CN118266628A - Method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves and application - Google Patents
Method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN118266628A CN118266628A CN202410698112.2A CN202410698112A CN118266628A CN 118266628 A CN118266628 A CN 118266628A CN 202410698112 A CN202410698112 A CN 202410698112A CN 118266628 A CN118266628 A CN 118266628A
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- tobacco leaves
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- cigar
- cigar tobacco
- fermenting
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XVULBTBTFGYVRC-HHUCQEJWSA-N sclareol Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CC[C@](O)(C)C=C)[C@](C)(O)CC[C@H]21 XVULBTBTFGYVRC-HHUCQEJWSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012084 conversion product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XVULBTBTFGYVRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Episclareol Natural products CC1(C)CCCC2(C)C(CCC(O)(C)C=C)C(C)(O)CCC21 XVULBTBTFGYVRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LAEIZWJAQRGPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manoyloxid Natural products CC1(C)CCCC2(C)C3CC=C(C)OC3(C)CCC21 LAEIZWJAQRGPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LHORCXXUZJAMPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7,11-trimethyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclotetradecane Chemical compound CC(C)C1CCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CC1 LHORCXXUZJAMPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229930001594 cembrane Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- PSQYTAPXSHCGMF-BQYQJAHWSA-N β-ionone Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C PSQYTAPXSHCGMF-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SFEOKXHPFMOVRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-(S)-gamma-ionone Natural products CC(=O)C=CC1C(=C)CCCC1(C)C SFEOKXHPFMOVRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YKVWPZJHENXDAJ-VOTSOKGWSA-N Megastigmatrienone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1\C=C\C=C YKVWPZJHENXDAJ-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POIARNZEYGURDG-FNORWQNLSA-N beta-damascenone Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)C1=C(C)C=CCC1(C)C POIARNZEYGURDG-FNORWQNLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CCCXGQLQJHWTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N geranyl linalool Natural products CC(=CCCC(=CCCCC(C)(O)CCC=C(C)C)C)C CCCXGQLQJHWTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IQDXAJNQKSIPGB-HQSZAHFGSA-N geranyllinalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CCC(C)(O)C=C IQDXAJNQKSIPGB-HQSZAHFGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930007850 β-damascenone Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- LTUMRKDLVGQMJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N famesylacetone Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=O LTUMRKDLVGQMJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LTUMRKDLVGQMJU-IUBLYSDUSA-N farnesyl acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CCC(C)=O LTUMRKDLVGQMJU-IUBLYSDUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 26
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWIPUXXIFQQMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-3-(4-cyanophenyl)propanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 KWIPUXXIFQQMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-heptanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCC(O)=O OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010005094 Advanced Glycation End Products Proteins 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001729 Ammonium fumarate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000233874 Cuphea platycentra Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIDGCIPAMWNKOA-WOJBJXKFSA-N Neophytadiene Natural products [C@H](CCC[C@@H](CCCC(C)C)C)(CCCC(C=C)=C)C NIDGCIPAMWNKOA-WOJBJXKFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940090948 ammonium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019297 ammonium fumarate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CKKXWJDFFQPBQL-SEPHDYHBSA-N azane;(e)-but-2-enedioic acid Chemical compound N.N.OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O CKKXWJDFFQPBQL-SEPHDYHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBLWYVAEJYQTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;3-phenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PBLWYVAEJYQTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGPGDYLVALNKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;azane;2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NGPGDYLVALNKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIDGCIPAMWNKOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N neophytadiene Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=C)C=C NIDGCIPAMWNKOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B9/00—Control of the moisture content of tobacco products, e.g. cigars, cigarettes, pipe tobacco
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cigar tobacco homogenizing fermentation aroma producing method and application, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, primarily conditioning the dried cigar tobacco leaves, spraying a malic acid solution with the pH value of 7-7.5 into the primarily conditioned cigar tobacco leaves, and standing for balancing to obtain conditioning tobacco leaves; s2, wrapping the moisture regained tobacco leaves with gauze, and then fermenting to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves with fragrance; the malic acid is added to carry out moisture regain and fermentation on cigar tobacco leaves, so that the aroma content of the cigar tobacco leaves after fermentation is improved, the chromaticity of the tobacco leaves after fermentation and the homogenization degree of the aroma content are improved, and the amounts of carotenoid conversion products, cembrane degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products and sclareol aroma substances are remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco agriculture, in particular to a cigar tobacco homogenizing fermentation aroma production method and application.
