CN1188352A - Power-line communication system using pulse transmission on AC line - Google Patents
Power-line communication system using pulse transmission on AC line Download PDFInfo
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- CN1188352A CN1188352A CN98103915A CN98103915A CN1188352A CN 1188352 A CN1188352 A CN 1188352A CN 98103915 A CN98103915 A CN 98103915A CN 98103915 A CN98103915 A CN 98103915A CN 1188352 A CN1188352 A CN 1188352A
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Abstract
A power-line communication system (10) for use with a conventional AC source (12) having a hot wire (14) and a neutral wire (16). The communication system (10) includes a pulse transmitter (16) and at least one receiver (18) connected downstream from the pulse transmitter (16). The pulse transmitter (16) is coupled between the hot wire (14) of the AC source (12) and either the neutral wire (16) of the AC source (12) or earth ground. Each receiver (14) is coupled to the AC source (12). The pulse transmitter (16) includes a control circuit (30) for controlling the conduction of a shunt circuit (32) and sends messages to the receivers (20) by inducing momentary pulses in the AC voltage supplied by the AC source (12). The shunt circuit includes a power switch (52) and an energy clamp circuit (66,68,74) for limiting the amplitude and the duration of the current through the power switch (52) and the pulse induced in the AC line voltage. Each receiver (18) detects the momentary pulses and translates a given sequence of pulses into its corresponding message.
Description
The present invention relates to total problem of electric line communication system, particularly adopt the electric line communication system of burst transmissions on AC line.
Electric line communication system is considered to attractive selection day by day in recent years, and it can replace the transmitter that comprised complicated and high cost and receiving loop, needs the conventional lead communication system firmly of private communication line and wireless system.In electric line communication system, the existing alternating current line of force is as transmission medium, and it successively delivers to one or more receivers or the load that connects down from AC power with information from a transmitter or control station.Owing to do not need new lead just can finish communication function, electric line communication system has greatly reduced the complexity and the workload of installing, particularly build in the application renovate, wish very much an energy management system is installed, and only need seldom or do not change existing electric wire.
The method of existing power line communication mainly can be divided into two kinds: based on carrier wave or based on pulse.In the system based on carrier wave, the high frequency carrier waveform is superimposed on the waveform of ac line voltage or alternating current.Provide the advantage of high transmission rates based on the system of carrier wave, owing in every half-wave of ac line voltage or electric current, can encode to many bit informations.The compatibility issue that causes but the high-frequency noise that a significant drawbacks of this system is the AC load by some forms can produce enough levels destroys the waveform of carrier wave.More durable in order to make in high-frequency noise based on the system of carrier wave, must seek way widely, for example in existing AC system, increase line filter.
Can avoid intrinsic frequency compatibility problem in the system based on carrier wave based on the system of pulse, but will pay because the expense of low-down transfer rate.A pulse also can only be transmitted in the particularly current best system based on pulse in the half cycle of AC line power supply.In addition, because the restriction relevant, limit usually that pulse only occurs in or near the zero crossing of ac line voltage with the burst transmissions loop.This means the low-down transfer rate that two bits were only arranged in cycle of each line, this may be unacceptable for requiring in the short relatively time cycle message transmission to the load of a large amount of relatively downstream accesses or the application scenario of receiver.In addition, existing pulse method has some shortcomings, comprises complicated transmitter and receiving loop, and as high voltage, electric current and powerful pressure on the power switch of the crucial operating element in burst transmissions loop.
Existing pulse transmission method can be divided into two classes: tandem plan and scheme in parallel.In tandem plan, for example in U.S. Patent No. 5,264, narration in 823, power switch is connected with a line of AC power, by the of short duration power switch of opening, makes the electric current of AC line be subjected to interrupting momently, and pulse is introduced in the electric current of AC line.In the voltage cycle of the AC line of the overwhelming majority, there is not pulse to be introduced in the electric current of AC line, power switch remains on on-state during this, and the whole electric currents that must reliably AC power be confessed are delivered to the receiver or the load that continue and connect in the back.Therefore, the capacity of power switch must be considered possible high levels of current, and a large amount of loads are particularly arranged in the back, and therefore must be able to bear the situation of a large amount of electric energy loss under the switch connection state.In addition, the capacity of power switch must not only can bear the full voltage of the AC line that occurs at its two ends when introducing pulse, also must be able to bear when the transient voltage of power switch on any AC line under the off-state, will require to adopt volume greatly and very expensive power switch like this.
