CN118216267A - Intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device for seed tray of air vibration type precision planter and control method - Google Patents
Intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device for seed tray of air vibration type precision planter and control method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device of a seed tray of a gas vibration type precision planter and a control method, comprising a seed tray, a vibration exciter, a vibrating table bracket, a control device, a vibrating table leveling device, a seed leveling device and a seed adding device; the seed disk is fixed on the vibrating table bracket and is powered by the vibration exciter; the vibrating table leveling device is positioned at the bottom of the vibrating table bracket and is used for adjusting unbalance of the vibrating table; the seed adding device is positioned at one end of the seed tray, and seeds are conveyed into the seed tray through rotation of auger blades and a quantitative screening shaft in the seed bin; the seed leveling device is positioned at one side of the seed tray, and realizes up-and-down movement and horizontal movement of the seed leveling brush under the operation of the screw sliding tables in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so as to level seeds in the seed tray; the control device can control the frequency and amplitude of the vibration of the seed tray and the operations of the seed leveling device and the seed adding device. The invention can intermittently adjust vibration frequency and amplitude, and automatically seed leveling and adding for different seed thicknesses and different working times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural precision seeding, in particular to an intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device of a seed tray of a gas vibration precision seeding machine and a control method.
Background
Seeding is an important technical link in the agricultural production process, and a seeding seedling raising technology in a seedling raising and transplanting planting mode is a key link directly related to whether high quality, high yield and high efficiency can be realized in rice production. The seeding device is a main means for realizing the mechanical precision seeding technology, and the air suction vibration type precision seeding device can meet the special agricultural requirements of super hybrid rice seedling raising such as 2+/-1 grains/hole, high seedling yield, strong seedling and the like of super rice. In the current seed disk vibration process of the air-suction vibration type precision seeding device, due to the adoption of a mechanical vibration mode, the shaking of the bracket is severe and the vibration of the population is uneven in the working state. Meanwhile, the vibration damping springs have different degrees of distortion, the smaller the degree of the distortion of the springs is, the smaller the vibration intensity of the seed discs at the position is compared with that of the seed discs at other positions, and the group tends to gather in the direction in the vibration process. The aggregation degree of the population in the vibration process can be reduced through the correction springs, but obvious aggregation phenomenon still occurs after long-time vibration. On the other hand, the mechanical vibration table keeps vibrating all the time, and after long-time operation, the support shakes more violently, and the seeding qualification rate is reduced. At present, a mechanical vibrating table drives a crank connecting rod to move up and down by utilizing a motor to enable a seed tray to vibrate, the rotating speed of the motor can be changed to adjust the vibration frequency, and the vibration amplitude is determined by the structure of the crank connecting rod and cannot be adjusted in the vibration process. In order to achieve a better sowing effect, uniform vibration of the seed tray in the vibration process is particularly important. The uniformity of vibration has very big influence to the boiling motion of population, and then influences seedling sucking and operation effect of sprout cultivation machine, and electromagnetic vibration platform is the suction effect that utilizes the electric conductor to promote the mesa and vibrates from top to bottom, and its vibration is gentler than mechanical vibration platform, is favorable to the uniform vibration of population, and electromagnetic vibration platform accessible regulation electrical parameter changes the amplitude frequency of vibrating in-process simultaneously, is favorable to the design to reach the requirement of uniform vibration and practice thrift the energy consumption, reduce equipment wearing and tearing. When the seed sucking disc adsorbs seeds, the seeds in the seed sucking disc can gather towards the middle due to an air flow field, and the seed leveling device is beneficial to better adsorption of the seed sucking disc; the setting up of the adding device is helpful for realizing the whole-course automation of the seeder and freeing hands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device of a seed tray of a pneumatic vibration type precision planter and a control method thereof, in order to improve the seed sucking rate and the seeding effect of the pneumatic vibration tray type seedling planter and realize automatic seed adding. The electromagnetic vibration device, the seed leveling device and the seed adding device are mainly applied to an air vibration disc type seedling raising seeder.
The device comprises a seed tray, a vibration exciter, a vibrating table bracket, a control device capable of adjusting frequency and amplitude and a seed leveling and adding control device, a seed adding device, a seed leveling device, a motor and a vibrating table leveling device.
The vibration exciter can adjust the amplitude of the seed tray by 0-10 mm.
The seed tray intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device of the air vibration type precision seeder is positioned at one end of the seed tray and comprises a seed bin, an auger blade, a quantitative screening shaft, a bearing fixed end, a stepping motor, a bracket, a seed outlet positioned at the bottom of the seed bin, a photoelectric switch c and a photoelectric switch d on a vibration table, seeds are contained in the seed bin, and the auger blade is used for loosening the seeds in the seed bin when rotating so as to prevent accumulation; the surface of the quantitative screening shaft is provided with a groove, seeds in the groove are conveyed into the seed tray through a seed outlet when the quantitative screening shaft rotates, and the stepping motor is used for driving the auger blade and the quantitative screening shaft to rotate; the bracket is used for supporting the seed bin; the auger blade and the quantitative screening shaft are connected with the inner wall of the seed bin through a bearing fixed end.