Background
The fermentation preparation process of cigar tobacco leaves is a process which is characterized in that under certain temperature and humidity conditions, the physical and chemical properties of tobacco leaves are promoted to be deeply changed, the proportion of main chemical components of sugar, nitrogen and alkali of the tobacco leaves is coordinated, and degradation and decomposition of internal organic substances into aroma substances such as carotenoid degradation products, chlorophyll degradation products, maillard reaction products, siban degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products and the like are promoted, so that the aroma and the smoking quality of the tobacco leaves are obviously improved.
The nutritional agent can promote the flavoring of tobacco leaves in the cigar tobacco fermentation process. The existing nutritional agents comprise ammonium strawberry or ammonium benzoate, ammonium acetate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium cinnamate, ammonium fumarate, ammonium isooctanoate, citric acid and the like, but the effect of improving the content of specific aroma substances of cigar tobacco leaves is not obvious, and the specific aroma substances comprise carotenoid conversion products, cembrane degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products and sclareol.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a solution to increase the content of specific aroma substances after fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides a method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves and application thereof, which are used for solving the problem of how to improve the content of specific aroma substances in cigar tobacco leaves.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:
S1, primarily conditioning the dried cigar tobacco leaves, spraying a malic acid solution with the pH value of 7-7.5 into the primarily conditioned cigar tobacco leaves, and standing for balancing to obtain conditioning tobacco leaves;
s2, wrapping the moisture regained tobacco leaves with gauze, and then fermenting to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves with fragrance.
Preferably, the moisture content of the cigar tobacco leaves after primary conditioning is 20-22%.
Preferably, the moisture content of the moisture regained tobacco leaves is 30-35%.
Preferably, the conditions of fermentation are: the relative humidity is 75-85%, the fermentation temperature is 37-39 ℃, and the fermentation time is 3-14 days.
Preferably, the mass concentration of malic acid in the moisture regained tobacco leaves is 1-5g/kg.
Preferably, the malic acid solution is prepared by the following steps: adding ammonia water into malic acid, and adjusting pH to 7-7.5.
Preferably, the number of layers of gauze is 8-10.
In a second aspect, the application provides an application of a cigar tobacco homogenizing fermentation aroma production method for improving aroma substance content in cigar tobacco.
Preferably, the aroma substance comprises one or more of carotenoid conversion products, cembrane degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products, sclareol.
Preferably, the carotenoid conversion product comprises one or more of farnesyl acetone, damascenone, megastigmatrienone, geranyl linalool, and beta-ionone.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
The application carries out moisture regaining and fermentation on cigar tobacco leaves by adding malic acid, thereby greatly improving the quantity of carotenoid conversion products, cembrane degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products and sclareol fragrant substances;
the invention has the advantages of simpler and definite material supplementing components, easily purchased raw materials, low cost, high operation controllability, suitability for cigar tobacco fermentation production and the like;
The invention improves the homogenization degree of the chromaticity and the aroma content of the fermented tobacco leaves, wherein the homogenization refers to the uniformity of the quality of cigar tobacco leaves, and the uniformity of the quality of cigar tobacco leaves comprises the uniformity of the chromaticity and the total aroma content.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The raw material description: the cigar tobacco leaves used in the examples and comparative examples of the present application were tobacco leaves in the middle of cigar plants planted in the Enshi cigar planting base of Hubei province, and the variety was Chu snow 14.
