CN118289186A - Bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bimodal unmanned transportation craft, which belongs to the technical field of ship design and manufacture and the field of underwater ships and comprises a hull shell, wherein both ends of the hull shell are respectively provided with an axe-shaped head and a round tip which are used for adapting to the hydrodynamic characteristics of water surface and underwater, the hull shell is provided with a reversible hydrofoil at the head and tail sides of a bilge part, the direction of the hydrofoil can be adjusted to utilize the downward lifting force generated by the hydrofoil to slide into water, the hull shell is internally provided with a special ballast water tank and/or a water inlet cargo hold which can be used for adjusting draft through water injection and water drainage, and the bottom of the hull shell is provided with a full-rotation pod propeller. The invention solves the problems that the existing aircraft cannot take the water surface and the underwater into consideration for normal transportation navigation and energy saving, and particularly can submerge underwater under the regional ocean ice-sealing condition and the severe sea condition, thereby reducing the transportation risk of the aircraft.

Description

Bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ship design and manufacturing and the field of underwater ships, and particularly relates to a bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle capable of achieving transportation on the water surface and under water.

Background

The global field of marine transport has been dominated by surface vessels. The advantage of water surface transportation is that the technology is mature, the visual range is large, and the goods can be conveniently loaded and unloaded. However, there are significant limitations to surface vessels in facing special situations such as high sea conditions or sea ice areas. Under these extreme conditions, the vessel is exposed to significant risks including sea wave impact, ice mountain or ice flossing, etc., which can lead to cargo loss and even sinking of the vessel.

However, the underwater environment is relatively stable with respect to the varying water surface environment, and is not affected by wind, waves, surges or ice floes. But underwater ships, such as submarines, etc., are mainly used for military and scientific purposes. They are designed with important consideration of the pressure resistance and special working capacity in an underwater environment. However, existing submarines or submarines are not suitable for conventional cargo transportation due to their special design and operating requirements.

Because the requirements of the water surface and the underwater equipment on stability, rapidity, compression resistance and sinking resistance are different, few vehicles can take the high-efficiency transportation of the water surface and the underwater into consideration at present. If a vehicle could be developed that would be able to efficiently load and unload cargo on the surface while submerged in the water in the face of severe weather or extreme environments, avoiding hazards. Such a vehicle incorporating the characteristics of both a surface vessel and an underwater ship would greatly improve marine efficiency and safety.

The biggest reason that the state of the current water surface and the state of the underwater vehicle cannot be exchanged is that the appearance, the structure, the power system, the navigation principle and the like are different.

The volume of the closed space of the water surface ship on the appearance is far larger than the volume of the water drainage, so that the ship can float on the water surface; the volume of the closed space of the underwater vehicle is basically the same as the drainage volume of the underwater vehicle, so that the underwater vehicle is easy to dive. For the sake of rapidness, the bow of the water surface ship is mostly a vertical axe bow or an inclined bow, a bulb bow, a flying shear bow and the like. The turbulence after the windward flow hits the bow is less, and the wave making resistance is also less because of the existence of the bulb; the underwater vehicle does not need to consider travelling wave resistance in terms of rapidity, and only the influence of friction resistance is considered, so that, for example, the foreship of a submarine and a submersible is in a sphere shape or a water drop shape so that the windward flow can not generate larger turbulence after touching the vehicle, and the viscous resistance is reduced.

The ship on the water surface is more considered on the structure, and whether the ship body structure can bear the most extreme bending moment under different working conditions is considered, so that the transverse torsion resistance of the parallel ship under large opening is also considered for the container ship. But for underwater vessels, the withstand voltage characteristics of the craft are more of a concern.

On the power system, the water surface ship is propelled by fuel oil power; but underwater vehicles are typically propelled by battery power due to lack of oxygen under water. AIP (Air-INDEPENDENT PROPULSION, independent of Air propulsion) technology and nuclear power technology can also be used for some submarines with high technical content.

Navigation of water-surface vessels mainly relies on global satellite positioning systems; but the navigation system of the underwater submarine mainly relies on an inertial navigation system and performs position correction by periodic floating. While the underwater positioning of scientific-type submersible mainly depends on underwater or shipborne acoustic beacons for navigation positioning.

