CN118445523A - Dynamic measurement method based on the working state between vibratory roller and compacted material - Google Patents
Dynamic measurement method based on the working state between vibratory roller and compacted material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于振动压路机与压实材料间作业状态的动力学量测方法，包括如下步骤：预设建立数学模型前的参数状态；基于沥青混合料的力学模型分析建立振动力学方程；基于路面力学模型建立沥青混合料路面的等效刚度关系式；计算求解沥青混合料路面的等效刚度，以及振动轮和沥青混合料路面间的等效阻尼；针对振动压路机进行参数分析，建立并求解线性振动压实动力学方程。解决了现有技术中在针对压实过程中的压路机与被压实材料间的非线性动态关系进行计算时，其数学模型建立复杂，计算量显著增加的问题。
The present invention discloses a dynamic measurement method based on the working state between a vibrating roller and compacted materials, comprising the following steps: presetting the parameter state before establishing a mathematical model; establishing a vibration dynamics equation based on the mechanical model analysis of the asphalt mixture; establishing an equivalent stiffness relationship of the asphalt mixture pavement based on the pavement mechanical model; calculating and solving the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement, and the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement; performing parameter analysis on the vibrating roller, establishing and solving the linear vibration compaction dynamics equation. This solves the problem in the prior art that when calculating the nonlinear dynamic relationship between the roller and the compacted material during the compaction process, the mathematical model is complicated to establish and the amount of calculation is significantly increased.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及沥青混合材料压实作业技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种基于振动压路机与压实材料间作业状态的动力学量测方法。The invention relates to the technical field of asphalt mixed material compaction operations, and in particular to a dynamic measurement method based on the operating state between a vibratory roller and compacted materials.
背景技术Background technique
传统的压实度破坏性检测方法主要有环刀法、灌砂法、水袋法、蜡封法四种。虽然运用这四种方法的测量精度较高，但进行检测时都需要对被检测路基或路面作一定程度的破坏，且存在检测点少和具有滞后性不可避免的缺点。There are four traditional methods for compaction destructive testing: the knife ring method, the sand filling method, the water bag method, and the wax sealing method. Although these four methods have high measurement accuracy, they all require a certain degree of damage to the roadbed or road surface being tested, and there are also the disadvantages of a small number of test points and inevitable hysteresis.
当前在振动压路机作业时，其振动轮的动态性能和压实效果不仅取决于振动压路机自身的结构参数，而且与压实材料的性质也同样密切相关。Currently, when a vibratory roller is in operation, the dynamic performance and compaction effect of its vibratory wheel not only depend on the structural parameters of the vibratory roller itself, but are also closely related to the properties of the compacted material.
为了研究振动压路机的振动参数与被压实材料压实状况间的关系，对其建立数学模型进行研究。经现有分析可知，结构较为简单的振动压路机都存在6个以上自由度。建模时如果将所有的自由度纳入其中，虽然理论上其计算精度高，但随之而来的问题是模型变得更加复杂，计算量显著增加。In order to study the relationship between the vibration parameters of the vibratory roller and the compaction condition of the compacted material, a mathematical model was established for research. According to existing analysis, vibratory rollers with relatively simple structures have more than 6 degrees of freedom. If all degrees of freedom are included in the modeling, although the calculation accuracy is high in theory, the problem that follows is that the model becomes more complicated and the amount of calculation increases significantly.
而且，受到被压实材料的多变性、随机性、数学处理的局限性，以及各自由度对应部分对材料压实影响的差异等因素的作用，多自由度模型并不能理想地反映压实过程中压路机与被压实材料之间的非线性动态关系。Moreover, due to the variability and randomness of the compacted materials, the limitations of mathematical processing, and the differences in the influence of the corresponding parts of each degree of freedom on material compaction, the multi-degree-of-freedom model cannot ideally reflect the nonlinear dynamic relationship between the roller and the compacted material during the compaction process.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为此，本发明提供了一种基于振动压路机与压实材料间作业状态的动力学量测方法，以解决现有技术中在针对压实过程中的压路机与被压实材料间的非线性动态关系进行计算时，其数学模型建立复杂，计算量显著增加的技术问题。To this end, the present invention provides a dynamic measurement method based on the operating status between a vibratory roller and the compacted material, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that when calculating the nonlinear dynamic relationship between the roller and the compacted material during the compaction process, the mathematical model is complex to establish and the amount of calculation is significantly increased.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种基于振动压路机与压实材料间作业状态的动力学量测方法，具体包括如下步骤：A dynamic measurement method based on the working state between a vibratory roller and compacted materials comprises the following steps:
预设建立数学模型前的参数状态；Preset the parameter status before establishing the mathematical model;
基于沥青混合料的力学模型分析建立振动力学方程；Establish the vibration dynamics equation based on the mechanical model analysis of asphalt mixture;
基于路面力学模型建立沥青混合料路面的等效刚度关系式；The equivalent stiffness relationship of asphalt mixture pavement is established based on the pavement mechanics model;
计算求解沥青混合料路面的等效刚度，以及振动轮和沥青混合料路面间的等效阻尼；Calculate the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement and the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
针对振动压路机进行参数分析，建立并求解线性振动压实动力学方程。Parameter analysis is performed on vibratory rollers, and the linear vibration compaction dynamics equation is established and solved.
在上述技术方案的基础上，对本发明做如下进一步说明：On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention is further described as follows:
作为本发明的进一步方案，所述预设建立数学模型前的参数状态，具体包括：As a further solution of the present invention, the parameter state before the mathematical model is preset specifically includes:
被压铺层材料被视作具有一定刚度和阻尼的弹性体，其阻尼是线性阻尼；The pressed ply material is regarded as an elastic body with certain stiffness and damping, and its damping is linear damping;
将振动压路简化为具有一定质量的质量集中块；Simplify the vibratory roller into a mass concentrated block with a certain mass;
振动压路机在压实过程中始终与地面保持紧密接触。The vibratory roller always maintains close contact with the ground during the compaction process.