For power switch capacity in the scheme in parallel similar high requirement is arranged also, power switch is in parallel with AC line in this scheme, and in U.S. Patent No. 4,348, what narrated in 582 is exactly one of them example.Depend on that power switch connects the time be engraved in the position of AC line in the cycle, the electric current that may have peak value flows through this switch, thus, for fear of requirement for extra high electric current of switch and power capacity, operation to existing scheme in parallel is all restricted, promptly only allow switch to connect, being limited in the reasonable range through the electric current of power switch at the voltage over zero or the near zero-crossing point of AC line.In addition, because power switch is under the full voltage effect of AC line, and do not have overvoltage protection for the transient process that often occurs in the ac line voltage, therefore, power switch must can bear very high voltage.
Therefore, obviously, can constitute by simple burst transmissions loop, can be in the cycle portions of wide relatively AC line transmitted bit, and the pulse transmission system of only requiring the power switch of intermediate size in impulser has significantly with respect to prior art and improves.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram according to electric line communication system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is according to electric line communication system figure of the present invention, and wherein impulser is connected between the live wire and center line of AC power.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to the most preferred embodiment of impulser of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the example according to a Bit Allocation in Discrete scheme of the present invention, wherein, a bit is represented in each pulse in the alternating voltage, and wherein the bit in first or the 3rd 1/4th of cycle is represented a logical zero, and a logical one is represented in the pulse in second or the 4th 1/4th.
Fig. 5 is the example according to second Bit Allocation in Discrete scheme of the present invention, and wherein two bits are represented in the pulse of each in alternating voltage.
Fig. 6 is the most preferred embodiment figure according to energy management system of the present invention, and it adopts an impulser to come the electric ballast of light modulation on controll day.
Fig. 1 is with the electric line communication system that uses with the conventional AC power with live wire and neutral line shown in Fig. 2.With reference to figure 1, electric line communication system 10 comprises the impulser 16 with live wire end 22 and a reference edge 24, and live wire end 22 is connected to the live wire 14 of AC power 12, and reference edge 24 is linked ground connection.Another as shown in Figure 2, the reference edge 24 of impulser 16 can be connected to the neutral line 15 of AC power 12.Alternating voltage with positive half cycle and negative half period appears between the live wire 14 and the neutral line 15 of AC power 12.
Return Fig. 1, impulser 16 also comprises a shunt circuit 32, and this loop is connected between live wire end 22 and the reference edge 24, and has a control loop 30 that shunt circuit 32 is switched on or switched off.When shunt circuit 32 was connected, one had the electric current of certain amplitude and duration to flow between live wire end 22 and reference edge 24, and this electric current has enough amplitudes and cause a pulse in the alternating voltage that AC power 12 is supplied with.Include amplitude and duration that an energy clamp circuit limits electric current in the shunt circuit 32.The corresponding predetermined information of the order figure of a predetermined pulse in alternating voltage.
In one embodiment, impulser 16 also comprises an interface 34, in order to accept customer-furnished information.This interface 34 receives user's information, and correspondingly sends signal to control loop 30, to drive shunt circuit 32, makes user profile be translated into the corresponding pulses sequence in alternating voltage.
Fig. 3 illustrates the most preferred embodiment of an impulser 16, and impulser 16 comprises control loop 30 and shunt circuit 32.Control loop 30 comprise the live wire end 22 that is connected to impulser 16 live wire input 92, be connected to the reference line 94 of the reference edge 24 of impulser 16, and trigger output 36.
Refer again to Fig. 3, power switch 52 has first conducting end, 56, the second conducting end 58, and control end 54, the first conducting end 56 are connected to Section Point 82, the second conducting end 58 and are connected to reference edge 24, and control end 54 is connected to the 6th node 90.Pulse energy limiting capacitance device 62 is connected between the 1st node 80 and the 2nd node 82.Energy clamp resistance 66 is connected between the 1st node 80 and the 3rd node 84.The negative electrode 72 that the anode 70 of the first energy clamp zener 68 is connected to energy clamp resistance 66, the first energy clamp zener 68 at the 3rd node 84 places is connected on the negative electrode 76 of the second energy clamp zener 74 at the 4th node 86 places.The anode 78 of the second energy clamp zener 74 is connected on the reference edge 24.Triggering energy reservior capacitor 48 is connected between the 5th node 88 and the 6th node 90.Pull down resistor 50 is connected between the 6th node 90 and the reference edge 24.
