CN118280188A - Dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system and assembling, adjusting and positioning method thereof - Google Patents
Dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system and assembling, adjusting and positioning method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of interference imaging instruments, in particular to a dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system and an assembling, adjusting and positioning method thereof. Comprising the following steps: the system comprises a point light source simulation unit, a beam splitting prism, an off-axis parabolic lens group, a light beam adjusting unit and a light beam combining unit; the light beam emitted from the point light source simulation unit passes through the beam splitting prism and is split into two light beams, and the two light beams are incident to the off-axis parabolic mirror group; the off-axis parabolic mirror group comprises two off-axis parabolic mirrors, and the off-axis parabolic mirrors are axisymmetrically arranged at two sides of the beam splitting prism and are used for collimating two light rays emitted from the beam splitting prism into parallel light and then incident to the light beam adjusting unit; the light beam is subjected to light path conversion by the light beam adjusting unit, and then is converged to a camera plane after passing through the light beam combining unit. The advantages are that: the system has few optical devices and simple light path, and can be used for equivalently controlling the difficulty of the relative pose errors among all sub-apertures when the base line length is 1m order.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of interference imaging instruments, in particular to a dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system and an assembling, adjusting and positioning method thereof.
Background
In order to break through the limitation of the traditional telescope in terms of system caliber, astronomists put forward a sparse aperture imaging technology based on an interference imaging principle, namely, a plurality of small aperture optical systems distributed according to a certain array shape are utilized to be equivalent to one large aperture optical system, so that high-resolution imaging is realized. Interference imaging requires extremely high co-phase errors, typically less than one tenth of the observed wavelength, typically on the order of tens of nanometers, and therefore precision positioning of the optical system and co-phase correction have a critical impact on imaging resolution.
From the mechanical precision positioning perspective, the longer the baseline length of the system, the more difficult the error control of the relative pose between the sub-apertures, and the more difficult the interference condition of each sub-beam of the sparse aperture imaging system will be to meet. The baseline length of sparse aperture imaging experiments carried out by related scholars at home is generally within 200mm, and if a scheme of equivalent sub-aperture of a mask plate is adopted, the baseline length is generally shorter and is within 50 mm; the prior art is disclosed in the documents such as the optical sparse aperture imaging system key problem research, the synthetic aperture optical imaging system research and the like. Therefore, a set of optical system capable of controlling the relative pose errors among all sub-apertures when the equivalent baseline length is in the order of 1m is developed, and the method has important significance for developing a precise positioning method of the optical system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system and an assembling, adjusting and positioning method thereof for solving the problems.
The first object of the present invention is to provide a dual aperture interferometric imaging experiment system, comprising: the system comprises a point light source simulation unit, a beam splitting prism, an off-axis parabolic lens group, a light beam adjusting unit and a light beam combining unit;
The light beam emitted from the point light source simulation unit passes through the beam splitting prism and is split into two light beams, and the two light beams are incident to the off-axis parabolic mirror group;
the off-axis parabolic mirror group comprises two off-axis parabolic mirrors, and the off-axis parabolic mirrors are axisymmetrically arranged at two sides of the beam splitting prism and are used for collimating two light rays emitted from the beam splitting prism into parallel light and then incident to the light beam adjusting unit;
the light beam is subjected to light path conversion by the light beam adjusting unit, and then is converged to a camera plane after passing through the light beam combining unit.
Preferably, the curvature radius of the off-axis parabolic mirror is 1.4-1.6 m, and the absolute distance between the two off-axis parabolic mirrors is not less than 1m.
Preferably, the off-axis parabolic mirror group further comprises an aperture diaphragm, and the aperture diaphragm is arranged in front of the off-axis parabolic mirror.
Preferably, the two mirror surfaces of the beam splitting prism are plane mirrors, and the beam splitting ratio is 1:1; the distance between the beam splitting prism and the point light source simulation unit along the optical axis direction is 140-160 mm.
Preferably, the light beam adjusting unit comprises two plane reflecting mirrors, and the included angle between the plane reflecting mirrors is the same as the vertex angle of the beam splitting prism.
Preferably, the beam combining unit comprises an aspherical lens for reducing spherical aberration upon focusing of the beam.
Preferably, filters with different passing rates are arranged at the point light source simulation unit, and the light beams emitted from the point light source simulation unit are filtered by the filters and then enter the beam splitting prism.
Preferably, the point light source simulation unit emits spherical waves; the curvature radius of the off-axis parabolic mirror is 1.5m; the distance between the beam splitting prism and the point light source simulation unit along the optical axis direction is 150mm.