The seed tray is located the shaking table support top, and spring bolt is equipped with at four angles of shaking table support, and seed tray and shaking table support pass through spring bolt to be fixed, spring bolt's structure is the outside for the middle bolt that is of spring, and the bolt plays vertical constraint effect, and the restriction seed tray can only vertical movement, through the spring bolt of the same specification in four corners, lightens seed tray range, plays the effect of damping.
The seed leveling device comprises a seed leveling brush, two groups of screw rod sliding tables, a bracket and a bearing fixed end; one group of screw rod sliding tables are arranged along the horizontal direction of one side of the seed disc, the other group of screw rod sliding tables are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the seed disc, the screw rod sliding tables in the horizontal direction are used for driving the sliding table sliding blocks in the horizontal direction to move horizontally, the screw rod sliding tables in the vertical direction are fixed on the sliding table sliding blocks in the horizontal direction, the bottom ends of the screw rod sliding tables in the vertical direction are fixedly provided with the sliding table sliding blocks in the vertical direction, one end of a seed leveling brush is fixed on the sliding table sliding blocks in the vertical direction, the other end of the seed leveling brush is positioned in the seed disc, and the seed leveling brush can move horizontally and vertically in the seed disc; the two groups of screw sliding tables are connected with a motor through a bearing fixed end, and the motor drives the two groups of screw sliding tables to move; the seed flattening device is supported by the bracket and positioned at one side of the seed tray.
The control device of the side edge of the vibrating table support comprises a signal generator plate, a power amplifier plate, a vibration sensor on the vibrating table, and a photoelectric switch a and a photoelectric switch b on the assembly line and the vibrating table support, wherein the frequency and the amplitude of the seed disc vibration can be manually and automatically controlled, the output power of the power amplifier is regulated, and vibration of the vibration exciter is realized. The photoelectric switch a, the photoelectric switch b and the vibration sensor are connected to the interface of the singlechip, and the singlechip serving as a signal generator, the power amplifier plate and the vibration exciter are connected in series through wires. The single chip microcomputer generates voltage signals with corresponding frequency and amplitude according to the received high-low level signals of the photoelectric switch a and the photoelectric switch b through programming, and controls the vibration exciter after the voltage signals are amplified by the power amplifier plate, so that the vibration exciter vibrates, and the vibration boiling of seeds in the seed tray is realized. The singlechip judges whether the amplitude and the frequency of the vibration sensor reach the expected values or not according to the amplitude and the frequency values of the vibration sensor, and the amplitude and the frequency of the signal are not automatically adjusted.
The single-chip microcomputer is used as a signal generator, the photoelectric switches a and b and the vibration sensor are combined, manual and automatic control of the vibration exciter can be achieved, when the switch is in automatic gear, the photoelectric switches a and b give high-low level signals to the single-chip microcomputer, the single-chip microcomputer generates voltage signals with corresponding frequencies according to different high-low levels of the received photoelectric switches a and b through programming, meanwhile, the amplitude of the voltage signals is adjusted according to programming, sinusoidal signals meeting requirements are generated, and the vibration exciter is controlled to vibrate through the sinusoidal signals. When the manual-automatic switch is in manual gear, the frequency and amplitude of the upper key and the lower key can be respectively modulated by the left key and the right key, and the single chip microcomputer generates voltage signals with corresponding frequency and amplitude according to programming to generate sine signals meeting the requirements. The type of the generated wave, the frequency and the amplitude of the wave are displayed on the liquid crystal display screen, so that the condition of the signal generated by the signal generator can be further known.
The power amplifier is controlled by utilizing a triode, the voltage is increased by utilizing a common-emission amplifying circuit, the current is increased by utilizing a common-collection amplifying circuit, and the amplified voltage and current are controlled by utilizing a sliding rheostat; when the automatic gear is in automatic gear, the sliding rheostat is in an ideal value and keeps still, and when a voltage signal given by the signal generator is transmitted, the voltage and the current are amplified to improve the output power to the vibration exciter, so that the vibration exciter vibrates; when the switch of the signal generator is in a manual gear and the output power of the power amplifier is insufficient, the sliding piece of the sliding rheostat can be moved to change the resistance value, amplify the voltage and the current, and change the output power so as to facilitate the vibration exciter to achieve a good vibration effect.
