CN1185992C

CN1185992C - Rolling artificial knee joint

Info

Publication number: CN1185992C
Application number: CN 02137177
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于仲嘉; 王成焘
Original assignee: Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital
Current assignee: Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital
Priority date: 2002-09-26
Filing date: 2002-09-26
Publication date: 2005-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 2022-09-26
Also published as: CN1403064A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rolling artificial knee joint which belongs to the field of an artificial joint. The present invention mainly comprises a thighbone component, a rolling body, a mandrel and a tibia component, and has the following connecting mode: the thighbone component and the mandrel are respectively provided with two rolling paths; corresponding rolling paths are combined to form an annular space whose both cross sections are circular; the rolling body is arranged in the annular space; the tibia component is connected with the mandrel; the mandrel is positioned into the inner condylus and the outer condylus of the thighbone component. The thighbone component, the rolling body and the mandrel form a structure which is equivalent to two rolling bearings. The present invention has substantial characteristics and obvious progress. The abrasion of a prosthesis is reduced by the present invention, the service life of the rolling artificial knee joint is extended, and the production cost of the rolling artificial knee joint is lowered. The biotoxicity of polyethylene is avoided. The rolling artificial knee joint meets the treatment requirements of extensive domestic patients, and has obvious social benefit and considerable economic benefit.

Description

Rolling artificial knee joint

Technical field

What the present invention relates to is a kind of artificial knee joint, and particularly a kind of rolling artificial knee joint belongs to the artificial joint field.

Background technology

The restricted property of the existing basic structure of artificial knee joint, half restricted and non-limiting three kinds of prostheses.Their structure has nothing in common with each other, but the sliding friction mode that articular surface all adopts between strand tibia.The defective of these artificial knee joints is: (1) for reducing the coefficient of friction between the articulatio femorotibialis face, it is friction pair that artificial knee joint adopts the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene of low-friction coefficient and metal mostly.But the wear extent of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is big, easily causes lose efficacy the long term of prosthese.And its abrasive particle can cause that thereby serious bone dissolution phenomena causes in the prosthese, long-term loosening rate height, and the service life of artificial joint is shortened.(2) restricted prosthese is only limited to the single plane activity, causes that very easily prosthese-bone cement-osseous tissue interface's stress abnormality is concentrated.In, complication rate height such as prosthetic loosening at a specified future date, infection.(3) half restricted, non-limiting prosthese has a polyethylene platform usually.Smooth polyethylene platform is little to the knee joint active level, but articulatio femorotibialis is a contact when going down on one's knees activity, and local compressive stress load increases greatly, increases the weight of polyethylene wear, influences its service life.Cup-shaped and curvature and condyle of femur profile are complementary as fruit polyethylene platform articular surface, increase the contact of articulatio femorotibialis face, though can reduce the compressive stress load of joint unit are, but this design has also limited joint motions simultaneously, particularly rotatablely move, cause that prosthese-bone cement-osseous tissue interface's stress increases.Find by literature search, H.ThabeBad Kreuznach.Germany writes articles " Mobile Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty (movable first quarter moon template total knee arthroplasty) " at " the 7th the academic meeting of national artificial joint and international Conference collection of thesis " pp112-115, this article has proposed a kind of Design Conception of movable first quarter moon template artificial knee joint, in order to the contradiction between matching and range of motion between the solution articular surface, poly wear problem can solve by the improvement to poly manufacturing process and additive, but it is because very strict to the medical implants material requirements, the improvement of material and get the nod be very the difficulty thing, and it still can't avoid poly wear problem, in addition, also to have increased a new eroded area be exactly wearing and tearing between substrate and poly movable meniscus to this artificial knee joint.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art and defective, a kind of rolling artificial knee joint is provided, utilize the rolling bearing principle, frictional resistance when making it effectively reduce the joint flexion movement, this had both reduced to be delivered to the power on the marrow internal fixation long handle, thereby reduce the stress between prosthese-bone interface, greatly reduced the wear extent of vitallium again, the quantity and the granular size of metal filings are reduced, and, this prosthese does not adopt polyethylene part, thereby has avoided the appearance of polyethylene abrasive particle fully, has avoided poly bio-toxicity effect.The present invention realizes according to following technical scheme, mainly comprise: femoral component, rolling element, axle and tibial component, its connected mode is: two raceways are respectively arranged on femoral component and the axle, corresponding raceway is combined to form two cross sections and is circular annulus, rolling element is arranged in the annulus, the columnar protrusions part of tibial component is connected with the shrinkage pool of axle, put into 16 ceramic balls (rolling element) in each annulus, femoral component, rolling element, axle three has formed the structure that is equal to two rolling bearings on the function, form the flexion movement of artificial knee joint, in this motion, owing to rolling element rotates along with the rotation of femoral component and makes spinning motion simultaneously, so femoral component, friction mode between rolling element and the axle three is rolling friction.