Therefore, the craft compatible with the water surface and underwater modes solves the conflict problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing transportation type marine aircraft cannot take the two transportation modes of water surface and underwater into consideration, and the problems comprise switching of the water surface underwater navigation modes, safety guarantee of the water surface underwater navigation and the like.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention provides a bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle, which comprises a hull shell, wherein both ends of the hull shell are respectively provided with an axe-shaped head and a round tip which are used for adapting to water surface and underwater hydrodynamic characteristics, the hull shell is provided with reversible hydrofoils at the head and tail sides of a bilge part, the direction of the hydrofoils can be adjusted to utilize downward lifting force generated by the hydrofoils to slide into water, a special ballast water tank and/or a water inlet cargo tank which can be used for adjusting draft through water injection and water drainage are arranged in the hull shell, and the bottom of the hull shell is provided with a full-rotation pod propeller.

Preferably, the hydrofoil is provided with an arch surface and a plane; the hydrofoil faces upwards and faces downwards in a plane when in a water surface mode, and generates upward lifting force when the aircraft advances, so that draft becomes shallow, and viscous resistance is reduced; the hydrofoil faces downwards in an underwater mode, faces upwards in a plane, and generates downward lifting force when the aircraft advances.

Preferably, the hull shell is internally provided with the special ballast water tanks close to the axe-shaped head and the round tip, and the special ballast water tanks can adjust the relative positions of the floating center and the gravity center so as to adjust the trim attitude.

Preferably, the water-permeable cargo compartment is insertable into a sealed cargo compartment.

Preferably, a cabin is arranged in the hull shell, and a diesel generator capable of generating electric energy to drive the full-rotation nacelle propeller to generate thrust is arranged in the cabin.

Preferably, the end of the axe-shaped head is provided with a high-pressure gas cabin which can provide liquid oxygen and high-pressure combustible gas for the diesel generator in the cabin.

Preferably, a communication navigation tower is arranged at the top of the end part where the axe-shaped head is located.

Preferably, the number of the dedicated ballast water tanks is 6, and the tanks are arranged at the end and at the two sides along the length direction of the hull.

Preferably, the two sides close to the axe-shaped head are respectively provided with fuel oil storage cabins, and 3 water-intaking cargo cabins are arranged in the middle along the length direction of the ship body.

Preferably, each hydrofoil is correspondingly provided with a rudder cabin.

The bimodal unmanned transport aircraft provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:

The craft can navigate in both water and underwater modes. The stability of the water surface navigation mode is good, loading and unloading are convenient, and perfect communication navigation guarantee is provided; the underwater mode can enable the aircraft to submerge under the water without consuming huge energy to break ice when the aircraft is sailing in an ice area, and in addition, the aircraft can submerge under the water under the high sea condition to avoid damage to the aircraft and goods caused by billows. This will greatly increase the efficiency of the sea and make full use of the spatial depth of the sea.

The switching between the water surface navigation mode and the underwater navigation mode is performed by utilizing the cooperation of the filling and discharging of the ballast water and the turning of the hydrofoil. The final submergence of the craft is achieved by means of the hydrofoil's downward lift. Therefore, the downward lifting force of the aircraft gradually decreases and even becomes zero when the aircraft loses power, and the aircraft can automatically float upwards to wait for rescue because the static water buoyancy of the aircraft in water is slightly greater than the gravity.

In addition, the aircraft of the invention has no fixed bow and stern: the axe-shaped head faces forward when the ship is sailing on the water surface, and the round tip faces forward when the ship is sailing under water. The navigation mode can be well adapted to hydrodynamic characteristics of different navigation states.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a bimodal unmanned transport vehicle in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a bimodal unmanned transport vehicle in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a bimodal unmanned transport vehicle according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the front view of a bimodal unmanned transport vehicle in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a bimodal unmanned transport vehicle adjustment according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a bimodal unmanned transport vehicle of the present invention changing attitude under water.

