the characteristic information KI about instantaneous charge volume, promptly under existing conditions, provides the characteristic information KI about the transient pulse duration of pulse I.Second output terminal 23 of controllable pulse generator 21 is connected with second input end 24 of logic circuit apparatus 11.Utilize this method, the characteristic information KI that produces on second output terminal of controllable pulse generator 21 can be provided for logic circuit apparatus 11.
Controllable pulse generator 21 has first output terminal 22 that is connected with the input end 25 of integrator 26.Integrator 26 comprises 27,28 and 29 and capacitors 30 of a resistor.Can be provided for integrator 26 by means of input end 25 from the pulse I of controllable pulse generator 21.Produce reference signal U by means of pulse I integrator 26 from controllable pulse generator 21
RIntegrator 26 forms reference signal U by the pulse I that offers it is carried out integration
R, and this integrator 26 is so a kind of structures, so that reference signal U
RHas a DC component U corresponding with the instantaneous charge volume of pulse I
RD, promptly with corresponding DC component U of transient pulse duration from the pulse I of controllable pulse generator 21
RDAnd one be superimposed upon DC component U
RDOn AC compounent U
RA, this AC compounent U
RABe actually constitute by a sawtooth signal with this AC compounent U
RAFrequency with corresponding by the frequency of the pulse I of controllable pulse generator 21.Integrator 26 has an output terminal 31 that is connected with second input end 5 of comparer 4, so that reference signal U
ROffer second input end 5 of comparer 4.
It should be noted: comparer 4 is so a kind of structures, so that at reference signal U
RDC component U
RDWith input direct voltage U
XUnder the different situations, it can produce signal U as a comparison
CA comparer DC voltage U
CD, this comparer DC voltage U
CDDepend on DC component U
RDWith input direct voltage U
XDeviation, and so that at reference signal U
RDC component U
RDIn fact with input direct voltage U
XUnder the corresponding situation, it can produce signal U as a comparison
CComparer pulse U
CI, this comparer pulse U
CIDepend on AC compounent U
RA, and under existing conditions, depend on reference signal U
RAC compounent U
RAVariation.
It should be noted: in circuit shown in Figure 1, utilize a microprocessor of representing by dotted line in Fig. 1 to realize time measurement device 8, logic circuit apparatus 11, pick-up unit 15, control information generation device 18 and controllable pulse generator 21.
Be described in the operation of the circuit shown in Fig. 1 below in conjunction with Fig. 2,3 and 4.
An input direct voltage U who offers the input end 2 of circuit 1
XBe transmitted to the first input end 3 of comparer 4.According to this input direct voltage U
X, comparer 4 produces a comparison signal U on its output terminal 6
CThis comparison signal U
CDepend on the reference signal U on second input end 5 that offers comparer 4
RIn the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the first input end 3 of comparer 4 is non-inverting inputs and second input end 5 of comparer 4 is inverting inputs, if so that reference signal U
RContinuously than input direct voltage U
XBigger, comparison signal U so
CPresent a low level L, if reference signal U
RContinuously than input direct voltage U
XLittler, comparison signal U so
CPresent a high level H.Under two kinds of above-mentioned situations, comparer 4 produces one with a comparer DC voltage U on its output terminal 6
CDThe comparison signal U of form
C, this comparison signal U under described first kind of situation
CHas a low level L and this comparison signal U under described second kind situation
CHas a high level H.If reference signal U
RDC component U
RDBasically with input direct voltage U
XCorresponding, and so reference signal U
RAC compounent U
RAAt input direct voltage U
XLast fluctuation, comparison signal U so
CAccording to AC compounent U
RAVariation alternately present high level and low level so that comparer pulse U
CIOn the output terminal 6 of comparer 4, be rendered as comparison signal U
C
Instantaneous comparison signal U
CBe provided for pick-up unit 15, whether these pick-up unit 15 detections exist one to have low level comparer DC voltage U
CD, or do not have a comparer DC voltage with high level, or do not have comparer pulse U
CI, and obtain and provide the detection information D I corresponding with this instantaneous testing result.Instantaneous detection information D I is provided for control information generation device 18, and these control information generation device 18 responses detect information D I so that produce control information SI, and this control information SI is used to control controllable pulse generator 21.As input direct voltage U
XDepart from reference signal U significantly
RThe time, comparer 4 produces a comparer DC voltage U on its output terminal 6
CDAs long as pick-up unit 15 1 detects a comparer DC voltage U
CDExistence, just information D I offers control information generation device 18 so that control information generation device 18 produces and provide control information SI detecting for it, this control information SI makes in controllable pulse generator 21 the pulse I that produces be modified aspect their charge volume, realizes this improvement by the duration of pulse that changes pulse I.Under the situation of circuit shown in Fig. 1, wherein utilize a microprocessor to realize controllable pulse generator 21, in order to change the charge volume of pulse I, utilize a kind of special straightforward procedure can realize the change in the duration of pulse of paired pulses I.It should be noted: the variation in the duration of pulse of the pulse I that is produced by controllable pulse generator 21 is corresponding with the variation of the duty factor of the train of impulses that is provided by controllable pulse generator 21.