The second object of the present invention is to provide an assembling and positioning method for a dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system, which is used for assembling and adjusting the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system, and includes the following steps:
S1, coarse mechanical adjustment: according to the theoretical positions of all optical devices in the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system, performing pose calibration on all the optical devices through a space relative distance and relative angle measuring instrument;
s2, coarse adjustment by a star point method: qualitatively evaluating aberration of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system by observing the shape and light intensity distribution of light spots before, on and after an ideal focus of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system;
S3, optical fine tuning: setting up a test light path, and detecting aberration of an optical device in front of a light beam combination unit by using a dynamic laser interferometer;
s4, detecting and correcting a common phase error: and detecting the common phase error of the optical system by using a focal plane detection method, and correcting the common phase error to realize the precise positioning of the system.
Preferably, the specific method for constructing the test light path in step S3 includes: and replacing the point light source simulation unit with a dynamic laser interferometer, and replacing the light beam combination unit with a plane reflecting mirror.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system has few optical devices and simple light path, can control the relative pose errors among all sub-apertures when the equivalent baseline length is 1m order of magnitude, and is convenient for researching the precise positioning method of the system when the demonstration verification experiment is carried out later.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a point light source simulation of a dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of qualitatively evaluating aberrations of an optical system using star point method observation of spot shape provided in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; (A) no aberration; (B) spherical aberration; (C) coma; (D) astigmatism.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of test optical path setup according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates imaging results of a dual aperture interferometric imaging experiment system with different fill factors according to an embodiment of the present invention (A) fill factor 0.0408; (B) a fill factor 0.0987; (C) a fill factor 0.1488; (D) fill factor 0.1893.
Reference numerals:
1. A point light source; 2. a light filter; 3. a beam-splitting prism; 4. off-axis parabolic mirrors; 5. an aperture stop; 6. a planar mirror; 7. an aspherical lens; 8. a camera; 9. a dynamic laser interferometer;
101. And (5) a precise pinhole.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, like modules are denoted by like reference numerals. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system, which comprises: the system comprises a point light source simulation unit, a beam splitting prism, an off-axis parabolic lens group, a light beam adjusting unit and a light beam combining unit;
The light beam emitted from the point light source simulation unit is divided into two light beams by the beam splitting prism, and the two light beams are incident to the off-axis parabolic lens group;
the off-axis parabolic mirror group comprises two off-axis parabolic mirrors, and the off-axis parabolic mirrors are axisymmetrically arranged at two sides of the beam splitting prism and are used for collimating two light rays emitted from the beam splitting prism into parallel light and then incident to the light beam adjusting unit;
the light beam is converted into light path by the light beam adjusting unit, and then converged to the camera plane after passing through the light beam combining unit.
Preferably, the point light source simulation unit emits spherical waves; in a specific embodiment, the point light source simulation unit comprises a helium-neon laser, a microscope objective, a spatial filter and a precision pinhole, wherein the helium-neon laser emits helium-neon laser with wavelength lambda=632.8 nm.
Preferably, neutral density filters with different passing rates are arranged at the point light source simulation unit, and light beams emitted by the point light source simulation unit are filtered by the neutral density filters and then are incident to the beam splitting prism.
Preferably, the two mirror surfaces of the beam-splitting prism are plane mirrors, and the beam-splitting ratio is 1:1; the distance between the beam splitting prism and the point light source simulation unit along the optical axis direction is 150mm; in a specific embodiment, the apex angle of the beam-splitting prism is 90 °, and each mirror surface has a size of 70mm by 70mm.
Preferably, the curvature radius of the off-axis parabolic mirror is 1.4-1.6 m, and the absolute distance between two off-axis parabolic mirrors is not less than 1m; in a specific embodiment, the radius of curvature of the off-axis parabolic mirrors is 1.5m, and the absolute distance between two off-axis parabolic mirrors is 1.2m; the cone coefficient of the off-axis parabolic mirror is-1, the effective caliber is 70mm, and the aperture eccentricity is 105mm.
Preferably, the off-axis parabolic mirror group further comprises an aperture diaphragm, and the aperture diaphragm is arranged in front of the off-axis parabolic mirror.
Preferably, the light beam adjusting unit comprises two circular plane reflectors, and the included angle between the two circular plane reflectors is the same as the vertex angle of the beam splitting prism; in a specific embodiment, the aperture of each individual planar mirror is 100mm.
Preferably, the beam adjusting unit is an integral reflecting mirror, has the same structure as the beam splitting prism, and is axisymmetrically arranged with the beam splitting prism.