Example 1
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:
S1, primarily conditioning the dried cigar leaves to the water content of 20%, spraying a malic acid solution with the pH value of 7 adjusted by ammonia water into the primarily conditioned cigar leaves, and standing for balancing to obtain the conditioning tobacco leaves, wherein the mass concentration of the malic acid of the conditioning tobacco leaves is 1g/kg, and the water content of the conditioning tobacco leaves is 34%;
S2, wrapping the moisture regained tobacco leaves with 8 layers of gauze, placing the wrapped tobacco leaves in unsealed self-sealing bags, placing 2kg of moisture regained tobacco leaves in each self-sealing bag, placing the tobacco leaves in a constant temperature and humidity incubator, and fermenting at the relative humidity of 80% and the temperature of 37 ℃ for 6 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves producing fragrance.
Example 2
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:
s1, primarily conditioning the dried cigar leaves to the water content of 20%, spraying a malic acid solution with the pH value of 7 adjusted by ammonia water into the primarily conditioned cigar leaves, and standing for balancing to obtain the conditioning tobacco leaves, wherein the mass concentration of the malic acid of the conditioning tobacco leaves is 2g/kg, and the water content of the conditioning tobacco leaves is 34%;
S2, wrapping the moisture regained tobacco leaves with 8 layers of gauze, placing the wrapped tobacco leaves in unsealed self-sealing bags, placing 2kg of moisture regained tobacco leaves in each self-sealing bag, placing the tobacco leaves in a constant temperature and humidity incubator, and fermenting at the relative humidity of 80% and the temperature of 37 ℃ for 6 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves producing fragrance.
Example 3
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:
s1, primarily conditioning the dried cigar leaves to water content of 20%, spraying malic acid solution with pH value of 7 adjusted by ammonia water into the primarily conditioned cigar leaves, and standing for balancing to obtain conditioning tobacco leaves, wherein the mass concentration of the malic acid in the conditioning tobacco leaves is 3g/kg, and the water content of the conditioning tobacco leaves is 34%;
S2, wrapping the moisture regained tobacco leaves with 8 layers of gauze, placing the wrapped tobacco leaves in unsealed self-sealing bags, placing 2kg of moisture regained tobacco leaves in each self-sealing bag, placing the tobacco leaves in a constant temperature and humidity incubator, and fermenting at the relative humidity of 80% and the temperature of 37 ℃ for 6 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves producing fragrance.
Example 4
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:
s1, primarily conditioning the dried cigar leaves to water content of 20%, spraying malic acid solution with pH value of 7 adjusted by ammonia water into the primarily conditioned cigar leaves, and standing for balancing to obtain conditioning tobacco leaves, wherein the mass concentration of the malic acid in the conditioning tobacco leaves is 4g/kg, and the water content of the conditioning tobacco leaves is 34%;
S2, wrapping the moisture regained tobacco leaves with 8 layers of gauze, placing the wrapped tobacco leaves in unsealed self-sealing bags, placing 2kg of moisture regained tobacco leaves in each self-sealing bag, placing the tobacco leaves in a constant temperature and humidity incubator, and fermenting at the relative humidity of 80% and the temperature of 37 ℃ for 6 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves producing fragrance.
Example 5
A cigar tobacco homogenizing fermentation aroma production method is the same as in example 1 except that the mass concentration of malic acid in the tobacco leaves is 5g/kg.
Example 6
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves:
(1) Tobacco leaf moisture regain
And (3) conditioning the dried cigar tobacco leaves to the water content of 20-22%, weighing a certain amount of water to be used as moisture-conditioning water, spraying the moisture-conditioning water and turning the tobacco leaves. Standing to balance the moisture in the tobacco leaf (water content 34%).
(2) Tobacco fermentation
The cigar tobacco leaf fermentation adopts 100 kg box type fermentation, and the temperature of a fermentation room is 30 ℃ and the humidity is 80%.