作为本发明的进一步方案，所述基于沥青混合料的力学模型分析建立振动力学方程，具体包括：As a further solution of the present invention, the vibration dynamics equation is established based on the mechanical model analysis of asphalt mixture, specifically including:
分析沥青混合料路面压实作业，得到沥青混合料在碾压前期表现为黏弹塑性，即弹塑性阶段，在弹塑性阶段表现为非线性变化的动态压实数学特征；By analyzing the compaction operation of asphalt mixture pavement, it is found that the asphalt mixture exhibits viscoelastic plasticity in the early stage of rolling, that is, the elastic-plastic stage, and exhibits nonlinear dynamic compaction mathematical characteristics in the elastic-plastic stage;
分析混合料非线性变化的动态压实数学特征，通过黏弹塑性与塑性物体按序表征沥青混合料的力学表现，建立同步等效于沥青混合料的力学模型；Analyze the mathematical characteristics of dynamic compaction of mixture with nonlinear changes, characterize the mechanical performance of asphalt mixture by viscoelastic-plastic and plastic objects in sequence, and establish a mechanical model that is synchronously equivalent to asphalt mixture;
将沥青混合料在振动压路机作用下简化为路面力学模型，表示出振动力学方程：The asphalt mixture under the action of the vibratory roller is simplified into a pavement mechanics model, and the vibration dynamics equation is expressed as:
式中：F0sin(ωt)-振动压路机激振力；Where: F 0 sin(ωt)-vibratory roller exciting force;
m2-沥青混合料路面等效质量；m 2 - equivalent mass of asphalt mixture pavement;
-瞬时振动加速度； - instantaneous vibration acceleration;
ω-偏心块旋转减速度；ω-eccentric mass rotation deceleration;
c2-振动轮与沥青混合料路面间等效阻尼；c 2 - equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
k-沥青混合料路面的等效刚度。k- equivalent stiffness of asphalt mixture pavement.
作为本发明的进一步方案，所述基于路面力学模型建立沥青混合料路面的等效刚度关系式，具体包括：As a further solution of the present invention, the equivalent stiffness relationship of the asphalt mixture pavement is established based on the pavement mechanics model, specifically including:
使用弹性力学方法求解可知，接触面反力N＝kfx；Using the elastic mechanics method to solve, we know that the contact surface reaction force N = kfx;
其中，f为复变函数，k为沥青混合料路面的等效刚度，将k设置为由沥青混合料路面的回弹模量E和沥青混合料泊松比μ共同决定；Wherein, f is a complex function, k is the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement, and k is set to be determined by the rebound modulus E of the asphalt mixture pavement and the Poisson's ratio μ of the asphalt mixture;
则所述沥青混合料路面的等效刚度关系式，表示为：Then the equivalent stiffness relationship of the asphalt mixture pavement is expressed as:
式中：E-沥青混合料路面的回弹模量；Where: E-resilience modulus of asphalt mixture pavement;
r-接触面等效圆半径；r-equivalent circle radius of contact surface;
μ-混合料泊松比，取值0.35；μ-Poisson's ratio of mixture, the value is 0.35;
由于在实际压实作业时，振动轮与沥青混合料的接触面形状近似长方形，无法符合建模形状要求，因此利用等效面积换算方法将其接触面按面积值等效换算为圆形，该圆称之为接触面等效圆，接触面等效圆半径即为r；During the actual compaction operation, the contact surface between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture is approximately rectangular, which cannot meet the modeling shape requirements. Therefore, the equivalent area conversion method is used to convert the contact surface into a circle according to the area value. This circle is called the contact surface equivalent circle, and the radius of the contact surface equivalent circle is r.
将振动压路机的振动轮宽度设为L，振动轮和沥青混合料路面接触弧长设为D，由此可知振动轮和沥青混合料路面两者间的接触面积S＝LD，其对应的等效圆面积S＝LD＝πr2，反推等效圆半径系数经优化修正后振动轮与沥青混合料路面接触弧长D利用三角函数关系表示为，D＝Rsinβ，由此求得等效圆半径r值，即：The width of the vibrating wheel of the vibrating roller is set as L, and the contact arc length between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture road surface is set as D. It can be known that the contact area between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture road surface is S = LD, and the corresponding equivalent circle area is S = LD = πr 2 , and the equivalent circle radius is inversely calculated as After optimization and correction, the coefficient The arc length D of the contact between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement is expressed by the trigonometric function relationship as follows: D = Rsinβ, from which the equivalent circle radius r is obtained:
式中：R-振动轮半径；Where: R-vibration wheel radius;
β-振动轮与混合料接触点切线与水平方向的夹角，查阅规范β取值6°。β - The angle between the tangent line of the contact point between the vibration wheel and the mixture and the horizontal direction. According to the specification, the value of β is 6°.
作为本发明的进一步方案，所述计算求解沥青混合料路面的等效刚度，以及振动轮和沥青混合料路面间的等效阻尼，具体包括：As a further solution of the present invention, the calculation and solution of the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement and the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement specifically includes:
根据基于路面力学模型分析得到沥青混合料路面的等效刚度关系表达式以及等效圆半径r，由此进一步得到沥青混合料路面的等效刚度以及振动轮和沥青混合料路面间的等效阻尼的计算公式；The equivalent stiffness relationship expression of asphalt mixture pavement is obtained based on the pavement mechanics model analysis. and the equivalent circle radius r, from which the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement and the calculation formula of the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement are further obtained;
具体为，把式(3)代入式(2)得到沥青混合料路面的等效刚度关系式：Specifically, substituting equation (3) into equation (2) yields the equivalent stiffness relationship of the asphalt mixture pavement:
并同步建立振动轮和沥青混合料路面间的等效阻尼计算式：And simultaneously establish the equivalent damping calculation formula between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement:
式中：c2-振动轮和沥青混合料路面间的等效阻尼；Where: c 2 - equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
η-沥青混合料阻尼比，参考规范取值为0.1；η-damping ratio of asphalt mixture, the reference standard value is 0.1;
k-沥青混合料路面的等效刚度；k- equivalent stiffness of asphalt mixture pavement;
m2-沥青混合料路面/振动轮等效质量；m 2 - equivalent mass of asphalt mixture pavement/vibrating wheel;
-附加质量系数，采用插值法得其值为0.0117； -Additional mass coefficient, the value obtained by interpolation is 0.0117;
进一步建立沥青混合料的随振质量关系式，由沥青混合料路面/振动轮的等效质量m2和附加质量系数表示为：The vibration mass relationship of asphalt mixture is further established, which is based on the equivalent mass m2 of asphalt mixture pavement/vibrating wheel and the additional mass coefficient Expressed as:
作为本发明的进一步方案，所述针对振动压路机进行参数分析，建立并求解线性振动压实动力学方程，具体包括：As a further solution of the present invention, the parameter analysis of the vibratory roller and the establishment and solution of the linear vibration compaction dynamics equation specifically include:
建立振动压路机机架与振动轮的质量分配公式；Establish the mass distribution formula between the frame and the vibrating wheel of the vibratory roller;
建立振动频率参数公式；Establish the vibration frequency parameter formula;
分析振动压路机的激振力；Analyze the exciting force of vibratory roller;
建立线性振动压实动力学方程；Establish linear vibration compaction dynamic equation;
求解线性振动压实动力学方程。Solve the linear vibration compaction dynamics equations.
