CN118445523A - Dynamic measurement method based on working state between vibratory roller and compacted material - Google Patents
Dynamic measurement method based on working state between vibratory roller and compacted material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005312 nonlinear dynamic Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic measurement method based on the working state between a vibratory roller and a compacted material, which comprises the following steps: presetting a parameter state before establishing a mathematical model; establishing a vibration mechanics equation based on the mechanics model analysis of the asphalt mixture; establishing an equivalent stiffness relation of the asphalt mixture pavement based on the pavement mechanical model; calculating and solving the equivalent rigidity of the asphalt mixture pavement and the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement; and (3) carrying out parameter analysis on the vibratory roller, and establishing and solving a linear vibration compaction dynamics equation. The method solves the problems that in the prior art, when the nonlinear dynamic relation between the road roller and the compacted material in the compaction process is calculated, the mathematical model is complex to build, and the calculated amount is obviously increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compaction operation of asphalt mixed materials, in particular to a dynamic measurement method based on an operation state between a vibratory roller and a compacted material.
Background
The traditional compactness destructive detection method mainly comprises four methods, namely a ring knife method, a sand filling method, a water bag method and a wax sealing method. Although the four methods have higher measurement accuracy, the detected roadbed or road surface needs to be damaged to a certain extent during detection, and the defects of few detection points and unavoidable hysteresis exist.
When working on a vibratory roller, the dynamic performance and compaction effect of the vibrating wheel depend on the structural parameters of the vibratory roller and are also closely related to the properties of compacted materials.
In order to study the relation between the vibration parameters of the vibratory roller and the compaction state of the compacted material, a mathematical model is built for the vibratory roller. The prior analysis shows that the vibratory roller with a simpler structure has more than 6 degrees of freedom. If all degrees of freedom are included in modeling, although the calculation accuracy is theoretically high, the problem is that the model becomes more complex and the calculation amount is significantly increased.
Moreover, the multiple degree of freedom model does not ideally reflect the nonlinear dynamic relationship between the compactor and the compacted material during compaction due to the limitations of variability, randomness, mathematical processing of the compacted material, and differences in the effect of the respective degree of freedom counterparts on material compaction.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a dynamic measurement method based on the working state between a vibratory roller and a compacted material, which aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, when calculating the nonlinear dynamic relation between the vibratory roller and the compacted material in the compaction process, the mathematical model is complex to build and the calculated amount is obviously increased.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A dynamic measurement method based on the working state between a vibratory roller and a compacted material specifically comprises the following steps:
presetting a parameter state before establishing a mathematical model;
establishing a vibration mechanics equation based on the mechanics model analysis of the asphalt mixture;
Establishing an equivalent stiffness relation of the asphalt mixture pavement based on the pavement mechanical model;
calculating and solving the equivalent rigidity of the asphalt mixture pavement and the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
And (3) carrying out parameter analysis on the vibratory roller, and establishing and solving a linear vibration compaction dynamics equation.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention is further described as follows:
as a further aspect of the present invention, the presetting of the parameter state before establishing the mathematical model specifically includes:
The compressed lay-up material is considered to be an elastomer with a certain stiffness and damping, the damping of which is linear damping;
simplifying the vibration pressing path into a mass concentration block with certain mass;
The vibratory roller is kept in close contact with the ground all the time during compaction.
As a further scheme of the invention, the vibration mechanics equation is established based on the mechanics model analysis of the asphalt mixture, and specifically comprises the following steps:
analyzing the pavement compacting operation of the asphalt mixture to obtain dynamic compaction mathematical characteristics of the asphalt mixture, wherein the dynamic compaction mathematical characteristics are expressed as viscoelastoplasticity, namely an elastoplasticity stage, and nonlinear variation in the elastoplasticity stage;
Analyzing the dynamic compaction mathematical characteristics of nonlinear variation of the mixture, sequentially representing the mechanical performance of the asphalt mixture through viscoelastic-plastic and plastic objects, and establishing a mechanical model synchronous and equivalent to the asphalt mixture;
simplifying the asphalt mixture into a pavement mechanical model under the action of a vibratory roller, and showing a vibration mechanical equation:
Wherein: f 0 sin (ωt) -vibratory roller excitation force;
m 2 -equivalent mass of asphalt mixture pavement;
-instantaneous vibration acceleration;
omega-eccentric mass rotational deceleration;
c 2 -equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
equivalent stiffness of k-asphalt mixture pavement.
