CN118237543A - Pouring system and pouring method for stably obtaining streamline defects of magnesium alloy castings - Google Patents

Pouring system and pouring method for stably obtaining streamline defects of magnesium alloy castings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118237543A
CN118237543A CN202410292664.3A CN202410292664A CN118237543A CN 118237543 A CN118237543 A CN 118237543A CN 202410292664 A CN202410292664 A CN 202410292664A CN 118237543 A CN118237543 A CN 118237543A
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alloy
streamline
pouring
flux
liquid
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CN202410292664.3A
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Inventor
刘军
刘洋
李奇
付海丰
金晓峰
冀慎伟
叶永权
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AECC Harbin Dongan Engine Co Ltd
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AECC Harbin Dongan Engine Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202410292664.3A priority Critical patent/CN118237543A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/082Sprues, pouring cups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of magnesium alloy casting defect control and research on the influence of defects on the metallurgical performance of castings, and relates to a pouring system and a pouring method for stably obtaining streamline defects of magnesium alloy castings. The sprue setting is changed to be small by the pouring system for generating streamline, so that the alloy liquid flow speed is stable, and the overquick speed is avoided; and the inner pouring gate is additionally arranged at the thick and large part, meanwhile, the inner pouring gate is additionally arranged at the thin wall part, and the thin wall part is provided with the small inner pouring gate, so that the position is solidified first, and the thick and large part is provided with the wider inner pouring gate, so that the alloy liquid flow is large. And the solidification characteristic of the thin-wall position is continuously flushed in the filling process, so that the streamline defect is formed at the thin-wall position. The preparation of the streamline defects can effectively provide effective basic material guarantee for the development of the streamline defects, and provide raw material support for the research of the influence of the performances such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and the like caused by the streamline. For further understanding of streamline defects and their resulting impact analysis. Thereby realizing the basis for defect yield in the casting process.

Description

Pouring system and pouring method for stably obtaining streamline defects of magnesium alloy castings
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnesium alloy casting defect control and research on the influence of defects on the metallurgical performance of castings, and relates to a pouring system and a pouring method for stably obtaining streamline defects of magnesium alloy castings.
Background
The streamline defect is one of the defects of magnesium alloy castings in casting factories, and appears as dark diffusion lines on X-ray films. The streamline defect has a certain influence on the mechanical property of the casting, and the streamline defect causes the anisotropy of the casting, so that the stress of the casting is uneven, the fatigue strength is reduced, and the service life of the casting is reduced.
Streamline defects are not ubiquitous on magnesium alloy castings and are not known to be adequate as they occur infrequently on magnesium alloy castings. The streamlines are created because such segregation occurs when one portion of the casting is filled with liquid and its leading edge has solidified before meeting with the liquid from another portion. Then, the solid front is partially melted; otherwise the discontinuity would be a cold stop. Solidification is started after remelting, the initial crystallization purity is high, and alloy elements with high X-ray density are less than the average value of alloy liquid. The alloy composition at the front of the solidification front is poor because the metal is still flowing through the crystals. How to stably obtain the streamline defects is very important to research the influence of the streamline defects on the performance of the magnesium alloy castings.
The design of the magnesium alloy casting pouring system for obtaining the streamline defect is well known, and the method has great significance for avoiding the streamline generation as far as possible when designing the magnesium alloy casting pouring system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention focuses on describing a design method of a pouring system for stably obtaining streamline defects of magnesium alloy castings.
Object of the Invention
The design of the streamline defect pouring system of the magnesium alloy casting is obtained by research and stabilization, and enough test samples can be obtained by researching the influence of the streamline defect on the metallurgical quality of the magnesium alloy casting. Meanwhile, the design of a magnesium alloy casting pouring system with streamline defects is well known, and the method has great significance in avoiding streamline generation as far as possible when designing the magnesium alloy casting pouring system.
Technical proposal
The pouring system for stably obtaining the streamline defect of the magnesium alloy casting changes the arrangement of a sprue into a small one, so that the flow rate of alloy liquid is stable, and the excessive speed is avoided; and the inner pouring gate is additionally arranged at the thick and large part, meanwhile, the inner pouring gate is additionally arranged at the thin wall part, and the thin wall part is provided with the small inner pouring gate, so that the small inner pouring gate is firstly solidified, and the thick and large part is provided with the wider inner pouring gate, so that the alloy liquid flow is large. And the solidification characteristic of the thin-wall position is continuously flushed in the filling process, so that the streamline defect is formed at the thin-wall position.