Be described in detail the operation of impulser shown in Fig. 3 16 below.Two-way three end thyristors 52 are triggered by control loop 30, as follows pulse are incorporated in the ac line voltage.Voltage in the triggering of control loop 30 output 36 is maintained at usually and equals on the high level that DC power supply 38 provides, thereby capacitor 48 is charged by peak value, and does not have electric current to flow into the control end 54 of two-way three end thyristors 52.Disconnect when therefore, two-way three end thyristors 52 are initial.When by the suitable action in the control loop 30, make when triggering the voltage decline of exporting on 36 that capacitor 48 begins to set up an electric current by resistance 46 discharges, flows out control end 54, and two-way three end thyristors 52 are connected.After two-way three end thyristors 52 were connected, the approach that electric current flows through was to arrive reference edge 24 from live wire end 22 through capacitor 60, capacitor 62 and two-way three end thyristors 52.The amplitude of electric current is set by capacitor 60 and 62, and after capacitor 60 and 62 was charged fully, electric current just disappeared.When its original high level is got back in triggering output 36, capacitor 48 will restart charging.When capacitor 48 peak values charge, flow into the electric current trend zero of end 54, two-way three end thyristors 52 also no longer include the ability conducting.After two-way three end thyristors 52 disconnected, capacitor 62 was by resistance 64 discharges, therefore, reset that it is own, pressed pulse of the same manner introducing.
By resistance 66, the function of the energy clamp circuit that Zener diode 68 and Zener diode 74 formed is restriction when two-way three end thyristors 52 are triggered after the conducting state, just begins the amplitude and the duration of the electric current that has.In one embodiment, Zener diode 68 and 74 Zener voltage are elected as equal, therefore, are limited in voltage magnitude on the node 80 symmetrically to the Zener voltage of Zener diode.Resistance 66 is used for limiting the electric current that flows through Zener diode 68 and 74 that produces when voltage when AC line surpasses the Zener voltage of Zener diode.Like this, before two-way three end thyristors 52 were connected, capacitor 60 was precharged to the voltage levvl of the difference of AC line and Zener voltage.Be pre-charged to a voltage just because of capacitor 60, this voltage is followed the trail of the voltage of AC line, after having determined two-way three end thyristors 52 to be triggered, this ac line voltage flows through its peak value and duration of electric current, therefore and the peak value and the duration of pulse in the ac line voltage have been determined, no matter pulse generation ac line voltage what constantly, this pre-charge voltage keeps identical numerical value basically.
After triggering, flow through the peak value and duration of electric current of two-way three end thyristors 52, and the function of the capacitive reactance of the amplitude of the pulse that correspondingly in ac line voltage, produces and the duration zero sequence impedance that is AC power and capacitor 60 and 62.Particularly work as the capacitive reactance that increases any one electric capacity or increase these two electric capacity simultaneously, cause pulse amplitude and width in ac line voltage to increase, simultaneously, when reducing any one or reducing the capacitive reactance of these two capacitors simultaneously, all can cause reducing the amplitude and the width of pulse.
Usually can be according to following any one or two methods to a corresponding bit of given pulse distribution, the time of (1) pulse generation, whether (2) pulse occurred in the positive half wave or the negative half-wave of alternating voltage with respect to the time of alternating voltage zero-crossing.The example that possible bit value distributes shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.Fig. 4 illustrates a Bit Allocation in Discrete, and logical zero is represented in the 1st or the 3rd 1/4th interior pulse that wherein occurs in the ac line voltage cycle, occurs in the 2nd or the 4th 1/4th interior pulse and represents logical one.In this distribution, the bit value of distributing to a pulse is pulse generation at the function with respect to time of nearest ac line voltage zero crossing fully, and impulser can transmit two bits in each AC line in the cycle.Fig. 5 illustrates another kind of Bit Allocation in Discrete, and it is divided into 4 logic areas with every half cycle, two bit value of each district's expression.Correspondingly, with the burst transmissions loop of Fig. 3 introducing a pulse in half cycle, the Bit Allocation in Discrete of Fig. 5 allows to transmit 4 bits in weekly, and it is two times of quantity of the resulting transfer rate of distribution method among Fig. 4.Similar way is divided into the Bit Allocation in Discrete in a large amount of districts fifty-fifty with every half cycle, such as being divided into 8 districts etc., can accomplish, with further increase transfer rate.