Box type fermented tobacco stacking mode: the fermentation tank had a length of 120 cm, a width of 80: 80 cm, a height of 80: 80 cm, and a bottom of 10: 10 cm. The tobacco leaves are piled layer by layer with the stems outwards, and cotton cloth and a box cover are put on the upper layer of piled tobacco leaves.
Box fermentation period: and placing a temperature sensor in the tobacco leaf reactor core, and observing temperature change in the fermentation process. When the temperature of the pile is raised to the maximum value, slowly lowering the temperature to a certain temperature, and maintaining for about 1 day, turning the pile, and 1 fermentation period for about 8 days. The early-stage research determines that the tobacco leaf sample of the 3 rd turning and stacking cigar has the highest aroma content, so that the fermentation is finished after the 3 rd turning and stacking.
Sampling in the fermentation process: sampling before and after tobacco fermentation (during the third pile turning).
The sampling method comprises the following steps: the stacking body is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer according to a distance of 1/3, four sampling points are crossed at the position of each layer of plane with the diameter of 1/3, the reactor core is one sampling point, five sampling points are all used, and cigar tobacco leaves 1 Kg are randomly extracted respectively. The sample before fermentation and the 3 rd turning sample of the natural fermentation group are respectively obtained, and each sample consists of tobacco leaves taken by 15 sampling points (3 layers in the upper part, 3 layers in the lower part and 5 sampling points in each layer).
(3) Sample colorimetric value detection
And detecting the sample by using a color difference meter. The measured colorimetry metrics mainly include a lightness value (L), a redness-greenness value (a, positive representing redness, negative representing greenness), and a yellow-blue value (b, positive representing yellowness, negative representing blueness). 3 representative leaves (3 layers in the middle and lower layers, 5 sampling points in each layer, 3 tobacco leaves in each sampling point and 45 representative leaves without damage and disease spots are taken as test objects to be measured, 5 points are selected from the leaf tip, the symmetry in the leaf and the leaf base of each tobacco leaf symmetrically, and veins are avoided during point selection, so that measurement is performed. The colorimetric values are represented by means of.+ -. Standard deviation of the measured data of the above 225 tobacco leaf measuring points.
(4) Sample treatment and aroma substance content detection
Each sample consists of tobacco leaves taken by 15 sampling points, the samples of the 15 sampling points are uniformly sampled by 100 g respectively, the samples are crushed by a crusher after being dried, and the samples after being sieved by a 40-mesh sieve are stored in a sealing way at 4 ℃. Accurately weighing 10 g pieces of ground tobacco powder, and measuring the content of tobacco aroma substances by adopting Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction (SDE) -gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The specific operation is as follows: 10 g of the tobacco foam sample is placed in a 1000 mL round bottom flask of a simultaneous distillation and extraction device (SDE), naCl is added to form saturated saline solution, 60 mL methylene dichloride is placed in another 100 mL round bottom flask, and then the two round bottom flasks are respectively connected to two sides of the SDE device; heating an organic phase (methylene dichloride) by using a 55 ℃ water bath, heating an aqueous phase by using a 160 ℃ oil bath, starting timing when liquid in a distillation extraction tube flows back to flasks at two sides, collecting a test solution obtained after simultaneous distillation extraction after 2h, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate for water removal, and concentrating under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator to 1-2 mL to obtain a concentrated solution. And (3) filtering the concentrated solution, and respectively measuring the content of the aroma substances by adopting a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sample aroma content is expressed as mean ± standard deviation of the measured data of the 15 sample points.
