CN118388597B - 一种多肽模拟酶及其在黄曲霉毒素b1降解上的应用 - Google Patents
一种多肽模拟酶及其在黄曲霉毒素b1降解上的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种多肽模拟酶及其在黄曲霉毒素B1降解上的应用。原料包括多肽序列与铜离子;所述的多肽序列为:Ac‑ICIHIHIHIHI‑CONH2。基于仿生模拟酶原理设计肽序列,与铜离子高效结合构建漆酶氧化模拟酶,实现了与漆酶在三维结构‑体外活性上的高度一致。该模拟酶肽序列短且简单、活性高且稳定,同时具有耐高温等优良特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种多肽模拟酶及其在黄曲霉毒素B1降解上的应用。
背景技术
黄曲霉毒素是黄曲霉和寄生曲霉等某些菌株产生的双呋喃环类毒素。黄曲霉毒素对人及动物肝脏组织有破坏作用,严重时可导致肝癌甚至死亡,在天然污染的食品中以黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)最为常见,其毒性和致癌性也最强。而其可在农作物生长、农产品收获、运输、贮藏等多个环节发生污染,主要分布在坚果、花生、玉米、小麦和大豆等食品和粮食中。因此,世界各国都对食品中的黄曲霉毒素的含量做出了严格的规定。然而目前,我国的玉米、坚果、花生等食品中仍可检测出AFB1,甚至存在含量超标的情况。AFB1污染仍是食品、饲料等行业中亟待解决的问题。
目前国内外应用于去除AFB1的方法有物理法(吸附、高温、辐照)、化学法(强氧化剂、强酸强碱)和生物法(酶降解)。其中物理法和化学法会影响产品品质、破坏营养成分、影响食品安全,明显不适用于食品脱毒。酶降解是目前AFB1脱毒方法的研究热点,其条件温和、特异性强且副产物毒性小。但是天然酶也存在许多缺点,例如:(1)天然酶容易受到环境(温度、pH)变化的影响;(2)天然酶结构复杂,对其结构修饰和催化性能的调节比较困难;(3)分离、纯化天然酶耗时费力且费用高昂。因为酶的催化功能在很大程度上取决于活性位点的化学结构,在活性位点中,官能团协同辅助因子特异性结合底物,随后进行催化转化。因此受酶的结构与功能关系的启发,利用超分子自组装来构建酶模拟物已有了许多系统研究。在碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯、金属有机骨架等诸多材料中,多肽作为一种理想的生物分子,已被广泛用于通过自组装构建酶模拟物。多肽作为酶模拟物的构建块的优势不仅在于其结构和化学性质与天然酶的相似性,还在于其结构更简单、稳定性更高、成本更低、生物相容性更好等优点。
发明内容
针对现阶段黄曲霉毒素B1降解上存在的问题,本发明提供一种多肽模拟酶及其在黄曲霉毒素B1降解上的应用。借助模拟酶的思路,设计出一种能形成有序空间结构的含铜的多肽氧化模拟酶,并研究其结构和催化活性,以及在AFB1中的降解作用。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种多肽模拟酶,原料包括多肽序列与铜离子;
所述的多肽的氨基酸序列,如SEQ ID No.1所示;具体为Ac- ICIHIHIHIHI -CONH2;
所述多肽的N端进行乙酰化,C端酰胺化。
优选地,所述的多肽分子结构为:
优选地,所述的Cu2+与肽的浓度为1.5-2.5:1。
上述多肽模拟酶的制备方法,将多肽与Cu2+在pH为5.0-10.0下孵育,过夜避光。
更进一步地,所述的孵育在缓冲体系下进行;优选地,所述缓冲体系为磷酸缓冲体系。
另外,上述多肽模拟酶以及上述方法制备的多肽模拟酶在降解AFB1上的应用。
优选地,将AFB1与肽模拟酶在25-40℃下混合反应即可。
多肽的氨基酸序列为疏水氨基酸与亲水氨基酸交替排列,能通过分子间非共价键相互作用,形成结构明确且稳定,并且具有理化性质的分子聚集体。