Reference numerals: 1. a hull housing; 2. a dedicated ballast water tank; 21. a special ballast water tank 1; 22. a special ballast water tank No. 2; 23. a special ballast water tank No. 3; 24. a special ballast water tank No. 4; 25. a special ballast water tank No. 5; 26. a special ballast water tank No. 6; 3. a water-intaking cargo tank; 31. no.1 water-intaking cargo hold; 32. a No.2 water-permeable cargo hold; 33. no.3 water-intaking cargo tank; 4. a rudder trunk; 41. a rudder trunk No. 1; 42. a No.2 rudder trunk; 43. a rudder trunk No. 3; 44. a No.4 rudder trunk; 5. a nacelle; 6. a fuel storage compartment; 61. a No.1 fuel storage cabin; 62. a No.2 fuel storage cabin; 7. an energy storage device compartment; 8. a high pressure gas compartment; 9. full-rotation pod propeller; 91. no.1 full-rotation nacelle propeller; 92. no.2 full-rotation nacelle propeller; 93. no.3 full-rotation nacelle propeller; 94. no.4 full-rotation nacelle propeller; 10. a communication navigation tower; 11. a hydrofoil; 111. hydrofoil number 1; 112. hydrofoil number 2; 113. hydrofoil number 3; 114. a hydrofoil No. 4; 12. round pointed ends; 13. an axe-shaped head.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purposes and the effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following embodiments specifically describe the technical solution provided by the present invention with reference to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, but the following is not intended to limit the present invention.

The invention designs a bimodal aircraft which can be matched with a sealed carrying cabinet to realize cargo transportation in two modes of water surface and underwater. Two ends of the bimodal aircraft are respectively in an axe shape and a round tip shape so as to respectively adapt to the requirements of rapidness of the aircraft on water surface and underwater: the axe-shaped head 13 breaks waves and chops waves forward when the aircraft is sailing on the water surface, and the round tip 12 is forward when the aircraft is sailing under water to reduce the resistance of the aircraft in the water. The craft relies on ballast water to change its own draft, but the final submergence is to use the downward lift generated by the hydrofoils 11 to slide into the water by adjusting the direction of the hydrofoils 11. Because the water displacement of the aircraft is slightly larger than the power of the aircraft when the aircraft is completely immersed under the water, the gliding and submerging mode also ensures that the aircraft can automatically float upwards to wait for rescue when losing the power, and cannot sink into the water to lose.

The invention can realize shallow water navigation and underwater gliding diving under the unmanned state; the two ends of the boat body are respectively provided with an axe-shaped head 13 and a round tip 12. The main cabins in the ship body are a special ballast water cabin 2, a water-permeable cargo cabin 3, a rudder cabin 4, a cabin 5, an energy storage device cabin 7 and a high-pressure gas cabin 8. The propulsion and steering of the aircraft are realized by a full-rotation pod propeller 9 arranged outside the bottom of the ship. Navigation and radar equipment is placed on the communication navigation tower 10 of the aircraft. The head and tail parts of the bilges of the aircraft are provided with reversible hydrofoils 11;

The axe-shaped head 13 and the round tip 12 of the ship body are shaped, so that the aircraft can adapt to hydrodynamic characteristics of water surface and underwater respectively, and the navigation upstream resistance of the aircraft under different modes is reduced; both the dedicated ballast water tanks 2 and the water-permeable cargo tanks 3 can regulate the draft of the craft by filling and draining water; the invertible hydrofoil 11 in the water surface mode arches upwards and faces downwards. When the aircraft advances, upward lift force is generated, the draft of the aircraft becomes shallow, and the viscous resistance is reduced; the invertible hydrofoil 11 in the underwater mode arches downwards and faces upwards. The aircraft generates downward lifting force when advancing, and the aircraft glides and submerges to avoid the situations such as ice floes or high sea conditions.

When the aircraft is submerged under water, the ballast water tanks at the two ends of the ship body can play a role in adjusting the relative positions of the floating centers and the gravity centers of the ship body. The adjusting mode facilitates the adjustment of the underwater trim attitude of the aircraft, so that the aircraft can realize the advancing mode of wave gliding under the water with minimum power.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention is a bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle comprising a hull 1, a dedicated ballast tank 2 (dedicated ballast tank 21 No. 2, dedicated ballast tank 22 No. 3, dedicated ballast tank 23 No. 4, dedicated ballast tank 24 No. 5, dedicated ballast tank 25 No. 6, dedicated ballast tank 26), a water-in cargo tank 3 (water-in cargo tank 31 No. 1, water-in cargo tank 32 No. 2, water-in cargo tank 33 No. 3), a rudder cabin 4 (rudder cabin 41 No. 1, rudder cabin 42 No. 2, rudder cabin 43 No. 4, rudder cabin 44), a cabin 5, a fuel oil storage cabin 6, an energy storage device cabin 7, a high-pressure gas cabin 8 in the vehicle body.