GC-MS measurement conditions: chromatographic column: HP-5MS capillary column (30 m X0.25 mm,0.25 μm); the temperature programming of the chromatographic column is kept at 40 ℃ for 2 min, the chromatographic column is heated to 200 ℃ at 2 ℃/min for 5min, and then heated to 280 ℃ at 10 ℃/min; carrier gas (He) flow rate: 1 mL/min; sample injection amount: 1. mu L; split ratio: 10:1. an electron bombardment ion source; electron energy 70 eV; transmission line temperature: 250 ℃; ion source temperature: 230 ℃; the mass scanning range m/z is 35-550. Peak identification of the compound of interest is based on the national institute of standards and technology database (NIST 14). Removing main vein of tobacco leaves, drying, pulverizing, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, extracting aroma components by using a simultaneous distillation extraction device, and analyzing the aroma components by using GC-MS.
At the end of the pilot fermentation, the tobacco leaf brightness value of example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 34±1.9; example 6 (natural fermentation, control)) tobacco leaves have a red-green value of 12±0.85; example 6 (natural fermentation, control) tobacco Huang Lanzhi was 18±1.6.
After sample treatment, the aroma content was measured by simultaneous distillation-gas chromatography, the aroma content before fermentation was 256.84. Mu.g/g, and the aroma content in example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 762. Mu.g.+ -. 128.67.
Example 7
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves:
(1) Tobacco leaf moisture regain
Dissolving malic acid in warm water, and regulating pH to 7-7.5 with ammonia water to obtain moistureproof water. And (3) conditioning the dried cigar tobacco leaves until the water content is 20-22% and the malic acid content is 3 g/kg. And weighing a certain amount of water to be used as the moistureproof water, spraying the moistureproof water and turning the tobacco leaves. Standing to balance the moisture in the tobacco leaf (water content 34%).
(2) Tobacco fermentation
The cigar tobacco leaf fermentation adopts 100 kg box type fermentation, and the temperature of a fermentation room is 30 ℃ and the humidity is 80%.
Box type fermented tobacco stacking mode: the fermentation tank had a length of 120 cm, a width of 80: 80 cm, a height of 80: 80 cm, and a bottom of 10: 10 cm. The tobacco leaves are piled layer by layer with the stems outwards, and cotton cloth and a box cover are put on the upper layer of piled tobacco leaves.
Box fermentation period: and placing a temperature sensor in the tobacco leaf reactor core, and observing temperature change in the fermentation process. When the temperature of the pile is raised to the maximum value, slowly lowering the temperature to a certain temperature, and maintaining for about 1 day, turning the pile, and 1 fermentation period for about 8 days. The early-stage research determines that the tobacco leaf sample of the 3 rd turning and stacking cigar has the highest aroma content, so that the fermentation is finished after the 3 rd turning and stacking.
Sampling in the fermentation process: sampling before and after tobacco fermentation (during the third pile turning).
The sampling method comprises the following steps: the stacking body is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer according to a distance of 1/3, four sampling points are crossed at the position of each layer of plane with the diameter of 1/3, the reactor core is one sampling point, five sampling points are all used, and cigar tobacco leaves 1 Kg are randomly extracted respectively. The sample before fermentation and the 3 rd pile turning sample of the malic acid group are respectively, and each sample consists of tobacco leaves taken by 15 sampling points (3 layers in the upper part, 3 layers in the lower part and 5 sampling points in each layer).
(3) Sample colorimetric value detection
And detecting the sample by using a color difference meter. The measured colorimetry metrics mainly include a lightness value (L), a redness-greenness value (a, positive representing redness, negative representing greenness), and a yellow-blue value (b, positive representing yellowness, negative representing blueness). 3 representative leaves (3 layers in the middle and lower layers, 5 sampling points in each layer, 3 tobacco leaves in each sampling point and 45 representative leaves without damage and disease spots are taken as test objects to be measured, 5 points are selected from the leaf tip, the symmetry in the leaf and the leaf base of each tobacco leaf symmetrically, and veins are avoided during point selection, so that measurement is performed. The colorimetric values are represented by means of.+ -. Standard deviation of the measured data of the above 225 tobacco leaf measuring points.