As a further scheme of the invention, the method for establishing the equivalent stiffness relation of the asphalt mixture pavement based on the pavement mechanics model specifically comprises the following steps:
as can be seen from the solution using the elastomehc method, the contact surface reaction force n= kfx;
wherein f is a complex function, k is the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement, and k is set to be determined by the rebound modulus E of the asphalt mixture pavement and the Poisson ratio mu of the asphalt mixture;
the equivalent stiffness relationship for the asphalt mixture pavement is expressed as:
wherein: modulus of resilience of E-asphalt mixture pavement;
r-equivalent radius of circle of contact surface;
mu-Poisson ratio of the mixture, and the value is 0.35;
Because the shape of the contact surface of the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture is approximately rectangular and cannot meet the modeling shape requirement during actual compaction operation, the contact surface is equivalently converted into a circle according to the area value by utilizing an equivalent area conversion method, the circle is called as a contact surface equivalent circle, and the radius of the contact surface equivalent circle is r;
By setting the width of the vibrating wheel of the vibratory roller as L and the contact arc length of the vibrating wheel and the asphalt pavement as D, the contact area S=LD between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt pavement can be known, and the corresponding equivalent circle area S=LD=pi r 2 and the equivalent circle radius can be reversely pushed After the coefficient is optimized and correctedThe contact arc length D of the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement is expressed as D= Rsin β by using a trigonometric function relation, so that the equivalent circle radius r value is obtained, namely:
wherein: r-vibration wheel radius;
and the included angle between the tangent line of the contact point of the beta-vibration wheel and the mixture and the horizontal direction is referred to the standard beta to take a value of 6 degrees.
As a further scheme of the invention, the method for calculating and solving the equivalent rigidity of the asphalt mixture pavement and the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement specifically comprises the following steps:
Obtaining an equivalent stiffness relation expression of the asphalt mixture pavement according to pavement mechanics model analysis And the equivalent circle radius r, so as to further obtain a calculation formula of equivalent rigidity of the asphalt mixture pavement and equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
specifically, substituting the formula (3) into the formula (2) to obtain an equivalent stiffness relation of the asphalt mixture pavement:
and synchronously establishing an equivalent damping calculation formula between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement:
wherein: c 2 -equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
The damping ratio of the eta-asphalt mixture is 0.1 according to the reference specification;
Equivalent stiffness of k-asphalt mixture pavement;
m 2 -equivalent mass of asphalt mixture pavement/vibrating wheel;
-an additional mass coefficient, the value of which is 0.0117 by interpolation;
Further establishes a vibration following mass relation of the asphalt mixture, and comprises an equivalent mass m 2 and an additional mass coefficient of an asphalt mixture pavement/vibration wheel Expressed as:
as a further aspect of the present invention, the parameter analysis is performed on the vibratory roller, and a linear vibratory compaction kinetic equation is established and solved, which specifically includes:
Establishing a mass distribution formula of the frame and the vibrating wheel of the vibratory roller;
Establishing a vibration frequency parameter formula;
analyzing the exciting force of the vibratory roller;
Establishing a linear vibration compaction kinetic equation;
and solving a linear vibration compaction kinetic equation.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the establishing a mass distribution formula of the vibratory roller frame and the vibratory wheel specifically includes:
Aiming at the recording of the mass ratio of the entering and the exiting of different groups of vibratory rollers, when the distribution ratio of a frame to a vibration wheel of the vibratory roller is 1.4, the compaction effect of the vibratory roller on an asphalt mixture pavement is optimal, and m 1 and m 2 are respectively the frame mass and the equivalent mass of the vibration wheel, so that a mass distribution formula is listed:
m1/m2＝1.4 (7)
the establishing a vibration frequency parameter formula specifically comprises the following steps:
vibration frequencies of the vibratory roller are divided into a high-frequency working state and a low-frequency working state, the high-frequency vibration frequency or the low-frequency vibration frequency is selected for compaction operation according to the pavement property of the pressed asphalt mixture, and a vibration frequency parameter formula is established:
f＝n/60 (8)
ω＝2πf＝πn/30 (9)
wherein: f-vibration frequency of the road roller, HZ;
Omega-vibrating wheel angular velocity, rad/s;
The vibration period s of the T-road roller;
n-vibrator speed, r/min.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the analyzing the exciting force of the vibratory roller specifically includes:
the relation of the exciting force of the vibratory roller is established through the eccentric block of the vibrating wheel and the angular speed of the vibrating wheel, and is expressed as:
F0＝Meω2 (11)
Wherein: f 0 -exciting force of the vibratory roller;
m e -static eccentricity of the vibrating wheel;
Omega-vibrating wheel angular velocity.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the establishing a linear vibro-compaction kinetic equation specifically includes:
establishing a two-degree-of-freedom linear vibratory compaction kinetic equation set of a vibratory roller-compacted material:
In the equation set:
m 11 -loading mass, kg; m 22 -get-off mass, kg; m 33/m3 -vibration following mass of asphalt mixture, kg;
omega-excitation frequency, rad/s; f 0, exciting force and N;
k 1、k2(K1、K2) -damper, ply material stiffness, N/m; c 1、C2 -damper, ply material damping, ns/m; x 1、x2、x3 -getting on or off the vehicle and instantaneously displacing along with vibration material, m;
-vehicle speed (m/s), acceleration (m/s 2);
-speed of getting off (m/s), acceleration (m/s 2);
solving the above equation set can be achieved:
Wherein: a 1＝K1-m11ω2,B1＝C1 ω;
A2＝K1,B2＝C1ω2；
C＝(m22+m33)m1ω4-(m22+m33)K1ω2-muK2ω2-C1C2ω2+K1K2-m11K1ω2;
D＝K2C1ω+K1C2ω-(m22+m33)C1ω3-m11C1ω3-m11C2ω3;
The first-order and second-order natural frequencies (angular frequencies) omega 1、ω2 of the vibration system in the undamped state are respectively as follows:
wherein: g= (m 22+m33)K1+m11K2+m11K1.