本发明研究分析了漆酶的三维结构,发现Ⅰ型铜有一个三角配位,两个组氨酸和一个半胱氨酸作为保守的横向配位体,Ⅱ型铜离子是由两个组氨酸残基配合,通常靠近Ⅲ型铜离子。Ⅱ型铜和Ⅲ型铜形成一个三核簇,其中分子氧被还原,水被释放。基于上述对漆酶结构的解析,利用仿生模拟酶的构建思路,本发明设计了源于漆酶活性结构域的多肽序列(ICIHIHIHIHI),其中疏水氨基酸(I:异亮氨酸)与亲水氨基酸(C:半胱氨酸,H:组氨酸)交替排列,鉴于Cu2+在活性构象中的关键作用,在所设计的肽模拟酶中加入Cu2+,利用多肽与Cu2+的结合,铜离子与半胱氨酸和组氨酸结合形成聚集体,得到稳定的三维结构。
基于仿生模拟酶原理设计肽序列,与铜离子高效结合构建漆酶氧化模拟酶,实现了与漆酶在三维结构-体外活性上的高度一致。该模拟酶肽序列短且简单、活性高且稳定,同时具有耐高温等优良特性。
当Cu2+与多肽比例为2:1时,降解率最高,可达92%,与模式底物结果一致;当温度为60℃时,降解率达到98%,温度为70℃时可降解完全。表明此多肽模拟酶具有优异的漆酶氧化活性,降解AFB1,在已报道出的黄曲霉毒素降解酶中,具有显著优势。
附图说明
图1为肽模拟酶在不同铜离子浓度条件下孵育时的相对活性;
图2为肽模拟酶催化模式底物2,4-DP/4-AP的底物浓度-催化速率曲线图;
图3为肽模拟酶与刚果红结合后的紫外吸收光谱;
图4为肽模拟酶的圆二色谱(CD)图;
图5为肽模拟酶的红外光谱(FTIR);
图6为肽模拟酶的透射电子显微镜(TEM)图谱;
图7为肽模拟酶在不同铜离子浓度条件下降解AFB1的高效液相色谱(HPLC)图;
图8为肽模拟酶在不同铜离子浓度条件下降解AFB1的曲线图;
图9为肽模拟酶在不同温度条件下降解AFB1的降解率;
图10为肽模拟酶降解AFB1的产物1质谱图;
图11为肽模拟酶降解AFB1的产物2质谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。除非特别说明,本发明具体实施方式中所用的技术手段均为本领域技术人员所公知的方法。
实施例1:肽模拟酶的制备与催化反应动力学:
多肽冻干粉提前从冰箱中取出,在室温下放置30min,然后滴加20μ乙腈和20μ水混合使多肽溶解,再逐滴加入含有CuCl2(0mM,4mM,6mM,8mM,10mM,12mM)的PB缓冲液(20mM,pH8),使多肽终浓度为4mM。将上述溶液通过涡旋振荡器混合均匀,并在室温下避光孵育24h。
2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DP)/4-氨基替林(4-AP)的氧化产物在510nm处有紫外吸收峰,因此以2,4-DP/4-AP为模式底物,通过测定吸光度来评估肽模拟酶在不同铜离子浓度共孵育条件下的氧化活性,结果如图1所示。在孵育时不加入Cu2+,肽模拟酶无明显活性,而随着Cu2+浓度的增加,肽模拟酶的活性也随之增高,在Cu2+与肽的浓度达到2:1时,活性达到最高,在Cu2+浓度为肽浓度的2.5倍、3倍时,活性反而降低,可见Cu2+与肽的最适结合比为2:1。
以2,4-DP/4-AP为模式底物,设置底物系列浓度(0.06、0.12、0.24、0.36、0.48、0.6、0.72、0.84μM),在510nm处测定吸光度,并绘制反应速率-底物浓度曲线,拟合得到反应速度Vmax和米氏常数Km。如图2所示,求得动力学参数Km为0.07mM,Vmax为1.01×103mM/min,Kcat为1.68min-1,Kcat/Km为2.25×104。具有良好的酶催化动力学特征,并且Km值远小于所报道出的天然酶的Km值,证明本发明的肽模拟酶具有良好的底物亲和力。
实施例2:肽模拟酶的结构表征
考察肽模拟酶在Cu2+结合前后的CD、FTIR、TEM以及与刚果红结合后的紫外光谱结果如图3-5所示。刚果红是最常用的淀粉样蛋白特异性染料之一,淀粉样蛋白的特征在于它们结合刚果红的能力,将孵育完成后的肽模拟物取20μ加入到刚果红溶液(25μM)中,在400-650nm之间测定紫外吸收光谱,结果如图3显示,加入Cu2+共孵育的肽模拟酶的紫外吸收强度比不加Cu2+孵育的肽的紫外吸收强度大。圆二色谱图(图4)是在185-260nm范围内测定的,扣除PB缓冲液背景信号后结果显示,与Cu2+共孵育的肽模拟酶的二级结构信号增强。通过BESTSEL网站计算可得,与铜共孵育的肽模拟酶α-螺旋比例占61.8%,β-折叠结构比例占38.2%,而没有铜的多肽二级结构α-螺旋比例占8.2%,β-折叠占19.4%。因此在本发明中铜离子与多肽发生了结合并完成自组装使模拟酶结构更稳定。
