CN118401527A - 化合物 - Google Patents
化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118401527A CN118401527A CN202280079133.5A CN202280079133A CN118401527A CN 118401527 A CN118401527 A CN 118401527A CN 202280079133 A CN202280079133 A CN 202280079133A CN 118401527 A CN118401527 A CN 118401527A
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Abstract
本发明公开了式(I)的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐:其中Y、n、R1、R2和R3具有本文所述的含义。该化合物可用作蛋白质或脂质激酶的抑制剂(特别是作为PIM激酶家族成员例如PIM‑1、PIM‑2或PIM‑3的抑制剂),并且可用于治疗多种病症、特别是癌症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新的药学上有用的化合物,该化合物可用作蛋白质或脂质激酶的抑制剂(如PIM激酶家族成员例如PIM-1、PIM-2或PIM-3的抑制剂)。本发明还涉及此类化合物作为药物的用途、此类化合物在哺乳动物细胞(或相关病理状况)的体外、原位和体内诊断或治疗中的用途、包含它们的药物组合物、以及生产它们的合成路线。
背景技术
蛋白激酶(PK)的功能障碍是许多疾病的标志。大部分参与人类癌症的癌基因和原癌基因编码PK。PK活性的增强也与许多非恶性疾病有关,所述疾病例如为良性前列腺增生、家族性腺瘤病、息肉病、神经纤维瘤病、银屑病、与动脉粥样硬化相关的血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肺纤维化、关节炎肾小球肾炎以及术后狭窄和再狭窄。PK还与炎性病症以及病毒与寄生虫的繁殖有关。PK还可能在神经退行性疾病的发病机制和病情发展中发挥重要作用。
作为PK功能异常或失调的一般参考,例如参见Current Opinion in ChemicalBiology 1999,3,459-465。
PIM-1是由诱导T细胞淋巴瘤的小鼠白血病病毒激活的原癌基因(Moloney小鼠白血病病毒(MoMuLV)的原病毒整合位点)[Cuypers,H.T.,et.al.Cell,1984,37,141-150]。
该原癌基因的表达产生313个残基的非跨膜丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,其包括由253个氨基酸残基组成的激酶结构域。通过选择性起始(alternative initiation)获知两种亚型(p44和p33)[Saris,C.J.M.et al.EMBO J.1991,10,655-664]。
PIM-1、PIM-2和PIM-3使得在癌症生成和进展中重要的蛋白质底物磷酸化。例如,尤其是PIM-1使得p21、Bad、c-myb、Cdc 25A和eIF4B磷酸化(参见例如Quian,K.C.et al,J.Biol.Chem.2005,280(7),6130-6137,以及其中引用的参考文献)。
目前已经描述了两种PIM-1同系物[Baytel,D.Biochem.Biophys.Acta 1998,1442,274-285;Feldman,J.et al.J.Biol.Chem.1998,273,16535.16543]。PIM-2和PIM-3在氨基酸水平上与PIM-1分别具有58%和69%的同一性。PIM-1主要在胸腺、睾丸和造血系统的细胞中表达[Mikkers,H.;Nawijn,M.;Allen,J.;Brouwers,C.;Verhoeven,E.;Jonkers,J.;Berns,Mol.Cell.Biol.2004,24,6104;Bachmann,M.;Moroy,T.Int.J.Biochem.CellBiol.2005,37,726-730.6115]。PIM-1表达由STAT(信号转导子和转录激活子)转录因子直接诱导,并且通过许多细胞因子信号转导通路诱导PIM-1表达,所述细胞因子例如为白细胞介素(IL)、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、α-和γ-干扰素、红细胞生成素和催乳素[Wang,Z et al.J.Vet.Sci.2001,2,167-179]。
PIM-1与淋巴瘤的发展有关。PIM-1和原癌基因c-myc的诱导表达协同作用增加了淋巴瘤的发生率[Breuer,M.et al.Nature 1989,340,61-63;van Lohuizen M.etal.Cell,1991,65,737-752]。PIM-1在细胞因子信号转导通路中起作用,并已显示出在T细胞的发育中起作用[Schmidt,T.et al.EMBO J.1998,17,5349-5359;Jacobs,H.et al.JEM1999,190,1059-1068]。经由gp130(IL-6细胞因子家族的受体所共有的亚基)的信号转导激活转录因子STAT3,并可导致造血细胞的增殖[Hirano,T.et al.Oncogene 2000,19,2548-2556]。激酶活性的PIM-1看来是gp130介导的STAT3增殖信号所必需的。PIM-1联合c-myc可以促进STAT3介导的细胞周期进展和抗凋亡[Shirogane,T.et al.,Immunity,1999,11,709-719]。PIM-1看来对于IL-3刺激的骨髓源性肥大细胞的生长[Domen,J.et al.,Blood,1993,82,1445-1452]和IL-3撤除后FDCP1细胞的存活[Lilly,M.et al.,Oncogene,1999,18,4022-4031]也是必需的。
此外,PIM-1对细胞增殖和存活的控制可能是通过其使已确认的细胞周期调节因子cdc25[Mochizuki,T.et al.,J.Biol.Chem.1999,274,18659-18666]和/或p21(Cip1/WAF1)[Wang Z.et al.Biochim.Biophys.Acta 2002,1593,45-55]磷酸化或者使异染色质蛋白1(一种参与染色质结构和转录调节的分子)磷酸化[Koike,N.et al,FEBS Lett.2000,467,17-21]来实现的。
缺乏所有这三种PIM基因的小鼠显示出对造血生长因子的反应受损,并证明了PIM蛋白对于外周T淋巴细胞的有效增殖是必需的。特别是,已证实,PIM功能对于响应于协同的T细胞受体和IL-2信号转导实现T细胞的有效的细胞周期诱导是必需的。已经鉴定出了大量的PIM-1的相互作用伴侣和底物,表明了PIM-1在细胞周期控制、增殖以及细胞存活中的关键作用。
这种激酶的致癌潜能首先在EμPIM-1转基因小鼠中得到证实,在该小鼠中PIM-1过表达是靶向于B细胞谱系,其导致B细胞肿瘤的形成[van Lohuizen,M.et al.;Cell 1989,56,673-682]。随后,据报道,在多种前列腺癌、红白血病和若干其他类型的人类白血病中存在PIM-1的过表达[Roh,M.et al.;.Cancer Res.2003,63,8079-8084;Valdman,A.et al;Prostate 2004,60,367-371]。
例如,在弥漫性大细胞淋巴瘤中,PIM-1的染色体易位导致PIM-1的过表达[Akasaka,H.et al.;Cancer Res.2000,60,2335-2341]。此外,据报道,在神经系统淋巴瘤和AIDS诱导的非霍奇金淋巴瘤中存在PIM-1的多种错义突变,这些突变可能影响PIM-1激酶活性或稳定性[Pasqualucci,L.et al,Nature 2001,412,341-346;Montesinos-Rongen,M.et al.,Blood 2004,103,1869-1875;Gaidano,G.et al.,Blood 2003,102,1833-184]。因此,所报道的过表达数据与癌症中PIM-1突变的发生率之间的强关联性表明了PIM-1在肿瘤发生中起主导作用。
PIM1的过表达伴随着对放疗和各种形式的化疗(包括基于铂和基于紫杉烷的治疗)反应不佳。部分原因是药物转运蛋白诱导PIM。此外,PIM对诸如PI3K、PI3K/mTOR、AKT、丙酮酸脱氢酶和mTOR抑制剂等靶向治疗产生耐药性。另一方面,PIM通路已被证明在诸如EGFR、MET和ALK抑制剂等TKI治疗后被激活。PIM激酶也与采用VEGF-A和VEGFR靶向药物的血管生成治疗时的耐药性有关(Review by Toth RK,Warfel NA.Mol Cancer Ther.2021Jan;20(1):3-10)。
此外,在癌症中,PIM-1通过包括乳腺癌耐药蛋白(BRCP)、Etk4、P-糖蛋白(P-gp)和FMS样酪氨酸激酶3(FLT3)在内的各种靶标的相互作用和磷酸化产生PIM-1相关的耐药性,使其成为癌症治疗中有前途的靶点(Toth RK和Warfel NA,见上文)。
PIM激酶在CD4+T细胞中在TCR和细胞因子信号转导后表达,并在CD4+T增殖和初始CD4+T细胞的完全激活和分化、以及效应CD4+T细胞的应答中起作用,使得抑制PIM可以在T细胞介导的疾病如炎症性肠病(IBD)中提供治疗益处(Jackson et al.CellImmunol.2012;272(2):200-13;Shen Y,et al.Biomed Res.2017;28:8267—70)。
事实上,在两种不同的炎症性肠病小鼠模型中,抑制Pim-1激酶会通过促进T细胞分化为Foxp3+调节性T细胞,并通过下调过量的Th1型和Th17型免疫应答和抑制巨噬细胞的过度激活,从而减轻IBD(Yue-Ming Shen et al.,Dig Dis Sci 2012Jul;57(7):1822-31;Yueming Shen,Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol.2018Sep;42(4):382-386)。
此外,由IL6上调的PIM-1会抑制FOXP3,从而在体外抑制Tregs的抑制活性,因此靶向PIM-1可以提高抗肿瘤免疫疗法的疗效(Z.Li,et al.,J.Biol.Chem.289(2014)26872–26881)。
同样,PIM激酶显示出淋巴细胞和NK细胞通过细胞因子的产生和NF-kB、MYC和mTOR通路的激活介导免疫调节应答(Z.Liu,etal.Am.J.Cancer Res.10(2020)4085–4097)。
此外,长型PIM-1激酶可以通过与CD180结合将炎症传递到B细胞存活程序中,使得在B细胞活性增加的自身免疫性疾病中,抑制PIM可以提供新的治疗选择(Egli N,.PLoSOne 2015;10:e0142741)。
所有这些数据表明,PIM可能是预防和治疗人类特异性自身免疫性疾病的一个新的潜在治疗靶点。
PIM-1在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)疾病活动期患者的PBMC和狼疮小鼠模型的肾脏中上调。从机制上讲,PIM-1激活NFATc1的表达,并通过细胞内Ca2+诱导肾小球损伤来调节NLRP3炎症小体的激活。此外,抑制PIM可减轻狼疮小鼠模型中的肾脏疾病并降低死亡率,因此,将PIM定位为人类狼疮性肾炎的治疗靶点(Rong Fu et al.ArthritisRheumatol.2019Aug;71(8):1308-1318)。
类风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种以多关节慢性炎症为特征的系统性自身免疫性疾病。已发现PIM-1在RA滑膜组织中上调,并在类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞(RA-FLS)中被TNF-α、IL-6或S100A4诱导。此外,抑制PIM会显著降低体外RA-FLS的促炎细胞因子诱导的增殖迁移和MMP的产生(You-Jung Ha,Rheumatology(Oxford).2019Jan 1;58(1):154-164)。
另一方面,抑制PIM激酶会使显示出PIM1高表达的早期RA患者的CD4+T细胞的促炎效应功能降低,显著消除了类似RA的关节炎模型的进展,并降低了软骨破坏(Nicola JManey et al.Arthritis Rheumatol.2021Oct;73(10):1820-1830)。这些结果表明PIM-1可能是RA的潜在治疗靶点。
将银屑病转录组数据集的网络分析与临床相关的临床前模型相结合的综合生物学方法阐明了IL-22在银屑病中的功能,并将PIM1确定为该疾病的可能治疗靶点(GayathriK Perera et al.Sci Transl Med.2014Feb 12;6(223):223ra22)。
PIM激酶也与神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病(AD)有关。在此类患者中,磷酸化的PARS40与Aβ和tau病理以及认知缺陷相关。PIM是大脑中可作用于PARS40的激酶。在AD小鼠模型中,抑制PIM1会降低PRAS40的磷酸化,这与Aβ和Tau病理的减少以及通过增加蛋白酶体功能来挽救认知缺陷有关(Ramon Velazquez et al.Mol Neurodegener.2016Jul 13;11(1):52)。
为了有效地复制病毒,人类免疫缺陷病毒2型通过利用病毒蛋白X(Vpx)抑制宿主先天免疫系统。PIM激酶使慢病毒Vpx磷酸化,从而调控其下调SAMHD1的功能,并降低病毒感染能力,这意味着PIM激酶可能代表慢病毒感染的潜在治疗靶点(Kei Miyakawa et al.NatCommun.2019Apr 23;10(1):1844)。
文献中描述了几种其他的蛋白激酶,其中这些蛋白激酶的活性和/或升高的活性以与PIM-1、PIM-2和PIM-3相似的方式与疾病如癌症有关。
对于提供可替代的和/或更有效的蛋白激酶抑制剂、尤其是PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3的抑制剂,存在持续的需求。期望这类调节剂提供用于管理与PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3蛋白激酶的活性和/或升高的活性相关的医学病症的可替代和/或改进的方法。
WO2011/080510总体描述了具有作为激酶抑制剂、特别是作为PIM家族激酶抑制剂的活性的三环化合物,以及它们的中间体和制备方法。然而,该文献没有公开本文所描述和要求保护的化合物类别、特别是特定的化合物。
本说明书中对看似在先公开的文件的列举或讨论不应当被视为承认该文件是现有技术的一部分或是公知常识。
发明内容
在本发明的一个方面,提供了式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐:
其中
Y选自由C(Ra)(Rb)和NRc组成的组;
Ra、Rb和Rc各自独立地选自由H和C1-6烷基组成的组;
n是1至3;
各R1选自由卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基和C1-6卤代烷氧基组成的组;
R2是C1-4烷基;并且