作为本发明的进一步方案，所述建立振动压路机机架与振动轮的质量分配公式，具体包括：As a further solution of the present invention, the mass distribution formula of the vibratory roller frame and the vibratory wheel is established, specifically including:
针对不同组振动压路机的上下车质量比记录，振动压路机机架和振动轮分配比值为1.4时，振动压路机对沥青混合料路面的压实效果达到最佳，m1和m2分别为机架质量和振动轮等效质量，由此列出质量分配公式：According to the records of the upper and lower mass ratios of different groups of vibratory rollers, when the distribution ratio of the vibratory roller frame and the vibratory wheel is 1.4, the compaction effect of the vibratory roller on the asphalt mixture pavement is the best. m1 and m2 are the frame mass and the equivalent mass of the vibratory wheel, respectively. The mass distribution formula is listed as follows:
m1/m2＝1.4 (7)m 1 /m 2 =1.4 (7)
所述建立振动频率参数公式，具体包括：The formula for establishing the vibration frequency parameter specifically includes:
振动压路机的振动频率分为高频和低频两种工作状态，根据被压沥青混合料路面性质选用高频或低频振动频率进行压实作业，建立振动频率参数公式：The vibration frequency of the vibratory roller is divided into two working states: high frequency and low frequency. According to the properties of the compacted asphalt mixture pavement, high frequency or low frequency vibration frequency is selected for compaction operation, and the vibration frequency parameter formula is established:
f＝n/60 (8)f=n/60 (8)
ω＝2πf＝πn/30 (9)ω=2πf=πn/30 (9)
式中：f-压路机振动频率，HZ；Where: f-roller vibration frequency, HZ;
ω-振动轮角速度，rad/s；ω-angular velocity of vibration wheel, rad/s;
T-压路机振动周期，s；T-Road roller vibration period, s;
n-振动器转速，r/min。n-vibrator speed, r/min.
作为本发明的进一步方案，所述分析振动压路机的激振力，具体包括：As a further solution of the present invention, the analysis of the exciting force of the vibratory roller specifically includes:
通过振动轮的偏心块与振动轮角速度建立振动压路机的激振力大小关系式，表示为：The relationship between the exciting force of the vibrating roller is established through the eccentric block of the vibrating wheel and the angular velocity of the vibrating wheel, which is expressed as:
F0＝Meω2 (11)F 0 ＝ Me ω 2 (11)
式中：F0-振动压路机激振力；Where: F 0 - vibration roller exciting force;
Me-振动轮静偏心距； Me - static eccentricity of the vibration wheel;
ω-振动轮角速度。ω- angular velocity of the vibration wheel.
作为本发明的进一步方案，所述建立线性振动压实动力学方程，具体包括：As a further solution of the present invention, the establishment of the linear vibration compaction dynamics equation specifically includes:
建立“振动压路机-压实材料”二自由度线性振动压实动力学方程组：Establish the two-degree-of-freedom linear vibration compaction dynamic equations of "vibratory roller-compacted material":
方程组中：In the system of equations:
m11-上车质量，kg；m22-下车质量，kg；m33/m3-沥青混合料的随振质量，kg；m 11 - mass of vehicle on board, kg; m 22 - mass of vehicle off board, kg; m 33 /m 3 - vibration mass of asphalt mixture, kg;
ω-激振频率，rad/s；F0-激振力，N；ω-excitation frequency, rad/s; F 0 -excitation force, N;
k1、k2(K1、K2)-减震器、铺层材料刚度，N/m；C1、C2-减震器、铺层材料阻尼，Ns/m；x1、x2、x3-上下车、随振材料瞬时位移，m；k 1 , k 2 (K 1 , K 2 ) - shock absorber, ply material stiffness, N/m; C 1 , C 2 - shock absorber, ply material damping, Ns/m; x 1 , x 2 , x 3 - instantaneous displacement of boarding and alighting, vibration-following material, m;
-上车速度(m/s)、加速度(m/s2)； - Boarding speed (m/s), acceleration (m/s 2 );
-下车速度(m/s)、加速度(m/s2)； -Getting off speed (m/s), acceleration (m/s 2 );
解上述方程组可得：Solving the above system of equations yields:
式中：A1＝K1-m11ω2，B1＝C1ω；Where: A 1 =K 1 -m 11 ω 2 , B 1 =C 1 ω;
A2＝K1，B2＝C1ω2；A 2 =K 1 , B 2 =C 1 ω 2 ;
C＝(m22+m33)m1ω4-(m22+m33)K1ω2-muK2ω2-C1C2ω2+K1K2-m11K1ω2；C＝(m 22 +m 33 )m 1 ω 4 -(m 22 +m 33 )K 1 ω 2 -m u K 2 ω 2 -C 1 C 2 ω 2 +K 1 K 2 -m 11 K 1 ω 2 ;
D＝K2C1ω+K1C2ω-(m22+m33)C1ω3-m11C1ω3-m11C2ω3；D＝K 2 C 1 ω+K 1 C 2 ω-(m 22 +m 33 )C 1 ω 3 -m 11 C 1 ω 3 -m 11 C 2 ω 3 ;
振动系统无阻尼状态下的一阶、二阶固有频率(角频率)ω1、ω2分别为：The first-order and second-order natural frequencies (angular frequencies) ω 1 and ω 2 of the vibration system in the undamped state are:
式中：G＝(m22+m33)K1+m11K2+m11K1。Wherein: G＝(m 22 +m 33 )K 1 +m 11 K 2 +m 11 K 1 .
由式(15)可知，当振动压路机的振动频率和振幅不变时，振动轮垂直方向上的振动加速度幅值只与被压实材料的刚度(K)和阻尼(C)相关；It can be seen from formula (15) that when the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibratory roller remain unchanged, the vibration acceleration amplitude in the vertical direction of the vibrating wheel is only related to the stiffness (K) and damping (C) of the compacted material;
被压实材料的刚度和阻尼随着压实的进行是不断改变的，所以振动加速度幅值也是一个随之不断改变的动态值；刚度是指反映结构或材料受力时抵抗弹性变形的能力，通过刚度间接反映被压实材料的压实状况，因此，与被作用材料刚度存在相关关系的振动加速度能反映被压实材料的压实状态。The stiffness and damping of the compacted material are constantly changing as the compaction proceeds, so the amplitude of the vibration acceleration is also a dynamic value that changes continuously. Stiffness refers to the ability of a structure or material to resist elastic deformation when subjected to force, and the compaction condition of the compacted material is indirectly reflected through the stiffness. Therefore, the vibration acceleration that is correlated with the stiffness of the material being acted on can reflect the compaction condition of the compacted material.
