CN1191899A - 牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的激光表面处理技术 - Google Patents
牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的激光表面处理技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的激光表面处理技术,首先将轴颈表层渗碳处理,其特征在于:渗碳后再用高功率激光对轴颈表层进行激光相变硬化处理,激光种类为CO2连续激光,激光功率密度(0.5—3)×104W/cm2,激光作用时间0.03～0.8s。本发明工艺简单,成本低,性能好。
Description
本发明涉及石油钻井设备，特别提供了牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的表面处理技术。
牙轮钻是石油钻井、地质勘探、采矿等工业的重要设备，牙轮钻牙掌与牙轮间的滑动和滚动轴承(参看图1)是其关键部件，它承有重载，工作条件恶劣，它的磨损对牙轮钻的寿命有决定意义。
目前生产用的轴颈表面处理制造工艺工序流程如下：
(1)渗碳+渗硼工艺
牙掌轴颈机加工—→渗碳处理—→渗硼处理—→淬火处理—→磨削—→产品
(2)堆焊高碳钴铬钨
牙掌轴颈机加工—→手工火焰堆焊钴-铬-钨合金→机加工—→后续淬火处理—→磨削—→产品
上述制造工艺工序多而复杂，变形大，加工量大，电力和材料消耗大，生产率低。渗硅+渗硼工艺。渗硼层脆性较大，重载磨损易破坏，使钻头只能在低速运转。火焰堆焊钴铬钨工艺，生产率低，合金消耗大，劳动条件差。
本发明的目的在于提供一种使轴颈表层具有高耐磨性的牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的激光表面处理技术，其工艺简便，成本低。
本发明提供了一种牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的激光表面处理技术，首先将轴颈表层渗碳处理，其将征在于：渗碳后再用高功率激光对轴颈表层进行激光相变硬化处理，激光种类为CO2连续激光，激光的功率密度(0.5-3)×104W/cm2，激光作用时间0.03～0.8s。渗碳处理温度820～950℃，时间8～14小时，渗碳层厚度0.8～2.0mm。由于激光极高的加热和冷却速度，表层形成极细晶粒的隐针马氏体和表层压应力，使硬度和耐靡性，抗高温咬合性等得到大幅度提高，并与牙轮钻牙轮上轴承座表面有最适合的摩控付匹配，从而提高牙掌轴颈及至牙轮钻牙掌和牙轮的联接轴承的寿命，并可在高速运转下使用。
本发明还提供了另一种牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的激光表面处理技术，其特征在于：在牙掌轴颈表面进行激光合金化处理，合金体系可以为Co-Cr-W，Ni-Cr+SiC，Ni-Cr+Re，Ni-Cr+Co+Re，Cr-Ni-Fe-C-N等，激光功率密度(2-10)×104cm2，激光辐照时间0.1～2.0s，合金化层厚度0.2～1.5mm。此外，还可以在牙掌轴颈表面进行激光熔敷处理，合金体系为Co-Cr-W，Ni-Cr-Co-Re，Ni-Cr-Co+Re，Ni-Cr-Cr-Co+TiC等，激光功率密度(0.8-5)×104/cm2激光辐照时间0.1～2.0s，熔敷层厚度0.3～1.5mm。由于激光合金化和激光熔敷层合金成分可合理选择，激光合金化和熔敷有极高的加热和冷却速度，使合金元素的固溶度提高，晶粒细化，并得到与轴承座表面有最适合的磨擦付匹配，可提高牙掌轴颈的耐磨性和抗高温咬合性等，使牙掌轴颈及至牙轮钻牙掌和牙轮的联接轴承工作寿命得到提高并可在高速运转下使用。下面通过实施例详述本发明。
附图1为牙轮钻牙掌轴结构示意图；
附图2为激光处理工艺过程示意图。
实施例1
激光相变硬化处理条件如表1
表1激光相变硬化工艺参数表渗C层 激光扫描运动 激光功率 激光辐照 激光扫描 激光处理 寿命为原厚度 的获得 密度 时间 花样 层硬度 寿命的倍数1.2mm 轴颈旋转并作 1.4×104W/cm2 0.1s 螺旋线 HV735 1.5
轴向运动
实施例2：激光相变硬化处理条件如表1-2
表2激光相变硬化工艺参数表渗C层 激光扫描运动 激光功率 激光辐照 激光扫描 激光处理 寿命为原厚度 获得 密度 时间 花样 层硬度 寿命的倍数1.0mm 轴颈旋转 3×104)W/cm2 0.05s 等轴园环 HV778 1.8
激光束轴向运动
实施例3 激光表面合金化：
| 合金系 | 工艺参数 | 熔敷层深度 | 寿命为原寿命倍数 | 熔敷合金加入方式 | |
| 激光功率密度 | 激光辐照时间 | ||||
| Ni-Cr-Co-Rea | 3.7×104W/cm2 | 0.2s | 0.4mm | 1.9倍 | 送粉 |
Re：混合稀土
实施例4 激光表面熔敷