Further, since a part of the streamline defect needs to be solidified preferentially, the defect position is set at a thin-wall position, and a small in-gate needs to be set nearby to provide the filling.
Furthermore, the inner pouring gate is arranged on the other side of the thin-wall characteristic, the size of the pouring gate is larger than that of the pouring gate near the defect, the pouring gate has strong filling capacity, the full confluence with the first solidification side of the defect is ensured, and the cold insulation defect is avoided, so that the streamline defect is formed.
A pouring method of a pouring system for stably obtaining streamline defects of magnesium alloy castings comprises the steps of pouring flux from a pouring nozzle and a wide opening, and shaking off residual flux on the wall of a pouring ladle and the bottom of the pouring ladle, wherein the bottom of the pouring ladle faces upwards during walking. The bottom of the casting ladle is used for pushing away the flux layer on the surface of the alloy, the casting ladle is stably immersed into the alloy liquid, and the wide mouth of the casting ladle is used for scooping the alloy liquid, so that the alloy liquid does not enter the casting ladle. Taking out the casting ladle, allowing the flux to flow off from the wall of the casting ladle, and pouring 2% -3% of alloy liquid from the ladle nozzle to remove the flux in the casting nozzle. Two successive ladles of alloy are allowed to scoop in the same crucible, but no flux is allowed to spread during the two scoops of alloy.
Further, after scooping a ladle of the alloy liquid, if the flux is spread on the liquid surface, the ladle should be left for 2 to 3 minutes and then scooped up continuously.
Further, after scooping a ladle of alloy liquid, the liquid surface has a part with burning and bare liquid, and RJ-2 flux should be sprinkled.
After the casting ladle is moved to the casting mould, 2% -3% of alloy liquid is poured out from the casting nozzle to the preheated ingot mould.
Further, the pouring nozzle is close to the edge of the pouring cup, alloy liquid is injected into the casting mould stably, uniformly and uninterruptedly, vortex cannot be generated in the pouring cup, and the pouring nozzle is always kept in a full state, so that impurities are prevented from entering the casting mould. Direct impingement of the flow on the sprue is to be avoided.
Further, the method for preparing the alloy liquid comprises the following steps:
ZM-6 alloy smelting is carried out in a resistance crucible furnace or a gas furnace, the temperature is measured by adopting a 0.5-level electronic potentiometer, and the temperature of a hearth is controlled by using a 1.5-level millivoltmeter.
Further, the cleaned crucible is electrified and heated for more than 1h (to dark red), about (400-500) DEGC (which can be measured by an electronic thermometer), and RJ-2 flux accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the total weight of the furnace burden is scattered at the bottom and in the wall of the crucible. Adding magnesium ingot and returning furnace charge, sprinkling RJ-2 flux accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the total weight of the furnace charge, and heating to melt.
After the furnace burden is completely melted, heating to (740-760) DEG C, and adding sodium beryllium fluoride and RJ-2 flux 1 under stirring: 1. Adding a preheated zinc and magnesium neodymium intermediate alloy at the temperature of 740-760 ℃, stirring for 2-3 min along the crucible under the state of not damaging the liquid level, deslagging, and then sprinkling RJ-2 flux covering accounting for about 0.5-0.8% of the total weight of the furnace burden. When the alloy temperature is raised to 780-800 ℃, the preheated magnesium-zirconium intermediate alloy is added, stirred for 5-10 min along the crucible under the state of not damaging the liquid level, dirt on the liquid level of the alloy is removed, and RJ-2 flux accounting for about 0.5-0.8% of the total weight of the furnace burden is scattered. The level and crucible wall slag are removed and then covered with RJ-2 flux in an amount of about 0.5 to 0.8% by weight based on the total weight of the charge. Cooling the alloy liquid to (750-760) deg.C, immersing the alloy liquid into 2/3 of the depth of the alloy by stirring equipment, stirring for 10-15 min, and continuously sprinkling RJ-5 flux accounting for 1.5-2.5% of the total weight of the furnace burden on the crest of the liquid flow. After refining treatment, the alloy liquid surface and slag on the crucible wall are cleaned, and then (0.5-0.8)% of RJ-2 flux is scattered to cover the liquid surface. Heating the alloy liquid to 800-820 deg.c and letting stand for 20-30 min.
The alloy liquid prepared by the melting process has a good deslagging effect, avoids the influence of slag inclusion defects on the preparation of streamline defects, and effectively reduces the risk of burning in the magnesium alloy melting process.
Further, the mixture is added in an amount of about 0.1% by weight of the total weight of the charge.