作为本发明的进一步方案，所述求解线性振动压实动力学方程，具体包括：As a further solution of the present invention, the solving of the linear vibration compaction dynamics equation specifically includes:
以接触力学理论为基础，引入新参数α代替振幅大小进而表征非线性弹簧的变化性质，利于求解出振动响应周期，以此说明频率结构在振动反馈信号中的复杂性；因此，得到非线性振动压实抵抗力表达为：Based on the contact mechanics theory, a new parameter α is introduced to replace the amplitude to characterize the changing nature of the nonlinear spring, which is conducive to solving the vibration response period, thereby illustrating the complexity of the frequency structure in the vibration feedback signal; therefore, the nonlinear vibration compaction resistance is expressed as:
将式(19)联立式(6)，y＝x2、经推导变形可转化为动力学方程：Combining equation (19) with equation (6), y = x 2 , The derived deformation can be transformed into the dynamic equation:
对上述方程采用正规摄动法求近似解，当α＝0时，将原系统的非线性方程(20)转化为派生系统的线性方程：The normal perturbation method is used to find the approximate solution of the above equation. When α = 0, the nonlinear equation (20) of the original system is transformed into the linear equation of the derived system:
该转化原理为：以式(20)作为式(19)的派生系统，派生系统的固有频率为ω0，若是原系统存在周期解，则在派生系统周期解y0(t)的基础上进行适当修正，从而形成原系统的周期解y0(t,a)；The transformation principle is: take equation (20) as the derived system of equation (19), the natural frequency of the derived system is ω 0 , if the original system has a periodic solution, then make appropriate corrections based on the periodic solution y 0 (t) of the derived system, so as to form the periodic solution y 0 (t, a) of the original system;
以参数α对周期解y0(t,a)按幂级数展开：The periodic solution y 0 (t,a) is expanded in a power series with parameter α:
y0(t,a)＝y0(t)+ay1(t)+a2y2(t)+T (22)y 0 (t,a)＝y 0 (t)+ay 1 (t)+a 2 y 2 (t)+T (22)
把式(22)带入式(21)，得到线性微分方程组如下：Substituting equation (22) into equation (21), we get the following linear differential equations:
关于式α的线性微分方程组(23)中a1～an都无限接近a0，此状态下振动压实过程中阻尼等效刚度为零，令A为振动轮振幅值，因此将振动轮响与激振力相关联，进而求得a0方程的近似解：In the linear differential equation group (23) of formula α, a 1 ~ an are infinitely close to a 0. In this state, the damping equivalent stiffness is zero during the vibration compaction process. Let A be the vibration wheel amplitude value. Therefore, the vibration wheel sound is associated with the exciting force, and then the approximate solution of the a 0 equation is obtained:
将式(24)中y0代入a1方程并使用三角函数降幂公式展开推导得到：Substituting y 0 in equation (24) into the equation a 1 and expanding it using the trigonometric function power reduction formula, we obtain:
令B1、B2分别为振动压路机振幅值，参照a0方程和周期函数求近似解方法，求得a1方程：Let B1 and B2 be the amplitude values of the vibratory roller, respectively, and refer to the a0 equation and the periodic function to find the approximate solution method to obtain the a1 equation:
按以上方程求解方法可求得a1～an线性微分方程组的所有近似解，再代入式(22)即可得原系统方程解：According to the above equation solving method, all approximate solutions of the linear differential equations of a 1 ~ a n can be obtained, and then substituted into equation (22) to obtain the solution of the original system equation:
y1＝(A+B1α+C1α2+…)sinωt+(B2α+C2α2+…)sin3ωt+(C3α2+…)sin5ωt+… (27)y 1 = (A+B 1 α+C 1 α 2 +…)sinωt+(B 2 α+C 2 α 2 +…)sin3ωt+(C 3 α 2 +…)sin5ωt+… (27)
利用方程(27)导数求解相对应的加速度与速度的方程表达式，若得其结果均与方程(27)相似，即结果出现了3ω、5ω...频率周期变化的振动响应，而没有出现2ω、4ω...频率周期变化的振动响应，则证明由沥青混合料复杂性决定了沥青混合料的非线性性质，区别于实测的频率成分，换言之，非线性振动压实模型无法准确无误的仿真振动压路机的碾压过程；The derivative of equation (27) is used to solve the corresponding equation expressions of acceleration and velocity. If the results are similar to equation (27), that is, the results show vibration responses with frequency periodic changes of 3ω, 5ω..., but no vibration responses with frequency periodic changes of 2ω, 4ω..., it is proved that the nonlinear properties of the asphalt mixture are determined by the complexity of the asphalt mixture, which is different from the measured frequency components. In other words, the nonlinear vibration compaction model cannot accurately simulate the rolling process of the vibratory roller;
在对沥青混合料进行碾压作业时，振动轮振动产生的激振力和自身质量均为恒定状态；振动轮反馈信号(振动加速度、速度、位移)会发生相应变化是因为沥青混合料与振动轮之间的相互作用时刻发生变化，因此不改变压路机振动参数时，通过检测振动轮反馈信号的变化，进一步分析沥青混合料结构自身抵抗力的变化规律，由此感知沥青混合料的压实状态。When the asphalt mixture is rolled, the exciting force generated by the vibration of the vibrating wheel and its own mass are both in a constant state; the feedback signal of the vibrating wheel (vibration acceleration, velocity, displacement) will change accordingly because the interaction between the asphalt mixture and the vibrating wheel changes all the time. Therefore, when the vibration parameters of the roller are not changed, the change in the feedback signal of the vibrating wheel is detected to further analyze the change law of the resistance of the asphalt mixture structure itself, thereby sensing the compaction state of the asphalt mixture.
本发明具有如下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
该方法能够以动力学方法作为理论基础，量测系统作为技术手段，在“振动压路机-被压材料”动力学模型理论分析的基础上，针对沥青混合料在压实作业时的实时连续检测技术，通过量测获取压路机的动态变化反馈信号(振动加速度、速度、位移)表征压实信息，即，通过获取振动压实作业中加速度反馈信号的频率组成和能量分布特征用以表征沥青混合料的压实状态信息，以此规避了繁杂的理论计算，能够实现对沥青混合料路面智能化施工。This method can use the dynamic method as the theoretical basis and the measurement system as the technical means. On the basis of the theoretical analysis of the "vibratory roller-compacted material" dynamic model, it aims at the real-time continuous detection technology of asphalt mixture during compaction operation. The compaction information is characterized by measuring the dynamic change feedback signal (vibration acceleration, velocity, displacement) of the roller. That is, the frequency composition and energy distribution characteristics of the acceleration feedback signal in the vibration compaction operation are obtained to characterize the compaction state information of the asphalt mixture, thereby avoiding complicated theoretical calculations and realizing the intelligent construction of asphalt mixture pavement.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明的实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，本说明书所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation mode of the present invention or the technical solution in the prior art, the drawings required for the implementation mode or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship or adjustment of size should still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.