R3选自由H和C1-3烷基组成的组。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种药物制剂,其包括如本文所定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐,与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体(carrier)混合。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了如本文定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐,用作药物。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了如本文所定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐,用于治疗已知蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)在其中发挥作用的病症。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了如本文定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐在制备用于治疗已知蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)在其中发挥作用的病症的药物中的用途。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种用于对有需要的受试者中已知蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)在其中发挥作用的病症进行治疗的方法,该方法包括向受试者施用如本文定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了如本文所定义的式I的化合物在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括向患有或易患该病的患者施用治疗有效量的如本文所定义的式I的化合物。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了一种如本文所定义的式I的化合物,用于治疗癌症。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种组合,包括:
(A)如本文定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐;和
(B)另一种治疗剂。
附图说明
图1显示了本发明的三种实施例化合物的抗增殖活性,示出了用三种实施例化合物和比较例1(WO2011/080510中的例19)处理后72小时,A549(肺癌)和MiaPaca(胰腺癌)细胞系中细胞的活力;
图2比较了针对这些细胞系,用本发明的三种化合物处理时相对于比较例1处理时的GI50倍数变化;
图3显示了本发明的三种实施例化合物和比较例1的化合物在Balb/C小鼠模型中的药代动力学,示出了当化合物以5mg/kg静脉内施用时,每种化合物的浓度作为时间的函数;
图4显示了本发明的三种实施例化合物和比较例1的化合物在Balb/C小鼠模型中的药代动力学,示出了当化合物以10mg/kg口服施用时,每种化合物的浓度作为时间的函数;
图5显示了本发明的三种实施例化合物的抗增殖活性,示出了用三种实施例化合物和比较例1处理后72小时,MV4:11(急性髓细胞性白血病)、HT-29(结肠癌)、Jeko1(套细胞淋巴瘤)和SKMEL19
(黑素瘤)细胞系中细胞的活力;
图6比较了针对这些细胞系,用本发明的三种化合物处理时相对于比较例1处理时的GI50倍数变化;
图7示出了与对照组(载剂(vehicle))相比,用25mg/kg、50mg/kg和100mg/kg剂量的实施例1的化合物处理后0至21天的肿瘤体积;
图8示出了与对照组(载剂)相比,用25mg/kg、50mg/kg和100mg/kg剂量的实施例1的化合物处理后0至21天的体重的百分比变化;
图9示出了实施例1的化合物抑制产生Th1和Th17应答的效果;和
图10表明了实施例1的化合物促进产生iTreg应答。
具体实施方式
优点和出乎意料的发现
本发明人已经发现,与WO2011/080510中公开的结构最接近的化合物相比,本发明的化合物对多种癌症细胞系表现出令人惊讶的改进的活性,特别是抗增殖活性。因此,与WO2011/080510中公开的最接近的化合物相比,本发明的化合物具有作为药物开发的潜力,以用于治疗一系列适应症、特别是癌症,并提高了患者体内的疗效。
本发明人还发现,与WO2011/080510中公开的结构最接近的化合物相比,本发明的化合物表现出令人惊讶的改进的药代动力学活性。因此,这意味着与WO2011/080510中公开的最接近的化合物相比,本发明的化合物将更大程度地暴露于体内的作用位点,从而赋予了开发作为具有改进的体内疗效或在较低剂量下体内疗效相当的药物的潜力。
定义
“烷基”本身是指具有碳原子链的直链或支链饱和脂族基团。通常使用CX烷基和CX-Y烷基,其中X和Y表示链中的碳原子数。例如,C1-6烷基包括具有1至6个碳的链烷基(例如,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-甲基丁基、新戊基、正己基、2-甲基戊基和2-乙基丁基)。在一些实施方案中,烷基可以是C1-4烷基、C1-3烷基或C1-2烷基。或者,烷基可以是C1烷基、C2烷基或C3烷基。
“烷氧基”是指“-O-烷基”,其中“烷基”在其最广泛的方面或优选的方面如上文所定义。例如,C1-6烷氧基包括具有1至6个碳的链烷氧基(例如,甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、异丁基氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、新戊氧基、正己氧基、2-甲基戊氧基和2-乙基丁氧基)。在一些实施方案中,烷氧基可以是C1-4烷氧基、C1-3烷氧基或C1-2烷氧基。或者,“烷氧基”可以是C1烷氧基、C2烷氧基或C3烷氧基。
“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
“卤代烷基”是指如上定义的烷基,无论是在其最广泛的方面还是在优选的方面,被一个或多个如上定义的卤原子取代,优选被氟或氯取代,更优选被氟取代。卤原子的数量仅受烷基上可取代位置的数量的限制,但可以是1至5个,特别是1、2或3个。在一个实施方案中,“卤代烷基”包括全卤代烷基(即所有氢原子被卤原子取代,特别是被氟原子取代)。例如,C1-6卤代烷基包括被一个或多个卤素取代的、具有1至6个碳的链烷基,例如,单、二或三氟甲基;单、二或三氯甲基;单、二、三、四或五氟乙基;单、二、三、四或五氟乙基;1-、2-或3-氟丙基、1-或2-氟异丙基、1,2,3-或4-氟正丁基、1,2,3,4或5-氟正戊基、1,2,3,4,5或6-氟正己基。在一些实施方案中,卤代烷基可以是C1-4卤代烷基、C1-3卤代烷基或C1-2卤代烷基。或者,卤代烷基可以是C1卤代烷基、C2卤代烷基或者C3卤代烷基。在一些实施方案中,卤代烷基可以是三氟甲基。
“卤代烷氧基”是指如上定义的烷氧基,无论在其最广泛的方面还是在优选的方面,被一个或多个如上定义的卤原子取代,优选被氟或氯取代,更优选被氟取代。卤原子的数量仅受烷氧基上可取代位置的数量的限制,但可以是1至5个,特别是1、2或3个。在一个实施方案中,“卤代烷氧基”包括全卤代烷氧基(即所有氢原子被卤原子取代,特别是被氟原子取代)。例如,C1-6卤代烷氧基包括被一个或多个卤素取代的、具有1至6个碳的链烷氧基,例如,单、二或三氟甲氧基;单、二或三氯甲氧基;单、二、三、四或五氟乙氧基;单、二、三、四或五氟乙氧基;1-、2-或3-氟正丙氧基、1-或2-氟异丙氧基、1,2,3-或4-氟正丁氧基、1,2,3,4或5-氟正戊氧基、1,2,3,4,5或6-氟正己氧基。在一些实施方案中,卤代烷氧基可以是C1-4卤代烷氧基、C1-3卤代烷氧基或C1-2卤代烷烷氧基。或者,卤代烷氧基可以是C1卤代烷氧基、C2卤代烷氧基或C3卤代烷氧基。在一些实施方案中,卤代烷氧基可以是三氟甲氧基。
化合物
本发明的化合物是式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐:
其中:
Y选自由C(Ra)(Rb)和NRc组成的组;
Ra、Rb和Rc各自独立地选自由H和C1-6烷基组成的组;
n是1至3;
各R1选自由卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基和C1-6卤代烷氧基组成的组;
R2是C1-4烷基;并且
R3选自由H和C1-3烷基组成的组。
在本发明的化合物中,Y选自由C(Ra)(Rb)和NRc组成的组。
在一个实施方案中,Ra和Rb各自独立地选自由H和C1-4烷基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,Ra和Rb各自独立地选自由H、甲基和乙基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,Ra和Rb各自独立地选自由H和甲基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,Ra和Rb都是H。
在一个实施方案中,Rc选自由H和C1-4烷基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,Rc选自由H、甲基和乙基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,Rc选自由H和甲基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,Rc是H。在一个方案中,Rc是甲基。
在一个实施方案中,Y选自由CH2和N(CH3)组成的组。在一个实施方案中,Y是CH2。在一个实施方案中,Y是N(CH3)。
在本发明的化合物中,n是在带有非氢取代基R1的苯环上的取代基R1的数量。在本发明的化合物中,n是1、2或3。在一个实施方案中,n是1或2。在一个实施方案中,n是1。在一个实施方案中,n是2。
在本发明的化合物中,各R1选自由卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基和C1-6卤代烷氧基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,各R1选自由卤素、C1-6卤代烷基和C1-6卤代烷氧基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,各R1选自由F、Cl、C1-4卤代烷基和C1-4卤代烷氧基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,各R1选自由F、Cl、C1-2卤代烷基和C1-2卤代烷氧基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,各R1选自由F、单或二或三氟甲基、以及单或二或三氟甲氧基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,各R1选自由F、CF3和OCF3组成的组。
在一个实施方案中,R1是卤素。在一个实施方案中,R1是F或Cl。在一个实施方案中,R1是F。在一个实施方案中,R1是CH3。在一个实施方案中,R1是CH2F。在一个实施方案中,R1是CHF2。在一个实施方案中,R1是CF3。在一个实施方案中,R1是OCH3。在一个实施方案中,R1是OCH2F。在一个实施方案中,R1是OCHF2。在一个实施方案中,R1是OCF3。
在一个实施方案中,n是1,并且R1是OCF3。在一个实施方案中,n是2,一个R1是F,而另一个是CF3。
在本发明的化合物中,R2是C1-4烷基。在一个实施方案中,R2是甲基、乙基或正丙基。在一个实施方案中,R2是甲基或乙基。在一个实施方案中,R2是CH3。
在本发明的化合物中,R3选自由H和C1-3烷基组成的组。在一个实施方案中,R3是H、甲基、乙基或正丙基。在一个实施方案中,R3是H、甲基或乙基。在一个实施方案中,R3是H或CH3。在一个实施方案中,R3是H。
在一个实施方案中,环己烷部分上的OH基团与将其结合到分子的剩余部分的氨基部分呈顺式关系。在一个实施方案中,环己烷部分上的OH基团与将其结合到分子的剩余部分的氨基部分呈反式关系。
在一个实施方案中,Y选自由CH2和N(CH3)组成的组;n是1或2;各R1选自由卤素、C1-6卤代烷基和C1-6卤代烷氧基组成的组;R2是甲基、乙基或正丙基;并且R3是H、甲基或乙基。
在一个实施方案中,Y选自由CH2和N(CH3)组成的组;n是1或2;各R1选自由F、Cl、C1-2卤代烷基和C1-2卤代烷氧基组成的组;R2是甲基或乙基;并且R3是H或甲基。
在一个实施方案中,Y选自由CH2和N(CH3)组成的组;n是1或2;各R1选自由F、单或二或三氟甲基、以及单或二或三氟甲氧基组成的组;R2是甲基;并且R3是H。
在一个实施方案中,提供了下式的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐:
在一个实施方案中,提供了下式的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐:
在一个实施方案中,提供了下式的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐:
一般方法
式I的化合物可以根据方案1合成。
在方案1中,Y、n、R1、R2和R3如上所定义,并且LG1表示合适的离去基团,例如碘、溴、氯或磺酸基(例如,-OS(O)2CF3、-OS(O)2CH3或-OS(O)2-对甲苯基)。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种制备如本文所定义的式I的化合物的方法,该方法包括式II化合物与式III化合物的反应:
其中LG1表示合适的离去基团,例如碘、溴、氯或磺酸基(例如,-OS(O)2CF3、-OS(O)2CH3或-OS(O)2-对甲苯基),并且R1和Y如上所定义:
其中R2和R3如上所定义。
该方法可以在适合芳香族化合物上的离去基团被氨基取代的任意条件下进行。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的金属催化剂(或其盐或络合物)的存在下进行反应。对催化剂的性质没有特别的限制,只要它能够催化芳香族化合物上的离去基团被氨基取代即可。合适的催化剂的实例包括Cu、Cu(OAc)2、CuI(或CuI/二胺络合物)、溴化三(三苯基膦)铜、Pd(OAc)2、三(二亚苄基丙酮)-二钯(0)(Pd2(dba)3)或NiCl2,以及任选的添加剂如三苯基膦(Ph3P)、2,2'-双(二苯基膦)-1,1'-联萘、(9,9-二甲基-9H-氧杂蒽-4,5-二基)双(二苯基膦)(Xantphos)、NaI或合适的冠醚如18-冠-6-苯。优选Xantphos。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的碱存在下进行反应。对碱没有特别的限制,只要它能够起到碱的作用即可。合适的碱的实例包括例如NaH、三乙基胺、吡啶、N,N'-二甲基乙二胺、Na2CO3、K2CO3、K3PO4、Cs2CO3、叔丁醇钠或叔丁醇钾(或其混合物),任选地存在分子筛。优选叔丁醇钠。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的溶剂中进行反应。对溶剂没有特别的限制,只要它对反应是惰性的并且能够至少在一定程度上溶解反应物即可。合适的溶剂的实例包括二氯甲烷、二氧六环、甲苯、乙醇、异丙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚、水、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、四氢呋喃或其混合物。优选二氧六环。
在可选的实施方案中,可以在微波辐射反应条件下进行反应,或者,可选地,可以不存在其他试剂如催化剂、碱甚至溶剂的情况下进行反应。
其中Y是NRc的式II化合物公开于WO2011/080510中。例如,在WO2011/080510中公开了作为中间体18的式II化合物,其中LG1是氯,Y是N-CH3,并且苯基部分上的取代基R1是间-OCF3。
式III的化合物是市售的。
其中Y是C(Ra)(Rb)的式II化合物(以下称为式IIa的化合物)可根据方案2合成。