A most preferred embodiment of electric line communication system that is used for the electronic ballast control of fluorescent lamp shown in Fig. 6.All elements of energy management system 10 all as previously mentioned, by increasing one or more controlled electric ballasts, each ballast 100 has a live wire input 102, it can receive the live wire 14 of AC power 12, a neutral input 104 is arranged, it can be connected to the neutral line 14 of AC power 12, and a ground connection input 106, and it is connected to ground connection.Each ballast 100 is fit to light one or more fluorescent lamp 108, and comprises a receiver, and it detects the pulse in the alternating voltage, and the sequence pattern of these pulses of being scheduled to is translated into control commands corresponding, is carried out by ballast 100.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 6, impulser 16 can be in order to the control command that continues to a plurality of ballasts.The control command of wishing may comprise as single ground or instruct ballast to switch on and off in groups, makes the lamp dimness, makes lamp glittering, or the like function.
As indicated in embodiments of the invention shown in the figure, some important advantages are arranged with respect to prior art.At first, and be most important, be to have avoided owing to adopt the low-frequency pulse transmission at high frequency, but importantly with the existing pulse method of determining the bit value that paired pulses distributes higher transfer rate arranged than pulse generating time by relative AC line zero passage based on the intrinsic noise immunity problem of carrier system.Secondly, the present invention comprises a simple and reliable relatively impulser loop 16, and it is used in the whole width segments in AC line cycle and introduces pulse, therefore, can make aforementioned bit value allocative decision be able to and may realize, this feasible again comparing with existing pulse method has higher transfer rate.At last, because the energy clamp circuit is arranged, the power switch of medium current, voltage and rated power is only required in impulser loop 16, therefore, makes the loop 16 of being advised all more more practical from cost, physical size and reliability angle than existing method.
Although narrated the present invention with reference to some most preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art may make some modifications and change and not break away from new spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the electric line communication system that uses with the conventional AC power with a live wire and a neutral line comprises:
Impulser with live wire end and reference edge, the live wire end is connected to the live wire of AC power, reference edge is connected to one of the following (i) ground connection, the (ii) neutral line of AC power, alternating voltage appears between the live wire and the neutral line of AC power, this alternating current is pressed with positive half cycle and negative half period, impulser comprises a shunt circuit that is connected between live wire end and the reference edge, and control loop that the shunt circuit is switched on and off, wherein when the shunt circuit is connected, electric current with certain amplitude and duration flows to reference edge from the live wire end, this shunt circuit comprises an energy clamp circuit that is used to limit current amplitude and duration, this electric current has enough amplitudes to cause a pulse in alternating voltage, wherein, and corresponding predetermined information of predetermined pulse train figure in the alternating voltage; And,
At least be connected with a receiver downstream from impulser, this receiver has live wire contact and neutral line contact, the live wire contact is connected to the live wire of AC power, neutral line contact is connected to the neutral line of AC power, receiver is used for detecting the pulse of alternating voltage, and pulse train figure predetermined in the alternating voltage is translated into corresponding predetermined information.
2. the system in the claim 1, wherein a corresponding bit value is represented in each pulse, and this corresponding bit value is decided by that the time of one of following at least factor (i) pulse generation puts positive half cycle or the negative half period of (ii) pulse generation at alternating voltage with respect to alternating voltage zero-crossing.
3. the system in the claim 1, wherein impulser further comprises a sequence pattern that is used for receiving the interface of user profile and user profile can be translated into the alternating voltage corresponding pulses.
4. the system in the claim 1, wherein impulser can be introduced in the positive half cycle an of pulse (i) alternating voltage one of in following at least (ii) in the negative half period of alternating voltage at least.
5. the system in the claim 1, wherein the duration of each pulse in the alternating voltage in about 1 microsecond in the scope of about 100 microseconds.
6. the system in the claim 1, wherein,
Control loop comprises that is triggered an output, live wire input, and a reference line, and this live wire input is connected to the live wire end of impulser, and reference line is connected to the reference edge of impulser;
This shunt circuit comprises:
The DC power supply of positive output and reference output is arranged, and this is connected to the reference edge of impulser with reference to output;
A carrier coupling capacitor is connected between live wire end and the 1st node;
First series loop is connected between the 1st node and the reference edge, the 1st series loop comprises pulse energy limiting capacitance device and receives the power switch of the 2nd node, this power switch has the 1st conducting end, the 2nd conducting end and a control end, the 1st conducting end is connected to the 2nd node, and the 2nd conducting end is received the reference edge of impulser;
The energy clamp circuit is connected between the 1st node and the reference edge, this energy clamp circuit comprises an energy clamp resistance, the 1st energy clamp zener, and the 2nd energy clamp zener, energy clamp resistance is connected between the 1st node and the 3rd node, the the 1st and the 2nd energy clamp zener respectively has an anode and a negative electrode, the anode of the 1st Zener diode is connected to energy clamp resistance at the 3rd node, the negative electrode of the 1st Zener diode is connected to the negative electrode of the 2nd Zener diode at the 4th node, and the anode of the 2nd Zener diode is connected to reference edge;
The 2nd series loop is connected between the 5th node and the reference edge, the 2nd series loop comprises that one is triggered energy reservior capacitor and a pull down resistor that is connected to the 6th node, the 6th node is connected to the control end of power switch, trigger reservior capacitor and be connected between the 5th node and the 6th node, pull down resistor is connected between the 6th node and the reference edge;
The trigger current limiting resistance is connected between the triggering output of the 5th node and control loop;
Bias current source resistance is connected between the positive output of the 5th node and DC power supply; And
A discharge resistance is connected between the 1st node and the 2nd node.