According to above-mentioned control information SI, pulse producer 21 changes the pulse width of the pulse I that is produced by this generator, and this pulse is provided for the input end 25 of integrator 26.This integrator 26 is designed by this way, so that capacitor 30 is recharged when the high level by the pulse I of pulse producer 21 exists, and capacitor 30 is discharged when the low level by pulse producer 21 exists.Utilize this method to realize: the reference signal U that on the output terminal 31 of integrator 26, produces
RAC compounent U
RAFrequency with corresponding by the frequency of the pulse I of pulse producer 21.In addition, selected by this way by the frequency of the pulse of pulse producer 21, so that capacitor 30 is not filled electricity when the high level of pulse I exists, and capacitor 30 is not discharged fully when the low level of pulse I exists.
When pulse I during a time interval utilizes identical charge volume to offer integrator 26 by pulse producer 21, when promptly having identical duration of pulse and pulse width, on the output terminal 31 of integrator 26, obtain a reference signal U
R, this reference signal U
RThe DC component U that comprises a set-point
RDAC compounent U with a set-point
RA, AC compounent U wherein
RABe superimposed upon DC component U
RDOn.If charge volume promptly is increased by the duration of pulse that pulse producer 21 offers the pulse I of integrator 26, so reference signal U
RDC component U
RDValue also increase, at this DC component U
RDOn be superimposed with AC compounent U
RAOn the contrary, if charge volume promptly is reduced by the duration of pulse that pulse producer 21 offers the pulse I of integrator 26, so reference signal U
RDC component U
RDValue also reduce, at this DC component U
RDOn be superimposed with AC compounent U
RATherefore, by changing charge volume, promptly change the duration of pulse that offers the pulse I of integrator 26 by pulse producer 21, reference signal U
RDC component U
RDCan be changed on a wide scope corresponding with the measurement range of circuit 1, this circuit 1 is used to detect an input direct voltage U
XLevel or level change.
As comparer DC voltage U of detection information D I indication with high level by the pick-up unit 15 of control information generation device 18
CDWhen existing, as shown in the C of Fig. 2 part, it means reference signal U
RHas one fully than input direct voltage U
XLower level, as shown in the B of Fig. 2 part, control information generation device 18 provides control information SI to be used for little by little increasing charge volume, promptly by the duration of pulse T of the pulse I of pulse producer 21
PH, in the A of Fig. 2 part, this pulse I has been shown.Charge volume by the pulse I of the increase of pulse producer 21 causes reference signal U
RDC component U
RDIncrease, its structure is: reference signal U
R1 near input direct voltage U length by length
X
When one of detection information D I indication by the pick-up unit 15 of control information generation device 18 has low level comparer DC voltage U
CDWhen existing, as shown in the C of Fig. 3 part, it means reference signal U
RHas one fully than input direct voltage U
XHigher level, as shown in the B of Fig. 3 part, control information generation device 18 provides control information SI to be used for little by little reducing charge volume, promptly by the duration of pulse T of the pulse I of pulse producer 21
PH, in the A of Fig. 3 part, this pulse I has been shown.Charge volume by the pulse I that reduces of pulse producer 21 causes reference signal U
RDC component U
RDReduce, its structure is: reference signal U in this case
RLength by length near input direct voltage U
X
Utilize above-mentioned method, by duration of pulse or the pulse width T of the pulse I of pulse producer 21
PHGradually change and caused reference signal U
RDC component U
RDBe changed up to input direct voltage U
XValue only mutually difference or phase mutual deviation a bit till, as shown in the B of Fig. 4 part.In this case, be superimposed upon reference signal U
RDC component U
RDOn AC compounent U
RAAt input direct voltage U
XOn a level variation range U
PWithin the fluctuation.As shown in the C of Fig. 4 part, comparer pulse U then
CIBe presented on the output terminal 6 of comparer 4.As from figure, seeing comparer pulse U
CIHas a duration of pulse T
CHAnd comparer pulse U
CIBy the recurrent interval duration T
CLBe separated from each other.Duration of pulse T
CHWith the recurrent interval duration T
CLWith produced on the output terminal 6 of comparer 4 the comparer pulse U that occurs
CIThe period T of sequence
CUtilize pick-up unit 15 to detect signal U as a comparison
CComparer pulse U
CIExistence.