The beam combination unit adopts an aspheric lens for reducing spherical aberration when the beam is focused; in a specific embodiment, the rear intercept of the aspherical lens is 800mm, the conic coefficient is-2.2954, the radius of curvature is 412.07mm, and the effective caliber is 150mm.
The invention also provides an assembling, adjusting and positioning method of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system, which comprises the following steps:
S1, coarse mechanical adjustment: according to the theoretical position of each optical device in the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system, carrying out pose calibration on each optical device through a space relative distance and relative angle measuring instrument;
S2, coarse adjustment by a star point method: the aberration of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system is qualitatively evaluated by observing the shape and the light intensity distribution of light spots before, on and after an ideal focal point of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system;
S3, optical fine tuning: setting up a test light path, and detecting aberration of each optical device in front of the light beam combination unit by using a dynamic laser interferometer;
S4, detecting and correcting a common phase error: and detecting the common phase error of the optical system by using a focal plane detection method, and correcting the common phase error to realize the precise positioning of the system.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a dual aperture interference imaging experimental system, including: the light source comprises a point light source 1, a light filter 2, a beam splitting prism 3, an off-axis parabolic lens group, a light beam adjusting unit and a light beam combining unit;
The point light source 1 is provided with optical filters 2 with different passing rates, the point light source 1 emits ideal spherical waves, and the ideal spherical waves are filtered by the optical filters 2 and then are incident to the beam splitting prism 3; the beam is split into a left beam and a right beam through a beam splitting prism 3; the optical filter 2 adopts a neutral density optical filter; the distance between the beam splitting prism 3 and the point light source 1 along the optical axis direction is 150mm; the two mirror surfaces of the beam-splitting prism 3 are plane mirrors, the beam-splitting ratio is 1:1, the vertex angle is 90 degrees, and the size of each mirror surface is 70mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the simulation of the ideal point light source 1 is realized by matching a helium-neon laser, a microscope objective, a spatial filter and a precision pinhole 101, and the wavelength λ=632.8 nm of helium-neon laser emitted by the helium-neon laser.
The off-axis parabolic mirror group comprises two off-axis parabolic mirrors 4, which are axisymmetrically arranged at two sides of the beam splitting prism 3 and are used for collimating two light rays emitted from the beam splitting prism 3 into parallel light and then entering the light beam adjusting unit; the off-axis parabolic mirror group is of a bilateral symmetry two-path optical structure and is used as two sub-apertures of a double-aperture interference imaging experimental system. The curvature radius of the off-axis parabolic mirror is 1.5m, and the absolute distance between two off-axis parabolic mirrors is 1.2m; the cone coefficient of the off-axis parabolic mirror is-1, the effective caliber is 70mm, and the aperture eccentricity is 105mm. The two off-axis parabolic mirrors can collimate two spherical waves into parallel light and locate at the position of half of the curvature radius of the two off-axis parabolic mirrors, which plays a decisive role in the success or failure of interference imaging.
The light beam adjusting unit comprises two circular plane reflecting mirrors 6, and the included angle between the two plane reflecting mirrors 6 is the same as the vertex angle of the beam splitting prism 3; the aperture of each individual planar mirror 6 is 100mm.
The beam combination unit adopts an aspheric lens 7 for reducing spherical aberration when the beam is focused; the rear intercept of the aspherical lens 7 was 800mm, the conic coefficient was-2.2954, the radius of curvature was 412.07mm, and the effective caliber was 150mm.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the beam adjusting unit in the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system is an integral reflector, and has the same structure as the beam splitting prism and is axisymmetrically arranged with the beam splitting prism; the rest of the structure is the same as in embodiment 1.
Example 3
The invention also provides an assembling, adjusting and positioning method of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system, which comprises the following steps:
S1, coarse mechanical adjustment: according to the theoretical position of each optical device in the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system, carrying out pose calibration on each optical device through a space relative distance and relative angle measuring instrument;
S2, coarse adjustment by a star point method: as shown in fig. 3, the aberration of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system is qualitatively evaluated by observing the light spot shape and light intensity distribution before, on and after the ideal focal point of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system;
S3, optical fine tuning: setting up a test light path, and detecting aberration of each optical device in front of the light beam combination unit by using a dynamic laser interferometer; as shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, a point light source simulation unit in a dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system is replaced with a dynamic laser interferometer, an aspherical lens is replaced with a plane mirror, and an optical filter, an aperture diaphragm and a camera in a system optical path are removed; the dynamic laser interferometer adopts the polarized light interference principle, can convert the time domain phase shift of the traditional phase shift interferometer into the space domain phase shift, adopts the phase-related charge coupled device (Charge Coupled Device, CCD) technology, and can realize full-resolution measurement by utilizing one CCD frame frequency, thereby effectively overcoming the external interference, avoiding the adverse effect of factors such as environmental vibration, air flow disturbance and the like on the test, and finally realizing the efficient and accurate test of the surface type of the optical part and the wavefront of the optical system.