From equation (15), when the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibratory roller are unchanged, the vibration acceleration amplitude in the vertical direction of the vibratory roller is only related to the rigidity (K) and damping (C) of the compacted material;
The rigidity and damping of the compacted material are changed continuously along with the compaction, so that the vibration acceleration amplitude is also a dynamic value which is changed continuously along with the compaction; stiffness refers to the ability of a structure or material to resist elastic deformation when subjected to a force, indirectly reflecting the compaction of the compacted material by stiffness, so that vibratory accelerations associated with the stiffness of the material being worked can reflect the compaction of the compacted material.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the solving a linear vibro-compaction kinetic equation specifically includes:
Based on a contact mechanics theory, a new parameter alpha is introduced to replace amplitude so as to further represent the change property of the nonlinear spring, thereby being beneficial to solving the vibration response period and further describing the complexity of the frequency structure in a vibration feedback signal; thus, the resultant nonlinear vibratory compaction resistance is expressed as:
The formula (19) is combined with the formula (6), y=x 2, The derived deformation can be converted into a kinetic equation:
The above equation is approximated by normal perturbation, and when α=0, the nonlinear equation (20) of the original system is converted into the linear equation of the derived system:
The conversion principle is as follows: taking the formula (20) as a derived system of the formula (19), wherein the natural frequency of the derived system is omega 0, if a periodic solution exists in the original system, carrying out proper correction on the basis of the periodic solution y 0 (t) of the derived system, so as to form a periodic solution y 0 (t, a) of the original system;
The periodic solution y 0 (t, a) is expanded by a power series with the parameter α:
y0(t,a)＝y0(t)+ay1(t)+a2y2(t)+T (22)
bringing equation (22) into equation (21) yields a set of linear differential equations as follows:
Regarding the linear differential equation set (23) of the formula alpha, a 1～an is infinitely close to a 0, in this state, the damping equivalent stiffness in the vibration compaction process is zero, let A be the vibration wheel amplitude value, so that the vibration wheel response is related to the excitation force, and then the approximate solution of the equation a 0 is obtained:
Substituting y 0 in equation (24) into a 1 equation and developing and deriving by using trigonometric function exponentiation formula:
let B1, B2 be vibratory roller amplitude value, calculate approximate solution method with reference to a 0 equation and periodic function, calculate a 1 equation:
All approximate solutions of a 1～an linear differential equation set can be obtained according to the equation solving method, and then the solution is substituted into the equation (22) to obtain the original system equation solution:
y1＝(A+B1α+C1α2+…)sinωt+(B2α+C2α2+…)sin3ωt+(C3α2+…)sin5ωt+… (27)
Solving equation expressions of corresponding acceleration and speed by utilizing the derivative of the equation (27), if the results are similar to the equation (27), namely, vibration responses of 3 omega and 5 omega which are frequency periodic changes are generated, but vibration responses of 2 omega and 4 omega which are frequency periodic changes are not generated, the fact that the complexity of the asphalt mixture determines the nonlinear property of the asphalt mixture, and the nonlinear property is different from actually measured frequency components, in other words, a nonlinear vibration compaction model cannot accurately simulate the rolling process of the vibratory roller is proved;
When the asphalt mixture is rolled, exciting force generated by vibration of the vibration wheel and self mass are in constant states; the feedback signals (vibration acceleration, speed and displacement) of the vibration wheel correspondingly change because the interaction time between the asphalt mixture and the vibration wheel changes, so that when the vibration parameters of the road roller are not changed, the change rule of the self resistance of the asphalt mixture structure is further analyzed by detecting the change of the feedback signals of the vibration wheel, and the compaction state of the asphalt mixture is perceived.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The method can take a dynamic method as a theoretical basis, a measuring system as a technical means, and aims at a real-time continuous detection technology of asphalt mixture in compacting operation on the basis of theoretical analysis of a dynamic model of a vibratory roller-pressed material, compacting information is represented by measuring and acquiring dynamic change feedback signals (vibration acceleration, speed and displacement) of the vibratory roller, namely, compacting state information for representing the asphalt mixture is represented by acquiring frequency composition and energy distribution characteristics of acceleration feedback signals in vibration compacting operation, so that complicated theoretical calculation is avoided, and intelligent construction of asphalt mixture pavement can be realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will simply refer to the drawings required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and structures, proportions, sizes and the like which are shown in the specification are merely used in conjunction with the disclosure of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the disclosure, and any structural modifications, changes in proportion or adjustment of sizes should still fall within the scope of the disclosure of the present invention without affecting the effects and the achieved objects of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall flow chart of a dynamic measurement method based on the working state between a vibratory roller and a compacted material according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an analysis principle of a pavement mechanics model in a dynamic measurement method based on an operation state between a vibratory roller and a compacted material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a second schematic diagram of an analysis principle of a pavement mechanics model in a dynamic measurement method based on an operation state between a vibratory roller and a compacted material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the contact arc length of the contact point between the steel wheel and the mixture in the dynamic measurement method based on the working state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a two-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of a "vibratory roller-pressed material" in a dynamic measurement method based on an operational state between the vibratory roller and a compacted material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, by way of illustration, is to be read in connection with certain specific embodiments, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and the like are also used herein for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention for which the invention may be practiced or for which the relative relationship may be altered or modified without materially altering the technical context.