图1为本发明实施例提供的基于振动压路机与压实材料间作业状态的动力学量测方法的整体流程示意图。FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall flow of a method for dynamic measurement of the working state between a vibratory roller and compacted materials provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例提供的基于振动压路机与压实材料间作业状态的动力学量测方法中路面力学模型的分析原理示意图之一。FIG. 2 is one of schematic diagrams of the analysis principle of the pavement mechanics model in the dynamic measurement method based on the working state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
图3为本发明实施例提供的基于振动压路机与压实材料间作业状态的动力学量测方法中路面力学模型的分析原理示意图之二。FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of the analysis principle of the pavement mechanics model in the dynamic measurement method based on the working state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
图4为本发明实施例提供的基于振动压路机与压实材料间作业状态的动力学量测方法中钢轮与混合料接触点的接触弧长示意图。4 is a schematic diagram of the contact arc length of the contact point between the steel wheel and the mixture in the dynamic measurement method based on the operating state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图5为本发明实施例提供的基于振动压路机与压实材料间作业状态的动力学量测方法中“振动压路机—被压材料”二自由度动力学模型的原理示意图。5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a two-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of “vibratory roller—compacted material” in a dynamic measurement method based on the operating state between a vibratory roller and compacted material provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
本说明书所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”等用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and "middle" used in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships should be regarded as within the scope of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.
振动压路机作业时，其振动轮的动态性能和压实效果不仅取决于振动压路机自身的结构参数，而且与压实材料的性质也同样密切相关。When a vibratory roller is operating, the dynamic performance and compaction effect of its vibratory wheel not only depend on the structural parameters of the vibratory roller itself, but are also closely related to the properties of the compacted material.
为了研究振动压路机的振动参数与被压实材料压实状况间的关系，对其建立数学模型进行研究。In order to study the relationship between the vibration parameters of the vibratory roller and the compaction status of the compacted material, a mathematical model was established and studied.
经现有分析可知，结构较为简单的振动压路机都存在6个以上自由度。According to the existing analysis, vibratory rollers with relatively simple structures have more than 6 degrees of freedom.
建模时如果将所有的自由度纳入其中，虽然理论上其计算精度高，但随之而来的问题是模型变得更加复杂，计算量显著增加。If all degrees of freedom are included in the modeling, although the calculation accuracy is high in theory, the problem that follows is that the model becomes more complex and the amount of calculation increases significantly.
而且受被压实材料的多变性、随机性、数学处理的局限性，以及各自由度对应部分对材料压实影响的差异等因素的作用，多自由度模型并不能理想的反映压实过程中压路机与被压实材料间的动态关系。Moreover, due to the variability and randomness of the compacted materials, the limitations of mathematical processing, and the differences in the effects of the corresponding parts of each degree of freedom on material compaction, the multi-degree-of-freedom model cannot ideally reflect the dynamic relationship between the roller and the compacted material during the compaction process.
如图1至图5所示，本发明实施例提供了一种基于振动压路机与压实材料间作业状态的动力学量测方法，以动力学方法作为理论基础，量测系统作为技术手段，针对沥青混合料在压实作业时的实时连续检测技术，通过量测获取压路机的动态变化反馈信号(振动加速度、速度、位移)表征压实信息，即，通过获取振动压实作业中加速度反馈信号的频率组成和能量分布特征用以表征沥青混合料的压实状态信息，规避了繁杂的理论计算。具体包括如下步骤：As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the embodiment of the present invention provides a dynamic measurement method based on the working state between a vibratory roller and compacted materials, with a dynamic method as the theoretical basis and a measurement system as the technical means, for the real-time continuous detection technology of asphalt mixture during compaction operation, the dynamic change feedback signal (vibration acceleration, velocity, displacement) of the roller is measured to characterize the compaction information, that is, the frequency composition and energy distribution characteristics of the acceleration feedback signal in the vibration compaction operation are obtained to characterize the compaction state information of the asphalt mixture, avoiding complicated theoretical calculations. Specifically, the following steps are included:
S1：预设建立数学模型前的参数状态；S1: preset parameter status before establishing mathematical model;
具体过程为：被压铺层材料被视作具有一定刚度和阻尼的弹性体，其阻尼是线性阻尼；The specific process is as follows: the pressed ply material is regarded as an elastic body with certain stiffness and damping, and its damping is linear damping;
将振动压路简化为具有一定质量的质量集中块；Simplify the vibratory roller into a mass concentrated block with a certain mass;
振动压路机在压实过程中始终与地面保持紧密接触；The vibratory roller always maintains close contact with the ground during the compaction process;
S2：基于沥青混合料的力学模型分析建立振动力学方程；S2: Establish the vibration dynamics equation based on the mechanical model analysis of asphalt mixture;
具体过程为：分析沥青混合料路面压实作业，得到沥青混合料在碾压前期表现为黏弹塑性，即弹塑性阶段，其原因在于，压实作业前期的沥青混合料处于较松散状态，易受沥青混合料性能、振动压路机的振动轮荷载、温度因素干扰，振动轮加载和卸载阶段状态致使路面刚度随之变化，因此，在弹塑性阶段表现为非线性变化的动态压实数学特征；The specific process is as follows: by analyzing the compaction operation of asphalt mixture pavement, it is found that the asphalt mixture exhibits viscoelastic plasticity in the early stage of rolling, that is, the elastic-plastic stage. The reason is that the asphalt mixture is in a relatively loose state in the early stage of compaction operation, which is easily disturbed by the performance of asphalt mixture, the vibration wheel load of the vibrating roller, and temperature factors. The loading and unloading stage of the vibration wheel causes the pavement stiffness to change accordingly. Therefore, in the elastic-plastic stage, it exhibits a dynamic compaction mathematical characteristic of nonlinear change;
为分析混合料非线性变化的动态压实数学特征，通过黏弹塑性与塑性物体按序表征沥青混合料的力学表现，以建立同步等效于沥青混合料的力学模型；In order to analyze the dynamic compaction mathematical characteristics of the mixture with nonlinear changes, the mechanical performance of the asphalt mixture is sequentially characterized by viscoelastic-plastic and plastic objects to establish a mechanical model that is synchronously equivalent to the asphalt mixture.