在方案2中,n、R1、Ra和Rb如上所定义,并且LG1、LG2和LG3各自独立地表示合适的离去基团,例如碘、溴、氯或磺酸基(例如,-OS(O)2CF3、-OS(O)2CH3或-OS(O)2-对甲苯基)。
步骤(a)包括式IV的化合物与烯丙醇或醇盐在碱存在下反应,使离去基团LG3被烯丙氧基取代以形成式V的化合物。该过程可以在适合于芳香族化合物上的离去基团被醇或醇盐取代的任意条件下进行。
在适当的碱存在下进行反应。对碱没有特别的限制,只要它能够起到碱的作用即可。合适的碱的实例包括NaH、三乙胺、吡啶、N,N'-二甲基乙二胺、Na2CO3、K2CO3、K3PO4、Cs2CO3、叔丁醇钠或叔丁醇钾(或其混合物),任选地存在分子筛。优选Cs2CO3。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的溶剂中进行反应。对溶剂没有特别的限制,只要它对反应是惰性的并且能够至少在一定程度上溶解反应物即可。合适的溶剂的实例包括二氯甲烷、二氧六环、甲苯、乙醇、异丙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚、水、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、四氢呋喃或其混合物。优选乙腈。
步骤(b)包括式V的化合物与式VI的苯甲酰肼反应闭环以形成式VII的化合物。该过程可以在适合于芳香族化合物上的离去基团被醇或醇盐取代的任意条件下进行。
某些式VI的化合物是市售的。式VI的其他化合物可以通过使相应的苯甲酸或酰卤与肼反应来制备。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的酸的存在下进行反应。对酸没有特别的限制,只要它能够起到酸的作用即可。合适的酸的实例包括强无机酸如盐酸、硝酸和硫酸,以及磺酸如甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸和三氟甲磺酸。优选对甲苯磺酸。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的溶剂中进行反应。对溶剂没有特别的限制,只要它对反应是惰性的并且能够至少在一定程度上溶解反应物即可。合适的溶剂的实例包括二氯甲烷、二氧六环、甲苯、乙醇、异丙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚、水、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、四氢呋喃或其混合物。优选二氧六环。
步骤(c)包括式VII的化合物发生烯丙基重排以形成式VIII的化合物。该过程可以在适合进行这种重排的任意条件下进行。
在一个实施方案中,在微波辐射反应条件下进行反应。在一个实施方案中,简单地通过加热式VII的化合物来进行反应。典型的温度范围为50℃至200℃,优选130℃至180℃。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的溶剂中进行反应。对溶剂没有特别的限制,只要它对反应是惰性的并且能够至少在一定程度上溶解反应物即可。合适的溶剂的实例包括二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、二氧六环、甲苯、乙醇、异丙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚、水、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、四氢呋喃或其混合物。优选1,2-二氯乙烷。
步骤(d)包括将式VIII的烯烃水合以形成式IX的二醇化合物。该过程可以在能够实现水分子向烯烃的反马氏加成的任意条件下进行。
在一个实施方案中,该反应通过以下方式进行:使式VIII的烯烃发生硼氢化,随后氧化所得的烷基硼烷中间体以形成式IX的烯烃。
合适的硼氢化试剂的实例包括硼烷(任选地与醚(如四氢呋喃)或硫醚(如二甲基硫醚)形成络合物)、9-硼二环(3.3.1)壬烷(9-BBN)、邻苯二氧硼烷和二异戊基硼烷。优选硼烷-二甲基硫醚。
对氧化剂没有特别的限制,只要它能够氧化烷基硼烷,同时对分子上的其他基团是惰性的即可。合适的氧化剂的实例包括含有过氧化物基团的化合物,例如过氧化氢、过酸及其盐。优选过硼酸钠。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的溶剂中进行反应。对溶剂没有特别的限制,只要它对反应是惰性的并且能够至少在一定程度上溶解反应物即可。合适的溶剂的实例包括二氯甲烷、二氧六环、甲苯、乙醇、异丙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚、水、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、四氢呋喃或其混合物。优选四氢呋喃。
步骤(e)包括式IX的化合物的脱水闭环以形成式IIa的化合物。该过程可以在适合进行这种脱水闭环的任意条件下进行。例如,可以通过用酸或用碱处理二醇来进行脱水。
在一个实施方案中,该过程通过使式IX的二醇化合物与Vilsmeier试剂(1-氯-N,N-二甲基亚氨基氯化物)反应来进行。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的酸的存在下进行反应。对酸没有特别的限制,只要它能够起到酸的作用即可。合适的酸的实例包括强无机酸如盐酸、硝酸和硫酸,以及磺酸如甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸和三氟甲磺酸。优选对甲苯磺酸。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的碱存在下进行反应。对碱没有特别的限制,只要它能够起到碱的作用即可。合适的碱的实例包括例如NaH、三乙胺、吡啶、N,N'-二甲基乙二胺、Na2CO3、K2CO3、K3PO4、Cs2CO3、叔丁醇钠或叔丁醇钾(或其混合物),任选地存在分子筛。优选三乙胺。
在一个实施方案中,在合适的溶剂中进行反应。对溶剂没有特别的限制,只要它对反应是惰性的并且能够至少在一定程度上溶解反应物即可。合适的溶剂的实例包括二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、二氧六环、甲苯、乙醇、异丙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚、水、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、四氢呋喃或其混合物。优选1,2-二氯乙烷。
盐、溶剂合物、多晶型物、对映异构体、同位素标记的衍生物
式I的化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括其酸加成盐和碱盐。
合适的酸加成盐由形成无毒盐的酸形成。实例包括乙酸盐、己二酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、碳酸氢盐/碳酸盐、硫酸氢盐/硫酸盐、硼酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环磺酸盐、乙二磺酸盐(edisylate)、乙磺酸盐(esylate)、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、葡萄糖醛酸盐、六氟磷酸盐、羟苯酰苯酸盐(hibenzate)、盐酸盐/氯化物、氢溴酸盐/溴化物、氢碘酸盐/碘化物、羟乙磺酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、萘甲酸盐(naphthylate)、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、乳清酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、磷酸盐/磷酸氢盐/磷酸二氢盐、焦谷氨酸盐、蔗糖酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、单宁酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、三氟乙酸盐和新诺酸盐(xinofoatesalt)。
合适的碱盐由形成无毒盐的碱形成。碱盐的实例包括铝盐、精氨酸盐、苄星盐、钙盐、胆碱盐、二乙胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、甘氨酸盐、赖氨酸盐、镁盐、葡甲胺盐、乙醇胺盐、钾盐、钠盐、氨丁三醇盐和锌盐。
也可以形成酸和碱的半盐,例如半硫酸盐和半钙盐。
关于合适的盐的综述,请参见Stahl和Wermuth的“Handbook of PharmaceuticalSalts:Properties,Selection,and Use”(Wiley VCH,2002)。
式I的化合物的药学上可接受的盐可以通过以下三种方法中的一种或多种来制备:
(i)使式I的化合物与所需的酸或碱反应;
(ii)使用所需的酸或碱,从式(I)的化合物的适当的前体脱除对酸或碱不稳定的保护基、或者使合适的环状前体例如内酯或内酰胺开环;或
(iii)通过与适当的酸或碱反应或通过适当的离子交换柱将式(I)的化合物的一种盐转化为另一种盐。
这三种反应通常都是在溶液中进行。所得的盐可以沉淀出来并通过过滤收集,或者可以通过蒸发溶剂回收。所得盐中的电离程度可以为完全电离到几乎非电离。
本发明的化合物可以以从完全无定形到完全结晶的连续固态存在。术语“无定形”是指材料在分子水平上缺乏长程有序性的状态,并且根据温度的不同,可能表现出固体或液体的物理性质。通常,这样的材料不会产生独特的X射线衍射图,并且在表现出固体性质时,在形式上更多会被描述为液体。加热后,它发生从固体性质到液体性质的变化,其特征是状态变化,通常是二级转变(“玻璃化转变”)。
术语“结晶”是指这样的固相,其中:材料在分子水平上具有规则有序的内部结构,并且产生具有明确峰值的独特的X射线衍射图。这类材料在充分加热时也会表现出液体的性质,但从固体到液体的变化以相变为特征,通常是一级相变(“熔点”)。
本发明的化合物也可以以未溶剂化和溶剂化的形式存在。术语“溶剂合物”在本文中用于描述包含本发明的化合物和一种或多种药学上可接受的溶剂分子(例如乙醇)的分子复合物。当所述溶剂为水时,使用术语“水合物”。
目前公认的有机水合物分类系统是划分为独立位点水合物、通道水合物或金属离子配位水合物的分类系统—参见K.R.Morris的“Polymorphismin PharmaceuticalSolids”(Ed.H.G.Brittain,Marcel Dekker,1995)。独立位点水合物是指这样的水合物,其中水分子通过介入有机分子而被隔开彼此不再直接接触。在通道水合物中,水分子位于晶格通道中并在此处与其他水分子相邻。在金属离子配位水合物中,水分子与金属离子键合。
当溶剂或水紧密结合时,络合物将具有明确的化学计量,与湿度无关。然而,当溶剂或水弱结合时,如在通道溶剂合物和吸湿性化合物中那样,水/溶剂含量将取决于湿度和干燥条件。在这种情况下,非化学计量将是常态。
在本说明书中,提及式I的化合物时都包括其药学上可接受的盐和溶剂合物。
本发明的化合物包括:上文定义的式(I)的化合物,包括如下文定义的其所有多晶型物和晶癖、其前药及异构体(包括光学异构体、几何异构体和互变异构体),以及同位素标记的式(I)的化合物。
含有一个或多个不对称碳原子的式I的化合物可以作为两种或多种立体异构体存在。在结构异构体可通过低能势垒相互转化的情况下,可能发生互变异构(“互变现象”)。这在含有例如亚氨基、酮基或肟基的式I的化合物中可呈现出质子互变异构的形式,或者在含有芳族部分的化合物中可呈现出所谓的价互变异构的形式。由此可见,一个化合物可能表现出不止一种类型的异构。
本发明的范围涵盖式(I)化合物的所有立体异构体、几何异构体和互变异构体形式,包括表现出不止一种异构类型的化合物、以及它们中的一种或多种的混合物。还包括酸加成盐或碱盐,其中抗衡离子具有光学活性(例如d-乳酸盐或l-赖氨酸盐)或消旋性(例如d-酒石酸盐或d-精氨酸盐)。
顺式/反式异构体可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的常规技术分离,例如色谱法和分级结晶法。
制备/分离单一对映体的常规技术包括由合适的光学纯前体进行手性合成,或使用例如手性高压液相色谱(HPLC)拆分外消旋体(或盐或衍生物的外消旋体)。
或者,外消旋体(或外消旋前体)可以与合适的光学活性化合物例如醇反应,或者在式(I)的化合物含有酸性或碱性部分的情况下,与碱或酸例如1-苯基乙胺或酒石酸反应。所得的非对映体混合物可以通过色谱法和/或分级结晶法分离,并且将所述非对映体之一或两者通过技术人员熟知的方法转化为相应的纯对映体。
本发明的手性化合物(及其手性前体)可以使用色谱法(通常为HPLC)在不对称树脂上采用由烃(通常为庚烷或己烷)组成的流动相以对映体富集形式获得,所述流动相含有0-50体积%、通常为2-20体积%的异丙醇,以及0-5体积%的烷基胺、通常为0.1体积%的二乙胺。将洗脱液浓缩,得到富集的混合物。
当任何外消旋体结晶时,可能会形成两种不同类型的晶体。第一种类型是上面提到的外消旋化合物(真正的外消旋体),其中产生一种均匀形式的晶体,该晶体含有等摩尔量的两种对映体。第二种类型是外消旋混合物或聚集体,其中以等摩尔量产生两种形式的晶体,每种形式包含单一的对映体。
虽然外消旋混合物中存在的两种晶体形式具有相同的物理性质,但与真正的外消旋体相比,它们可能具有不同的物理性质。外消旋混合物可以通过本领域技术人员已知的常规技术进行分离,例如参见E.L.Eliel和S.H.Wilen的“Stereochemistry of OrganicCompounds”(Wiley,1994)。
本发明包括所有药学上可接受的同位素标记的式(I)的化合物,其中一个或多个原子被具有相同原子序数但原子质量或质量数不同于自然界中占主导地位的原子质量或质量数的原子取代。
适合包含在本发明的化合物中的同位素的实例包括氢的同位素如2H和3H,碳的同位素如11C、13C和14C,氯的同位素如36CI,氟的同位素如18F,碘的同位素如123I和125I,氮的同位素如13N和15N,以及氧的同位素如15O、17O和18O。
某些同位素标记的式I的化合物(例如掺入了放射性同位素的化合物)可用于药物和/或底物组织分布研究。放射性同位素氚(即3H)和碳-14(即14C)鉴于其易于掺入和现成的检测手段而对此目的特别有用。
用较重的同位素如氘(即2H)取代可以提供某些治疗优势,这些优势源于更高的代谢稳定性,例如体内半衰期增加或剂量需求减少,因此在一些情况下可能是优选的。
在正电子发射成像(PET)研究中,用正电子发射同位素如11C、18F、15O和13N取代,可以用于检查底物受体的占有率。
同位素标记的式I的化合物一般可以通过本领域技术人员已知的常规技术制备,或通过类似于所附实施例和中间体中所述的方法、使用适当的同位素标记试剂代替先前使用的未标记试剂来制备。
根据本发明的药学上可接受的溶剂合物包括其中结晶溶剂可以被同位素取代的那些,例如D2O、d6-丙酮、d6-DMS。
药物组合物
适用于递送本发明的化合物的药物组合物及其制备方法对本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的。这种组合物及其制备方法例如可参见“Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences”第19版(Mack出版公司,1995年)。
本发明的化合物可以口服施用。口服施用可包括吞咽以使化合物进入胃肠道,和/或颊、舌或舌下施用,通过这种施用方式,化合物直接从口腔进入血流。
适合口服施用的制剂包括固体、半固体和液体系统,例如:片剂;含有多个粒子或纳米粒子、液体或粉末的软胶囊或硬胶囊;锭剂(包括液体填充物);咀嚼物;凝胶;快速分散剂型;薄膜;椭圆形珠剂(ovules);喷雾剂;以及口腔/粘膜粘贴片。