Further, the stirring device comprises a stirring scoop or a stirrer.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
The operation according to the mode can effectively ensure that the product is stable and quick in the filling process. Ensuring complete filling and forming defects according to a plan.
1, The streamline defect sample can be stably obtained at low cost without equipment investment.
2, The site implementation is simple and convenient.
The invention comprises the design of a pouring system, and besides rapid molding sand molding, no additional consumption materials are needed.
4, The preparation of the streamline defect can effectively provide effective basic material guarantee for the development of the streamline defect, and provide raw material support for the research on the influence of the performances such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and the like caused by the streamline. For further understanding of streamline defects and their resulting impact analysis. Thereby realizing the basis for defect yield in the casting process.
5, The preparation of the streamline defects effectively explains the causes of the streamline defects, and has a guiding effect on streamline defect prevention in the production process, so that the purposes of improving the product qualification rate and reducing the repair rate are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a casting system for stably obtaining streamline defects of a magnesium alloy casting (when an alloy liquid just enters a sample cavity);
FIG. 2 is a physical diagram of a pouring system for stably acquiring streamline defects;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow path diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The following description is of some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Principle of stably obtaining streamline defects:
1, taking a lower value of a theoretical casting temperature of the casting during casting, for example, the casting temperature (760-780) DEG C of the ZM6 material casting, and 760 ℃ during casting the defect sample. Because the thick and large parts of the product are fewer, no chill is used for chilling in the design process of a pouring system, the lower limit of the common pouring temperature is adopted in the pouring process, the local overheating of the casting is avoided, the loose defect is generated, the preparation of streamline defects is influenced, and meanwhile, the low pouring temperature of the alloy liquid ensures that the solidification speed of the thin-wall position is increased, the thin-wall position is close to the small inner pouring gate part, and the thick and large part of the alloy liquid enters the thin-wall position after being solidified, so that the streamline defects are formed. 2 alloy liquid enters the sample through two pouring channels, and the confluence position of two alloy liquids entering the sample at different time is easy to generate streamline defects.
According to the invention, by designing a casting system, casting of the magnesium alloy is performed on site, a streamline defect test sample is stably obtained, and research on influence of subsequent streamline defects on the metallurgical quality of castings can be carried out.
1. The magnesium alloy casting pouring system generally adopts an open pouring system, and the pouring system generally comprises a pouring gate, a dead head and a chill, wherein the pouring gate is divided into a straight pouring gate, a transverse pouring gate and an inner pouring gate.
The sprue is connected with the pouring cup, alloy liquid is introduced into the pouring system in the pouring process, and is generally divided into a plurality of smaller sheet-shaped or round sprue, and the sectional area and the height of the sprue directly influence the pouring and filling speed.
The cross runner is connected with the straight runner, can be divided into a single-layer cross runner and a double-layer cross runner, has a simple single-layer cross runner framework and little alloy liquid consumption, and is mainly suitable for middle and small castings; the double-layer runner alloy liquid has good uniformity and good slag blocking effect, and is mainly used for large-scale complex castings. The transverse pouring gate plays the roles of stabilizing flow and blocking slag, and meanwhile, the tail end of the transverse pouring gate is usually more than 20mm away from the tail end of the final inner pouring gate, and a slag collecting ladle is arranged, so that the slag blocking capability is improved.
The ingate is connected with the runner and is directly connected with the casting, and under the condition of allowing, a larger number of ingates are placed as much as possible, so that overheating phenomenon of the ingates is avoided, the cross section of the ingate is generally of a flat structure, and the height difference is formed between the ingate and the runner, so that the cleaning of the ingate alloy liquid without slag inclusion is ensured.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A pouring system for stably obtaining streamline defects of magnesium alloy castings is characterized in that the pouring system for generating streamline changes the arrangement of a sprue into small so that the flow rate of alloy liquid is stable and is prevented from being too fast; adding an inner pouring gate at a thick and large part, adding an inner pouring gate at a thin wall part, and arranging a small inner pouring gate at the thin wall part, so that the small inner pouring gate is solidified first, and arranging a wider inner pouring gate at the thick and large part, so that the alloy liquid flow is large; and the solidification characteristic of the thin-wall position is continuously flushed in the filling process, so that the streamline defect is formed at the thin-wall position.
2. The casting system of claim 1, wherein the streamline defect is formed with a portion that solidifies preferentially, so that the defect location is located in a thin wall location and a smaller in-gate is located nearby to provide the mold filling.