(4) Sample treatment and aroma substance content detection
Each sample consists of tobacco leaves taken by 15 sampling points, the samples of the 15 sampling points are uniformly sampled by 100 g respectively, the samples are crushed by a crusher after being dried, and the samples after being sieved by a 40-mesh sieve are stored in a sealing way at 4 ℃. Accurately weighing 10 g pieces of ground tobacco powder, and measuring the content of tobacco aroma substances by adopting Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction (SDE) -gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The specific operation is as follows: 10 g of the tobacco foam sample is placed in a 1000 mL round bottom flask of a simultaneous distillation and extraction device (SDE), naCl is added to form saturated saline solution, 60 mL methylene dichloride is placed in another 100 mL round bottom flask, and then the two round bottom flasks are respectively connected to two sides of the SDE device; heating an organic phase (methylene dichloride) by using a 55 ℃ water bath, heating an aqueous phase by using a 160 ℃ oil bath, starting timing when liquid in a distillation extraction tube flows back to flasks at two sides, collecting a test solution obtained after simultaneous distillation extraction after 2h, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate for water removal, and concentrating under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator to 1-2 mL to obtain a concentrated solution. And (3) filtering the concentrated solution, and respectively measuring the content of the aroma substances by adopting a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sample aroma content is expressed as mean ± standard deviation of the measured data of the 15 sample points.
GC-MS measurement conditions: chromatographic column: HP-5MS capillary column (30 m X0.25 mm,0.25 μm); the temperature programming of the chromatographic column is kept at 40 ℃ for 2 min, the chromatographic column is heated to 200 ℃ at 2 ℃/min for 5min, and then heated to 280 ℃ at 10 ℃/min; carrier gas (He) flow rate: 1 mL/min; sample injection amount: 1. mu L; split ratio: 10:1. an electron bombardment ion source; electron energy 70 eV; transmission line temperature: 250 ℃; ion source temperature: 230 ℃; the mass scanning range m/z is 35-550. Peak identification of the compound of interest is based on the national institute of standards and technology database (NIST 14). Removing main vein of tobacco leaves, drying, pulverizing, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, extracting aroma components by using a simultaneous distillation extraction device, and analyzing the aroma components by using GC-MS.
At the end of the pilot fermentation, the tobacco leaf brightness value for the malate group was 36.+ -. 1.5, while example 6 was 34.+ -. 1.9. Description: malic acid promotes the brightness of the tobacco leaves after fermentation, and the standard deviation of the tobacco leaves in the whole box is reduced by 21 percent. Namely: example 7 uniformity of tobacco brightness after fermentation was improved by 21%
The red-green value of the malate group was 12.+ -. 0.81, while example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 12.+ -. 0.85. Description: the redness of the tobacco leaves after fermentation is close, and the standard deviation of the tobacco leaves in the whole box is reduced by 5%. Namely: example 7 the uniformity of the redness of the tobacco leaves after fermentation was improved by 5%.
Tobacco Huang Lanzhi for the malate group was 20.+ -. 1.1, while example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 18.+ -. 1.6. Description: malic acid promotes the yellowness of the tobacco leaves after fermentation, and the standard deviation of the tobacco leaves in the whole box is reduced by 31%. Namely: example 7 the uniformity of the yellowness of the tobacco after fermentation was improved by 31%.
At the end of pilot fermentation, the aroma content was determined by simultaneous distillation-gas chromatography after sample treatment, and the total aroma content of the malic acid group (excluding neophytadiene) was 1488. Mu.g/g.+ -. 52.47, whereas example 6 (natural fermentation, control) was 762. Mu.g/g.+ -. 128.67. The malic acid promotes the total aroma of the tobacco leaves after fermentation, the aroma is obviously improved by 95%, and the standard deviation of the total aroma content of the tobacco leaves is reduced by 59%. Namely: example 7 the uniformity of the total amount of tobacco aroma after fermentation was improved by 59%.
