CN118321546B - Low-cost preparation method of titanium-aluminum-based alloy and composite material thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost preparation method of titanium-aluminum-based alloy and composite material thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118321546B CN118321546B CN202410756741.6A CN202410756741A CN118321546B CN 118321546 B CN118321546 B CN 118321546B CN 202410756741 A CN202410756741 A CN 202410756741A CN 118321546 B CN118321546 B CN 118321546B
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B22F3/1035—Liquid phase sintering
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- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost preparation method of a titanium-aluminum-based alloy and a composite material thereof, which comprises the following steps: 1. uniformly mixing titanium-aluminum-based alloy powder or titanium-aluminum-based alloy composite material powder by adopting a mechanical method to obtain mixed powder; 2. cold isostatic pressing of the mixed powder to obtain a blank; 3. coating aluminum-silicon alloy powder outside the blank, and then coating and sealing by adopting an iron belt; 4. carrying out vacuum pressureless sintering on the blank subjected to cladding and sealing to obtain a sintered body; 5. and carrying out thermoplastic deformation and heat treatment on the sintered body, and peeling off the coating layer to obtain the titanium-aluminum-based alloy or the titanium-aluminum-based alloy composite material. The aluminum-silicon alloy powder and the iron belt are adopted to coat the blank, so that oxidation in the sintering and thermoplastic deformation processes is avoided, the oxidation defect introduced by sheath welding is avoided, meanwhile, the stress is dispersed by the aluminum-silicon alloy powder in the thermoplastic deformation process, the blank is prevented from cracking, the traditional hot isostatic pressing link is omitted, and the production cost such as equipment investment is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material preparation, and particularly relates to a low-cost preparation method of a titanium-aluminum-based alloy and a composite material thereof.
Background
The titanium-aluminum-based alloy becomes a substitute material of the nickel-based superalloy blade for the aeroengine by virtue of the low density and the mechanical property at high temperature. The titanium-aluminum alloy has extremely low plasticity at room temperature, hardly has workability, and undergoes thermoplastic deformation only by improving the plasticity by heating. However, titanium-aluminum alloys are susceptible to oxidation at high temperatures and must be air-insulated or gas-shielded during hot working, which presents great difficulties in the forming of the alloy.
Currently, in order to realize the preparation of titanium-aluminum alloy products with complex structural shapes, the main stream methods are a powder metallurgy method and a smelting method. The method mainly uses hot isostatic pressing to realize densification of the titanium-aluminum alloy powder at high temperature and high pressure, but the method needs to manufacture a special stainless steel sheath for hot isostatic pressing, has high investment on hot isostatic pressing equipment, needs a large-sized hot isostatic pressing furnace if the whole size of the titanium-aluminum alloy product is large, has selling price of more than ten millions of yuan, and greatly increases the production cost of the product. One of the main problems of titanium-aluminum alloys prepared by the smelting method is that the grains are coarse and must be refined by thermoplastic deformation, and the current main method is to weld a sheath outside the titanium-aluminum alloy by using a welding method, and then to perform integral thermoplastic deformation. However, the method has the problems that welding impurities and oxidation defects are easily introduced in the welding process, the tightness of the sheath cannot be ensured, the internal titanium-aluminum alloy is easy to crack in the whole thermoplastic deformation process, and the yield is low. In addition, the smelting method is not suitable for preparing the titanium-aluminum-based composite material, because the reinforced phase inevitably undergoes segregation or growth in the smelting process, so that the processability and the service performance of the titanium-aluminum-based composite material are reduced.
It is highly desirable to have a low cost method of preparing titanium aluminum based alloys and composites thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a low-cost preparation method of the titanium-aluminum-based alloy and the composite material thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the method, the aluminum-silicon alloy powder and the iron belt are adopted to coat the blank, the low-melting-point aluminum-silicon alloy powder is converted into a liquid phase to realize sealing, oxidation in the sintering and thermoplastic deformation processes is avoided, the iron belt is used for maintaining the geometric structure of the blank, the oxidation defect introduced by sheath welding is omitted, meanwhile, the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is used for dispersing stress in the thermoplastic deformation process, the blank is prevented from cracking, the equipment cost investment of hot isostatic pressing is not needed, and the problems of high cost, low yield, narrow applicability, insufficient product performance and the like in the conventional preparation of the titanium-aluminum alloy by adopting the powder metallurgy or smelting method are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a low-cost preparation method of a titanium-aluminum-based alloy and a composite material thereof, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing titanium-aluminum-based alloy powder or titanium-aluminum-based alloy composite material powder by adopting a mechanical method to obtain mixed powder;
step two, carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the mixed powder obtained in the step one to obtain a blank;
Step three, coating aluminum-silicon alloy powder outside the blank obtained in the step three, and then coating and sealing the outermost layer by adopting an iron belt;
Step four, carrying out vacuum pressureless sintering on the blank subjected to the cladding and sealing in the step three to obtain a sintered body;
and fifthly, performing thermoplastic deformation and heat treatment on the sintered body obtained in the step four, and then stripping the coating layer to obtain the titanium-aluminum-based alloy or the titanium-aluminum-based alloy composite material.