请参考图2至图3，将沥青混合料在振动压路机的作用下简化为如图2所示的路面力学模型，表示出振动力学方程：Please refer to Figures 2 and 3, and simplify the asphalt mixture under the action of the vibratory roller into the pavement mechanics model shown in Figure 2, expressing the vibration dynamics equation:
式中：F0sin(ωt)-振动压路机激振力；Where: F 0 sin(ωt)-vibratory roller exciting force;
m2-沥青混合料路面等效质量；m 2 - equivalent mass of asphalt mixture pavement;
-瞬时振动加速度； - instantaneous vibration acceleration;
ω-偏心块旋转减速度；ω-eccentric mass rotation deceleration;
c2-振动轮与沥青混合料路面间等效阻尼；c 2 - equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
k-沥青混合料路面的等效刚度；k- equivalent stiffness of asphalt mixture pavement;
S3：基于路面力学模型建立沥青混合料路面的等效刚度关系式；S3: Establish the equivalent stiffness relationship of asphalt mixture pavement based on pavement mechanics model;
使用弹性力学方法求解可知，接触面反力N＝kfx；Using the elastic mechanics method to solve, we know that the contact surface reaction force N = kfx;
其中，f为复变函数，k为沥青混合料路面的等效刚度，将k设置为由沥青混合料路面的回弹模量E和沥青混合料泊松比μ共同决定；Wherein, f is a complex function, k is the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement, and k is set to be determined by the rebound modulus E of the asphalt mixture pavement and the Poisson's ratio μ of the asphalt mixture;
则所述沥青混合料路面的等效刚度关系式，表示为：Then the equivalent stiffness relationship of the asphalt mixture pavement is expressed as:
式中：E-沥青混合料路面的回弹模量；Where: E-resilience modulus of asphalt mixture pavement;
r-接触面等效圆半径；r-equivalent circle radius of contact surface;
μ-混合料泊松比，取值0.35；μ-Poisson's ratio of mixture, value is 0.35;
由于在实际压实作业时，振动轮与沥青混合料的接触面形状近似长方形，无法符合建模形状要求，因此利用等效面积换算方法将其接触面按面积值等效换算为圆形，该圆称之为接触面等效圆，接触面等效圆半径即为r；During the actual compaction operation, the contact surface between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture is approximately rectangular, which cannot meet the modeling shape requirements. Therefore, the equivalent area conversion method is used to convert the contact surface into a circle according to the area value. This circle is called the contact surface equivalent circle, and the radius of the contact surface equivalent circle is r.
请参考图4，将振动压路机的振动轮宽度设为L，振动轮和沥青混合料路面接触弧长设为D，由此可知振动轮和沥青混合料路面两者间的接触面积S＝LD，其对应的等效圆面积S＝LD＝πr2，反推等效圆半径系数经优化修正后振动轮与沥青混合料路面接触弧长D利用三角函数关系表示为，D＝Rsinβ，由此求得等效圆半径r值，即：Please refer to Figure 4. Let the width of the vibrating wheel of the vibrating roller be L, and the contact arc length between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture road surface be D. It can be seen that the contact area between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture road surface is S = LD, and the corresponding equivalent circle area is S = LD = πr 2 . The equivalent circle radius can be inferred in reverse: After optimization and correction, the coefficient The arc length D of the contact between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement is expressed by the trigonometric function relationship as follows: D = Rsinβ, from which the equivalent circle radius r is obtained:
式中：R-振动轮半径；Where: R-vibration wheel radius;
β-振动轮与混合料接触点切线与水平方向的夹角，查阅规范β取值6°。β - The angle between the tangent line of the contact point between the vibration wheel and the mixture and the horizontal direction. According to the specification, the value of β is 6°.
S4：计算求解沥青混合料路面的等效刚度，以及振动轮和沥青混合料路面间的等效阻尼；S4: Calculate and solve the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement and the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
根据基于路面力学模型分析得到沥青混合料路面的等效刚度关系表达式以及等效圆半径r，由此进一步得到沥青混合料路面的等效刚度以及振动轮和沥青混合料路面间的等效阻尼的计算公式；The equivalent stiffness relationship expression of asphalt mixture pavement is obtained based on the pavement mechanics model analysis. and the equivalent circle radius r, from which the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement and the calculation formula of the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement are further obtained;
具体为，把式(3)代入式(2)得到沥青混合料路面的等效刚度关系式：Specifically, substituting equation (3) into equation (2) yields the equivalent stiffness relationship of the asphalt mixture pavement:
并同步建立振动轮和沥青混合料路面间的等效阻尼计算式：And simultaneously establish the equivalent damping calculation formula between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement:
式中：c2-振动轮和沥青混合料路面间的等效阻尼；Where: c 2 - equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
η-沥青混合料阻尼比，参考规范取值为0.1；η-damping ratio of asphalt mixture, the reference standard value is 0.1;
k-沥青混合料路面的等效刚度；k- equivalent stiffness of asphalt mixture pavement;
m2-沥青混合料路面/振动轮等效质量；m 2 - equivalent mass of asphalt mixture pavement/vibrating wheel;
-附加质量系数，采用插值法得其值为0.0117； -Additional mass coefficient, the value obtained by interpolation is 0.0117;
进一步建立沥青混合料的随振质量关系式，由沥青混合料路面/振动轮的等效质量m2和附加质量系数表示为：The vibration mass relationship of asphalt mixture is further established, which is based on the equivalent mass m2 of asphalt mixture pavement/vibrating wheel and the additional mass coefficient Expressed as:
S5：针对振动压路机进行参数分析，建立并求解线性振动压实动力学方程；S5: Parameter analysis of vibratory roller is carried out, and linear vibration compaction dynamic equation is established and solved;