Because reference signal U
RDC component U
RDAlways by duration of pulse T from the pulse I of pulse producer 21
PHDetermine, so at described comparer pulse U
CIDuration of existence, duration of pulse T
PHWith DC component U
RDA value corresponding, this is worth very near input direct voltage U
XValue.
At DC component U
RDReached it very near input direct voltage U
XValue and pick-up unit 15 detected comparer pulse U
CIExistence after, pick-up unit 15 offers control information generation device 18 by means of its output terminal 16 detecting information D I, consequently: in control information generation device 18 duration of pulse T for the pulse I that changes pulse producer 21
PHStop or stop and producing the control information SI that gives pulse producer 21 to be supplied.In addition, pick-up unit 15 produces another and detects information A DI on another output terminal 33, and this detection information A DI is transmitted to another input end 34 of logic circuit apparatus 11, consequently the duration of pulse T about limiting in pulse producer 21
PHThe characteristic information KI of value be used in logic circuit apparatus 11, handle, receiving after another detects information A DI, characteristic information KI is offered second input end 24 of logic circuit apparatus 11 by pulse producer 21.Utilization is handled this about duration of pulse T by characteristic information KI is compared with the ratings of storage
PHThe characteristic information KI of value so that determine DC component U
RDValue, this value has been positioned at very near input direct voltage U
XValue.Utilize this method, input direct voltage U
XLevel be determined roughly or approx.
Owing to utilize time measurement device 8 also to determine comparer pulse U
CIDuration of pulse T
CHSo, also obtained about this duration of pulse T now
CHTemporal information ZI.This temporal information ZI with at DC component U
RDValue and input direct voltage U
XValue between difference corresponding, DC component U wherein
RDValue be positioned at very near input direct voltage U
XValue, as describing with reference to Fig. 4 below, therefore, by determining and handling this temporal information ZI and can accurately determine input direct voltage U
XLevel value.Described temporal information ZI is provided for logic circuit apparatus 11 by means of the output terminal 9 of time measurement device 8 and the first input end 10 of logic circuit apparatus 11 from time measurement device 8, and after this, logic circuit apparatus 11 bases are about duration of pulse T
PHCharacteristic information KI and described temporal information ZI accurately determine input direct voltage U
XLevel or level change.
Fig. 2 shows first signal waveforms at signal on the output terminal 31 on the output terminal 22 of pulse producer 21, at integrator 26 and on the output terminal 6 at comparer 4.The A of Fig. 2 partly shows a train of impulses, and this train of impulses comprises the pulse I from pulse producer 21, the period T of this pulse I
PBe duration of pulse T by pulse I
PHWith the recurrent interval duration T
PLConstitute.Has a T at the train of impulses shown in the A of Fig. 2 part
PH: T
PLDuty factor, determine the duration of pulse T of the charge volume of pulse I
PHRelatively relatively short and equal period T
P40%.The B of Fig. 2 partly shows an input direct voltage U who offers input end 2
XWith a reference signal U
R, this reference signal U
RHas a DC component U
RDWith an AC compounent U
RA, AC compounent U wherein
RAAt a level variation range U
PWithin change.Utilize integrator 26 to obtain this reference signal U
R, 26 pairs of this integrators carry out integration at the pulse I shown in the A of Fig. 2 part.
The C of Fig. 2 partly shows a comparison signal U
C, this comparison signal U
CBe at the input direct voltage U shown in the B of Fig. 2 part by handle
XWith reference signal U
RComparing obtains, and comparison signal U
CBe a comparer DC voltage U with a high level
CDThis is because reference signal U
RDC component U
RDBasically depart from input direct voltage U
X, promptly it is less basically, thus input direct voltage U
XBe positioned at level variation range U
PThe outside.
Utilize the comparison signal U shown in the C part that pick-up unit 15 detects at Fig. 2
C, this pick-up unit 15 produces relevant detection information D I and this detection information D I is offered control information generation device 18.Detect information D I according to this, control information generation device 18 produces control information SI, and this control information SI offers pulse producer 21 so that increase the duty factor of the train of impulses that comprises pulse I, promptly increases the duration of pulse T of the pulse I of pulse producer 21
PHIncrease duration of pulse T
PHThe result be: reference signal U
RDC component U
RDBe increased.This increases duration of pulse T
PHTherefore and increase reference signal U
RDC component U
RDProcess be repeated until DC component U
RDValue very near input direct voltage U
XValue till, as shown in the B of Fig. 4 part.