液体制剂包括悬浮液、溶液、糖浆和酏剂。这类制剂可以用作软胶囊或硬胶囊(例如由明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素制成)中的填料,并且通常包括载体,例如水、乙醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甲基纤维素或合适的油,以及一种或多种乳化剂和/或悬浮剂。液体制剂也可以通过例如将从小袋取出的固体重构的方式来制备。
本发明的化合物也可用于快速溶出、快速崩解的剂型,如Liang和Chen在“ExpertOpinion in Therapeutic Patents,H(6),981-986(2001)”中描述的那些。
对于片剂剂型,根据剂量的不同,药物可能占剂型的1重量%至80重量%,更典型的是占剂型的5重量%至60重量%。除药物外,片剂通常还含有崩解剂。崩解剂的实例包括淀粉羟基乙酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、被低级烷基取代的羟丙基纤维素、淀粉、预胶化淀粉和藻酸钠。通常,崩解剂将占剂型的1重量%至25重量%,优选占剂型的5重量%至20重量%。
粘合剂通常用于赋予片剂制剂内聚性。合适的粘合剂包括微晶纤维素、明胶、糖、聚乙二醇、天然和合成的胶类、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、预胶化淀粉、羟丙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素。片剂还可以含有稀释剂,例如乳糖(一水合物、喷雾干燥的一水合物、无水物等)、甘露醇、木糖醇、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、微晶纤维素、淀粉和磷酸氢钙二水合物。
片剂还可任选地包含表面活性剂,例如十二烷基硫酸钠和聚山梨醇酯80,以及助流剂,例如二氧化硅和滑石。当存在时,表面活性剂可占片剂的0.2重量%至5重量%,而助流剂可占片剂的0.2重量%至1重量%。
片剂通常还含有润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酰富马酸钠、以及硬脂酸镁与十二烷基硫酸钠的混合物。润滑剂通常占片剂的0.25重量%至10重量%,优选占片剂的0.5重量%至3重量%。
其他可能的成分包括抗氧化剂、着色剂、调味剂、防腐剂和掩味剂。
示例性的片剂含有至多约80%的药物、约10重量%至约90重量%的粘合剂、约0重量%至约85重量%的稀释剂、约2重量%至约10重量%的崩解剂和约0.25重量%至约10重量%的润滑剂。片剂混合物可以直接或者用辊压制成片剂。片剂混合物或混合物的一部分可以在压片前可选地进行湿法、干法或熔融造粒、熔融凝结或挤出。最终制剂可以包括一层或多层,并且可以被包覆或未被包覆;它甚至可以被包封。
在H.Lieberman和L.Lachman的“Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:Tablets.Vol.1(Marcel Dekker,New York,1980)”中讨论了片剂的配方。
用于口服施用的固体制剂可以配制成立即释放型和/或调节释放型(modifiedrelease)。调节释放型制剂包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。
用于本发明目的的合适的调节释放型制剂描述于美国专利No.6,106,864中。其他合适的释放技术如高能分散体以及渗透和包衣颗粒的细节,可参见Verma等人的“Pharmaceutical Technology On-line.25(2),1-14(2001)”。在WO 00/35298中描述了使用口香糖来实现受控释放。
本发明的化合物也可以肠胃外施用,即直接供入血流、肌肉或内脏中。合适的肠胃外施用方式包括静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、鞘内、心室内、尿道内、胸骨内、颅内、肌内、滑膜内和皮下施用。供肠胃外施用的合适装置包括针(包括显微针)注射器、无针注射器和输注技术。
肠胃外制剂通常是可以含有赋形剂如盐、碳水化合物和缓冲剂(优选使pH为3至9)的水溶液,但是,对于一些应用而言,它们可能更适合配制成无菌非水溶液,或被配制成要与适当的介质诸如无菌无热原的水组合使用的干燥形式。
在无菌条件下制备肠胃外制剂(例如通过冻干法制备)可以使用本领域技术人员熟知的标准药物技术容易地完成。
式I的化合物在用于制备肠胃外溶液时,其溶出度可以通过使用适当的配制技术来提高,例如加入增溶剂。
供肠胃外施用的制剂可以配制为立即释放型和/或调节释放型。调节释放型制剂包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。因此,本发明的化合物可以配制成悬浮液或固体、半固体或触变液,以便用作提供调节释放的活性化合物的植入储库。此类制剂的实例包括涂有药物的支架和包含负载药物的聚([α]7-乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(PGLA)微球体的半固体和悬浮液。
本发明的化合物也可以局部施用、皮(内)或经皮施用至皮肤或粘膜。用于此目的的典型制剂包括凝胶、水凝胶、洗剂、溶液、霜剂、膏剂、粉末、敷料、泡沫、薄膜、皮肤贴片、薄片、植入物、海绵、纤维、绷带和微乳液。也可以使用脂质体。典型的载体包括酒精、水、矿物油、液体矿脂、白矿脂、甘油、聚乙二醇和丙二醇。可以掺入渗透增强剂,参见例如Finnin和Morgan的“J.Pharm.Sci.,88(10),955-958”(1999年10月)。
局部施用的其他手段包括通过电穿孔、离子电渗、超声透入(phonophoresis)、超声促渗(sonophoresis)和显微针或无针(例如PowderjectTM、BiojectTM等)注射进行递送。
供局部施用的制剂可以配制成立即释放型和/或调节释放型。调节释放型制剂包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。
本发明的化合物也可以鼻内施用或通过吸入施用,通常以干粉形式(单独的化合物、或者为混合物例如与乳糖形成的干掺混物、或者为混合的组分粒子例如与卵磷脂之类的磷脂混合)从干粉吸入器施用,或者作为气雾喷剂在采用或不采用合适的推进剂诸如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷或1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷的条件下,从加压容器、泵、喷射器、喷雾器(优选是采用电流体动力学以产生细雾的喷雾器)或雾化器施用,或者作为滴鼻剂施用。对于鼻内应用,粉末可包含生物粘合剂,例如壳聚糖或环糊精。
加压容器、泵、喷射器、喷雾器或雾化器含有本发明的化合物的溶液或悬浮液,其包含例如用于活性物质的分散、溶解或延长释放的乙醇、含水乙醇或合适的替代试剂作为溶剂,推进剂,以及任选的表面活性剂,例如脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯、油酸或低聚乳酸。
在用于干粉或悬浮制剂之前,将药物产品微粉化至适合通过吸入进行递送的尺寸(通常小于5微米)。这可以通过任何适当的粉碎方法来实现,例如螺旋喷射研磨、流化床喷射研磨、形成纳米粒子的超临界流体处理、高压均化或喷雾干燥。
吸入器或吹入器中使用的胶囊(例如,由明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素制成)、泡罩和药筒可以配制成含有以下物质的粉末混合物:本发明的化合物,合适的粉末基质如乳糖或淀粉,以及性能调节剂如L-亮氨酸、甘露醇或硬脂酸镁。乳糖可以是无水形式或一水合物形式,优选后者。其他合适的赋形剂包括右旋糖酐、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、山梨醇、木糖醇、果糖、蔗糖和海藻糖。
供采用电流体动力学产生细雾的雾化器使用的合适的溶液制剂可以含有相对于每次驱动为1μg至20mg的本发明的化合物,并且驱动体积可以为1μl至100μl。典型的制剂可包括式I的化合物、丙二醇、无菌水、乙醇和氯化钠。可以代替丙二醇使用的可供选择的溶剂包括甘油和聚乙二醇。
合适的香料(如薄荷醇和左薄荷醇)或甜味剂(如糖精或糖精钠)可以添加到本发明的那些供吸入/鼻内施用的制剂中。
供吸入/鼻内施用的制剂可以使用例如PGLA配制成立即释放型和/或调节释放型。调节释放型制剂包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。
本发明的化合物可以经直肠或阴道施用,例如以栓剂、子宫托或灌肠剂的形式施用。可可脂是一种传统的栓剂基质,但也可酌情使用各种替代品。供直肠/阴道施用的制剂可以配制成立即释放型和/或调节释放型。调节释放型制剂包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。
本发明的化合物也可以直接施用于眼部或耳部,通常以微粉在pH经调节的无菌等渗盐水中的悬浮液或溶液的液滴的形式施用。适用于眼部和耳部施用的其他制剂包括软膏、凝胶、可生物降解的(如可吸收的凝胶海绵、胶原蛋白)和不可生物降解的(如硅胶)植入物、薄片、镜片和颗粒或囊泡系统,如泡囊或脂质体。聚合物可以与防腐剂如苯扎氯铵一起加入,所述聚合物例如交联聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、透明质酸、纤维素聚合物如羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素或甲基纤维素,或杂多糖聚合物如格兰胶。这样的制剂也可以通过离子电渗法递送。
供眼部/耳部施用的制剂可以配制为立即释放型和/或调节释放型。调节释放型制剂包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、受控释放、靶向释放或程序化释放。
本发明的化合物可以与可溶性大分子物质(例如环糊精及其合适的衍生物或含聚乙二醇的聚合物)组合,以提高其在用于任何上述施用方式时的溶出度、溶解速率、掩味性、生物利用度和/或稳定性。
例如,发现了药物-环糊精复合物通常可用于大多数剂型和施用途径。包合物和非包合物都可以使用。作为与药物直接复合的替代方案,可以将环糊精用作辅助添加剂,即用作载体、稀释剂或增溶剂。最常用于这些目的的是α-、β-和γ-环糊精,其实例可参见国际专利申请公开号WO 91/11172、WO 94/02518和WO 98/55148。
剂量
对于人类患者的施用而言,本发明的化合物的每日总剂量通常在1mg至5000mg、优选10mg至2000mg、更优选50mg至1500mg、还更优选100mg至500mg的范围内,这当然取决于施用方式。每日总剂量可以单剂量或分剂量施用,并且可以根据医生的判断,落在本文给出的典型范围之外。
这些剂量基于体重约为60kg至70kg的普通人类受试者。医生将能够很容易地确定体重在该范围之外的受试者(如婴儿和老年人)的剂量。
为免生疑问,此处提及的“治疗”包括治愈性、姑息性和预防性治疗。
组合
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种组合,其包含:
(A)如本文定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐;和
(B)另一种治疗剂。
本发明的化合物可以与其他治疗剂组合,所述其他治疗剂对要治疗的疾病或病症具有活性。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物还可以与作为蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)的抑制剂和/或可用于治疗癌症和/或增生性疾病的其他治疗剂组合。本发明的化合物也可以与其他疗法(例如放疗)组合。
例如,本发明的化合物可以与一种或多种治疗方法组合,所述治疗方法独立地选自外科手术、一种或多种抗癌/抗瘤/抗肿瘤药剂、一种或多种激素疗法、一种或多种抗体、一种或多种免疫疗法、放射性碘疗法和放疗。
更具体地,本发明的化合物可以与调节Ras/Raf/Mek通路(例如Mek抑制剂)、Jak/Stat通路(例如Jak抑制剂)、PI3K/Akt通路(例如Akt、PI3K、mTOR抑制剂)、DNA损伤响应机制(例如ATM或ATR抑制剂)或应激信号通路(p38或NF-KB抑制剂)的药剂组合。
例如,本发明的化合物可以与以下物质组合:
(i)靶向激酶抑制剂;
(ii)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,如阿可替尼、阿达色替、阿法替尼、阿波西普(afibercept)、阿昔替尼、巴非替尼、博苏替尼、克唑替尼、达沙替尼、厄洛替尼、依伏替尼、非尼布替尼、吉非替尼、依鲁替尼、伊马替尼、拉帕替尼、拉罗替尼、尼洛替尼、帕唑帕尼、帕纳替尼、吡托布鲁替尼、瑞格菲尼、鲁索利替尼、索拉非尼、斯佩布替尼、舒尼替尼、特泊替尼、替拉鲁替尼、托莱布鲁替尼、凡德他尼(vandenatinib)或泽布替尼;
(iii)Akt或PI3-K抑制剂,如匹替利司、达托利司(BEZ235)、库潘尼西、度维利塞、厄布利塞、阿培利司、赞德利司(zandelisib)、帕萨利司或布帕尼西;
(iv)Flt-3抑制剂;
(v)BCL-2抑制剂,如奥利默森、纳维托克(navitoclax)或维奈托克;
(vi)治疗性单克隆抗体,如阿达木单抗、阿仑珠单抗、阿替利珠单抗、AMP-224、AMP-514、AUNP12、阿维鲁单抗、贝伐单抗、BMS-986169、CA-170、卡雷利珠单抗、培塞利珠单抗、西米普利单抗、西妥昔单抗、柯希利单抗、地诺单抗、多塔利单抗、德瓦鲁单抗、吉妥珠单抗奥唑米星、戈利木单抗、替伊莫单抗(ibritomumab tiuexetan)、伊匹单抗、英夫利昔单抗、纳武利尤单抗、奥法木单抗、帕尼单抗、帕博利珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗、利妥昔单抗、信迪利单抗、斯巴达珠单抗、替雷利珠单抗、特瑞普利单抗、托西妥珠单抗(tositozumab)或曲妥珠单抗;
(vii)MEK抑制剂,如考比替尼、司美替尼、米达美替尼(PD-0325901)、曲美替尼、贝美替尼或TAK-733;
(vii)BRaf抑制剂,如康奈非尼、达拉非尼、维罗非尼或GDC-0879;
(viii)蒽环类药物,如柔红霉素、阿霉素、表阿霉素、依达比星、米托蒽醌或缬柔比星;
(ix)紫杉烷,如卡巴他赛、紫杉醇或多烯紫杉醇;
(x)铂,如卡铂、顺铂、奈达铂或奥沙利铂;
(xi)核苷酸类似物,如阿扎胞苷、卡培他滨、卡莫氟、克拉屈滨、氯法拉宾、阿糖胞苷、地西他滨、氟尿苷、5-氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、巯基嘌呤、奈拉滨、喷司他丁、替加氟或硫鸟嘌呤;
(xii)烷基化药剂,如苯达莫司汀、白消安、卡莫司汀、苯丁酸氮芥、氯特胺(clormethine)、环磷酰胺、达卡巴嗪、福莫司汀(folemustine)、异环磷酰胺、洛莫司汀、美法仑、链脲佐菌素或替莫唑胺;
(xiii)激素治疗剂,如雌激素受体拮抗剂,例如三苯氧胺;
(xiv)具有潜在放射增敏和/或化学增敏作用的抗肿瘤化合物,如氯喹;
(xv)mTOR抑制剂,如西罗莫司(雷帕霉素)、依维莫司、地磷莫司或替西罗莫司;
(xvi)JAK抑制剂,如鲁索利替尼、伊他替尼、托法替尼、奥拉替尼、巴瑞克替尼、培菲替尼、菲卓替尼、乌帕替尼、非戈替尼、迪高替尼、塞度替尼、甘多替尼、来他替尼、莫洛替尼、帕克替尼、阿布西替尼、氘可来昔替尼、CHZ868或葫芦素;
(xvii)细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂,例如CDK6或CDK4抑制剂,如哌柏西利(PD-03232991)、瑞波西利、阿贝西利或曲拉西利;
(xvii)调节DNA损伤响应机制和/或应激信号通路的药剂,例如ATM或ATR的抑制剂,p38和/或NF-KB的抑制剂;
(xix)MCL-1抑制剂,如高三尖杉酯碱或塞利西利(seliclilib);