When the vibratory roller works, the dynamic performance and the compaction effect of the vibrating wheel depend on the structural parameters of the vibratory roller and are also closely related to the properties of compacted materials.
In order to study the relation between the vibration parameters of the vibratory roller and the compaction state of the compacted material, a mathematical model is built for the vibratory roller.
The prior analysis shows that the vibratory roller with a simpler structure has more than 6 degrees of freedom.
If all degrees of freedom are included in modeling, although the calculation accuracy is theoretically high, the problem is that the model becomes more complex and the calculation amount is significantly increased.
And due to the limitations of variability, randomness and mathematical treatment of the compacted material, differences of the respective degrees of freedom on the compaction of the material, and other factors, the multiple degree of freedom model cannot perfectly reflect the dynamic relationship between the road roller and the compacted material in the compaction process.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the embodiment of the invention provides a dynamic measurement method based on the working state between a vibratory roller and a compacting material, which takes the dynamic method as a theoretical basis, takes a measurement system as a technical means, aims at a real-time continuous detection technology of an asphalt mixture during compacting operation, and obtains dynamic change feedback signals (vibration acceleration, speed and displacement) of the roller to represent compacting information through measurement, namely, obtains frequency composition and energy distribution characteristics of acceleration feedback signals during vibration compacting operation to represent compacting state information of the asphalt mixture, thereby avoiding complicated theoretical calculation. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: presetting a parameter state before establishing a mathematical model;
The specific process is as follows: the compressed lay-up material is considered to be an elastomer with a certain stiffness and damping, the damping of which is linear damping;
simplifying the vibration pressing path into a mass concentration block with certain mass;
The vibratory roller is kept in close contact with the ground all the time in the compaction process;
S2: establishing a vibration mechanics equation based on the mechanics model analysis of the asphalt mixture;
The specific process is as follows: analyzing the compaction operation of the asphalt mixture pavement to obtain the fact that the asphalt mixture is in a viscoelastic-plastic state, namely an elastoplastic stage, wherein the asphalt mixture in the early stage of compaction operation is in a loose state and is easily interfered by the performance of the asphalt mixture, the load of a vibration wheel of a vibration road roller and temperature factors, and the state of the loading and unloading stages of the vibration wheel causes the rigidity of the pavement to change along with the vibration wheel, so that the dynamic compaction mathematical characteristic of nonlinear change is shown in the elastoplastic stage;
For analyzing the dynamic compaction mathematical characteristics of the nonlinear change of the mixture, sequentially characterizing the mechanical performance of the asphalt mixture through viscoelastic-plastic and plastic objects to establish a mechanical model which is synchronous and equivalent to the asphalt mixture;
Referring to fig. 2 to 3, the asphalt mixture is simplified into a pavement mechanical model as shown in fig. 2 under the action of the vibratory roller, and the vibration mechanical equation is shown:
Wherein: f 0 sin (ωt) -vibratory roller excitation force;
m 2 -equivalent mass of asphalt mixture pavement;
-instantaneous vibration acceleration;
omega-eccentric mass rotational deceleration;
c 2 -equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
Equivalent stiffness of k-asphalt mixture pavement;
s3: establishing an equivalent stiffness relation of the asphalt mixture pavement based on the pavement mechanical model;
as can be seen from the solution using the elastomehc method, the contact surface reaction force n= kfx;
wherein f is a complex function, k is the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement, and k is set to be determined by the rebound modulus E of the asphalt mixture pavement and the Poisson ratio mu of the asphalt mixture;
the equivalent stiffness relationship for the asphalt mixture pavement is expressed as:
wherein: modulus of resilience of E-asphalt mixture pavement;
r-equivalent radius of circle of contact surface;
mu-Poisson ratio of the mixture, and the value is 0.35;
Because the shape of the contact surface of the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture is approximately rectangular and cannot meet the modeling shape requirement during actual compaction operation, the contact surface is equivalently converted into a circle according to the area value by utilizing an equivalent area conversion method, the circle is called as a contact surface equivalent circle, and the radius of the contact surface equivalent circle is r;
Referring to fig. 4, the width of the vibrating wheel of the vibratory roller is L, the contact arc length between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt pavement is D, so that the contact area s=ld between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt pavement can be known, and the equivalent circle area s=ld=pi r 2 corresponding to the contact area s=ld=pi r 2 can be used for back-pushing the equivalent circle radius After the coefficient is optimized and correctedThe contact arc length D of the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement is expressed as D= Rsin β by using a trigonometric function relation, so that the equivalent circle radius r value is obtained, namely:
wherein: r-vibration wheel radius;
and the included angle between the tangent line of the contact point of the beta-vibration wheel and the mixture and the horizontal direction is referred to the standard beta to take a value of 6 degrees.