S501：建立振动压路机机架与振动轮的质量分配公式；S501: Establish a mass distribution formula between the frame and the vibrating wheel of the vibrating roller;
针对不同组振动压路机的上下车质量比记录，振动压路机机架和振动轮分配比值为1.4时，振动压路机对沥青混合料路面的压实效果达到最佳，m1和m2分别为机架质量和振动轮等效质量，由此列出质量分配公式：According to the records of the upper and lower mass ratios of different groups of vibratory rollers, when the distribution ratio of the vibratory roller frame and the vibratory wheel is 1.4, the compaction effect of the vibratory roller on the asphalt mixture pavement is the best. m1 and m2 are the frame mass and the equivalent mass of the vibratory wheel, respectively. The mass distribution formula is listed as follows:
m1/m2＝1.4 (7)m 1 /m 2 =1.4 (7)
S502：建立振动频率参数公式；S502: Establishing a vibration frequency parameter formula;
振动压路机的振动频率分为高频和低频两种工作状态，根据被压沥青混合料路面性质选用高频或低频振动频率进行压实作业，建立振动频率参数公式：The vibration frequency of the vibratory roller is divided into two working states: high frequency and low frequency. According to the properties of the compacted asphalt mixture pavement, high frequency or low frequency vibration frequency is selected for compaction operation, and the vibration frequency parameter formula is established:
f＝n/60 (8)f=n/60 (8)
ω＝2πf＝πn/30 (9)ω=2πf=πn/30 (9)
式中：f-压路机振动频率，HZ；Where: f-roller vibration frequency, HZ;
ω-振动轮角速度，rad/s；ω-angular velocity of vibration wheel, rad/s;
T-压路机振动周期，s；T-Road roller vibration period, s;
n-振动器转速，r/min；n-vibrator speed, r/min;
S503：分析振动压路机的激振力；S503: analyzing the exciting force of the vibratory roller;
通过振动轮的偏心块与振动轮角速度建立振动压路机的激振力大小关系式，表示为：The relationship between the exciting force of the vibrating roller is established through the eccentric block of the vibrating wheel and the angular velocity of the vibrating wheel, which is expressed as:
F0＝Meω2 (11)F 0 ＝ Me ω 2 (11)
式中：F0-振动压路机激振力；Where: F 0 - vibration roller exciting force;
Me-振动轮静偏心距； Me - static eccentricity of the vibration wheel;
ω-振动轮角速度；ω- angular velocity of the vibration wheel;
S504：建立线性振动压实动力学方程；S504: Establishing linear vibration compaction dynamics equation;
建立“振动压路机-压实材料”二自由度线性振动压实动力学方程组：Establish the two-degree-of-freedom linear vibration compaction dynamic equations of "vibratory roller-compacted material":
请根据方程组结合参考图5，图中：Please refer to Figure 5 based on the equations, where:
m11-上车质量，kg；m22-下车质量，kg；m33/m3-沥青混合料的随振质量，kg；m 11 - mass of vehicle on board, kg; m 22 - mass of vehicle off board, kg; m 33 /m 3 - vibration mass of asphalt mixture, kg;
ω-激振频率，rad/s；F0-激振力，N；ω-excitation frequency, rad/s; F 0 -excitation force, N;
k1、k2(K1、K2)-减震器、铺层材料刚度，N/m；C1、C2-减震器、铺层材料阻尼，Ns/m；x1、x2、x3-上下车、随振材料瞬时位移，m；k 1 , k 2 (K 1 , K 2 ) - shock absorber, ply material stiffness, N/m; C 1 , C 2 - shock absorber, ply material damping, Ns/m; x 1 , x 2 , x 3 - instantaneous displacement of boarding and alighting, vibration-following material, m;
-上车速度(m/s)、加速度(m/s2)； - Boarding speed (m/s), acceleration (m/s 2 );
-下车速度(m/s)、加速度(m/s2)； -Getting off speed (m/s), acceleration (m/s 2 );
解上述方程组可得：Solving the above system of equations yields:
式中：A1＝K1-m11ω2，B1＝C1ω；Where: A 1 =K 1 -m 11 ω 2 , B 1 =C 1 ω;
A2＝K1，B2＝C1ω2；A 2 =K 1 , B 2 =C 1 ω 2 ;
C＝(m22+m33)m1ω4-(m22+m33)K1ω2-m11K2ω2-C1C2ω2+K1K2-m11K1ω2；C＝(m 22 +m 33 )m 1 ω 4 -(m 22 +m 33 )K 1 ω 2 -m 11 K 2 ω 2 -C 1 C 2 ω 2 +K 1 K 2 -m 11 K 1 ω 2 ;
D＝K2C1ω+K1C2ω-(m22+m33)C1ω3-m11C1ω3-m11C2ω3；D＝K 2 C 1 ω+K 1 C 2 ω-(m 22 +m 33 )C 1 ω 3 -m 11 C 1 ω 3 -m 11 C 2 ω 3 ;
振动系统无阻尼状态下的一阶、二阶固有频率(角频率)ω1、ω2分别为：The first-order and second-order natural frequencies (angular frequencies) ω 1 and ω 2 of the vibration system in the undamped state are:
式中：G＝(m22+m33)K1+m11K2+m11K1。Wherein: G＝(m 22 +m 33 )K 1 +m 11 K 2 +m 11 K 1 .
由式(15)可知，当振动压路机的振动频率和振幅不变时，振动轮垂直方向上的振动加速度幅值只与被压实材料的刚度(K)和阻尼(C)相关；It can be seen from formula (15) that when the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibratory roller remain unchanged, the vibration acceleration amplitude in the vertical direction of the vibrating wheel is only related to the stiffness (K) and damping (C) of the compacted material;
被压实材料的刚度和阻尼随着压实的进行是不断改变的，所以振动加速度幅值也是一个随之不断改变的动态值；The stiffness and damping of the compacted material are constantly changing as the compaction progresses, so the vibration acceleration amplitude is also a dynamic value that is constantly changing.
刚度是指反映结构或材料受力时抵抗弹性变形的能力，通过刚度间接反映被压实材料的压实状况，因此，与被作用材料刚度存在相关关系的振动加速度能反映被压实材料的压实状态；Stiffness refers to the ability of a structure or material to resist elastic deformation when subjected to force. Stiffness indirectly reflects the compaction status of the compacted material. Therefore, the vibration acceleration that is correlated with the stiffness of the material being acted on can reflect the compaction status of the compacted material.
因此，建立一“振动压路机-被压实材料”的二自由度模型来反映两者间的动态响应，该模型简单，计算量小，而且在一定程度上与实际工况基本相符；Therefore, a two-degree-of-freedom model of "vibratory roller-compacted material" is established to reflect the dynamic response between the two. The model is simple, has a small amount of calculation, and is basically consistent with the actual working conditions to a certain extent.