Fig. 3 shows the secondary signal oscillogram at signal on the output terminal 31 on the output terminal 22 of pulse producer 21, at integrator 26 and on the output terminal 6 at comparer 4.The A of Fig. 3 partly shows a train of impulses, and this train of impulses comprises from the other pulse I of pulse producer 21 and has a T
PH: T
PL=90: 10 duty factor is determined the duration of pulse T of the charge volume of these other pulse I
PHRelatively long and equal period T
P90%.When these other pulse I were provided for the input end 25 of integrator 26, capacitor 30 was at the duration of pulse T of this pulsion phase to length
PHBe recharged during this time and in the short relatively recurrent interval duration T of this pulse
PLDischarged during this time, so that at the reference signal U shown in the B of Fig. 3 part
RHas a ratio at the reference signal U shown in the B of Fig. 2 part
RBigger DC component.In addition, at reference signal U shown in the B of Fig. 3 part
RAC compounent U
RAHave than at the AC compounent U shown in the B of Fig. 2 part
RALittler amplitude is so that this AC compounent U
RAAnother level variation range U
PObtained.The B part of Fig. 3 also shows one than reference signal U
RLittler input direct voltage U
X
The C of Fig. 3 partly shows a comparison signal U
C, this comparison signal U
CBe at the input direct voltage U shown in the B of Fig. 3 part by handle
XWith reference signal U
RComparing obtains, and comparison signal U
CBe one and have a low level comparer DC voltage U
CDThis is because reference signal U
RDC component U
RDBasically depart from input direct voltage U
X, promptly it is bigger basically, thus input direct voltage U
XBe positioned at level variation range U
PThe outside.
Utilize the comparison signal U shown in the C part that pick-up unit 15 detects at Fig. 3
C, this pick-up unit 15 produces relevant detection information D I and this detection information D I is offered control information generation device 18.Detect information D I according to this, control information generation device 18 produces control information SI, and this control information SI offers pulse producer 21 so that reduce to comprise the duty factor of the train of impulses of pulse I, promptly reduces the duration of pulse T of the pulse I of pulse producer 21
PHReduce duration of pulse T
PHThe result be: reference signal U
RDC component U
RDBe reduced.This reduces duration of pulse T
PHTherefore and reduce reference signal U
RDC component U
RDProcess be repeated until DC component U
RDValue very near input direct voltage U
XValue till, as shown in the B of Fig. 4 part.
Fig. 4 shows the 3rd signal waveforms at signal on the output terminal 31 on the output terminal 22 of pulse producer 21, at integrator 26 and on the output terminal 6 at comparer 4.The A of Fig. 4 partly shows a train of impulses, and this train of impulses comprises from the other pulse I of pulse producer 21 and has a T
PH: T
PL=70: 30 duty factor is determined the duration of pulse T of the charge volume of these other pulse I
PH Equal period T
P70%.
Suppose duty factor hereto, or for the duration of pulse T of pulse I correspondence
PH, at the input direct voltage U shown in the B of Fig. 4 part
XAt a level variation range U
PWithin change a reference signal U
RAC compounent U
RAAlso change in this level variation range, wherein reference signal comprises a reference signal U
RDC component U
RDWith an AC compounent U
RADescribed DC component U
RDValue be positioned at very near input direct voltage U
XValue so that AC compounent U
RAAt input direct voltage U
XOn a level variation range U
PWithin the fluctuation.Consequently:, utilize comparer 4 that comparer pulse U is provided as shown in the C of Fig. 4 part
CIComparer pulse U
CIHas a duration of pulse T
CHAnd comparer pulse U
CIBy the recurrent interval duration T
CLBe separated from each other.Duration of pulse T
CHWith the recurrent interval duration T
CLWith the period T that has produced the comparer train of impulses
CThis comparer pulse U
CIThe period T of train of impulses
CAlways with the period T of the train of impulses of the pulse I of pulse producer 21
CCorresponding.
If because the duration of pulse T of above-mentioned pulse I from pulse producer 21
PHLittle by little change and make reference signal U
RDC component U
RDValue become and accurately equaled input direct voltage U
XValue, reference signal U so
RAC compounent U
RAIn the B of Fig. 4 part, be illustrated by the broken lines.It will produce comparer pulse U on the output terminal 6 of comparer 4
CIM, represent this comparer pulse U as in the C of Fig. 4 part dotted line
CIMHave one and recurrent interval duration T
CLMThe duration of pulse T that equates
CHM, so that the comparer train of impulses that is provided by comparer 4 has a T
CHM: T
CLM=50: 50 duty factor.This T
CHM: T
CLMThe duration of pulse T that=50: 50 duty factor is relevant with it
CHMProvide such information, i.e. reference signal U
RDC component U
RDValue and input direct voltage U
XThe value information corresponding.In this circuit owing to selected the given frequency of the pulse I of pulse producer 21, so in logic circuit apparatus 11 period T P and identical period T
CBe known, so that at the T of the train of impulses of comparer pulse
CHM: T
CLMUnder the situation of=50: 50 duty factor, duration of pulse T
CHMAlso be known.That should note once more is this duration of pulse T
CHMProvide such information, i.e. reference signal U
RDC component U
RDValue and input direct voltage U
xThe value information corresponding.