S4: calculating and solving the equivalent rigidity of the asphalt mixture pavement and the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
Obtaining an equivalent stiffness relation expression of the asphalt mixture pavement according to pavement mechanics model analysis And the equivalent circle radius r, so as to further obtain a calculation formula of equivalent rigidity of the asphalt mixture pavement and equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
specifically, substituting the formula (3) into the formula (2) to obtain an equivalent stiffness relation of the asphalt mixture pavement:
and synchronously establishing an equivalent damping calculation formula between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement:
wherein: c 2 -equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
The damping ratio of the eta-asphalt mixture is 0.1 according to the reference specification;
Equivalent stiffness of k-asphalt mixture pavement;
m 2 -equivalent mass of asphalt mixture pavement/vibrating wheel;
-an additional mass coefficient, the value of which is 0.0117 by interpolation;
Further establishes a vibration following mass relation of the asphalt mixture, and comprises an equivalent mass m 2 and an additional mass coefficient of an asphalt mixture pavement/vibration wheel Expressed as:
s5: performing parameter analysis on the vibratory roller, and establishing and solving a linear vibration compaction dynamics equation;
s501: establishing a mass distribution formula of the frame and the vibrating wheel of the vibratory roller;
Aiming at the recording of the mass ratio of the entering and the exiting of different groups of vibratory rollers, when the distribution ratio of a frame to a vibration wheel of the vibratory roller is 1.4, the compaction effect of the vibratory roller on an asphalt mixture pavement is optimal, and m 1 and m 2 are respectively the frame mass and the equivalent mass of the vibration wheel, so that a mass distribution formula is listed:
m1/m2＝1.4 (7)
s502: establishing a vibration frequency parameter formula;
vibration frequencies of the vibratory roller are divided into a high-frequency working state and a low-frequency working state, the high-frequency vibration frequency or the low-frequency vibration frequency is selected for compaction operation according to the pavement property of the pressed asphalt mixture, and a vibration frequency parameter formula is established:
f＝n/60 (8)
ω＝2πf＝πn/30 (9)
wherein: f-vibration frequency of the road roller, HZ;
Omega-vibrating wheel angular velocity, rad/s;
The vibration period s of the T-road roller;
n-vibrator rotation speed, r/min;
s503: analyzing the exciting force of the vibratory roller;
the relation of the exciting force of the vibratory roller is established through the eccentric block of the vibrating wheel and the angular speed of the vibrating wheel, and is expressed as:
F0＝Meω2 (11)
Wherein: f 0 -exciting force of the vibratory roller;
m e -static eccentricity of the vibrating wheel;
Omega-vibrating wheel angular velocity;
s504: establishing a linear vibration compaction kinetic equation;
establishing a two-degree-of-freedom linear vibratory compaction kinetic equation set of a vibratory roller-compacted material:
Please refer to fig. 5 in combination with equation set, in which:
m 11 -loading mass, kg; m 22 -get-off mass, kg; m 33/m3 -vibration following mass of asphalt mixture, kg;
omega-excitation frequency, rad/s; f 0, exciting force and N;
k 1、k2(K1、K2) -damper, ply material stiffness, N/m; c 1、C2 -damper, ply material damping, ns/m; x 1、x2、x3 -getting on or off the vehicle and instantaneously displacing along with vibration material, m;
-vehicle speed (m/s), acceleration (m/s 2);
-speed of getting off (m/s), acceleration (m/s 2);
solving the above equation set can be achieved:
Wherein: a 1＝K1-m11ω2,B1＝C1 ω;
A2＝K1,B2＝C1ω2；
C＝(m22+m33)m1ω4-(m22+m33)K1ω2-m11K2ω2-C1C2ω2+K1K2-m11K1ω2;
D＝K2C1ω+K1C2ω-(m22+m33)C1ω3-m11C1ω3-m11C2ω3;
The first-order and second-order natural frequencies (angular frequencies) omega 1、ω2 of the vibration system in the undamped state are respectively as follows:
wherein: g= (m 22+m33)K1+m11K2+m11K1.