(xx)KRAS抑制剂,如索托拉西布(AMG 510)、阿达格拉西布(MRTX 849)或ARS-3248;
(xxi)抗雄激素,如醋酸环丙孕酮、氟丁酰胺、尼鲁他胺、比卡鲁他胺或恩杂鲁胺;
(xxii)TNF抑制剂,包括上面列出的一些单克隆抗体,以及依那西普(etenercept)、己酮可可碱和安非他酮;或
(xxiii)类固醇,如泼尼松龙、甲基强的松龙、地塞米松或氢化可的松。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种组合产品,包括:
(A)如上文所定义的本发明的化合物;和
(B)可用于治疗癌症和/或增生性疾病的另一种治疗剂,
其中组分(A)和(B)各自与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合配制。
这种组合产品提供了本发明的化合物与其他治疗剂的联合施用,因此可以分别呈现为单独的制剂,其中这些制剂中的至少一种包含本发明的化合物、并且至少一种包含其他治疗剂,或者可以呈现(即配制)为组合制剂(即呈现为包含本发明的化合物和其他治疗剂的单一制剂)。
因此,进一步提供了:
(1)一种药物制剂,包括上文定义的本发明的化合物、可用于治疗癌症和/或增生性疾病的另一种治疗剂、以及药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体;和
(2)多部分试剂盒,其包括以下组分:
(a)药物制剂,其包括与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合的如上文所定义的本发明的化合物;和
(b)药物制剂,该药物制剂包括与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合的可用于治疗癌症和/或增生性疾病的另一种治疗剂,
所述组分(a)和(b)各自以适于与另一组分联合施用的形式提供。
在本发明的一个特别优选的方面中,本发明的化合物可以与其他治疗剂(例如化学治疗剂)组合以用作药物(例如用于治疗本文所述的疾病或病症,如需要和/或期望抑制癌细胞生长的疾病或病症,例如用于治疗哺乳动物、尤其是人类中的过度增生性疾病如癌症(例如本文诸如实施例中所述的特定癌症))。这类活性成分的组合可以协同作用。
本发明还提供了制备上文定义的组合产品的方法,该方法包括使上文定义的本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的酯、酰胺、溶剂合物或盐与可用于治疗癌症和/或增生性疾病的其他治疗剂和至少一种药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体结合。
我们所说的“使……结合”是指使这两个组分适合相互联合施用。
因此,关于上文定义的多部分试剂盒的制备过程,在使两个组分相互“结合”这方面,包括以下情况,即,多部分试剂盒的两个组分可能是:
(i)分别作为单独的制剂(即彼此独立)提供,随后在联合治疗中结合在一起以相互联合使用;或
(ii)作为“组合包”的单独组分被包装和布置在一起,以在联合治疗中相互联合使用。
本发明的化合物还可以与用于治疗癌症以外的疾病的其他治疗剂组合。例如,在治疗自身免疫性疾病或炎症性疾病中,本发明的化合物也可以与可用于治疗这些疾病的其他治疗剂组合。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种组合产品,包括:
(A)如上文所定义的本发明的化合物;和
(B)可用于治疗炎症性疾病和/或自身免疫性疾病的另一种治疗剂,
其中组分(A)和(B)各自与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合配制。
因此,进一步提供了:
(1)药物制剂,包括如上文所定义的本发明的化合物、可用于治疗炎症性疾病和/或自身免疫性疾病的另一种治疗剂、以及药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体;和
(2)多部分试剂盒,包括以下组分:
(a)药物制剂,其包括与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合的如上文所定义的本发明的化合物;和
(b)药物制剂,其包括与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合的可用于治疗炎症性疾病和/或自身免疫性疾病的另一种治疗剂,
所述组分(a)和(b)各自以适于与另一组分联合施用的形式提供。
可用于治疗自身免疫性疾病的治疗剂的实例包括以下:
(i)非甾体抗炎药(NSAID),其实例包括水杨酸类,例如阿司匹林(乙酰水杨酸)、二氟尼柳(Dolobid)、水杨酸及其盐和双水杨酸(Disalcid);丙酸衍生物,如布洛芬、右旋布洛芬、萘普生、非诺洛芬、酮洛芬、右旋酮洛芬、氟苯布洛芬、奥沙普秦、洛索洛芬、培鲁比洛芬和扎托托芬;乙酸衍生物,如吲哚美辛、托美汀、舒林酸;依托度酸;酮咯酸;双氯芬酸;醋氯芬酸;溴芬酸和萘丁美酮;烯醇酸(昔康类)衍生物,如吡罗昔康;美洛昔康;替诺昔康;屈昔康;氯诺昔康或苯基丁氮酮;邻氨基苯甲酸衍生物(芬那酸类),如甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸、氟芬那酸和托芬那酸;或选择性COX-2抑制剂(昔布类),如塞来昔布、帕瑞昔布、罗美昔布或依托里昔布;
(ii)糖皮质激素,如泼尼松、氢化可的松和布地奈德;
(iii)改善病情的抗风湿病药物(DMARD),如阿巴西普、阿达木单抗、阿法赛特、阿那白滞素、阿普斯特、硫唑嘌呤、巴瑞克替尼、培塞利珠单抗、氯喹、环孢素、D-青霉胺、依法利珠单抗、依那西普、非戈替尼、戈利木单抗、古斯库单抗、羟氯喹、英夫利昔单抗、来氟米特、甲氨蝶呤、6-巯基嘌呤、利妥昔单抗、沙利鲁曼、柳氮磺胺吡啶、托珠单抗、托法替尼和乌司奴单抗;
(iv)环孢菌素;
(v)局部钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂,如他克莫司和吡美莫司;
(vi)抗CD20抗体,如利妥昔单抗、奥瑞组单抗、奥比妥珠单抗、奥法木单抗、替伊莫单抗、托西莫单抗和乌妥昔单抗;
(vii)白细胞介素17抑制剂,包括司库奇尤单抗、伊西贝单抗和布达鲁单抗,
(vii)IFN受体激动剂,例如依玛鲁单抗;
(viii)B细胞激活因子抑制剂,例如贝利尤单抗;
(ix)金化合物,例如金硫丁二钠。
可用于治疗炎症性疾病的治疗剂的实例包括上面列出的用于治疗自身免疫性疾病的那些,以及免疫选择性抗炎衍生物(ImSAIDS),例如三肽FEG(Phe-Glu-Gly)及其D-异构体形式feG。
本发明的化合物可以具有它们是蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)的有效抑制剂的优点。有利地,当本发明的化合物与已知的化学治疗剂(如本文所述的那些)联合使用时,联用的组分可以以协同方式起作用。
本发明的化合物还可以具有以下优点:它们可以比现有技术中已知的化合物更有效、毒性更小、作用时间更长、效力更强、副作用更少、更易吸收和/或具有更好的药代动力学特征(例如,更高的口服生物利用度和/或更低的清除率),和/或相比现有技术中已知的化合物而言具有其他有用的药理学、物理或化学性质,无论是用于上述适应症还是其他方面。
医药用途和治疗方法
本发明的化合物被指明为药物。根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了如上文所定义的本发明的化合物,其用作药物。
本发明的化合物可以抑制蛋白质或脂质激酶,例如PIM家族激酶如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3,例如可以在下面描述的测试和/或本领域技术人员已知的测试中证明。因此,本发明的化合物可用于治疗期望和/或需要抑制这种蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)的个体中的那些病症。
术语“抑制”可指催化激酶(例如PIM家族激酶,如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)活性的任何可测量的降低和/或预防。激酶活性的降低和/或预防可以通过以下方法测量:将包含本发明的化合物的样品和没有本发明的化合物的情况下的激酶(例如PIM家族激酶,如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)的相同样品中的激酶活性进行比较,这对本领域技术人员将是明显的。可测量的变化可以是客观的(例如可通过某种测试或标记物测量,例如体外或体内检测或测试,如下文中描述的检测或测试,或本领域技术人员已知的其他合适的检测或测试)或主观的(例如受试者给出效果的指标或对效果的感受)。
当在检测(或其他测试)中进行测试时,例如如下文所述,或采用本领域技术人员已知的其他合适的检测或测试时,可以发现本发明的化合物在100μM或低于100μM的浓度下(例如浓度低于50μM,或甚至低于10μM,如低于1μM),可以对蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶,如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)表现出50%的抑制作用。
因此预期,本发明的化合物可用于治疗已知蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶,如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)在其中起作用、并且其特征为该蛋白激酶的总体活性升高(例如由于激酶的量增加或激酶的催化活性增加所致)或与之相关的病症。本发明的化合物(单独或与另一种活性物质组合)可以例如在本文所述的生物化学检测中显示为活性的,可以基于例如本文所述的磷酸化检测显示出具有预测的活性,和/或例如可以在本文所述的细胞增殖检测(例如使用癌细胞系(例如已知的商购获得的癌细胞系),如本文所述的那些)中证明,可以降低细胞增殖的速率。
因此,预期本发明的化合物可用于治疗由与蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶,如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)相关的异常的细胞生长、功能或行为引起的疾病/病症。这些病症/疾病包括癌症、免疫失调、心血管疾病、病毒感染、炎症、代谢/内分泌功能紊乱和神经系统障碍。
因此,本发明的化合物可用于治疗的疾病/病症包括癌症(淋巴瘤、实体瘤或如下文所述的癌症)、阻塞性呼吸道疾病、过敏性疾病、炎症性疾病(如哮喘、过敏症和炎症性肠病如结肠炎和克罗恩病)、免疫抑制(如移植排斥)、炎症性和自身免疫性疾病,例如类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、银屑病关节炎、骨关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、特应性皮炎、炎症性肠疾病如溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病、系统性红斑狼疮、狼疮性肾炎、多发性硬化症、花生过敏症、哮喘和乳糜泻)、通常与器官移植有关的病症、AIDS相关疾病和其他相关疾病。可提到的其他相关疾病(特别是由于激酶在细胞增殖调节中的关键作用所致)包括其他细胞增殖性疾病和/或非恶性疾病,如良性前列腺增生、家族性腺瘤病、息肉病、神经纤维瘤病、骨疾病、动脉粥样硬化、与动脉粥样硬化相关的血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肺纤维化、关节炎肾小球肾炎以及术后狭窄和再狭窄。可以提及的其他疾病状态包括心血管疾病、卒中、糖尿病、肝肿大、阿尔茨海默病、囊性纤维化、激素相关疾病、免疫缺陷疾病、破坏性骨疾病、传染病、与细胞死亡相关的病症、凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集、慢性髓性白血病、肝病、涉及T细胞激活的病理性免疫病症、CNS障碍、肺动脉高压(PAH)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、败血症、系统性硬化症(硬皮病)、1型糖尿病和化脓性汗腺炎。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了如上文所定义的本发明的化合物,用于治疗癌症的用途。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了如上文定义的本发明的化合物在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括向患有或易患这种疾病的患者施用治疗有效量的如上文所定义的本发明的化合物。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了如上文所定义的本发明的化合物,用于治疗癌症的用途。
如上所述,本发明的化合物可用于治疗癌症。更具体而言,因此本发明的化合物可用于治疗多种癌症,包括但不限于:癌,例如膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、肾癌、肝癌、肺癌(包括非小细胞癌和小细胞肺癌)、食道癌、胆囊癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、宫颈癌、甲状腺癌、前列腺癌、皮肤癌、鳞状细胞癌、睾丸癌、泌尿生殖道癌、喉癌、胶质母细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤、角化棘皮瘤、表皮样癌、大细胞癌、非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌、肺腺癌、骨癌、腺瘤、腺癌、滤泡状癌、未分化癌、乳头状癌、精原细胞瘤、黑素瘤、肉瘤、膀胱癌、肝癌和胆道癌、肾癌、髓系疾病、淋巴系统疾病、毛细胞癌、口腔及咽(口)癌、唇癌、舌癌、口癌、咽癌、小肠癌、结肠-直肠癌、大肠癌、直肠癌、脑癌和中枢神经系统癌症、霍奇金病和白血病;淋巴系造血肿瘤,包括白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性淋巴母细胞白血病、B细胞淋巴瘤、T细胞淋巴瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、毛细胞淋巴瘤和伯基特淋巴瘤;骨髓系造血肿瘤,包括急性和慢性髓性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征和早幼粒细胞白血病;间充质原发性肿瘤,包括纤维肉瘤和横纹肌肉瘤;中枢和外周神经系统肿瘤,包括星形细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤和神经鞘瘤;以及其他肿瘤,包括黑素瘤、精原细胞瘤、畸胎瘤、骨肉瘤、着色性干皮病、角化黄瘤(keratoxanthoma)、甲状腺滤泡状癌和卡波西肉瘤。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上文所定义的本发明的化合物在制备用于治疗自身免疫性疾病或炎症性疾病的药物中的用途。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗自身免疫性疾病或炎症性疾病的方法,该方法包括向患有或易患这种疾病的患者施用治疗有效量的如上文所定义的本发明的化合物。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了如上文所定义的本发明的化合物,用于治疗自身免疫性疾病或炎症性疾病。