If because the duration of pulse T of above-mentioned pulse I from pulse producer 21
PHLittle by little change and make reference signal U
RDC component U
RDValue do not become and accurately equal input direct voltage U
XValue, as in normal circumstances, reference signal U so
RAC compounent U
RAIn the B of Fig. 4 part, represent by solid line.It has produced comparer pulse U
CI, represent as solid line in the C of Fig. 4 part.This comparer pulse U
CIHas a duration of pulse T
CH, this duration of pulse T
CHWith duration of pulse T
CHMThe value difference, and with input direct voltage U
XWith DC component U
RDDeviate corresponding.Because the AC compounent U of zig-zag
RABasically be the edge of straight line, thus such advantage can be obtained, promptly at input direct voltage U
XWith DC component U
RDDescribed deviate and duration of pulse TC
HMValue and duration of pulse T
CHThe described deviate of value between have a linear relationship.Therefore, by determining duration of pulse T
CHValue or determine it and duration of pulse TC
HMDeviate can determine input direct voltage U
XValue and DC component U
RDThe deviate of value, this deviate is known in logic circuit apparatus.
Therefore, utilize time measurement device 8 can obtain the indicating impulse duration T
CHTemporal information ZI, and this temporal information ZI offered logic circuit apparatus 11.By the temporal information ZI that obtains is compared with the ratings of storage, logic circuit apparatus 11 can be determined input direct voltage U
XValue and DC component U
RDGiven value between deviate.At last, by adding or deduct input direct voltage U
XValue and reference signal U
RDC component U
RDGiven value between deviate can accurately determine input direct voltage U
XValue, reference signal U wherein
RDC component U
RDGiven value be determined by handling described temporal information ZI.Utilizing the accurately definite input direct voltage U of logic circuit apparatus 11
XValue after, logic circuit apparatus 11 produces about input direct voltage U on its output terminal 12
XThe value information WI of value.This value information WI is obtained on the output terminal 13 of circuit 1, is used for further processing.Also can be about input direct voltage U
XThe value information WI of value store in the logic circuit apparatus 11, can determine subsequently about input direct voltage U
XNew value information WI with before be determined and stored value information WI compare, and can from this fiducial value, obtain one about input direct voltage U
XThe information that changes of level.
It should be noted: be not accurately to need to determine an input direct voltage U
XWith a DC component U
RDDeviate, by means of comparer pulse U
CIDuration of pulse T
CHDC component U
RDVery near input direct voltage U
X, but by means of the duration T in comparer recurrent interval
CLAlso can make DC component U
RDVery near input direct voltage U
X, this is because the duration T in comparer recurrent interval
CLIt also is a kind of metric of described deviate.
Also it should be noted: the duration of pulse T that indicating impulse generator 21 has been provided with
CHCharacteristic information KI not necessarily need to offer logic circuit apparatus 11 from pulse producer 21, but also can provide by control information generation device 18.
In addition, it should be noted: be provided for receiving an input direct voltage U
XInput end also can be connected and the output terminal of an integrator also can be connected with the non-inverting input of this comparer with the inverting input of a comparer, signal waveform is by anti-phase in this case.
Fig. 5 shows and is used to detect the level of input direct voltage or a part of circuit that level changes according to a second embodiment of the present invention.Utilize a microprocessor 35 to realize this circuit part.In circuit shown in Figure 5, utilize unique counting assembly 36 to constitute a pick-up unit and a time measurement device.Counting assembly 36 has an input end 37 that is connected with the output terminal of a comparer, does not illustrate in the drawings.Counting assembly 36 is set for the time clock CL of reception from a clock generator 38, and this time clock CL is corresponding with the internal clock pulse of microprocessor 35.By calculating time clock CL, counting assembly 36 detects instantaneous comparison signal U
CWith measurement comparer pulse U
CIDuration of pulse T
CH
Counting assembly 36 has first output terminal 39 that is connected with the first input end of logic circuit apparatus 11.Counting assembly 36 has second output terminal 40 that is connected with the input end 17 of control information generation device 18.Counting assembly 36 has the 3rd output terminal 41 that is connected with another input end 34 of logic circuit apparatus 11.
In order to carry out the function of a time measurement device and a pick-up unit, below in conjunction be described in a program of carrying out in the counting assembly 36 at flow process Figure 42 shown in Fig. 6.