Femoral component comprises: do in the marrow, femur platform, interior ectocondyle, raceway, filling slot, its connected mode is: doing in marrow, each position of femoral component is as a whole, process by Digit Control Machine Tool, interior ectocondyle is positioned at the left and right sides of femoral component, be the approximate circle tubulose, both back upper places link to each other by the femur platform, raceway and filling slot are arranged in two condyles, pass through thread connection, do with the femur platform linking together in the marrow, so in actual use, can match interior the doing of marrow of different length and diameter.Interior the doing of marrow becomes 9 ° of inclination angles with the centre of body weight line, moves towards parallel with pulp cavity, in case do the bump cortical bone in the marrow, the femur platform is vertical with the health axis, interior ectocondyle equal and opposite in direction, and the space is provided with axle and rolling element in the condyle, and the three constitutes rolling bearing structure jointly.

Axle comprises: protruding sphere, shrinkage pool, raceway, filling slot, end cap, its connected mode is: there is a protruding sphere at the axle middle part, with the concave spherical surface coupling transmission power on the tibial component, there is a shrinkage pool in sphere central authorities, with columnar protrusions on tibial component coupling, with transmitting movement and prevent dislocation, the axle two ends have and corresponding raceway of femoral component and filling slot, the end cap at two ends and axle, refill on axle after rolling bearing structure assembles with being threaded.

Tibial component comprises: do in the columnar protrusions, symmetric form tibial plateau, marrow, tibial prosthesis face, convex, its connected mode is: the convex that a concave spherical surface is arranged in the middle of the tibial prosthesis, there is a columnar protrusions in concave spherical surface central authorities, the convex both sides are tibial prosthesis surfaces, it is with condyle of femur outer surface plesiomorphism but do not contact, in marrow, doing, each position of tibial component is as a whole, process by Digit Control Machine Tool, pass through thread connection, do with tibial plateau linking together in the marrow, so in actual use, can match interior the doing of marrow of different length and diameter.

Tibial plateau is vertical with the health axis, do with the health axis in the marrow 3 ° of angles are arranged, with dried in the femur marrow 6 ° of angles are arranged, parallel with the lower limb line of force, the protruding sphere of the convex of concave spherical surface and axle middle part is fitted fully, by the power between this contact surface transmission articulatio femorotibialis face, this sphere contact has simultaneously guaranteed that can there be 20 ° interior outward turning and 10 ° interior abduction exercise in the joint in flexion movement, and because contact surface is a sphere, still maintenance face contact of shin femoral joint when going down on one's knees activity, the phenomenon that local compressive stress load increases can not occur, thereby reduce the prosthese wearing and tearing, increase the service life, columnar protrusions inserts in the shrinkage pool of axle correspondence, the gravity that columnar protrusions is not transmitted by the articulatio femorotibialis face, rolling element is that diameter is the SiN bearing ball of 4.763mm, amounts to 32.