自身免疫性疾病和/或炎症性疾病的实例包括但不限于:腹腔疾病、银屑病、炎症性肠病如结肠炎和克罗恩病、多发性硬化症、类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、再生障碍性贫血、心肌炎、自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎、斑秃、自身免疫性荨麻疹、寻常性天疱疮、自身免疫性多内分泌腺病综合征(APS)、自身免疫性胰腺炎、1型糖尿病、自身免疫性甲状腺炎、干燥综合征、自身免疫性溶血性贫血、胃炎血管炎、肉芽肿性多血管炎(granlumatosis with polyangitis)、自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、重症肌无力、急性播散性脑脊髓炎、复发性多软骨炎(relapsing polychrondritis)、Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征、桥本脑病、费尔蒂综合征、自身免疫性甲状腺炎、格雷夫斯病、肾炎、大疱性类天疱疮、皮炎、获得性大疱性表皮松解症、线性IgA病、自身免疫性淋巴增生综合征、自身免疫性中性粒细胞减少症、自身免疫性血小板减少性紫癜、冷凝集素病、埃文斯综合征、恶性贫血、斯蒂尔病、银屑病关节炎、风湿热、格林-巴利综合征、奥德甲状腺炎、强直性脊柱炎、特应性皮炎、系统性硬化症(硬皮病)、化脓性汗腺炎、狼疮性肾炎、花生过敏症和哮喘。
此外,蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶,如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)也可能与病毒和寄生虫的增殖有关。它们也可能在神经退行性疾病的发病机制和病情发展中起主要作用。因此,本发明的化合物也可用于治疗病毒性疾病、寄生虫性疾病以及神经退行性疾病。
本发明的化合物适用于上述病症的治疗性治疗和/或预防性治疗。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种治疗与期望和/或要求抑制蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶,如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)相关的疾病(例如癌症或本文所述的其他疾病)的方法,例如,治疗由与蛋白质或脂质激酶(例如PIM家族激酶,如PIM-1、PIM-2和/或PIM-3)相关的异常的细胞生长、功能或行为引起的疾病/病症的方法,该方法包括向患有或易患这种疾病的患者施用治疗有效量的如上文所定义的本发明的化合物。
“患者”包括哺乳动物(包括人类)患者。因此,上述治疗方法可以包括对人体或动物体的治疗。
术语“有效量”是指对接受治疗的患者具有治疗效果的化合物的量。效果可以是客观的(例如可通过某种测试或标记物测量)或主观的(例如受试者给出效果的指标或对效果的感受)。
缩写
在以下各节中,使用了以下缩写:
1,2-DCE 1,2-二氯乙烷
ATP 三磷酸腺苷
DCM 二氯甲烷
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
Et3N 三乙胺
h 小时
min 分钟
HPLC 高效液相色谱法
MeOH 甲醇
mw 微波
nBuOH 正丁醇
NMR 核磁共振
AcCN 乙腈
rt 室温
c-Hex 环己烷
DMSO 二甲基亚砜
EtOH 乙醇
AcOH 乙酸
Rt 保留时间
LCMS 液相色谱-质谱法
ESI 电喷雾电离
p-TsOH 对甲苯磺酸
Et2O 乙醚
THF 四氢呋喃
Pd2dba3 三(二亚苄基丙酮)-二钯(0)
Xantphos (9,9-二甲基-9H-氧杂蒽-4,5-二基)双(二苯基膦)
HEPES 4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙磺酸
EGTA 乙二醇双(β-氨基乙基醚)-N,N,N′,N′-四乙酸
DMEM Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基
以下例子举例说明了本发明。在下面的中间体部分描述了中间体的制备。
中间体
中间体1:5-氯-3-(4-氟-3-三氟甲基-苯基)-6-甲基-7,8-二氢-6H-9-氧杂-1,2,3a,4,6-五氮杂-环戊二烯并[a]萘
将5,8-二氯-4-甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-哒嗪并[4,5-b][1,4]嗪(WO2011/080510中公开的中间体12)(9g,41mmol)和4-氟-3-三氟甲基-苯甲酰肼(中间体7)(13.6g,61mmol)在nBuOH(180ml)中于170℃下加热20小时。真空浓缩深红色混合物,通过自动快速色谱法(SiO2,洗脱剂为c-Hex/EtOAc,75:25至0:100)纯化残留物,得到所需的位置异构体中间体1(2.51g;收率16%)。LCMS1(ESI):Rt=5.7分钟,m/z=388.20[M+H]+。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.72(m,2H),7.89(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),4.60(t,J=4.0Hz,2H),3.34(m,3H),2.91(s,3H)。
中间体2:4-烯丙氧基-3,6-二氯哒嗪
将3,4,6-三氯哒嗪(7.5g,40.889mmol)和Cs2CO3(1.6当量,69.51mmol,22.65g)在乙腈(18 2mL)中混合,然后在65℃下加热。逐滴加入烯丙醇(1.5当量,61.33mmol,4.171mL)。将混合物在65℃下加热18小时,然后真空浓缩溶剂。将残留物放入DCM水中。分离各层并用盐水洗涤有机相,干燥(Na2SO4)并真空浓缩。通过快速色谱法(SiO2,洗脱剂为0-50% EtOAc的环己烷溶液)纯化粗产物,得到呈白色固体的4-烯丙氧基-3,6-二氯哒嗪中间体2(3.451g,收率41%)。1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ6.92(s,1H),6.03(ddt,J=17.3,10.5,5.3Hz,1H),5.59–5.37(m,2H),4.72(dt,J=5.3,1.5Hz,2H)。
中间体3:8-烯丙氧基-6-氯-3-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-b]哒嗪
将中间体2(3.451g,16.8mmol)和3-三氟甲氧基-苯甲酰肼(CAS 321195-88-4,以PC061购自Apollo Scientific)(4.076g,18.51mmol,1.1mmol)溶于二氧六环(50mL)中,然后加入p-TsOH(3.201g,16.83mmol,1.0当量)。将混合物回流4小时。真空除去二氧六环,将残留物放入DCM和NaHCO3饱和水溶液中。分离各层并用盐水洗涤有机层,然后用硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。通过快速色谱法(SiO2,洗脱剂为c-Hex-EtOAc,EtOAc含量为0-50%)纯化粗产物,得到呈白色固体的中间体3(0.576g,收率9%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.44(dt,J=7.9,1.3Hz,1H),8.39(m 1H),7.59(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.42–7.34(m,1H),6.48(s,1H),6.13(ddt,J=17.2,10.9,5.6Hz,1H),5.64–5.43(m,2H),5.02(dt,J=5.6Hz,0.9Hz,2H)。
中间体4:7-烯丙基-6-氯-3-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-b]哒嗪-8-醇
将微波小瓶中的处于1,2-DCE(10mL)中的中间体3(576mg,1.54mmol)在165℃下在微波照射下加热1小时。在反应混合物上观察到沉淀。真空除去溶剂,过滤固体并用Et2O洗涤,得到呈白色固体的中间体4(0.329g,收率57%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.79(dt,J=7.9,1.2Hz,1H),8.41(m,1H),7.64(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.35(m,1H),5.8(m,2H),5.2-5.07(m,2H),3.69(m,2H)。
中间体5:6-氯-7-(3-羟基-丙基)-3-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-b]哒嗪-8-醇
在0℃下,将硼烷-二甲基硫醚络合物(2M,处于THF中,1.84mL)添加到中间体4(0.329g,0.887mmol)在干THF(20mL)中的悬浮液中,并将混合物搅拌过夜。在0℃下,用水小心猝灭反应,并加入过硼酸钠(683mg)。在室温下继续搅拌2.5小时。用1M盐酸水溶液酸化混合物,然后用EtOAc萃取。将有机层干燥(Na2SO4)并浓缩,获得以下产物的混合物:中间体5及其异构体6-氯-7-(2-羟基-丙基)-3-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-b]哒嗪-8-醇,呈白色固体(0.420g),将它们原样用于下一反应步骤。LCMS(ESI):Rt=4.98和5.1分钟,m/z=389.02[M+H]+。
中间体6:5-氯-3-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-7,8-二氢-6H-9-氧杂-1,2,3a,4-四氮杂-环戊二烯并[a]萘
在室温下将Vilsmeier试剂(0.207g,1.62mmol,1.5当量)加入到包含中间体5的异构体混合物(0.420g,1.08mmol,1.0当量)在DCM(10mL)中的悬浮液中。10分钟后,获得溶液并加入Et3N(0.753mL),将混合物搅拌过夜。真空除去溶剂,并通过柱色谱法(SiO2,洗脱剂为0-4%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化粗产物以分离两种异构体,并得到呈黄色固体的中间体6(0.243g,收率60%)。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.42(m,1H),8.38(s,1H),7.57(dd,t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.35(m,1H),4.55(m,2H),2.80(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.24(m,2H)。
中间体7:4-氟-3-三氟甲基-苯甲酰肼
将4-氟-3-(三氟甲基)苯甲酸(15g,72mmol)和SOCl2(10.5mL,144mmol)的混合物加热回流2小时(80℃)。将反应混合物真空浓缩;将残留物溶解在甲苯中并在减压下蒸发,获得4-氟-3-三氟甲基-苯甲酰氯粗产物,该粗产物经真空干燥过夜,然后未经进一步纯化而直接用于下一步。在0℃下,向N2H4 H2O(9.6mL)在无水DCM(45mL)中的溶液中滴加溶解于DCM(45mL)中的4-氟-3-三氟甲基-苯甲酰氯,并使反应温度在2小时内升至室温。除去溶剂并向白色残留物中加入热水以产生沉淀,过滤沉淀并用更多热水洗涤。将白色固体在通风橱中干燥过夜,得到白色固体。用DCM萃取水,有机相经MgSO4干燥,过滤并干燥,获得4-氟-3-三氟甲基-苯甲酰肼化合物(1.34g)。总收率(两步)为61%。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO)δ10.05(s,1H),8.29–7.96(m,2H),7.63(t,J=9.7Hz,1H),4.62(s,2H)。
例子
实施例1:1-甲基-4-[6-甲基-3-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-7,8-二氢-6H-9-氧杂-1,2,3a,4,6-五氮杂-环戊二烯并[a]萘-5-基氨基]-环己醇
将5-氯-6-甲基-3-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-7,8-二氢-6H-9-氧杂-1,2,3a,4,6-五氮杂-环戊二烯并[a]萘(在WO2011/080510中公开为中间体18)(0.5g;1.296mmol)、顺式-4-氨基-1-甲基-环己醇(0.251g;1.94mmol)、NaOtBu(0.224g;2.33mmol)和XantPhos(0.075g;0.13mmol)以及Pd2dba3(0.059g;0.065mmol)在二氧六环(2.0mL)中的脱氧溶液在微波条件下在100℃加热1小时。在9批500mg中间体中进行该反应。将不同的批次合并,并真空除去溶剂。将粗产物通过柱色谱法(SiO2,洗脱剂为0-8% MeOH-NH3的DCM溶液)纯化,然后在EtOAc中研磨,得到呈白色固体的实施例1的化合物(1.880g,收率34%)。LCMS1(ESI):Rt=5.49分钟,m/z=479.02[M+H]+。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.61(s,1H),8.47(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.52(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.29(m,1H),4.96(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.47(m,2H),3.80(m,1H),3.20(m,2H),2.73(s,3H),2.07(m,2H),1.71(m,6H),1.31(s,3H)。
实施例2:4-[3-(4-氟-3-三氟甲基-苯基)-6-甲基-7,8-二氢-6H-9-氧杂-1,2,3a,4,6-五氮杂-环戊二烯并[a]萘-5-基氨基]-1-甲基-环己醇
将中间体1(1g,2.58mmol)溶于n-BuOH(12.5mL)中,加入Et3N(1.1mL;7.74mmol)和顺式-4-氨基-1-甲基-环己醇(1g;7.74mmol)。将混合物在压力管中于180℃下加热。搅拌过夜后,反应结束,蒸发溶剂得到残留物,将残留物通过自动快速色谱法(SiO2,洗脱剂为100-96:4的DCM/MeOH)纯化,得到呈白色固体的实施例2的化合物(444mg;收率36%)。LCMS1(ESI):Rt=5.5分钟,m/z=481.02[M+H]+。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO)δ8.97(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),8.67(m,1H),7.71(t,J=12Hz,1H),6.25(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.43(t,J=3.9Hz,2H),4.09(s,1H),3.68(m,1H),3.20(m,2H),2.66(s,3H),1.81(m,4H),1.61(m,2H),1.36(m,2H),1.14(s,3H)。
实施例3:1-甲基-4-[3-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-7,8-二氢-6H-9-氧杂-1,2,3a,4-四氮杂-环戊二烯并[a]萘-5-基氨基]-环己醇