Program in counting assembly 36 starts in a square 43, and carrying out this program is in order to detect a comparer DC voltage U with high level
CDOr has a low level comparer DC voltage U
CDOr definite comparer pulse U
CIDuration of pulse T
CHDescribed comparer DC voltage U
CDWith comparer pulse U
CIBe provided for the input end 37 of counting assembly 36.In a square 44 subsequently, one first counter C
1With one second counter C
2Each is loaded with " 0 " value.In following a square 45 of square 44, detect a time clock CL who whether produces and occur by clock generator 38, this time clock CL can be provided for counting assembly 36.When this situation did not exist, this program was retained in the square 45.Yet when a time clock CL by clock generator 38 was detected, this program entered into square 46.In square 46, detect the comparison signal U on the input end 37 of counting assembly 36
CWhether has a high level.If this comparison signal U
CHas a high level, so the first counter C in square 47 subsequently
1Counting added " 1 " and subsequently this program enter into next square 48.Yet, if comparison signal U
CDo not have a high level, this program directly enters into square 48 from square 46 so.In square 48, detect the second counter C
2Counting whether reached the value of a constant C, this constant C equals at comparer pulse U
CIPeriod T
CWith time clock C
LCycle between ratio.If the detection in square 48 is born, the second counter C in square 49 so
2Counting added " 1 " and subsequently this program enter into square 45.Yet, if the detection in square 48 is positive, promptly as the second counter C
2Counting when having reached the value of constant C and therefore since the startup of this program make and period T
CWhen time corresponding had stopped at interval, this program entered into square 50 so.In square 50, detect the first counter C
1Counting whether reach " 0 " value, the value of this counting and comparison signal U
CIn period T
CIn had the time equivalence of a high level.As the first counter C
1Counting when having " 0 " value, it means comparison signal U
CIn period T
CIn have a high level never, this program enters into square 51.Produce in square 51 and detect information D I, this detection information D I represents comparison signal U
CBe one and have low level comparer DC voltage U
CLAnd on second output terminal 40 of counting assembly 36, obtain.If the first counter C in square 50
1Counting be found and be not " 0 " value, this program enters into square 52 so.In square 52, detect the first counter C
1Counting whether reached the value of constant C, it means comparison signal U
CIn whole period T
CHas a high level H during this time.If this is the case, this program enters into square 53 so.Produce in square 53 and detect information D I, this detection information D I represents comparison signal U
CBe a comparer DC voltage U with high level H
CHAnd on second output terminal 40 of counting assembly 36, obtain.Yet, when in square 52, finding: the first counter C
1Counting do not reach the value of constant C, this program enters into square 54 so.Since in square 50 and square 52, the first counter C
1Counting promptly be not found and have the value that " 0 " value neither constant C, so it means comparison signal U
CIn period T
CWithin have high level H a little while and have low level L a little while.Therefore, in square 54, produce detection information D I so that expression comparer pulse U
CIBe rendered as comparison signal U
CAnd on second output terminal 40 of counting assembly 36, can obtain this detection information D I, this detection information D I can make stopping of control information SI in control information generation device 18, and this control information SI can be provided for pulse producer 21 so that change the duration of pulse T of the pulse I of pulse producer 21
CHIn another square 55, produce another subsequently and detect information A DI, this information can obtain on the 3rd output terminal 41 of counting assembly 36, and since this this detect information A DI, make duration of pulse T in logic circuit apparatus 11 about in pulse producer 21, being provided with
CHThe characteristic information KI of value is used to handle, and wherein characteristic information KI is offered logic circuit apparatus 11 according to the detection information A DI that receives.
Subsequently, produce a temporal information ZI in square 56, this temporal information ZI is comparer pulse U
CIDuration of pulse T
CHOne tolerance and according to equation T
CH=[T
C* Z (C
1)]/C calculated, T wherein
CBe comparer pulse U
CICycle, Z (C
1) be the first counter C
1Count value and C be above-mentioned constant.On first output terminal 39 of counting assembly 36, can access the temporal information ZI of calculating.
After a kind of form in detecting information D I, another detection information A DI and these three kinds of possible forms of temporal information ZI had been provided for the output terminal 40,41 and 39 of counting assembly 36, this program finished in square 57.In order to obtain to detect information D I, another detection information A DI and temporal information ZI continuously, in case this program stops in square 57, in square 43, just can restart the program that above-mentioned basis flow process Figure 42 in Fig. 6 describes, but after a given time interval finishes, also can restart this program.
It is transformable being combined in the described program of the flow process Figure 42 shown in Fig. 6, realize a pick-up unit and a time measurement device so that utilize the unique counting assembly in a circuit, wherein circuit is used to detect the level or the level variation of an input direct voltage, but this circuit is not limited to this special variation.