From equation (15), when the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibratory roller are unchanged, the vibration acceleration amplitude in the vertical direction of the vibratory roller is only related to the rigidity (K) and damping (C) of the compacted material;
The rigidity and damping of the compacted material are changed continuously along with the compaction, so that the vibration acceleration amplitude is also a dynamic value which is changed continuously along with the compaction;
Rigidity refers to the ability of a structure or material to resist elastic deformation when stressed, and indirectly reflects the compaction state of the compacted material through the rigidity, so that vibration acceleration which has a correlation with the rigidity of the acted material can reflect the compaction state of the compacted material;
Therefore, a two-degree-of-freedom model of a vibratory roller-compacted material is established to reflect dynamic response between the two, and the model is simple, has small calculated amount and basically accords with actual working conditions to a certain extent;
S505: solving a linear vibration compaction kinetic equation;
Based on a contact mechanics theory, a new parameter alpha is introduced to replace amplitude so as to further represent the change property of the nonlinear spring, thereby being beneficial to solving the vibration response period and further describing the complexity of the frequency structure in a vibration feedback signal; thus, the resultant nonlinear vibratory compaction resistance is expressed as:
The formula (19) is combined with the formula (6), y=x 2, The derived deformation can be converted into a kinetic equation:
The above equation is approximated by normal perturbation, and when α=0, the nonlinear equation (20) of the original system is converted into the linear equation of the derived system:
The conversion principle is as follows: taking the formula (20) as a derived system of the formula (19), wherein the natural frequency of the derived system is omega 0, if a periodic solution exists in the original system, carrying out proper correction on the basis of the periodic solution y 0 (t) of the derived system, so as to form a periodic solution y 0 (t, a) of the original system;
The periodic solution y 0 (t, a) is expanded by a power series with the parameter α:
y0(t,a)＝y0(t)+ay1(t)+a2y2(t)+T (22)
bringing equation (22) into equation (21) yields a set of linear differential equations as follows:
Regarding the linear differential equation set (23) of the formula alpha, a 1～an is infinitely close to a 0, in this state, the damping equivalent stiffness in the vibration compaction process is zero, let A be the vibration wheel amplitude value, so that the vibration wheel response is related to the excitation force, and then the approximate solution of the equation a 0 is obtained:
Substituting y 0 in equation (24) into a 1 equation and developing and deriving by using trigonometric function exponentiation formula:
let B1, B2 be vibratory roller amplitude value, calculate approximate solution method with reference to a 0 equation and periodic function, calculate a 1 equation:
All approximate solutions of a 1～an linear differential equation set can be obtained according to the equation solving method, and then the solution is substituted into the equation (22) to obtain the original system equation solution:
y1＝(A+B1α+C1α2+…)sinωt+(B2α+C2α2+…)sin3ωt+(C3α2+…)sin5ωt+… (27)
Solving equation expressions of corresponding acceleration and speed by utilizing the derivative of the equation (27), if the results are similar to the equation (27), namely, vibration responses of 3 omega and 5 omega which are frequency periodic changes are generated, but vibration responses of 2 omega and 4 omega which are frequency periodic changes are not generated, the fact that the complexity of the asphalt mixture determines the nonlinear property of the asphalt mixture, and the nonlinear property is different from actually measured frequency components, in other words, a nonlinear vibration compaction model cannot accurately simulate the rolling process of the vibratory roller is proved;
When the asphalt mixture is rolled, exciting force generated by vibration of the vibration wheel and self mass are in constant states; the feedback signals (vibration acceleration, speed and displacement) of the vibration wheel are correspondingly changed because the interaction time between the asphalt mixture and the vibration wheel is changed, so that when the vibration parameters of the road roller are not changed, the change rule of the self resistance of the asphalt mixture structure is further analyzed by detecting the change of the feedback signals of the vibration wheel, and the compaction state of the asphalt mixture is perceived;
In a dynamic test object during compaction operation, compared with the change degree of displacement and speed, the vibration acceleration is more sensitive and the information is relatively easy to obtain, so that a vibration acceleration signal fed back by a vibration wheel is taken as a focus attention object in the research process;
In summary, by taking a dynamic method as a theoretical basis and a measuring system as a technical means, aiming at a real-time continuous detection technology of asphalt mixture during compaction operation, compaction information is represented by measuring and acquiring dynamic change feedback signals (vibration acceleration, speed and displacement) of a road roller, so that complicated theoretical calculation is avoided, the detailed degree of relevant parameters of compaction equipment can be reduced, and the practical value is higher in actual construction;
Therefore, on the basis of theoretical analysis of a dynamic model of a vibratory roller-pressed material, the frequency composition and the energy distribution characteristic of an acceleration feedback signal in vibration compaction operation are obtained to represent compaction state information of the asphalt mixture, so that intelligent construction is realized on an asphalt mixture pavement.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A dynamic measurement method based on the working state between a vibratory roller and a compacted material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
presetting a parameter state before establishing a mathematical model;
establishing a vibration mechanics equation based on the mechanics model analysis of the asphalt mixture;
Establishing an equivalent stiffness relation of the asphalt mixture pavement based on the pavement mechanical model;
calculating and solving the equivalent rigidity of the asphalt mixture pavement and the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
And (3) carrying out parameter analysis on the vibratory roller, and establishing and solving a linear vibration compaction dynamics equation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material is based on a dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material,
The parameter state before the mathematical model is preset and established specifically comprises the following steps:
The compressed lay-up material is considered to be an elastomer with a certain stiffness and damping, the damping of which is linear damping;
simplifying the vibration pressing path into a mass concentration block with certain mass;
The vibratory roller is kept in close contact with the ground all the time during compaction.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material is based on a dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material,
The mechanical model analysis based on the asphalt mixture establishes a vibration mechanical equation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
analyzing the pavement compacting operation of the asphalt mixture to obtain dynamic compaction mathematical characteristics of the asphalt mixture, wherein the dynamic compaction mathematical characteristics are expressed as viscoelastoplasticity, namely an elastoplasticity stage, and nonlinear variation in the elastoplasticity stage;
Analyzing the dynamic compaction mathematical characteristics of nonlinear variation of the mixture, sequentially representing the mechanical performance of the asphalt mixture through viscoelastic-plastic and plastic objects, and establishing a mechanical model synchronous and equivalent to the asphalt mixture;
simplifying the asphalt mixture into a pavement mechanical model under the action of a vibratory roller, and showing a vibration mechanical equation:
Wherein: f 0 sin (ωt) -vibratory roller excitation force;
m 2 -equivalent mass of asphalt mixture pavement;
-instantaneous vibration acceleration;
omega-eccentric mass rotational deceleration;
c 2 -equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
equivalent stiffness of k-asphalt mixture pavement.