将中间体6(0.243g;0.655mmol)和顺式-4-氨基-1-甲基-环己醇(0.254g;1.96mmol,3.0当量)和Et3N(183μl,2.0当量)在n-BuOH(8.0mL)中的溶液于185℃的油浴中加热。真空除去溶剂,并通过柱色谱法(SiO2,洗脱剂为0-6% MeOH-NH3的DCM溶液)纯化粗产物,得到所需的实施例3的产物(50mg,收率16%)。LCMS1(ESI):Rt=5.547分钟,m/z=464.20[M+H]+。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.67(s,1H),8.42(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.70(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.40(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.40(m,2H),4.12(s,1H),3.70(m,1H),2.08(m,2H),1.79(t,J=7.4Hz,4H),1.65(m,2H),1.40(m,2H),1.14(s,3H)。
生物学实例
生物学实例1——蛋白质PIM激酶检测
通过使用商业ADP HunterTMPlus检测试剂盒(DiscoveRx Ref.#33-016)测量PIM激酶活性,这是一种对作为激酶活性的通用产物的ADP的累积量进行测量的均相检测法。如文献“Martinez-Gonzalezet.al.Eur.J.Med Chem.2019,168,87-109”所描述的那样,通过纯化获得PIM-1和PIM-2蛋白,并且从Millipore获得PIM-3(货号#14-738)。该检测是按照制造商的一般建议进行的,并将蛋白质和底物浓度调整到最佳条件。激酶缓冲液为15mM HEPES,pH 7.4,20mM NaCl,1mM EGTA,0.02%吐温-20,10mM MgCl2和0.1mg/mL LBGG(牛γ-球蛋白)。所有PIM激酶检测均在作为肽底物的100μM PIM肽(ARKRRRHPSGPPTA)和100μM ATP的条件下进行。PIM-1、2和3的蛋白质浓度分别为50pg/μl、350pg/μl和200pg/μl。为了计算所述化合物的IC50,制备连续1:3稀释液,并通过添加ATP开始反应。在25℃下培养1小时。将试剂A和B(DiscoveRx)依次添加到孔中,并将板在37℃下孵育30分钟。在Victor仪器(PerkinElmer)中以推荐的设置(分别以544nm和580nm作为激发波长和发射波长)读取荧光计数。使用IDBS的Activity Base软件将所得值相对于抑制剂浓度作图,并拟合得到S形剂量-反应曲线。
结果如表1所示。比较例1是WO2011/080510的实施例19,其被认为是结构上最接近本发明的现有技术化合物。在表1中,****表示IC50低于1nM,***表示IC50在1nM和5nM之间,**表示IC50在5nM和10nM之间,并且*表示IC50在10nM和50nM之间。
表1
化合物 | PIM-1 | PIM-2 | PIM-3 |
实施例1 | *** | ** | ** |
实施例2 | **** | *** | *** |
实施例3 | **** | ** | *** |
比较例1 | *** | ** | * |
结果表明,本发明的化合物对PIM-1、PIM-2和PIM-3激酶的活性至少与最接近的现有技术化合物的活性相当。因此,如本文所述,可预期本发明的化合物可用于治疗由这些PIM激酶介导的疾病。
生物学实例2——BAD S112磷酸化抑制检测
通过细胞内ELISA测量本发明的化合物对BAD磷酸化的抑制效力。
材料:过表达PIM-1的H1299细胞(H1299Pim1)。DMSO板:96孔-聚苯乙烯,未经处理,圆底板,来自Costar(货号#3797)。细胞板:生物涂层多聚-D-赖氨酸包被的带有盖子的96孔平底板,来自Becton Dickinson(货号#354651)。细胞培养基:DMEM高糖,10%胎牛血清,2mML-谷氨酰胺,P/S。抗体:来自Cell Signaling的磷酸化BAD S112抗体(货号#9291S),来自Amersham的抗兔过氧化物酶偶联物(货号#3619)。试剂:来自Pierce的SuperSignal ELISAfemto(货号#1001110)。
程序:将细胞以每200μl/孔15000个细胞接种到96孔板中,并在37℃、5% CO2下孵育16小时。第二天,在96孔板中制备9次连续1:2稀释的化合物在DMSO中的稀释液。使用FXBECKMAN机器人(BECKMAN Coulter)将化合物添加到96孔细胞板中,一式两份,并在37℃、CO2气氛下在不含胎牛血清(FBS)的培养基中孵育。4小时后,使用SuperSignal ELISAFemto底物(Pierce)在Cell ELISA中测量BAD S112磷酸化的相对水平,并在VICTOR(PerkinElmer)上读数。使用IDBS的ActivityBase计算EC50值。
结果如表2所示。比较例1是WO2011/080510的实施例19。
表2
化合物 | BAD PH 1299PIM 1ELIWO(M) |
实施例1 | 8.30E-09 |
实施例2 | 7.11E-09 |
实施例3 | 4.15E-09 |
比较例1 | >1E-05 |
从上表中可以得出结论,实施例的化合物改善了PIM生物标志物的细胞调控,因此赋予了化合物改善细胞对PIM抑制剂治疗的应答的潜力。
生物学实例3——抗增殖检测
测试了本发明的化合物抗癌症细胞系A549(用作肺癌研究的模型)和MiaPaca(用作胰腺癌研究的模型)增殖的活性,并将其与最接近的现有技术化合物(WO2011/080510的实施例19)的活性进行比较。
在细胞即将达到融合之前收获细胞,用血细胞计数仪进行计数并用培养基稀释。然后将细胞以4,000个细胞/孔的密度接种在96孔微量滴定板中。在加入化合物之前将细胞孵育24小时。
称出化合物并用DMSO稀释至10mM的终浓度。由此开始,以培养物中终浓度的200X制备“母板”的连续稀释液。DMSO在组织培养基中的终浓度不应超过0.5%。将适当体积的化合物溶液(2μl)自动添加(用Beckman FX 96吸头)到0.2ml培养基中,使其达到每种药物的终浓度。
每种浓度一式两份进行检测。将细胞暴露于化合物达72小时,然后采用发光法细胞活力检测试剂盒(Promega)根据制造商的说明进行操作,并在EnVision(Perkin Elmer)上进行读数。使用IDBS的ActivityBase计算GI50值。
结果如图1和图2所示。图1示出了对于三种实施例化合物和比较例1(WO2011/080510的实施例19),在72小时后,各细胞系中细胞的活力。图2比较了针对这些细胞系,本发明的三种实施例化合物相对于比较例1的GI50倍数变化。
结果表明,与结构最接近的比较例1的化合物相比,本发明的所有三种实施例化合物对两种细胞系都表现出令人惊讶的提高的抗增殖活性。因此,与最接近的比较例1的化合物相比,本发明的化合物具有开发作为更有效的治疗癌症(特别是肺癌和胰腺癌)所用药物的潜力,能够提高患者体内疗效。
生物学实例4——药代动力学
使用10周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠(每个时间点n=3)进行体内清除率测定。将化合物配制成0.9%的在10% N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)/50%聚乙二醇PEG300/40% NaCl中的静脉注射液(i.v.)和在10%NMP/90% PEG300中的口服液(PO)。单次静脉内施用后在0.08、0.25、0.5、1和4小时采集血浆样本,单次PO施用后在0.08、0.16、0.25、0.5、1、4、8和24小时采集血浆样本。
从血浆中提取化合物是通过固相萃取、然后进行高效液相色谱/质谱分析(Agilent 1100,Applied Biosystems API2000)来实现的。基于使用已知浓度化合物的标准品生成的校准曲线,对各小鼠血浆样本中抑制剂的量和内标进行定量。
结果如图3和图4所示。图3示出了当化合物以5mg/kg静脉内施用时,每种化合物的浓度作为时间的函数,图4示出了当化合物以10mg/kg口服施用时,每种化合物的浓度作为时间函数。
结果表明,与结构最接近的比较例1的化合物相比,本发明的所有三种实施例化合物都表现出令人惊讶的改进的药代动力学活性。因此,这意味着与比较例1相比,本发明的化合物将更大程度地暴露于体内的作用位点,从而赋予了开发作为具有改进的体内疗效或在较低剂量下体内疗效相当的药物的潜力。
生物学实例5——组合抗增殖数据
使用与上文生物学实例3总体描述的方法相同的方法,测量实施例1的化合物与多种已知抗癌化合物的组合的体外抗增殖活性。通过Chou和Talalay方法(CalcuSyn软件,Biosoft)计算组合指数得分。
组合伴侣化合物如下:
PI3K抑制剂Pictisilib(GDC-0941);
MEK抑制剂Merdametinib(PD-0325901);和
EGFR和ErbB2抑制剂Lapatinib
结果如表3所示。在该表中,++++表示非常强的协同效应;+++表示强的协同效应;++表示具有协同效应。
表3
结果表明,实施例1的化合物与这些已知抗癌化合物的组合产生了协同的抗增殖活性。
生物学实例6——进一步的抗增殖检测
测试了本发明的化合物抗癌症细胞系MV4:11(用作研究急性髓细胞性白血病的模型)、HT-29(用作研究结肠癌的模型)、Jeko1(用作研究套细胞淋巴瘤的模型)和SKMEL19(用作研究黑素瘤的模型)增殖的活性,并将其与比较例1的最接近的现有技术化合物(WO2011/080510的实施例19)的活性进行比较。所使用的材料和方法与生物学实例3中相同。
结果如图5和图6所示。具体而言,图5显示了本发明的三种实施例化合物的抗增殖活性,示出了用三种实施例化合物和比较例1处理后72小时,MV4:11(急性髓细胞性白血病)、HT-29(结肠癌)、Jeko1(套细胞淋巴瘤)和SKMEL19(黑素瘤)细胞系中细胞的活力,图6比较了针对这些细胞系,用本发明的三种化合物处理时相对于比较例1处理时的GI50倍数变化。
结果表明,与结构最接近的比较例1的化合物相比,本发明的所有三种实施例化合物对四种细胞系都表现出令人惊讶的提高的抗增殖活性。因此,与最接近的比较例1的化合物相比,本发明的化合物具有开发作为更有效的治疗癌症(特别是急性髓细胞性白血病、结肠癌、套细胞淋巴瘤和黑素瘤)所用药物的潜力,能够提高患者体内疗效。
生物学实例7——在体外对乳腺癌细胞系的效力
评价了实施例1的化合物对一系列乳腺癌细胞系的效力。使用星孢菌素(STS)(得自Sigma,货号S4400-1MG,批号#115M4047V)和达托利司(BEZ-235)作为参考。
材料
RPMI1640(来自Invitrogen,货号11875-093,批号1811359);胎牛血清(FBS)(来自Invitrogen,货号10099-141,批号1652792);Hybricare(来自ATCC,货号46-X,批号61939036);胰岛素为Human Recombinant Zinc(货号12585-014,批号1758396);L-谷氨酰胺(来自Invitrogen,货号25030-081,批号1532081);0.25%胰蛋白酶-乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)(来自Invitrogen,货号25200-072,批号1806021);青霉素-链霉素溶液(来自Hyclone,货号SV30010,批号J160016);Glutamax(来自Gibco,货号35050-061,批号1715705);DMSO(来自Sigma,货号276855-1L,批号STBD8882V);具有白色壁和透明底的96孔板,经组织培养处理(来自Corning,货号CLS3903,批号16816002);方形V底96孔板(来自Costar,货号3960,批号04914002);CellTiter Glo检测试剂盒|(来自Promega,货号G7571,批号0000126342)。星孢菌素(来自Sigma,货号S4400-1MG,批号#115M4047V)
细胞系——如下表4所示。
实验方法
Celltiter Glo检测
细胞接种:
为了制备完全培养基,根据供应商提供的信息表添加FBS和适当的添加剂,并轻轻混合。检查烧瓶上标记的细胞名称、完全培养基和传代次数,并使用真空泵移除和丢弃培养基。细胞层用0.25%(w/v)胰蛋白酶-0.038%(w/v)EDTA溶液短暂漂洗,以去除所有痕量的含有胰蛋白酶抑制剂的血清。向烧瓶中加入3.0ml胰蛋白酶-EDTA溶液,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞直至细胞层分散。加入8.0ml完全生长培养基并通过轻轻移液吸取细胞。将细胞悬浮液转移到离心管中,并以800-1000rpm离心3-5分钟。使用真空泵弃除上清液,并加入适当体积的完全培养基。通过轻轻移液悬浮细胞团,并用Vi-cell XR计数细胞数,并将细胞调节至适当密度。根据计划的板布局,将100μL细胞悬浮液添加到具有不透明壁和透明底的96孔板中,并将该板放置在CO2培养箱中过夜。
化合物的准备如下表5所示。
表5
化合物的板的准备和添加:
a.测试品的板的准备:制备10mM在DMSO中的储液。根据表5用DMSO制备起始工作溶液和10点3倍连续稀释液。
b.星孢菌素的板的准备:制备0.4mM在DMSO中的工作浓度的星孢菌素。
c.化合物的添加:将0.5μL DMSO稀释的化合物(200×)转移到含有100μL培养基的孔中。同时,通过Cell TiterGlo测量第0天的板,如下所列。
d.将细胞与化合物在5% CO2、37℃下孵育72小时。
试剂的准备:
使用前,将CellTiter-Glo缓冲液解冻并平衡至室温。使用前,将冻干的CellTiter-Glo底物平衡至室温。将适当体积的CellTiter-Glo缓冲液转移到含有CellTiter-Glo底物的琥珀色瓶中,以重构冻干的酶/底物混合物,从而形成CellTiter-Glo试剂。通过轻轻地涡旋、旋转或翻转内容物来进行混合,以获得均匀的溶液,CellTiter-Glo底物在不到一分钟的时间内迅速溶入溶液中。
检测测量
相应处理后,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态。将板及其内容物平衡至室温约30分钟,之后通过Multidrop Combi仪器将100μLCellTiter-Glo试剂加入到检测板中,并在轨道振荡器上混合内容物10分钟以诱导细胞裂解。将板在室温下孵育10分钟以稳定发光信号,透明底部粘贴白色背封,并用Enspire记录发光,设置为:发光,测量时间0.1ms。
结果如表6所示,数据表示为绝对IC50,单位为μM。
表6
化合物ID | HCC1954 | HCC38 | HCC1143 | MDA-MB-361 | T-47D | BT-474 |
达托利司 | 0.0145 | 0.0664 | 0.1449 | 0.0301 | 0.0565 | 0.1144 |
实施例1 | 8.0414 | 5.5608 | 5.5554 | 9.0013 | 6.1875 | 7.7679 |
星孢菌素 | 0.0624 | 0.0015 | 0.0110 | 0.1178 | 0.2188 | 0.0766 |
结果表明,实施例1的化合物在体外对细胞系是有效的,因此可以预期它能在体内表现出对乳腺癌的疗效。
生物学实例8——在体内对白血病模型的疗效
在CB-17SCID小鼠的人白血病KG-1皮下异种移植物模型中测量实施例1的化合物的抗肿瘤疗效。体内疗效研究的组和治疗方式如下表7所示。
表7
小鼠在第0天(D0)分组,实施例1 25BID*21组在第0天(D0)晚上开始,其他组在第1天(D1)早上开始。在治疗的21天,最后一次给药后8小时和24小时,对分别来自载剂组、实施例1 25mg/kg BID组和实施例1 50mg/kg组的各自4只小鼠进行肿瘤采集。
动物:雌性小鼠(Mus musculus)品系:CB-17SCID;6-8周龄,体重:18-20g;从上海领畅生物科技(Lingchang BioTech)有限公司获得。在获得的59只小鼠中,将40只分组进行疗效研究。将小鼠饲养在恒温(20~26℃)和恒湿(40-70%)的单独的通风笼中,各笼中有5只动物。笼子由聚碳酸酯制成,垫层材料为玉米芯,每周更换两次。在整个研究期间,动物可以自由获得辐照灭菌的干颗粒食品和无菌饮用水。