7. the system in the claim 1, wherein each receiver also comprises an earth terminal of linking ground connection.
8. an energy management system uses with the conventional AC power with a live wire and a neutral line, and this system comprises:
Impulser with live wire end and reference edge, this live wire end can be connected to the live wire of AC power, reference edge is connected to the (ii) neutral line of AC power of one of the following (i) ground connection, an alternating voltage appears between the live wire and the neutral line of AC power, impulser comprises the shunt circuit that is connected between live wire end and the reference edge, also have a control loop to be used to make shunt circuit conducting or disconnection, wherein, when the conducting of shunt circuit, electric current with certain amplitude and persistence length flows to reference edge from the live wire end, this shunt circuit comprises the energy clamp circuit that is used to limit current amplitude and persistence length, this electric current has enough amplitudes can cause pulse in alternating voltage, wherein, corresponding expectant control order of the pulse predetermined sequence figure in the alternating voltage; And
At least one is connected to from impulser controllable load downstream, this load has a live wire contact and a neutral line contact, this live wire contact can be connected to the live wire of AC power, neutral line contact can be connected to the neutral line of AC power, this load comprises a receiver, this receiver can be used for detecting the pulse in the alternating voltage, and the pulse pattern of predetermined sequence in the alternating voltage can be translated into by this load and go the corresponding predetermined control order carried out.
9. the system in the claim 8, wherein impulser comprises the interface that receives user command, and can be used for (a) user command is translated into corresponding pulse train figure in the alternating voltage, and the (ii) negative half period of alternating voltage of the positive half cycle that (b) at least one pulse is incorporated into (i) alternating voltage in the middle of in following at least one, wherein the duration of each pulse in about 1 microsecond to the scope of about 100 microseconds.
10. the system in the claim 9, wherein, at least one controllable load, it comprises a controlled electron ballast, can light at least one fluorescent lamp, impulser and controlled electron ballast can be used for fluorescent lamp is turned on and off, and can change the brightness of fluorescent lamp.
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CN98103915A CN1188352A (en) | 1997-01-06 | 1998-01-05 | Power-line communication system using pulse transmission on AC line |
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US779,194 | 1997-01-06 | ||
CN98103915A CN1188352A (en) | 1997-01-06 | 1998-01-05 | Power-line communication system using pulse transmission on AC line |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102239603B (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2014-01-22 | 索尼公司 | Plug, plug receptacle, and power supply system |
CN103883550A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-06-25 | 佛山市顺德区和而泰电子科技有限公司 | Method for controlling electric appliance through power wires and wire controller |
CN104218975A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-17 | 深圳市镭润科技有限公司 | Power line carrier communication method and information transmitting device |
CN104662805A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2015-05-27 | 奥斯兰姆施尔凡尼亚公司 | Method and apparatus for a memory based packet compression encoding |
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1998
- 1998-01-05 CN CN98103915A patent/CN1188352A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102239603B (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2014-01-22 | 索尼公司 | Plug, plug receptacle, and power supply system |
CN104662805A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2015-05-27 | 奥斯兰姆施尔凡尼亚公司 | Method and apparatus for a memory based packet compression encoding |
CN103883550A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-06-25 | 佛山市顺德区和而泰电子科技有限公司 | Method for controlling electric appliance through power wires and wire controller |
CN103883550B (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2016-04-27 | 佛山市顺德区和而泰电子科技有限公司 | A kind of method by power line control apparatus and wire controller |
CN104218975A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-17 | 深圳市镭润科技有限公司 | Power line carrier communication method and information transmitting device |
CN104218975B (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2017-02-08 | 深圳市镭润科技有限公司 | Power line carrier communication method and information transmitting device |
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