When assembling femoral component, rolling element, axle, earlier the filling slot on the axle is forwarded to relative with filling slot on the femoral component, form to be communicated with axle and condyle of femur end face and corresponding to the cylindrical pipe between the raceway of this end face, the slightly larger in diameter of this cylindrical pipe is in the rolling element diameter, by this cylindrical pipe rolling element is put into raceway one by one, after rolling element has been adorned, again the shrinkage pool on the axle sphere is forwarded to the place that femoral component can not block it can be assembled with tibial component, load onto the end cap at axle two ends at last.Before the operation, femoral component, rolling element, axle assembled becomes prosthese top, in the operation, after being contained in prosthese top and tibial component on patient's femur and the tibia respectively, the columnar protrusions of tibial component is partly aimed in the shrinkage pool on the axle sphere position insert and get final product, be no more than 180 ° because knee joint is stretched the scope of bending, two filling slots overlap the formation cylindrical pipe never again, after guaranteeing that artificial joint assembles, rolling element can not break away from raceway from filling slot.

The invention belongs to half restricted prosthese, have stretch in the wrong, rotation, in three motions of turning up, nodel line back upper place, hinge rotation axis Pianguan County makes the approaching normal kneed model of action of model of action energy of prosthese, thereby prosthese-bone cement-osseous tissue interface's stress is effectively reduced.Femoral component and tibial component and axle have all adopted vitallium to make, inner rolling element adopts the SiN ceramic balls with high strength and best bright finish of special polishing, because pottery itself is a non-conductor, there is not electrochemical reaction between these two kinds of materials, thereby effectively reduces the surface corrosion phenomenon.

The present invention has substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement, and the present invention has reduced the prosthese wearing and tearing, has prolonged service life, reduced production cost, avoid poly bio-toxicity effect, satisfied vast domestic patient's treatment demand, had obvious social and considerable economic.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 structural representation of the present invention

Fig. 2 femoral component structural representation of the present invention

Fig. 3 mandrel structure sketch map of the present invention

Fig. 4 tibial component structural representation of the present invention

The specific embodiment

As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, the present invention mainly comprises: femoral component 1, rolling element 2, axle 3 and tibial component 4, its connected mode is: two raceways 12 and 16 are respectively arranged on femoral component 1 and the axle 3, corresponding raceway is combined to form two cross sections and is circular annulus 5, rolling element 2 is arranged in the annulus 5, the columnar protrusions part 19 of tibial component 4 is connected with the shrinkage pool 15 of axle 3, axle 3 is in the interior ectocondyle 11 of femoral component 1, and femoral component 1, rolling element 2, axle 3 threes have formed the structure that is equal to two rolling bearings.

Femoral component 1 comprises: do 9 in the marrow, femur platform 10, interior ectocondyle 11, raceway 12, filling slot 13, its connected mode is: do in marrow 9, femoral component 1 each position is as a whole, interior ectocondyle 11 is positioned at the left and right sides of femoral component 1, be the approximate circle tubulose, both back upper places link to each other by femur platform 10, and raceway 12 and filling slot 13 are arranged in the interior ectocondyle 11, by thread connection, marrow interior dried 9 and femur platform 10 link together.Do 9 in the marrow and become 9 ° of inclination angles with the centre of body weight line, move towards parallel with pulp cavity, femur platform 10 is vertical with the health axis, interior ectocondyle 11 equal and opposite in directions, and the space is provided with axle 3 and rolling element 2 in the condyle.

Axle 3 comprises: protruding sphere 14, shrinkage pool 15, raceway 16, filling slot 17, end cap 18, its connected mode is: there is a protruding sphere 14 at axle 3 middle parts, there is a shrinkage pool 15 in sphere 14 central authorities, with columnar protrusions 19 couplings on the tibial component 4, axle 3 two ends have and femoral component 1 corresponding raceway 16 and filling slot 17, the end cap 18 at two ends and axle 3 be by being threaded, and the filling slot 17 on the axle 3 is relative with filling slot 13 on the femoral component 1, forms cylindrical pipe.

Tibial component 4 comprises: do 21 in the columnar protrusions 19, symmetric form tibial plateau 20, marrow, tibial prosthesis face 22, convex 23, its connected mode is: the convex 23 that a concave spherical surface is arranged in the middle of the tibial prosthesis, there is a columnar protrusions 19 in concave spherical surface central authorities, convex 23 both sides are tibial prosthesis faces 22, press natural joint form coupling with the condyle of femur outer surface, do 21 in marrow, tibial component 4 each position are as a whole, by thread connection, marrow interior dried 21 and symmetric form tibial plateau 20 link together.