The low-cost preparation method of the titanium-aluminum-based alloy and the composite material thereof is characterized in that in the second step, the cold isostatic pressing adopts a three-gradient pressurizing procedure, each gradient pressure is 150% of the previous gradient pressure, the third gradient pressure is 200-250 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time of each gradient is 1-2 h. According to the invention, the cold isostatic pressing is performed by adopting a three-gradient pressurizing procedure, the pressure is gradually increased, so that the mixed powder is fully compacted, the density of the blank is improved, the internal defects of the brittle titanium-aluminum-based alloy and the composite material thereof in the subsequent sintering process are avoided, and meanwhile, the pressure maintaining time is longer than that of the conventional cold isostatic pressing, so that the optimal powder cold welding effect is realized, and the energy consumption cost is avoided from being increased due to overlong pressure maintaining time.
The low-cost preparation method of the titanium-aluminum-based alloy and the composite material thereof is characterized in that the aluminum-silicon alloy powder in the third step consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 40% -80% of Al, 20.0% -60.0% of Si and the balance of unavoidable impurities; the coating thickness of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 1 mm-5 mm, and the thickness of the iron belt is 3 mm-5 mm. The invention ensures the low melting point characteristic by controlling the composition of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder; meanwhile, the optimal stress conduction and dispersion effects are achieved by controlling the coating thickness of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder and the thickness of the iron belt, and the problems that the effective degassing and sealing cannot be achieved due to the fact that the coating thickness of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is too thin and the processing and manufacturing cost is increased due to the fact that the thickness of the iron belt is too thin are avoided.
The low-cost preparation method of the titanium-aluminum-based alloy and the composite material thereof is characterized in that the vacuum pressureless sintering temperature in the fourth step is 1300-1350 ℃. At the temperature, the titanium-aluminum alloy reaches a single-phase region, the solid solubility of each alloy element and reinforcement in the titanium-aluminum alloy in the blank is highest, the homogenization of components in the titanium-aluminum alloy and the composite material is facilitated, and the material rejection caused by the over-high sintering temperature and the melting of the titanium-aluminum alloy is avoided.
The low-cost preparation method of the titanium-aluminum-based alloy and the composite material thereof is characterized in that the temperature of the thermoplastic deformation in the fifth step is 1100-1200 ℃. At the temperature, the titanium-aluminum-based alloy and the composite material thereof have optimal plasticity, ensure the smooth proceeding of the deformation process and avoid the occurrence of deformation cracking phenomenon at the excessively high or excessively low temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. According to the invention, the low-melting-point aluminum-silicon alloy powder and the iron belt are designed for the blank pressed by the raw material powder through cold isostatic pressing to be coated, and the temperature of subsequent sintering is controlled to be between the melting point of the aluminum-silicon alloy and the melting point of the iron belt, so that the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is converted into a liquid phase in the sintering process, on one hand, the outside air is isolated, the sealing of the blank is realized, the oxidization is avoided, on the other hand, the adsorption of gas released by the sintering in the blank is realized, the impurity content of gases such as O, N is reduced, and the compactness and the purity of the sintered blank are improved.
2. According to the invention, the low-melting-point aluminum-silicon alloy powder and the iron belt are designed for the blank pressed by the raw material powder through cold isostatic pressing to be coated, and the temperature of the subsequent thermoplastic deformation is controlled to be between the melting point of the aluminum-silicon alloy and the melting point of the iron belt, so that the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is converted into a liquid phase in the thermoplastic deformation process, on one hand, the isolation of external air is realized, the oxidation is avoided, on the other hand, the stress is effectively dispersed, the cracking of the titanium-aluminum-based alloy or the titanium-aluminum-based alloy composite material difficult to deform in the thermoplastic deformation process is avoided, the processing amount of the titanium-aluminum-based alloy or the titanium-aluminum-based alloy composite material is greatly improved, and the microstructure refinement is realized.
3. According to the invention, the iron belt is adopted to carry out cladding and sealing on the outermost layer, and the solid-phase iron belt is used for maintaining the geometric structure of the blank, so that the blank replaces the traditional stainless steel welding sheath, the sheath welding link is omitted, the introduction of welding impurities and welding defects is avoided, and the quality of the titanium-aluminum-based alloy or titanium-aluminum-based alloy composite material is ensured.