The malic acid not only improves the aroma content of the cigar tobacco leaves after fermentation, but also has the following unexpected effects: the malic acid improves the homogenization degree of chromaticity and aroma content, achieves excellent technical effects, and provides a technical scheme for homogenizing cigar tobacco leaves in China.
Comparative example 1
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:
S1, primarily conditioning the dried cigar tobacco leaves to water content of 20%, adding pure water into the primarily conditioned cigar tobacco leaves, and standing for balancing to obtain conditioning tobacco leaves, wherein the water content of the conditioning tobacco leaves is 34%;
S2, wrapping the moisture regained tobacco leaves with 8 layers of gauze, placing the wrapped tobacco leaves in unsealed self-sealing bags, placing 2kg of moisture regained tobacco leaves in each self-sealing bag, placing the tobacco leaves in a constant temperature and humidity incubator, and fermenting at the relative humidity of 80% and the temperature of 37 ℃ for 6 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves producing fragrance.
Comparative example 2
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves, which is otherwise the same as in example 2, except that malic acid is replaced with citric acid.
Comparative example 3
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves, which is otherwise the same as in example 3, except that malic acid is replaced with citric acid.
Comparative example 4
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves, which is otherwise the same as in example 5, except that malic acid is replaced with citric acid.
Comparative example 5
A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:
S1, primarily conditioning the dried cigar leaves to water content of 20%, weighing the cigar leaves subjected to primary conditioning, dissolving the ammonia water with the same quality as that in the example 1 in conditioning water, adjusting the pH value to 7 by dilute hydrochloric acid, and standing for balancing to obtain the conditioning tobacco leaves, wherein the water content of the conditioning tobacco leaves is 34%;
S2, wrapping the moisture regained tobacco leaves with 8 layers of gauze, placing the wrapped tobacco leaves in unsealed self-sealing bags, placing 2kg of moisture regained tobacco leaves in each self-sealing bag, placing the tobacco leaves in a constant temperature and humidity incubator, and fermenting at the relative humidity of 80% and the temperature of 37 ℃ for 6 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves producing fragrance.
Testing and evaluation
The cigar tobacco leaves obtained in examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 were treated and tested for sclareol content, the method steps were as follows:
Uniformly sampling 100 g, drying, crushing by a crusher, and hermetically storing the sample after sieving by a 40-mesh sieve at 4 ℃. Accurately weighing 10 g pieces of ground tobacco powder, and measuring the concentration of sclareol in tobacco leaves by adopting Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction (SDE) -gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The specific operation is as follows: placing 10 g smoke sample into 1000 mL round bottom flask of simultaneous distillation and extraction device (SDE), adding NaCl to form saturated saline, placing 60 mL dichloromethane into another 100mL round bottom flask, and connecting two round bottom flasks on two sides of the SDE device respectively; heating an organic phase (methylene dichloride) by using a 55 ℃ water bath, heating an aqueous phase by using a 160 ℃ oil bath, starting timing when liquid in a distillation extraction tube flows back to flasks at two sides, collecting distillate obtained after simultaneous distillation and extraction after 2 h, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate for water removal, and concentrating under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator to 1-2 mL to obtain a concentrated solution. The content of sclareol is measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after the concentrated solution is filtered.
GC-MS measurement conditions: chromatographic column: HP-5MS capillary column (30 m X0.25 mm,0.25 μm); the temperature programming of the chromatographic column is kept at 40 ℃ for 2 min, the chromatographic column is heated to 200 ℃ at 2 ℃/min for 5 min, and then heated to 280 ℃ at 10 ℃/min; carrier gas (He) flow rate: 1 mL/min; sample injection amount: 1. mu L; split ratio: 10:1. an electron bombardment ion source; electron energy 70 eV; transmission line temperature: 250 ℃; ion source temperature: 230 ℃; the mass scanning range m/z is 35-550. Peak identification of the compound of interest is based on the national institute of standards and technology database (NIST 14).