4. A method of dynamically measuring the operational state between a vibratory roller and a compacted material according to claim 3,
The method for establishing the equivalent stiffness relation of the asphalt mixture pavement based on the pavement mechanical model specifically comprises the following steps:
as can be seen from the solution using the elastomehc method, the contact surface reaction force n= kfx;
wherein f is a complex function, k is the equivalent stiffness of the asphalt mixture pavement, and k is set to be determined by the rebound modulus E of the asphalt mixture pavement and the Poisson ratio mu of the asphalt mixture;
the equivalent stiffness relationship for the asphalt mixture pavement is expressed as:
wherein: modulus of resilience of E-asphalt mixture pavement;
r-equivalent radius of circle of contact surface;
mu-Poisson ratio of the mixture, and the value is 0.35;
Because the shape of the contact surface of the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture is approximately rectangular and cannot meet the modeling shape requirement during actual compaction operation, the contact surface is equivalently converted into a circle according to the area value by utilizing an equivalent area conversion method, the circle is called as a contact surface equivalent circle, and the radius of the contact surface equivalent circle is r;
By setting the width of the vibrating wheel of the vibratory roller as L and the contact arc length of the vibrating wheel and the asphalt pavement as D, the contact area S=LD between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt pavement can be known, and the corresponding equivalent circle area S=LD=pi r 2 and the equivalent circle radius can be reversely pushed After the coefficient is optimized and correctedThe contact arc length D of the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement is expressed as D= Rsin β by using a trigonometric function relation, so that the equivalent circle radius r value is obtained, namely:
wherein: r-vibration wheel radius;
and the included angle between the tangent line of the contact point of the beta-vibration wheel and the mixture and the horizontal direction is referred to the standard beta to take a value of 6 degrees.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material is performed,
The method for calculating and solving the equivalent rigidity of the asphalt mixture pavement and the equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement specifically comprises the following steps:
Obtaining an equivalent stiffness relation expression of the asphalt mixture pavement according to pavement mechanics model analysis And the equivalent circle radius r, so as to further obtain a calculation formula of equivalent rigidity of the asphalt mixture pavement and equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
specifically, substituting the formula (3) into the formula (2) to obtain an equivalent stiffness relation of the asphalt mixture pavement:
and synchronously establishing an equivalent damping calculation formula between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement:
wherein: c 2 -equivalent damping between the vibrating wheel and the asphalt mixture pavement;
The damping ratio of the eta-asphalt mixture is 0.1 according to the reference specification;
Equivalent stiffness of k-asphalt mixture pavement;
m 2 -equivalent mass of asphalt mixture pavement/vibrating wheel;
-an additional mass coefficient, the value of which is 0.0117 by interpolation;
Further establishes a vibration following mass relation of the asphalt mixture, and comprises an equivalent mass m 2 and an additional mass coefficient of an asphalt mixture pavement/vibration wheel Expressed as:
6. the method of claim 5, wherein the dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material is performed,
The method for analyzing parameters of the vibratory roller, which is used for establishing and solving a linear vibration compaction dynamics equation, specifically comprises the following steps:
Establishing a mass distribution formula of the frame and the vibrating wheel of the vibratory roller;
Establishing a vibration frequency parameter formula;
analyzing the exciting force of the vibratory roller;
Establishing a linear vibration compaction kinetic equation;
and solving a linear vibration compaction kinetic equation.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material is performed,
The method for establishing the mass distribution formula of the vibratory roller frame and the vibration wheel specifically comprises the following steps:
Aiming at the recording of the mass ratio of the entering and the exiting of different groups of vibratory rollers, when the distribution ratio of a frame to a vibration wheel of the vibratory roller is 1.4, the compaction effect of the vibratory roller on an asphalt mixture pavement is optimal, and m 1 and m 2 are respectively the frame mass and the equivalent mass of the vibration wheel, so that a mass distribution formula is listed:
m1/m2＝1.4 (7)
the establishing a vibration frequency parameter formula specifically comprises the following steps:
vibration frequencies of the vibratory roller are divided into a high-frequency working state and a low-frequency working state, the high-frequency vibration frequency or the low-frequency vibration frequency is selected for compaction operation according to the pavement property of the pressed asphalt mixture, and a vibration frequency parameter formula is established:
f＝n/60 (8)
ω＝2πf＝πn/30 (9)
wherein: f-vibration frequency of the road roller, HZ;
Omega-vibrating wheel angular velocity, rad/s;
The vibration period s of the T-road roller;
n-vibrator speed, r/min.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material is performed,
The method for analyzing the exciting force of the vibratory roller specifically comprises the following steps:
the relation of the exciting force of the vibratory roller is established through the eccentric block of the vibrating wheel and the angular speed of the vibrating wheel, and is expressed as:
F0＝Meω2 (11)
Wherein: f 0 -exciting force of the vibratory roller;