4. The invention adopts a combined process of long-time cold isostatic pressing combined with vacuum pressureless sintering and thermoplastic deformation to replace the traditional hot isostatic pressing process, greatly reduces the production cost of manufacturing a hot isostatic pressing sheath, purchasing a hot isostatic pressing furnace and the like, and realizes low-cost preparation.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the preparation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a physical diagram of the TiAl alloy prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the TiAl alloy prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes the steps of:
Uniformly mixing TiAl alloy prealloy powder by adopting a mechanical method to obtain mixed powder;
Step two, carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the mixed powder obtained in the step one, wherein the cold isostatic pressing adopts a three-gradient pressurizing procedure, each gradient pressure is 150% of the previous gradient pressure, the third gradient pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time of each gradient is 1h, so as to obtain a blank;
Step three, coating aluminum-silicon alloy powder outside the blank obtained in the step three, and then coating and sealing the outermost layer by adopting an iron belt; the aluminum-silicon alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0% of Al, 60.0% of Si and the balance of unavoidable impurities; the cladding thickness of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 1mm, and the thickness of the iron belt is 3mm;
Step four, carrying out vacuum pressureless sintering on the blank subjected to the cladding and sealing in the step three, wherein the temperature of the vacuum pressureless sintering is 1300 ℃, and obtaining a sintered body;
and fifthly, carrying out thermoplastic deformation and heat treatment on the sintered body obtained in the step four, wherein the temperature of the thermoplastic deformation is 1100 ℃, and then stripping the coating layer comprising aluminum-silicon alloy powder and an iron belt coating layer to obtain the TiAl alloy.
Fig. 2 is a physical diagram of the TiAl alloy prepared in this embodiment, and fig. 3 is a microstructure diagram of the TiAl alloy prepared in this embodiment, and it can be seen from the combination of fig. 2 and fig. 3 that the surface of the TiAl alloy prepared in this invention has no defects such as cracks, etc., and the internal microstructure is fine and uniform, and has no defects such as microcracks, holes, inclusions, etc.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing TiAl alloy prealloy powder by adopting a stirring method to obtain mixed powder;
Step two, carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the mixed powder obtained in the step one, wherein the pressure of the cold isostatic pressing is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5h, so as to obtain a blank;
step three, welding a carbon steel sheath outside the blank obtained in the step three for cladding and sealing; the thickness of the carbon steel sheath is 2.5mm;
And fourthly, carrying out thermoplastic deformation and heat treatment on the blank subjected to the cladding and sealing in the third step, wherein the temperature of the thermoplastic deformation is 1000 ℃, and then stripping the cladding layer comprising aluminum-silicon alloy powder and an iron belt cladding layer to obtain the TiAl alloy.
Through detection, in comparative example 1, the powder falling phenomenon occurs after the TiAl alloy prealloyed powder is subjected to short-time cold isostatic pressing, which shows that the compactness of the blank is poor, and the oxygen inhalation in the blank is serious after the carbon steel sheath is welded, so that the blank is cracked after thermoplastic deformation; further cutting and detecting the TiAl alloy product, the internal structure of the TiAl alloy contains a large number of cracks, weld inclusions and other defects, and the TiAl alloy product has no usability.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes the steps of:
uniformly mixing TiAl alloy prealloy powder and reinforcement carbon black powder by adopting a mechanical method to obtain mixed powder;
step two, carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the mixed powder obtained in the step one, wherein the cold isostatic pressing adopts a three-gradient pressurizing procedure, each gradient pressure is 150% of the previous gradient pressure, the third gradient pressure is 225MPa, and the pressure maintaining time of each gradient is 1.5h, so as to obtain a blank;
Step three, coating aluminum-silicon alloy powder outside the blank obtained in the step three, and then coating and sealing the outermost layer by adopting an iron belt; the aluminum-silicon alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60.0% of Al, 40.0% of Si and the balance of unavoidable impurities; the cladding thickness of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 3mm, and the thickness of the iron belt is 4mm;
step four, carrying out vacuum pressureless sintering on the blank subjected to the cladding and sealing in the step three, wherein the temperature of the vacuum pressureless sintering is 1325 ℃, and obtaining a sintered body;
And fifthly, carrying out thermoplastic deformation and heat treatment on the sintered body obtained in the step four, wherein the temperature of the thermoplastic deformation is 1150 ℃, and then stripping the coating layer comprising aluminum-silicon alloy powder and an iron belt coating layer to obtain the TiAl-based alloy composite material.