S505：求解线性振动压实动力学方程；S505: solving linear vibration compaction dynamics equations;
以接触力学理论为基础，引入新参数α代替振幅大小进而表征非线性弹簧的变化性质，利于求解出振动响应周期，以此说明频率结构在振动反馈信号中的复杂性；因此，得到非线性振动压实抵抗力表达为：Based on the contact mechanics theory, a new parameter α is introduced to replace the amplitude to characterize the changing nature of the nonlinear spring, which is conducive to solving the vibration response period, thereby illustrating the complexity of the frequency structure in the vibration feedback signal; therefore, the nonlinear vibration compaction resistance is expressed as:
将式(19)联立式(6)，y＝x2、经推导变形可转化为动力学方程：Combining equation (19) with equation (6), y = x 2 , The derived deformation can be transformed into the dynamic equation:
对上述方程采用正规摄动法求近似解，当α＝0时，将原系统的非线性方程(20)转化为派生系统的线性方程：The normal perturbation method is used to find the approximate solution of the above equation. When α = 0, the nonlinear equation (20) of the original system is transformed into the linear equation of the derived system:
该转化原理为：以式(20)作为式(19)的派生系统，派生系统的固有频率为ω0，若是原系统存在周期解，则在派生系统周期解y0(t)的基础上进行适当修正，从而形成原系统的周期解y0(t,a)；The transformation principle is: take equation (20) as the derived system of equation (19), the natural frequency of the derived system is ω 0 , if the original system has a periodic solution, then make appropriate corrections based on the periodic solution y 0 (t) of the derived system, so as to form the periodic solution y 0 (t, a) of the original system;
以参数α对周期解y0(t,a)按幂级数展开：The periodic solution y 0 (t,a) is expanded in a power series with parameter α:
y0(t,a)＝y0(t)+ay1(t)+a2y2(t)+T (22)y 0 (t,a)＝y 0 (t)+ay 1 (t)+a 2 y 2 (t)+T (22)
把式(22)带入式(21)，得到线性微分方程组如下：Substituting equation (22) into equation (21), we get the following linear differential equations:
关于式α的线性微分方程组(23)中a1～an都无限接近a0，此状态下振动压实过程中阻尼等效刚度为零，令A为振动轮振幅值，因此将振动轮响与激振力相关联，进而求得a0方程的近似解：In the linear differential equation group (23) of formula α, a 1 ~ an are infinitely close to a 0. In this state, the damping equivalent stiffness is zero during the vibration compaction process. Let A be the vibration wheel amplitude value. Therefore, the vibration wheel sound is associated with the exciting force, and then the approximate solution of the a 0 equation is obtained:
将式(24)中y0代入a1方程并使用三角函数降幂公式展开推导得到：Substituting y 0 in equation (24) into the equation a 1 and expanding it using the trigonometric function power reduction formula, we obtain:
令B1、B2分别为振动压路机振幅值，参照a0方程和周期函数求近似解方法，求得a1方程：Let B1 and B2 be the amplitude values of the vibratory roller, respectively, and refer to the a0 equation and the periodic function to find the approximate solution method to obtain the a1 equation:
按以上方程求解方法可求得a1～an线性微分方程组的所有近似解，再代入式(22)即可得原系统方程解：According to the above equation solving method, all approximate solutions of the linear differential equations of a 1 ~ a n can be obtained, and then substituted into equation (22) to obtain the solution of the original system equation:
y1＝(A+B1α+C1α2+…)sinωt+(B2α+C2α2+…)sin3ωt+(C3α2+…)sin5ωt+… (27)y 1 = (A+B 1 α+C 1 α 2 +…)sinωt+(B 2 α+C 2 α 2 +…)sin3ωt+(C 3 α 2 +…)sin5ωt+… (27)
利用方程(27)导数求解相对应的加速度与速度的方程表达式，若得其结果均与方程(27)相似，即结果出现了3ω、5ω...频率周期变化的振动响应，而没有出现2ω、4ω...频率周期变化的振动响应，则证明由沥青混合料复杂性决定了沥青混合料的非线性性质，区别于实测的频率成分，换言之，非线性振动压实模型无法准确无误的仿真振动压路机的碾压过程；The derivative of equation (27) is used to solve the corresponding equation expressions of acceleration and velocity. If the results are similar to equation (27), that is, the results show vibration responses with frequency periodic changes of 3ω, 5ω..., but no vibration responses with frequency periodic changes of 2ω, 4ω..., it is proved that the nonlinear properties of the asphalt mixture are determined by the complexity of the asphalt mixture, which is different from the measured frequency components. In other words, the nonlinear vibration compaction model cannot accurately simulate the rolling process of the vibratory roller;
在对沥青混合料进行碾压作业时，振动轮振动产生的激振力和自身质量均为恒定状态；振动轮反馈信号(振动加速度、速度、位移)会发生相应变化是因为沥青混合料与振动轮之间的相互作用时刻发生变化，因此不改变压路机振动参数时，通过检测振动轮反馈信号的变化，进一步分析沥青混合料结构自身抵抗力的变化规律，由此感知沥青混合料的压实状态；When the asphalt mixture is rolled, the exciting force and the mass of the vibration wheel are both in a constant state. The feedback signal (vibration acceleration, velocity, displacement) of the vibration wheel changes accordingly because the interaction between the asphalt mixture and the vibration wheel changes all the time. Therefore, when the vibration parameters of the roller are not changed, the change of the feedback signal of the vibration wheel is detected to further analyze the change law of the resistance of the asphalt mixture structure itself, thereby sensing the compaction state of the asphalt mixture.
在压实作业时的动态测试对象中，振动加速度与位移和速度的变化度相比而言，振动加速度显得更为敏感且信息相对容易获取，因此振动轮反馈的振动加速度信号作为研究过程中的重点关注对象；Among the dynamic test objects during compaction operations, vibration acceleration is more sensitive than the change in displacement and velocity, and its information is relatively easy to obtain. Therefore, the vibration acceleration signal fed back by the vibration wheel is the focus of the research process.
综上所述，以动力学方法作为理论基础，量测系统作为技术手段，针对沥青混合料在压实作业时的实时连续检测技术，通过量测获取压路机的动态变化反馈信号(振动加速度、速度、位移)表征压实信息，规避了繁杂的理论计算，能够降低对压实设备相关参数的详细程度，在实际施工中实用价值较高；In summary, with the dynamic method as the theoretical basis and the measurement system as the technical means, the real-time continuous detection technology of asphalt mixture during compaction operation is used to obtain the dynamic change feedback signal (vibration acceleration, speed, displacement) of the roller to characterize the compaction information, avoiding complicated theoretical calculations, and reducing the level of detail of the relevant parameters of the compaction equipment. It has high practical value in actual construction.
因此，在“振动压路机-被压材料”动力学模型理论分析的基础上，通过获取振动压实作业中加速度反馈信号的频率组成和能量分布特征用以表征沥青混合料的压实状态信息，以此对沥青混合料路面实现智能化施工。Therefore, based on the theoretical analysis of the "vibratory roller-compacted material" dynamic model, the frequency composition and energy distribution characteristics of the acceleration feedback signal during the vibration compaction operation are obtained to characterize the compaction state information of the asphalt mixture, thereby realizing the intelligent construction of the asphalt mixture pavement.
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
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Country or region after: China Address after: 101100 room 216, No. 7, Wuxing Road, Lucheng Town, Tongzhou District, Beijing Applicant after: ROAD & BRIDGE INTERNATIONAL Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: CCCC (Qingdao) Urban Construction Co.,Ltd. Address before: Building B3, China Radio and Television 5G High tech Video Experimental Park, No. 2566 Jiaozhou Bay East Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000 Applicant before: CCCC (Qingdao) Urban Construction Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China Applicant before: ROAD & BRIDGE INTERNATIONAL Co.,Ltd. |