S4, detecting and correcting a common phase error: and detecting the common phase error of the optical system by using a focal plane detection method. In this embodiment, two imaging pictures at unknown defocus amounts are obtained by adjusting the position of the aspherical lens along the optical axis, and using this as input, the translational error and the two defocus amounts present in the system are identified using an improved phase difference algorithm.
After four-stage precise positioning, the imaging result of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system of the embodiment is shown in fig. 5 when different filling factors are used: (a) a fill factor of 0.0408; (B) a fill factor 0.0987; (C) a fill factor 0.1488; (D) fill factor 0.1893.
It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present disclosure may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, provided that the desired results of the technical solutions of the present disclosure are achieved, and are not limited herein.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The dual aperture interference imaging experimental system is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a point light source simulation unit, a beam splitting prism, an off-axis parabolic lens group, a light beam adjusting unit and a light beam combining unit;
The light beam emitted from the point light source simulation unit passes through the beam splitting prism and is split into two light beams, and the two light beams are incident to the off-axis parabolic mirror group;
the off-axis parabolic mirror group comprises two off-axis parabolic mirrors, and the off-axis parabolic mirrors are axisymmetrically arranged at two sides of the beam splitting prism and are used for collimating two light rays emitted from the beam splitting prism into parallel light and then incident to the light beam adjusting unit;
the light beam is subjected to light path conversion by the light beam adjusting unit, and then is converged to a camera plane after passing through the light beam combining unit.
2. The dual aperture interferometry imaging experiment system of claim 1, wherein: the curvature radius of the off-axis parabolic mirror is 1.4-1.6 m, and the absolute distance between the two off-axis parabolic mirrors is not less than 1m.
3. The dual aperture interferometry imaging experiment system of claim 2, wherein: the off-axis parabolic mirror group further comprises an aperture diaphragm, and the aperture diaphragm is arranged in front of the off-axis parabolic mirror.
4. A dual aperture interferometry imaging experiment system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the two mirror surfaces of the beam splitting prism are plane mirrors, and the beam splitting ratio is 1:1; the distance between the beam splitting prism and the point light source simulation unit along the optical axis direction is 140-160 mm.
5. The dual aperture interferometry imaging experiment system of claim 4, wherein: the light beam adjusting unit comprises two plane reflecting mirrors, and the included angle between the plane reflecting mirrors is the same as the vertex angle of the beam splitting prism.
6. The dual aperture interferometry imaging experiment system of claim 5, wherein: the beam combining unit includes an aspherical lens for reducing spherical aberration when the beam is focused.
7. The dual aperture interferometry imaging experiment system of claim 6, wherein: and optical filters with different passing rates are arranged at the point light source simulation units, and light beams emitted from the point light source simulation units are filtered by the optical filters and then are incident to the beam splitting prism.
8. The dual aperture interferometry imaging experiment system of claim 7, wherein: the point light source simulation unit emits spherical waves; the curvature radius of the off-axis parabolic mirror is 1.5m; the distance between the beam splitting prism and the point light source simulation unit along the optical axis direction is 150mm.
9. A method for installing, adjusting and positioning a dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system, which is used for installing and adjusting the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, coarse mechanical adjustment: according to the theoretical positions of all optical devices in the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system, performing pose calibration on all the optical devices through a space relative distance and relative angle measuring instrument;
s2, coarse adjustment by a star point method: qualitatively evaluating aberration of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system by observing the shape and light intensity distribution of light spots before, on and after an ideal focus of the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system;
S3, optical fine tuning: setting up a test light path, and detecting aberration of an optical device in front of a light beam combination unit by using a dynamic laser interferometer;
s4, detecting and correcting a common phase error: and detecting the common phase error of the optical system by using a focal plane detection method, and correcting the common phase error to realize the precise positioning of the system.
10. The method for assembling, adjusting and positioning the dual-aperture interference imaging experimental system according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific method for constructing the test light path in the step S3 includes: and replacing the point light source simulation unit with a dynamic laser interferometer, and replacing the light beam combination unit with a plane reflecting mirror.
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