m e -static eccentricity of the vibrating wheel;
Omega-vibrating wheel angular velocity.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material is based on a dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material,
The establishment of the linear vibration compaction kinetic equation specifically comprises the following steps:
establishing a two-degree-of-freedom linear vibratory compaction kinetic equation set of a vibratory roller-compacted material:
In the equation set:
m 11 -loading mass, kg; m 22 -get-off mass, kg; m 33/m3 -vibration following mass of asphalt mixture, kg;
omega-excitation frequency, rad/s; f 0, exciting force and N;
k 1、k2(K1、K2) -damper, ply material stiffness, N/m; c 1、C2 -damper, ply material damping, ns/m; x 1、x2、x3 -getting on or off the vehicle and instantaneously displacing along with vibration material, m;
-vehicle speed (m/s), acceleration (m/s 2);
-speed of getting off (m/s), acceleration (m/s 2);
solving the above equation set can be achieved:
Wherein: a 1＝K1-m11ω2,B1＝C1 ω;
A2＝K1,B2＝C1ω2；
C＝(m22+m33)m1ω4-(m22+m33)K1ω2-m11K2ω2-C1C2ω2+K1K2-m11K1ω2;
D＝K2C1ω+K1C2ω-(m22+m33)C1ω3-m11C1ω3-m11C2ω3;
The first-order and second-order natural frequencies (angular frequencies) omega 1、ω2 of the vibration system in the undamped state are respectively as follows:
wherein: g= (m 22+m33)K1+m11K2+m11K1;
from equation (15), when the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibratory roller are unchanged, the vibration acceleration amplitude in the vertical direction of the vibratory roller is only related to the rigidity (K) and damping (C) of the compacted material;
The rigidity and damping of the compacted material are changed continuously along with the compaction, so that the vibration acceleration amplitude is also a dynamic value which is changed continuously along with the compaction; stiffness refers to the ability of a structure or material to resist elastic deformation when subjected to a force, indirectly reflecting the compaction of the compacted material by stiffness, so that vibratory accelerations associated with the stiffness of the material being worked can reflect the compaction of the compacted material.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the dynamic measurement of the operational state between the vibratory roller and the compacted material is performed,
The solving of the linear vibration compaction kinetic equation specifically comprises:
Based on a contact mechanics theory, a new parameter alpha is introduced to replace amplitude so as to further represent the change property of the nonlinear spring, thereby being beneficial to solving the vibration response period and further describing the complexity of the frequency structure in a vibration feedback signal; thus, the resultant nonlinear vibratory compaction resistance is expressed as:
The formula (19) is combined with the formula (6), y=x 2, The derived deformation can be converted into a kinetic equation:
The above equation is approximated by normal perturbation, and when α=0, the nonlinear equation (20) of the original system is converted into the linear equation of the derived system:
The conversion principle is as follows: taking the formula (20) as a derived system of the formula (19), wherein the natural frequency of the derived system is omega 0, if a periodic solution exists in the original system, carrying out proper correction on the basis of the periodic solution y 0 (t) of the derived system, so as to form a periodic solution y 0 (t, a) of the original system;
The periodic solution y 0 (t, a) is expanded by a power series with the parameter α:
y0(t,a)＝y0(t)+ay1(t)+a2y2(t)+T (22)
bringing equation (22) into equation (21) yields a set of linear differential equations as follows:
Regarding the linear differential equation set (23) of the formula alpha, a 1～an is infinitely close to a 0, in this state, the damping equivalent stiffness in the vibration compaction process is zero, let A be the vibration wheel amplitude value, so that the vibration wheel response is related to the excitation force, and then the approximate solution of the equation a 0 is obtained:
Substituting y 0 in equation (24) into a 1 equation and developing and deriving by using trigonometric function exponentiation formula:
let B1, B2 be vibratory roller amplitude value, calculate approximate solution method with reference to a 0 equation and periodic function, calculate a 1 equation:
All approximate solutions of a 1～an linear differential equation set can be obtained according to the equation solving method, and then the solution is substituted into the equation (22) to obtain the original system equation solution:
y1＝(A+B1α+C1α2+…)sinωt+(B2α+C2α2+…)sin3ωt+(C3α2+…)sin5ωt+… (27)
Solving equation expressions of corresponding acceleration and speed by utilizing the derivative of the equation (27), if the results are similar to the equation (27), namely, vibration responses of 3 omega and 5 omega which are frequency periodic changes are generated, but vibration responses of 2 omega and 4 omega which are frequency periodic changes are not generated, the fact that the complexity of the asphalt mixture determines the nonlinear property of the asphalt mixture, and the nonlinear property is different from actually measured frequency components, in other words, a nonlinear vibration compaction model cannot accurately simulate the rolling process of the vibratory roller is proved;
When the asphalt mixture is rolled, exciting force generated by vibration of the vibration wheel and self mass are in constant states; the feedback signals (vibration acceleration, speed and displacement) of the vibration wheel correspondingly change because the interaction time between the asphalt mixture and the vibration wheel changes, so that when the vibration parameters of the road roller are not changed, the change rule of the self resistance of the asphalt mixture structure is further analyzed by detecting the change of the feedback signals of the vibration wheel, and the compaction state of the asphalt mixture is perceived.
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