Through detection, the TiAl-based alloy composite material prepared by the embodiment has fine and uniform microstructure, and no defects such as cracks, loading, gaps and the like are found.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes the steps of:
Uniformly mixing TiAl alloy prealloy powder by adopting a mechanical method to obtain mixed powder;
Step two, carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the mixed powder obtained in the step one, wherein the cold isostatic pressing adopts a three-gradient pressurizing procedure, each gradient pressure is 150% of the previous gradient pressure, the third gradient pressure is 250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time of each gradient is 2 hours, so as to obtain a blank;
Step three, coating aluminum-silicon alloy powder outside the blank obtained in the step three, and then coating and sealing the outermost layer by adopting an iron belt; the aluminum-silicon alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80.0% of Al, 20.0% of Si and the balance of unavoidable impurities; the cladding thickness of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 5mm, and the thickness of the iron belt is 5mm;
step four, carrying out vacuum pressureless sintering on the blank subjected to the cladding and sealing in the step three, wherein the temperature of the vacuum pressureless sintering is 1350 ℃, and obtaining a sintered body;
And fifthly, carrying out thermoplastic deformation and heat treatment on the sintered body obtained in the step four, wherein the temperature of the thermoplastic deformation is 1200 ℃, and then stripping the coating layer comprising aluminum-silicon alloy powder and the iron belt coating layer to obtain the TiAl alloy.
Through detection, the TiAl alloy prepared by the embodiment has fine and uniform microstructure, and no defects such as cracks, loading, gaps and the like are found.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A low-cost preparation method of a titanium-aluminum-based alloy and a composite material thereof, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing titanium-aluminum-based alloy powder or titanium-aluminum-based alloy composite material powder by adopting a mechanical method to obtain mixed powder;
step two, carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the mixed powder obtained in the step one to obtain a blank;
Step three, coating aluminum-silicon alloy powder outside the blank obtained in the step three, and then coating and sealing the outermost layer by adopting an iron belt;
step four, carrying out vacuum pressureless sintering on the blank subjected to the cladding and sealing in the step three to obtain a sintered body; the temperature of the vacuum pressureless sintering is 1300-1350 ℃;
Step five, carrying out thermoplastic deformation and heat treatment on the sintered body obtained in the step four, and then stripping the coating layer to obtain a titanium-aluminum-based alloy or titanium-aluminum-based alloy composite material; the temperature of the thermoplastic deformation is 1100-1200 ℃.
2. The low-cost preparation method of the titanium-aluminum-based alloy and the composite material thereof according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the cold isostatic pressing adopts a three-gradient pressurizing procedure, each gradient pressure is 150% of the previous gradient pressure, the third gradient pressure is 200-250 MPa, and the dwell time of each gradient is 1-2 h.
3. The low-cost preparation method of the titanium-aluminum-based alloy and the composite material thereof according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the aluminum-silicon alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% -80% of Al, 20.0% -60.0% of Si and the balance of unavoidable impurities; the coating thickness of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 1 mm-5 mm, and the thickness of the iron belt is 3 mm-5 mm.
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| CA1176490A (en) * | 1980-04-15 | 1984-10-23 | Toru Morimoto | Method for the manufacture of a sintered porous body of aluminum or an aluminum-base alloy |
| CN101445382A (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2009-06-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Biomimetic self-healing phase-change heat-absorption A1 microcapsule/ceramic-base composite heat-proof material and preparation method thereof |
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| US4652413A (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1987-03-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for preparing configured silicon carbide whisker-reinforced alumina ceramic articles |
| JP2844934B2 (en) * | 1990-12-27 | 1999-01-13 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Manufacturing method of gas-phase synthetic diamond coated cutting tool |
| US5098469A (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1992-03-24 | General Motors Corporation | Powder metal process for producing multiphase NI-AL-TI intermetallic alloys |
| JP3413921B2 (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 2003-06-09 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Method for producing Ti-Al based intermetallic compound sintered body |
| US7566415B2 (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2009-07-28 | Adma Products, Inc. | Method for manufacturing fully dense metal sheets and layered composites from reactive alloy powders |
| US7311873B2 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2007-12-25 | Adma Products, Inc. | Process of direct powder rolling of blended titanium alloys, titanium matrix composites, and titanium aluminides |
| DE102011013894A1 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-13 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Final shape production of components made of material comprising intermetallic phases of trimolybdenum silicide and molybdenum borosilicide distributed in matrix, comprises e.g. subjecting powder mixture to grinding and producing suspension |
| CN103949643B (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-10-21 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A coating method for preventing oxidation of molybdenum and molybdenum alloys |
| CN104651663B (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2017-04-12 | 中南大学 | Double-layer titanium aluminum/aluminum silicon composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106119583B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2017-11-07 | 济南大学 | A kind of preparation method of pressureless sintering titanium/aluminum oxide gradient composites |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1176490A (en) * | 1980-04-15 | 1984-10-23 | Toru Morimoto | Method for the manufacture of a sintered porous body of aluminum or an aluminum-base alloy |
| CN101445382A (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2009-06-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Biomimetic self-healing phase-change heat-absorption A1 microcapsule/ceramic-base composite heat-proof material and preparation method thereof |
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