The results of measuring sclareol content by simultaneous distillation-gas chromatography after sample treatment of examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 results of the sclareol content test for cigar tobacco leaves produced in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1
The cigar tobacco leaves producing fragrance in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4 were treated and the contents of carotenoid conversion products, cembrane degradation products and phenylalanine conversion products were detected, as follows:
uniformly sampling 100g, drying, crushing by a crusher, and hermetically storing the sample after sieving by a 40-mesh sieve at 4 ℃. Accurately weighing 10 g pieces of ground tobacco powder, and measuring the concentration of sclareol in tobacco leaves by adopting Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction (SDE) -gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The specific operation is as follows: placing 10 g smoke sample into 1000 mL round bottom flask of simultaneous distillation and extraction device (SDE), adding NaCl to form saturated saline, placing 60 mL dichloromethane into another 100mL round bottom flask, and connecting two round bottom flasks on two sides of the SDE device respectively; heating an organic phase (methylene dichloride) by using a 55 ℃ water bath, heating an aqueous phase by using a 160 ℃ oil bath, starting timing when liquid in a distillation extraction tube flows back to flasks at two sides, collecting distillate obtained after simultaneous distillation and extraction after 2h, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate for water removal, and concentrating under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator to 1-2 mL to obtain a concentrated solution. The aroma content of the concentrated solution is measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after filtration.
GC-MS measurement conditions: chromatographic column: HP-5MS capillary column (30 m X0.25 mm,0.25 μm); the temperature programming of the chromatographic column is kept at 40 ℃ for 2 min, the chromatographic column is heated to 200 ℃ at 2 ℃/min for 5 min, and then heated to 280 ℃ at 10 ℃/min; carrier gas (He) flow rate: 1 mL/min; sample injection amount: 1. mu L; split ratio: 10:1. an electron bombardment ion source; electron energy 70 eV; transmission line temperature: 250 ℃; ion source temperature: 230 ℃; the mass scanning range m/z is 35-550. Peak identification of the compound of interest is based on the national institute of standards and technology database (NIST 14).
The test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 detection of carotenoid conversion products, cembrane degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products content
The content distribution of carotenoids in the cigar tobacco leaves obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 is shown in Table 3, and the carotenoids include nicylacetone, damascenone, megastigmatrienone, geranyl linalool, and beta-ionone.
TABLE 3 carotenoid content distribution
The results show that the application can achieve better aroma increment effect by using a certain amount of malic acid, but can not achieve better aroma increment effect by using citric acid or using excessive malic acid, and meanwhile, table 2 also shows that the promoting effect of malic acid on the aroma production of cigar tobacco fermentation in the embodiment is not caused by ammonia water after pH adjustment is neutral.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, primarily conditioning the dried cigar tobacco leaves, spraying a malic acid solution with the pH value of 7-7.5 into the primarily conditioned cigar tobacco leaves, and standing for balancing to obtain conditioning tobacco leaves;
S2, wrapping the moisture regained tobacco leaves with gauze, and then fermenting to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves with fragrance.
2. The method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the cigar tobacco leaves after primary moisture regain is 20-22%.
3. The method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the moisture regained tobacco leaves is 30-35%.
4. The method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation conditions are as follows: the relative humidity is 75-85%, the fermentation temperature is 37-39 ℃, and the fermentation time is 3-14 days.
5. The method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of malic acid in the moisture regained tobacco leaves is 1-5g/kg.
6. The method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the malic acid solution comprises the following steps: adding ammonia water into malic acid, and adjusting pH to 7-7.5.
7. The method for producing aroma by homogenizing and fermenting cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the number of layers of gauze is 8-10.
8. Use of a method according to any one of claims 1-7 for aroma content in cigar tobacco leaves.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the aroma comprises one or more of carotenoid conversion products, cembrane degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products, sclareol.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the carotenoid conversion product comprises one or more of farnesyl acetone, damascenone, megastigmatrienone, geranyl linalool, β -ionone.
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