Fig. 7 shows a circuit arrangement 58, and this circuit arrangement 58 is used for a rechargeable battery 59 is charged.This circuit arrangement 58 also is suitable for simultaneously a plurality of batteries being charged, for example two, three or more battery.This circuit arrangement 58 comprises that a circuit 1, this circuit 1 only represent with a square, and it is used to detect a level and changes, that is, and and at the charging voltage U that on battery 59, presents during the charging process
LLevel change.Circuit arrangement 58 comprises a switch 60, and this switch 60 has first end 61 that is connected with a supply voltage U+ and second end 62 that is connected with a resistor 63, and this resistor 63 is connected with an earth terminal 64.Second end 62 of switch 60 is connected with the S input end 65 of a trigger 66.Trigger 66 has a Q output terminal 67 that is connected with an input end 68 of charging circuit 69, and charging circuit 69 has an input end 70 that is connected with supply voltage U+.Battery 59 is connected with end 72 with two ends 71 of charging circuit 69, during a charging process, presents a charging voltage U on battery 59
L, figure 8 illustrates this charging voltage U
LEnd 72 is connected with ground, and its connected mode does not illustrate.
In addition, the end 71 of charging circuit 69 is connected with an input end 73 of switch 74.This switch 74 has an other end 75 that is connected with supply voltage U+ and an output terminal 76 that is connected with the input end 2 of circuit 1.When switch 74 was positioned at a primary importance, as among Fig. 7 shown in the solid line, switch 74 was connected its input end 73 with its output terminal 76.When switch 74 was positioned at a second place, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 7, switch 74 was connected its another input end 75 with its output terminal 76.The output terminal 13 of circuit 1 is connected with a R input end 77 of trigger 66.
Start by driving switch 60 and to be used for charging process that battery 59 is charged, consequently an electric current flows by means of switch 60 and resistor 63.Because electric current has produced voltage drop on resistor 63, the S input end 65 of trigger 66 is positioned at noble potential, and consequently trigger 66 is set and is also producing a noble potential on the Q output terminal 67 up to trigger 66 is detecting a noble potential and therefore is being reset on the R input end 77 till.Because the noble potential on the Q of trigger 66 output terminal 67, the input end 68 that charging circuit 69 is connected with Q output terminal 67 also is a noble potential, and this noble potential excites and produced a charging current I
LAnd provide this charging current I
L, this charging current I
LFlow into the end 72 of charging circuit 69 from the end 71 of charging circuit 69 by means of battery 59, figure 9 illustrates this charging current I
LAs shown in the described figure, this electric current is an impulse type charging current I
L, utilize this galvanic cell 59 at time interval T
LIn be recharged, and at time interval T
M Middle battery 59 is not recharged.
At above-mentioned time interval T
MIn, switch 74 is set to its primary importance, and in this position, the battery contact that is connected with the end 71 of charging circuit 69 is connected with the input end 73 of switch 74, therefore, the charging voltage U on battery 59
LBe provided for the input end 2 of circuit 1.Utilize the method identical with the top circuit of describing in conjunction with Fig. 1-6 1, circuit 1 detects the level decline of an input direct voltage in the present circumstance,, offers the charging voltage U on the input end 2 of circuit 1 that is
LThe reason that detects a level decline is: between battery 59 charge period, if charging voltage U
LReached a maximal value and begun decline then, charging process must be moved to end so.
When switch 74 was set to its second place, the supply voltage U+ on the other end 75 of switch 74 was provided for the output terminal 76 of switch 74, utilized circuit 1 that the level of supply voltage U+ is determined thus.Therefore not only can detect the charging voltage U on battery 59
LThe level level also can detect supply voltage U+ that descends change.This is special advantage, because can especially accurately determine charging voltage U
LLevel or the decline of level, therefore allow a variation in the level of supply voltage U+, this variation has caused at the charging voltage U that utilizes circuit 1 to detect
LLevel in a variation so that consider to determine charging voltage U
LLevel or determine at charging voltage U
LLevel in decline.
As mentioned above, Fig. 8 shows the charging voltage U on battery during the charging process 59
LAs can be seen, charging voltage U
LBasically begin to increase continuously from charging process, up to battery 59 at a T constantly
1On be charged near till 100%.At moment T
1The further charging of battery 59 afterwards will reduce the life-span of battery 59, and therefore further charging is avoided utterly.When being charged to charging near 100% battery 59 and being continued to charge, the charging voltage U on the battery 59
LIt is known slightly descending.Utilize circuit 1 to detect charging voltage U
LLevel descend, consequently: the shutoff that the charging process of battery 59 is represented in Fig. 8 is T constantly
2On be stopped.Utilize 1 pair in circuit at piezoelectric voltage U
LAccurate especially detection that descend of level guaranteed that overcharging of battery 59 is eliminated.