The two ends of the hull shell 1 are respectively provided with a round tip 12 and an axe-shaped head 13; the inner side of the end part of the round tip 12 is provided with an energy storage device cabin 7 and a special ballast water cabin 26 of No. 6 from top to bottom; the top of the end part of the axe-shaped head 13 is provided with a communication navigation tower 10, the inner side of the end part of the axe-shaped head 13 is provided with a high-pressure gas tank 8 and a special ballast water tank 21 of No.1 from top to bottom, and one side of the end part of the axe-shaped head 13, which is close to the hull, is provided with a cabin 5.

In the hull shell 1, a water inlet cargo hold 31 No. 1, a water inlet cargo hold 32 No. 2 and a water inlet cargo hold 33,1 are sequentially arranged along the ship body, two sides of the water inlet cargo hold 31 No. 3 are respectively provided with a fuel oil storage cabin 61 No. 1 and a fuel oil storage cabin 62,2, two sides of the water inlet cargo hold 32 are respectively provided with a ballast water tank 22 No. 2 and a ballast water tank 23 No. 3, and two sides of the water inlet cargo hold 33 No. 3 are respectively provided with a ballast water tank 24 No. 4 and a ballast water tank 25 No. 5.

The two sides of the ship body close to the end where the axe-shaped head 13 is positioned are respectively provided with a No. 1 hydrofoil 111 and a No. 2 hydrofoil 112, and the two sides of the ship body close to the end where the round tip 12 is positioned are respectively provided with a No. 3 hydrofoil 113 and a No. 4 hydrofoil 114; the bottom of the ship body near the end of the axe-shaped head 13 is provided with a No. 1 full-rotation pod propeller 91 and a No. 2 full-rotation pod propeller 92, and the bottom of the ship body near the end of the round tip 12 is provided with a No. 3 full-rotation pod propeller 93 and a No. 4 full-rotation pod propeller 94.

The hull casing 1 is provided with a No.1 rudder cabin 41, a No.2 rudder cabin 42, a No.3 rudder cabin 43 and a No. 4 rudder cabin 44 at corresponding positions of the No.1 hydrofoil 111, the No.2 hydrofoil 112, the No.3 hydrofoil 113 and the No. 4 hydrofoil 114.

The electric propulsion device is a full-circle pod propeller 9 (full-circle pod propeller No.1, full-circle pod propeller No. 2, full-circle pod propeller No. 92, full-circle pod propeller No. 3, full-circle pod propeller No. 93, full-circle pod propeller No. 4, 94); the communication navigation and radar device is arranged on the communication navigation tower 10; the final adjustment of the aircraft mode depends on the hydrofoils 11 (hydrofoils 111, 112, 113, 114) below the hull water.

An embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 5.

In particular, a sealed cargo tank may be placed in the water-accessible cargo compartment 3.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 5a, the vehicle floats on the water surface when in a fully loaded unpowered state.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 5B, the diesel generator in the nacelle 5 generates electric energy to drive the full-rotation nacelle propeller 9 to generate thrust when the water is on voyage; further, the axe-shaped head 13 of the hull casing 1 sails forward, which is beneficial to reducing wave making resistance of the hull. Further, since the dedicated ballast water tank 2 is in a light load state, no ballast water is injected into the water-inflow cargo tank 3, and thus the draft of the hull 1 of the aircraft is small. Further, the hydrofoil 11 below the waterline is now facing upwards on the more arched side and downwards on the flatter side. Further, as the craft progresses, the lift generated by the hydrofoils 11 is upward, and the craft hull is less draft. Further, the hull has a smaller wet surface area in contact with the water and the viscous drag of the vehicle when sailing on the water is also smaller.

Specifically, if the aircraft knows that the planned route has a high sea condition or ice condition and needs to navigate underwater according to the satellite meteorological images or the self detection equipment, the aircraft can perform mode switching.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 5C, the round tip 12 and the axe-shaped head 13 of the hull casing 1 of the aircraft can mutually turn, and the diesel generator set in the nacelle 5 stops working. Further, the fuel cell in the energy storage device compartment 7 is operated by extracting liquid oxygen and high pressure combustible gas from the high pressure gas compartment 8 to power the full swing pod propulsion 9. Further, the special ballast water tank 2 is filled with water to be heavy-load, and the water-intaking cargo tank 3 can deepen the draft of the aircraft according to the filled ballast water. Further, steering movements in the rudder trunk 4 cause the hydrofoils 11 to flip through an angle, but generally keep the hydrofoils 11 more camber down and more flatness up. Further, as shown in fig. 5D, when the aircraft is sailed with the rounded tip 12 as the bow, the lift generated by the underwater hydrofoil 11 is downward. Further, the craft is slid into the water for underway.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the underwater attitude of the aircraft can be changed by adjusting the states of the bow-stern ballast tanks (the special ballast tank 21, the special ballast tank 26, and the special ballast tank 1) so that the gravity center and the floating center of the aircraft are relatively changed. Further, if the center of buoyancy of the vehicle is forward relative to the center of gravity and the buoyancy of the vehicle as a whole is greater than the gravity and the downward lift generated by the hydrofoils 11, the vehicle glides up. Further, if the center of buoyancy of the vehicle is rearward relative to the center of gravity and the buoyancy of the vehicle as a whole is less than the sum of gravity and the downward lift generated by the hydrofoils 11, the vehicle glides. Further, the gliding floating and submerging mode can enable the aircraft to advance underwater with little energy consumption.