3. The casting system according to claim 2, wherein an in-gate is arranged on the other side of the thin-wall feature, the size of the in-gate is larger than that of a gate near the defect, the in-gate has strong filling capability, and the in-gate is guaranteed to be fully converged with the solidification side of the defect, so that cold shut defects are avoided, and streamline defects are formed.
4. The casting method of the casting system according to claim 1, wherein the flux is poured out from the nozzle and the wide mouth, and residual flux on the ladle wall and the ladle bottom is shaken off, and the ladle bottom is directed upward while traveling; pushing away the flux layer on the alloy surface by using the bottom of the casting ladle, smoothly immersing the casting ladle into the alloy liquid, and scooping the alloy liquid by using the wide mouth of the casting ladle so as not to enable the alloy liquid to enter the casting ladle; taking out the casting ladle, allowing the flux to flow off from the wall of the casting ladle, pouring 2% -3% of alloy liquid from the ladle nozzle, and removing the flux in the ladle nozzle; two successive ladles of alloy are allowed to scoop in the same crucible, but no flux is allowed to spread during the two scoops of alloy.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein after scooping a ladle of alloy liquid, if flux is spread on the liquid surface, the scooping can be continued after 2 to 3 minutes of stay.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein after scooping a ladle of alloy liquid, the liquid surface, such as the portion of the burning and bare liquid, is sprinkled with RJ-2 flux.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein 2% to 3% of the alloy is poured from the nozzle into the preheated ingot mold after the ladle is moved to the mold.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the pouring nozzle is brought close to the edge of the pouring cup, alloy liquid is injected into the casting mold smoothly, uniformly and uninterruptedly, vortex cannot be generated in the pouring cup, and the pouring nozzle is always kept in a full state so as not to enter the casting mold by impurities; direct impingement of the flow on the sprue is to be avoided.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein the method of disposing the alloy liquid comprises the steps of:
ZM-6 alloy smelting is carried out in a resistance crucible furnace or a gas furnace, a 0.5-level electronic potentiometer is adopted for measuring the temperature, and a 1.5-level millivoltmeter is adopted for controlling the temperature of a hearth;
Electrifying and heating the cleaned crucible for more than 1h at the temperature of 400-500 ℃, and sprinkling RJ-2 flux accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the total weight of the furnace burden on the bottom and the wall of the crucible; adding magnesium ingot and returning furnace burden, sprinkling RJ-2 flux accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the total weight of the furnace burden, and heating to melt;
After the furnace burden is completely melted, heating to 740-760 ℃, and adding sodium beryllium fluoride and RJ-2 flux 1 under stirring: 1, a mixture of two or more of the above-mentioned materials; adding a preheated zinc and magnesium neodymium intermediate alloy at 740-760 ℃, stirring for 2-3 min along a crucible in a state of not damaging the liquid level, deslagging, and then sprinkling RJ-2 flux accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the total weight of the furnace burden for covering; when the alloy temperature is increased to 780-800 ℃, preheating magnesium-zirconium intermediate alloy, stirring for 5-10 min along a crucible in a state of not damaging the liquid surface, removing dirt on the liquid surface of the alloy, and scattering RJ-2 flux accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the total weight of the furnace burden; removing liquid level and crucible wall slag, and then sprinkling RJ-2 flux accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the total weight of the furnace burden to cover; cooling the alloy liquid to 750-760 ℃, immersing the alloy liquid into 2/3 of the depth of the alloy by using stirring equipment, stirring for 10-15 min, and continuously sprinkling RJ-5 flux accounting for 1.5-2.5% of the total weight of the furnace burden on the wave crest of the liquid flow; after refining treatment, cleaning slag on the surface of the alloy liquid and the crucible wall, and then sprinkling 0.5-0.8% of RJ-2 flux to cover the liquid level; heating the alloy liquid to 800-820 ℃, and standing for 20-30 min;
The alloy liquid prepared by the melting process has a good deslagging effect, avoids the influence of slag inclusion defects on the preparation of streamline defects, and effectively reduces the risk of burning in the magnesium alloy melting process.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the mixture is added in an amount of 0.1% by weight of the total weight of the charge and the stirring apparatus comprises a ladle or a stirrer.
CN202410292664.3A 2024-03-14 2024-03-14 Pouring system and pouring method for stably obtaining streamline defects of magnesium alloy castings Pending CN118237543A (en)

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CN202410292664.3A CN118237543A (en) 2024-03-14 2024-03-14 Pouring system and pouring method for stably obtaining streamline defects of magnesium alloy castings

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