| 合金系 | 工艺参数 | 熔数层深度 | 寿命为原寿命倍数 | 熔敷合金加入方式 | |
| 激光功率密度 | 激光辐照时间 | ||||
| Ni-Cr-Co-TiC | 2.6×104W/cm2 | 0.4s | 0.5mm | 1.7倍 | 子置 |
Claims (4)
1.一种牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的激光表面处理技术，首先将轴颈表层渗碳处理，其特征在于：渗碳后再用高功率激光对轴颈表层进行激光相变硬化处理，激光种类为CO2连续激光，激光功率密度(0.5-3)×104W/cm2，激光作用时间0.03～0.8s。
2.按权利要求1所述牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的激光表面处理技术，其特征在于：渗碳处理温度820～950℃，时间8～14小时，渗碳层厚度0.8～2.0mm。
3.一种牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的激光表面处理技术，其特征在于：在牙掌轴颈表面进行激光合金化处理，合金体系可以为Co-Cr-W，Ni-Cr+SiC，Ni-Cr+Re，Ni-Cr+Co+Re，Cr-Ni-Fe-C-N等，激光功率密度(2-10)×104cm2，激光辐照时间0.1～2s，合金化层厚度0.2～1.5mm。
4.一种牙轮钻牙掌轴颈的激光表面处理技术，其特征在于：在牙掌轴颈表面进行激光熔敷处理，合金体系为Co-Cr-W，Ni-Cr-Co-Re，Ni-Cr-Co-TiC激光功率密度(0.8-5)×104/cm2激光辐照时间0.1～2s，熔敷层厚度0.3～1.5mm。
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101665860B (zh) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-01-05 | 山西北方风雷工业集团有限公司 | 钻铤大锥度螺纹及台肩面的激光热处理方法 |
| CN104846382A (zh) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-08-19 | 柳州易农科技有限公司 | 一种农用拖拉机轮毂轴承表面处理工艺 |
| CN104862711A (zh) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 柳州玲通科技有限责任公司 | 一种农用洒水机轮毂轴承表面处理工艺 |
| CN105179486A (zh) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-23 | 安庆银泰轴承有限公司 | 一种空调轴承内套的表面处理工艺 |
| CN112943102A (zh) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-06-11 | 山东如意机械有限公司 | 一种金属陶瓷钎头 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1079006A (zh) * | 1992-05-22 | 1993-12-01 | 四川石油管理局成都总机械厂 | 牙轮钻头牙爪轴颈膏剂渗硼法 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101665860B (zh) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-01-05 | 山西北方风雷工业集团有限公司 | 钻铤大锥度螺纹及台肩面的激光热处理方法 |
| CN104846382A (zh) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-08-19 | 柳州易农科技有限公司 | 一种农用拖拉机轮毂轴承表面处理工艺 |
| CN104862711A (zh) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 柳州玲通科技有限责任公司 | 一种农用洒水机轮毂轴承表面处理工艺 |
| CN105179486A (zh) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-23 | 安庆银泰轴承有限公司 | 一种空调轴承内套的表面处理工艺 |
| CN112943102A (zh) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-06-11 | 山东如意机械有限公司 | 一种金属陶瓷钎头 |
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