试剂:DMSO和PEG-400从Sigma获得。
制剂的制备:
步骤1:首先,制备实施例1的100mg/mL DMSO溶液。将0.24mL DMSO分配到标有体积的小瓶(5ml)中,然后加入5mg实施例1的化合物并混合直到溶解。使实施例1的等分试样(约5mg)成为所得溶液,混合直至溶解并且直至达到100mg/mL(总共需要24mg化合物)。该药物溶解速度适中,因此有合理的制备时间。
步骤2:(10mg/mL制剂):向步骤1中制备的含有100mg/mL实施例1化合物的DMSO溶液的小瓶中加入2.0mL PEG400并混合,直到获得澄清溶液。加入额外的2.4mL PEG400并混合至均匀。
细胞培养:KG-1(白血病,急性髓细胞性)细胞购自ATCC(CCL-246TM)。该细胞系的基础培养基是ATCC配制的Iscove改良的Dulbecco培养基,货号30-2005。为了制备完全生长培养基,将以下成分添加到基础培养基中:终浓度为20%的胎牛血清。然后通过添加新鲜培养基或更换培养基来维持培养物,或者通过离心获得培养物,随后以2x 105个活细胞/mL重悬浮。细胞密度保持在2x 105和1x 106个活细胞/mL之间,但不允许超过2x 106个细胞/mL。参考:https://www.atcc.org/Products/All/CCL-246.aspx#culturemethod。
肿瘤接种:用在0.2mL基础培养基与50% Matrigel的混合物中的KG-1肿瘤细胞(5x 106个细胞/只小鼠)于右侧皮下接种小鼠,用于形成肿瘤。
本研究中与动物处理、护理和治疗相关的所有程序均按照上海睿智化学研究有限公司的机构动物护理和使用委员会(IACUC)批准的指南进行,遵循实验动物护理评估与认证协会(AAALAC)的指导。在进行常规监测时,检查动物的任何正常行为的影响,如活动性、食物和水的消耗(仅通过目视检查)、体重增加/减少(每周测量三次体重)、眼睛/毛发缠结(hair matting)和任何其他异常影响。记录死亡和观察到的临床症状。
肿瘤测量和终点:主要终点是肿瘤生长延迟或治愈。使用卡尺在两个维度上每周三次测量肿瘤的大小,并使用以下公式以mm3为单位表示体积:V=0.5a x b2,其中a和b分别是肿瘤的长径和短径。使用卡尺在两个维度上测量肿瘤的大小,并使用以下公式以mm3为单位表示体积:V=0.5×a×b2,其中a和b分别为长径和短径。然后将肿瘤大小用于计算TGI值。根据以下方程式计算TGI:
TGI(%)=(1-(TV治疗/Dn-TV治疗/D1)/(TV对照/Dn-TV对照/D1))×100%。
样本采集:在治疗的21天,最后一次给药后8小时和24小时,对分别来自载剂组、实施例1 25mg/kg BID组和实施例1 50mg/kg组的各自4只小鼠进行肿瘤采集。
统计分析:提供各组在各时间点的肿瘤体积的汇总统计数据,包括平均值和平均值的标准误差(SEM)。在D21最后一次给药后对各组之间的肿瘤体积差异进行统计分析。对各组间肿瘤体积和肿瘤重量的差异进行统计分析。所有数据均使用GraphPad Prism软件进行分析。P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。将双向方差分析和Bonferroni后检验相结合,比较载剂组和所有治疗组的肿瘤体积。将单因素方差分析与Dunnett后检验相结合,比较载剂组和所有治疗组的肿瘤重量。
结果如图7和图8所示,图7示出了与对照(载剂)相比,用25mg/kg、50mg/kg和100mg/kg的实施例1的化合物处理后0至21天的肿瘤体积,图8示出了与对照(载剂)相比,用25mg/kg、50mg/kg和100mg/kg的实施例1的化合物处理后0至21天的体重变化%。
结果表明,该化合物在该白血病小鼠模型中是有效的。因此,可预期它能在人体内显示出对白血病的体内疗效。
生物学实例9
该生物学实例证明了实施例1的化合物抑制致病性Th1/Th17CD4+T细胞应答,同时增强调节性CD4+T细胞的产生。
在银屑病和IBD等慢性炎症性疾病中,被称为Th1细胞(分泌IFNγ)和Th17细胞(分泌IL-17A)的效应T细胞亚群是发病机制的既定驱动因素,而iTreg细胞(诱导型调节性T细胞)被认为是免疫抑制和消退的关键调节子(Hu,P et al.Front Immunol.2021Dec15;12:788940和Nussbaum,L.et al.Br.J.Dermatol.2021Jan;184(1):14-24)。
我们在一系列浓度下检测了PIM1/2激酶在体外对这些亚群发育的抑制作用,并确定了在最佳浓度(12.5nM)下,实施例1的化合物的存在导致了对“破坏性”促炎性Th1和Th17应答的显著抑制,同时增强了免疫调节性iTreg细胞的产生。
方法:
CD4+TH细胞的培养和分化
使用磁珠阳性选择(CD4 L3T4试剂盒,Miltenyi Biotec,UK)从小鼠脾脏和淋巴结纯化初始CD4+T细胞。通过板结合的αCD3ε(1μg/ml;2C11)和αCD28(3μg/ml;37.51),在存在或不存在实施例1的化合物或环孢菌素A(Sigma-Aldrich)的情况下激活纯化的T细胞,并在37℃,在Th1条件下(IL-12[20ng/ml]+αIL-4(11B1)[10μg/ml])培养72小时,在Th17条件下(αIFNγ[10μg/ml]+αIL-4[5μg/ml]+IL-6[20ng/nl]+TGFβ(5ng/ml))培养72小时,并在iTreg条件下(TGFβ(5ng/ml))培养96小时。
ELISA
用于小鼠IFNγ和IL-17a的ELISA试剂盒购自eBioscience(Thermo Fisher,UK),并根据制造商的说明使用High Binding ELISA板(Merck,CLS9018)进行实验。使用Synergy MX微孔板读数仪(BioTek)分析所有ELISA。
流式细胞术
首先用佛波醇-12-十四酸酯13-乙酸酯(PMA)(10ng/ml)(Sigma-Aldrich)、离子霉素(1μg/ml)(Sigma Aldrich)和布雷菲德菌素A(5μg/ml))(eBioscience)在37℃下重新刺激细胞4-6小时,然后评价细胞内蛋白质表达。根据制造商的说明,使用FOXP3染色缓冲液组(eBiosciences/Thermo Fisher,UK)来固定和渗透细胞,以促进细胞内细胞因子(IFNγ和IL-17a)和转录因子(FoxP3)的检测。使用Live Dead可固定的Aqua Dead Cell染色试剂盒(Invitrogen)对活细胞进行初始门控。Fc Block(93)和所用的所有荧光染料标记的抗体αCD4(GK1.5)、αIFNγ(XMG1.2)、αIL-17a(17B7)、αFOXP3(NRRF-30;FJK-16S)购自eBiosciences(Thermo Fisher,UK)。在LSR/Fortessa(Becton Dickinson Biosciences(BD))上进行多参数分析,并使用FlowJo软件(Tree Star)进行分析。
结果如图9和图10所示。具体而言,图9证明了实施例1的化合物抑制Th1和Th17应答的产生。如通过CD4+T细胞的IFNγ表达水平的(A)ELISA和(B)FACS分析测定,在一定的浓度范围内实施例1的化合物的存在抑制了通过IFNγ的分泌测定的体外Th1细胞的分化。如通过CD4+T细胞的IL-17A表达水平的(C)ELISA和(D)FACS分析测定,在一定的浓度范围内实施例1的化合物的存在抑制了通过IL-17A的分泌测定的体外Th17细胞的分化。以环孢菌素A(CsA)作为对照,建立了T细胞免疫抑制剂治疗。所示数据代表了两个具有相似结果的独立实验:使用未配对学生t检验进行统计分析,其中*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01。
图10进一步证明了实施例1的化合物促进iTreg应答的产生。通过FACS分析,根据Treg标志物FoxP3的细胞内表达水平确定体外iTreg细胞的分化。以环孢菌素A(CsA)作为对照,建立了T细胞免疫抑制剂治疗。所示数据代表了两个具有相似结果的独立实验。
此外,与CsA相反,当CD4+T细胞在体外诱导型Treg(iTreg)条件下分化时,实施例1的化合物(12.5nM)的存在导致转录因子FoxP3的表达显著增加,其赋予调节/抑制性T细胞功能(图10)。
这些数据一起表明,实施例1的化合物调节效应CD4+T细胞亚群的发育,使其具有更抗炎的特性。
生物学实例10——对白血病细胞系的体外效力
评价实施例1的化合物对一系列白血病细胞系的效力。使用星孢菌素(STS)(得自Sigma,货号S4400-1MG,批号#115M4047V)和达托利司(BEZ-235)作为参考。
材料:RPMI1640(来自Invitrogen,货号11875-093,批号1811359);IMDM(来自Invitrogen,货号12440-053,批号1806052);FBS(来自Invitrogen,货号10099-141,批号1652792);青霉素-链霉素溶液(来自Hyclone,货号SV30010,批号J160016);Glutamax(来自Gibco,货号35050-061,批号1715705);DMSO(来自Sigma,货号276855-1L,批号#STBD8882V);具有白色壁和透明底的96孔板,经组织培养处理(来自Corning,货号CLS3903,批号16816002);方形V底96孔板(来自Costar,货号3960,批号04914002);CellTiter Glo检测试剂盒(来自Promega,货号G7571,批号0000126342);星孢菌素(来自Sigma,货号S4400-1MG,批号#115M4047V)。
细胞系如表8所示。在所有情况下,培养时间为72小时,细胞系以悬浮状态生长。接种密度指96孔板中的每孔。
表8
实验方法
细胞接种方法、化合物的准备、化合物的板的准备、试剂的准备和检测测量方法与上述生物学实例7相同。
结果如表9所示,数据表示为绝对IC50,单位为μM。
表9
化合物ID | KG-1 | MV-4-11 | Kasumi-3 | JeKo-1 | Molm-13 | OCI-M1 | HL-60 |
达托利司 | 0.0900 | 0.0365 | 0.1052 | 0.0678 | 0.0443 | 0.1249 | 0.4300 |
实施例1 | 0.7152 | 0.9066 | 0.2322 | 6.5416 | 9.3421 | >10 | 8.7474 |
星孢菌素 | 0.0232 | 0.0003 | 0.0014 | 0.0107 | 0.0016 | 0.0484 | 0.0264 |
结果表明,实施例1的化合物在体外对细胞系是有效的,因此可以预期它能在体内表现出对白血病的疗效。
上述说明书中提到的所有出版物通过引用并入本文。在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,本发明的各种修改和变化对本领域技术人员来说将是明显的。尽管已经结合特定的优选实施方案描述了本发明,但是应当理解,所要求保护的本发明不应不适当地局限于这样的特定实施方案。事实上,对化学、药学或相关领域的技术人员来说显而易见的用于实施本发明的所述模式的各种修改和等价物旨在落入所附权利要求的范围内。
Claims (15)
1.式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐:
其中:
Y选自由C(Ra)(Rb)和NRc组成的组;
Ra、Rb和Rc各自独立地选自由H和C1-6烷基组成的组;
n是1至3;
各R1选自由卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基、C1-6烷氧基和C1-6卤代烷氧基组成的组;
R2是C1-4烷基;并且
R3选自由H和C1-3烷基组成的组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中Y选自由CH2和N(CH3)组成的组。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中n是1或2。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的化合物,其中各R1选自由F、CF3和OCF3组成的组。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的化合物,其中n是1且R1是OCF3。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的化合物,其中n是2,一个R1是F,而另一个R1是CF3。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2是CH3。
8.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化合物,其中R3是H。
9.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其为下式的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐:
10.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其为下式的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐:
11.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其为下式的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐:
12.一种药物制剂,其包括与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合的根据权利要求1至11中任一项所定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐。
13.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐作为药物的用途。
14.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐,在治疗选自由如下组成的组中的疾病中的用途:癌症、免疫失调、心血管疾病、病毒感染、炎症、代谢/内分泌功能紊乱、神经功能障碍、阻塞性呼吸道疾病、过敏性疾病、炎症性疾病、免疫抑制、通常与器官移植有关的病症、AIDS相关疾病、良性前列腺增生、家族性腺瘤、息肉病、神经纤维瘤病、银屑病、骨疾病、动脉粥样硬化、与动脉粥样硬化相关的血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肺纤维化、关节炎、肾小球肾炎和术后狭窄、再狭窄、卒中、糖尿病、肝肿大、阿尔茨海默病、囊性纤维化、激素相关疾病、免疫缺陷疾病、破坏性骨疾病、传染病、与细胞死亡相关的病症、凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集、慢性髓性白血病、肝病、涉及T细胞激活的病理性免疫病症、CNS障碍和其他相关疾病。
15.一种组合,包括:
(A)根据权利要求1至11中任一项所定义的式I的化合物、或其药学上可接受的溶剂合物或盐;和
(B)另一种治疗剂。
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EP4441052A1 (en) | 2024-10-09 |
CA3239257A1 (en) | 2023-06-08 |
WO2023099072A1 (en) | 2023-06-08 |
MX2024006741A (es) | 2024-06-19 |
KR20240110971A (ko) | 2024-07-16 |
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