在红外色谱图中(图5),多肽与Cu2+结合后分别在酰胺Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区的1623cm-1和1537cm-1处有一强信号,这表明存在α-螺旋与β-折叠结构,与圆二色结果一致。透射电子显微镜(图6)也进一步验证了上述结果,有铜存在时的肽模拟酶呈聚集网状结构,而铜时呈分散无规则结构。以上结果都表明Cu2+与多肽发生强烈相互作用形成模拟酶。
实施例3:肽模拟酶降解AFB1
用甲醇制备黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)原液(1mg/mL),将终浓度为10μg/mL的AFB1与肽模拟酶(0.2mM)在37℃、120rpm的条件下反应6h,通过高效液相色谱法(流动相为乙腈:水(55:45),色谱柱:4.6×250mm 5μm,控制进样量与流速分别为20μL和0.6mL/min,紫外检测器波长为365nm,运行时间8min)探究与不同Cu2+浓度共孵育的肽模拟酶的降解率。此外还设计了两组对照试验,对照组一为不与Cu2+共孵育的多肽降解AFB1;对照组二为CuCl2溶液降解AFB1。由于结果显示不与Cu2+共孵育的多肽几乎无活性,因此根据对照组二计算降解率。由图7、8可得当Cu2+与多肽比例为2:1时,降解率最高,可达92%,与模式底物结果一致,因此可得Cu2+与多肽最适浓度比为2:1。此外,本发明还对肽模拟酶在不同温度条件降解AFB1的效率进行了考察,结果如图9所示,当温度为60℃时,降解率达到98%,温度为70℃时可降解完全。表明此多肽模拟酶具有优异的漆酶氧化活性,降解AFB1,在已报道出的黄曲霉毒素降解酶中,具有显著优势。
实施例4:AFB1的产物鉴定与毒性分析
对AFB1降解产物的分析是将肽模拟酶进一步应用到实际生活中不可缺少的一部分,在本发明中,使用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪对产物进行分析鉴定,仪器参数为:进样体积5μL,柱温40℃,运行时间19min,流速0.4mL/min,流动相A:0.1%甲酸水溶液;B:乙腈,梯度洗脱如下:
表1:梯度洗脱设计
扫描模式为正离子扫描。结果如图10,11所示,降解产物(C16H14O5)是 AFB1母体环戊烯酮环脱去 C=O,在 C=C 上加2H还原所得;降解产物(C15H11O4)可能来源于AFB1-二氢二醇,而该产物已被证实毒性远小于AFB1。
Claims (8)
1.一种多肽模拟酶,其特征在于,原料包括多肽与铜离子;
所述的多肽的氨基酸序列,如SEQ ID No.1所示;具体为Ac-ICIHIHIHIHI -CONH2;
所述多肽的N端进行乙酰化,C端酰胺化。
2.根据权利要求1所述多肽模拟酶,其特征在于,所述的多肽分子结构为:
。
3.根据权利要求1所述多肽模拟酶,其特征在于,所述的Cu2+与肽的浓度为1.5-2.5:1。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一所述的多肽模拟酶的制备方法,其特征在于,将多肽与Cu2+在pH为5.0-10.0下孵育,过夜避光。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的孵育在缓冲体系下进行。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述缓冲体系为磷酸缓冲体系。
7.权利要求1-3中任一所述的多肽模拟酶以及权利要求4或5所示的方法制备的多肽模拟酶在降解AFB1上的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所说的应用,其特征在于,将AFB1与肽模拟酶在25-40℃下混合反应即可。
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