Tibial plateau 20 is vertical with the health axis, and doing 21 in the marrow has 3 ° of angles with the health axis, and does 9 in the femur marrow 6 ° of angles are arranged, and parallel with the lower limb line of force, the convex 23 and the protruding sphere 14 in axle 3 middle parts of concave spherical surface are fitted fully, and contact surface is a sphere.

Claims

1, a kind of rolling artificial knee joint, comprise: femoral component (1), axle (3) and tibial component (4), it is characterized in that also comprising: rolling element (2), its connected mode is: on femoral component (1) and the axle (3) two raceways (12 are arranged respectively, 16), corresponding raceway (12,16) be combined to form two cross sections and be circular annulus (5), rolling element (2) is arranged in the annulus (5), on femoral component (1) and the axle (3) filling slot (13 is arranged all, 17), two filling slots (13,17) form cylindrical pipe relatively; The columnar protrusions (19) of tibial component (4) is connected with the shrinkage pool (15) of axle (3), axle (3) is in the interior ectocondyle (11) of femoral component (1), and femoral component (1), rolling element (2), axle (3) three have formed the structure that is equal to two rolling bearings.

2, rolling artificial knee joint according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, femoral component (1) comprising: do in the marrow (9), femur platform (10), interior ectocondyle (11), raceway (12), filling slot (13), its connected mode is: except that doing in the marrow (9), each position of femoral component (1) is as a whole, interior ectocondyle (11) is positioned at the left and right sides of femoral component (1), be the pipe shape, both back upper places link to each other by femur platform (10), raceway (12) and filling slot (13) are arranged in the interior ectocondyle (11), by thread connection, the femur platform (10) of doing (9) and femoral component (1) in the marrow links together.

3, rolling artificial knee joint according to claim 2 is characterized in that, does (9) in the marrow and becomes 9 ° of inclination angles with the centre of body weight line, move towards parallel with pulp cavity, femur platform (10) is vertical with the health axis, interior ectocondyle (11) equal and opposite in direction, and the space is provided with axle (3) and rolling element (2) in the condyle.

4, rolling artificial knee joint according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, axle (3) comprising: protruding sphere (14), shrinkage pool (15), raceway (16), filling slot (17), end cap (18), its connected mode is: there is a protruding sphere (14) at axle (3) middle part, there is a shrinkage pool (15) in sphere (14) central authorities, with columnar protrusions (19) coupling on the tibial component (4), axle (3) two ends have and corresponding raceway (16) of femoral component (1) and filling slot (17), the end cap at two ends (18) and axle (3) are by being threaded, filling slot (17) on the axle (3) is relative with filling slot (13) on the femoral component (1), forms cylindrical pipe.

5, rolling artificial knee joint according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, tibial component (4) comprising: columnar protrusions (19), symmetric form tibial plateau (20), do in the marrow (21), tibial prosthesis face (22), convex (23), its connected mode is: the convex (23) that a concave spherical surface is arranged in the middle of the tibial prosthesis, there is a columnar protrusions (19) in concave spherical surface central authorities, convex (23) both sides are tibial prosthesis face (22), press natural joint form coupling with the condyle of femur outer surface, except that doing in the marrow (21), each position of tibial component (4) is as a whole, by thread connection, do (21) in the marrow and link together with symmetric form tibial plateau (20).

6, rolling artificial knee joint according to claim 5 is characterized in that, tibial plateau (20) is vertical with the health axis, and doing (21) in the marrow has 3 ° of angles with the health axis, with doing (9) in the femur marrow 6 ° of angles is arranged, and is parallel with the lower limb line of force.

7, rolling artificial knee joint according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the convex of concave spherical surface (23) is fitted fully with axle (3) the protruding sphere in middle part (14), and contact surface is a sphere.