Specifically, when the compressed gas of the aircraft is exhausted as shown in fig. 6, the aircraft can float out of the water surface in the water area with no shielding on the surface layer and better sea conditions and then pump in the gas for compression, or a diesel generator is used for charging a battery so as to be used for the next underwater diving.

In particular, if the aircraft loses power under water, the downward lift generated by the hydrofoil 11 decreases or even becomes 0. Further, the water displacement of the aircraft in the water is slightly larger than the gravity of the aircraft, so that the aircraft can float up by itself to wait for rescue.

The invention discloses a bimodal unmanned transportation aircraft, which comprises an aircraft appearance, a cargo hold, a ballast water tank, a cabin 5, a water surface, an underwater navigation mode, a navigation mode switching mode and the like; the unmanned transportation vehicle realizes the balance of water surface navigation and underwater diving through the water inlet and outlet of the ballast water tank and the cargo hold and the direction change of the hydrofoil 11. The invention solves the problems that the existing aircraft cannot simultaneously take the water surface and the underwater into consideration for normal transportation navigation and energy saving. Particularly, the underwater diving can be carried out under the regional ocean ice sealing condition and the severe sea condition, and the transportation risk of the aircraft is reduced.

Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a bimodulus unmanned transportation vehicle, its characterized in that includes hull shell (1), hull shell (1) both ends are axe-shaped head (13) and round tip (12) that are used for adapting to surface of water and hydrodynamic characteristics under water respectively, hull shell (1) all are equipped with hydrofoil (11) that can overturn in bilge portion head and tail both sides, adjustable hydrofoil (11) direction utilization its downward lift of production is in order to slide into in the water, hull shell (1) inside is equipped with special ballast water cabin (2) and/or can intake cargo hold (3) that can pass through water injection and drainage in order to adjust the draught, hull shell (1) bottom is equipped with full gyration nacelle propeller (9).

2. A bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the hydrofoils (11) are provided with arches and planes; the hydrofoil (11) has an upward arch surface and a downward plane when in a water surface mode, and generates upward lifting force when the aircraft advances, so that the draft becomes shallow, and the viscous resistance is reduced; the hydrofoil (11) faces downwards in an underwater mode, faces upwards in a plane, and generates downward lifting force when the aircraft advances.

3. A bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the hull casing (1) is provided with the dedicated ballast tanks (2) at positions close to the axe-shaped head (13) and the round tip (12), and the dedicated ballast tanks (2) are adjustable in the relative positions of the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity to adjust the trim attitude.

4. A bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the water-enterable cargo compartment (3) is insertable into a sealed cargo compartment.

5. A bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a nacelle (5) is provided in the hull casing (1), and a diesel generator is provided in the nacelle (5) which generates electrical energy to drive the full-swing pod propeller (9) to generate thrust.

6. A bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the axe-shaped head (13) is provided at its end with a high pressure gas tank (8) for supplying liquid oxygen and high pressure combustible gas to a diesel generator in the nacelle (5).

7. A bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the hatchet (13) is provided with a communication navigation tower (10) at the top of the end where it is located.

8. A bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the number of water-intaking cargo tanks (3) is 3, arranged along the length of the hull.

9. A bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the two sides of the water-permeable cargo hold (3) close to the axe-shaped head (13) are provided with fuel storage tanks (6), and the middle of the other dedicated ballast water tanks (2) is provided with the water-permeable cargo hold (3).

10. A bimodal unmanned transportation vehicle according to claim 2, wherein each hydrofoil (11) is provided with a rudder nacelle (4) in correspondence.