In the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 7, also can be end 72 ground connection or needn't ground connection, but to remain on end 72 on the current potential that can change with respect to ground.In this case, at time interval T
MMiddle-end 71 72 in turn is connected with the input end 2 of circuit 1 with end, and is detected at level value between end 72 and the ground and the level value between end 71 and ground subsequently, and determines charging voltage U on battery 59 by formation difference between described two level values
LLevel value, therefore by charging voltage U relatively in turn
LThe detected value of level detect at charging voltage U
LLevel descend.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is used to detect the level of an input direct voltage or the circuit that level changes, and comprising: an input end, this input end are provided for and receive described input direct voltage; A comparer, this comparer has a first input end, second input end and an output terminal, wherein first input end is connected with this input end, and second input end is set for and receives a reference signal, can obtain a comparison signal on output terminal; A control information generation device, this control information generation device are provided for the corresponding control information of comparison signal that produces with comparer; A controllable pulse generator, be used to produce pulse, this pulse obtains on an output terminal of controllable pulse generator, and this pulse is by means of offering the control of the control information of this pulse producer corresponding to comparison signal and by the control information generation device, changes according to the charge volume of pulse; An integrator, this integrator has an input end that is connected with the output terminal of pulse producer and an output terminal that is connected with second input end of comparer, so that reference signal of pulse shaping by means of pulse producer, this reference signal has a corresponding DC component of instantaneous charge volume and the AC compounent that is superimposed upon on this DC component with the pulse of pulse producer, it is characterized in that: this integrator is configured to define a reference signal, the frequency of AC compounent is corresponding with the frequency of the pulse of pulse producer in this reference signal, this comparer has the output terminal that is connected with a pick-up unit and is used to detect the existence of a comparer DC voltage and the existence of comparer pulse, utilize this pick-up unit to control the control information generation device by this way: promptly when detecting a comparer DC voltage and exist, generation is used for the control information of pulse producer, be used to change the charge volume of the pulse of pulse producer, and after detecting comparer pulse appearance, stop producing the control information that is used for pulse producer, comparer also comprises the output terminal that is connected with a time measurement device, by means of this time measurement device, after the termination generation is used for the control information of pulse producer, acquisition is about comparer pulse or the temporal information of the duration in comparer recurrent interval, and be provided with a logic circuit apparatus, after the termination generation is used for the control information of pulse producer, by means of about the characteristic information of the charge volume of the pulse of pulse producer with by means of about comparer pulse or the temporal information of the duration in comparer recurrent interval, a level or a level that this logic circuit apparatus detects input direct voltage change, wherein this logic circuit apparatus is used to receive described characteristic information, and wherein said temporal information is provided for described logic circuit apparatus.
2. according to the circuit of claim 1, it is characterized in that this integrator is configured to define a reference signal, the AC compounent of this reference signal is a sawtooth signal on the DC component that is superimposed upon this reference signal.
3. according to the circuit of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, utilize a unique counting assembly to constitute pick-up unit and time measurement device.
4. according to the circuit of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, utilize a microprocessor to constitute pick-up unit, control information generation device, controllable pulse generator, time measurement device and logic circuit apparatus.
5. according to the circuit of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, this circuit has constituted the partial circuit that is used for circuit arrangement that at least one rechargeable battery is charged, and during a charging process, the level or the level that detect the charging voltage that occurs in this circuit arrangement on battery change.
6. according to the circuit of claim 5, it is characterized in that a level in the level of circuit arrangement detection in charging voltage that is used for charging descends.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB971903689A CN1192237C (en) | 1996-03-01 | 1997-02-13 | Circuit for detecting level or level variation of input direct voltage |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96200544 | 1996-03-01 | ||
| EP96200544.3 | 1996-03-01 | ||
| CNB971903689A CN1192237C (en) | 1996-03-01 | 1997-02-13 | Circuit for detecting level or level variation of input direct voltage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1189216A CN1189216A (en) | 1998-07-29 |
| CN1192237C true CN1192237C (en) | 2005-03-09 |
Family
ID=34634860
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB971903689A Expired - Fee Related CN1192237C (en) | 1996-03-01 | 1997-02-13 | Circuit for detecting level or level variation of input direct voltage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1192237C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7647125B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2010-01-12 | Cirrus Logic, Inc. | Time-based control of a system having integration response |
| CN107923947B (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2020-07-07 | 百拉得动力系统公司 | Reduced stack voltage circuit for energy storage system diagnostics |
-
1997
- 1997-02-13 CN CNB971903689A patent/CN1192237C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1189216A (en) | 1998-07-29 |
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