Each time the seed sucking disc adsorbs seeds in the seed sucking disc, the seeds in the seed sucking disc can be influenced by air current to gather in the middle, so that the seeds around are fewer, and the seed sucking effect is influenced. The photoelectric switch d arranged on the vibrating table counts an even number of times, namely, the seed sucking disc is started in a state of coming to the upper part of the vibrating table and leaving the vibrating table, and the motor of the seed leveling device is controlled by the control device to rotate so as to realize the rapid brushing of seeds back and forth along the length direction of the seed sucking disc; specifically, when the photoelectric switch d is turned on even times, the screw rod sliding table in the vertical direction can slide the sliding block within a short time of power on, so that the sliding block moves to a corresponding position. The sliding block of the screw rod sliding table in the horizontal direction moves back and forth once along the length of the seed disc in the horizontal direction, and the seed flat brush brushes back and forth once in the seed disc.
After the seed sucking disc adsorbs a certain number of times A, when the seed sucking disc needs to be added with seeds, after the photoelectric switches a and b are conducted A times, the seed adding device is started, the control device controls the motor of the seed adding device to operate, the quantitative screening shaft and the auger blade rotate, the quantitative screening shaft rotates for a fixed number of turns T, the seed leveling device is started at the moment, the motor corresponding to the screw rod sliding table is started, and the seed leveling brush levels seeds in the seed sucking disc.
Referring to fig. 13, when the seed leveling and adding control device is in a manual gear, the rotation speeds of the quantitative screening shaft and the auger blade of the seed adding device can be adjusted. The position of the flat brush of the flat device can be adjusted by manually controlling the two screw rod sliding tables. The control device can control the screw rod sliding table to control the movement path and the movement speed of the flat brush. When the seed leveling and adding control device is in an automatic gear, a photoelectric switch c arranged on the vibrating table receives signals that the seed sucking disc leaves the seed disc, namely, when the photoelectric switch is conducted for even times, the seed leveling device is started, the flat brush moves to an ideal position according to a program in the control device, and the flat brush is quickly leveled back and forth in the seed disc in a short time along the length direction of the seed disc at the speed of V Flat plate , so that the problem that the population distribution is uneven due to the seed sucking disc, and the air flow is solved, and the next seed sucking qualification rate of the seed sucking disc is ensured. After finishing seed leveling, the seed leveling brush returns to the initial position to wait for the next seed leveling, and meanwhile, the damage of the seed leveling device caused by the vibration of the vibration table and the smooth falling of the seeds of the seed adding device into the seed tray are avoided. After the seed sucking disc adsorbs a certain number of times A, the seed feeding is needed, the photoelectric switch d is conducted even times A, the quantitative screening shaft and the auger blade rotate at the speed V Adding according to the set program, the auger blade loosens seeds in the seed bin, the seeds are prevented from accumulating and cannot fall down, the seeds in the seed bin smoothly enter the grooves on the surface of the quantitative screening shaft, quantitative seed feeding is realized through rotation, after the quantitative screening shaft rotates for a fixed number of turns T, the seed feeding amount reaches a preset value, the quantitative screening shaft and the auger blade stop rotating, the seeds in the rotation process of the quantitative screening shaft slide into the seed feeding disc through an inclined 45-degree flat plate below the seed feeding device, the seed flattening device is started at the same time, the seed flattening brush moves to an ideal position, the seeds are flattened in the seed disc rapidly and back and forth at the speed V Flat plate in a short time along the length direction of the seed feeding disc, the seeds return to the initial position after the seed feeding is finished, and the next flattened seeds are waited.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can realize uniform vibration of the vibration seed tray in the vibration process and improve the uniformity of the population boiling effect.
2. The invention can realize the adjustment of the vibration frequency amplitude of the vibration seed disk, and can intermittently adjust different vibration frequency amplitudes for different seed thicknesses and different working times.
3. The invention can realize seed leveling of the seed leveling device by automatically running the seed leveling device after the seed sucking disc sucks seeds.
4. The invention can also realize automatic quantitative seed adding when the seed plate needs seed adding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the central air hole structure of the seed tray;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of bolts with springs and bearing fixed ends;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a center frame of a vibrating table support;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the vibration exciter;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the device position of the controller;
FIG. 7 is a schematic and assembled leveling structure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a seed leveling device;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seed adding device;
FIG. 10 is a circuit schematic of a power amplifier;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a controller composition;
FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a main program for controlling the frequency and amplitude modulation vibration of the seed disk;
FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a main program for controlling a seed leveling and adding device;
In the figure:
1 is a seed tray, 1a is a small hole for air field circulation;
2 is a spring bolt, 2a is a first bearing fixed end, and 2b is a spring;
3 is a vibration exciter, 3a is a vibration exciter table surface, 3b is a vibration exciter ejector rod, and 3c is a vibration exciter base;
4 is a vibrating table bracket; 4a is a vibrating table center support;
5 is a control device;
6 is a vibrating table leveling device;
7 is a screw rod sliding table, 7a is a sliding table motor, 7b is a sliding table screw rod, 7c is a sliding table sliding block, and 7d is a second bearing fixed end;
8 is a seed flattening brush;
9 is a seed adding device, 9a is a seed bin, 9b is a screw blade, 9c is a quantitative screening shaft, 9d is a third bearing fixed end, and 9e is a seed adding device bracket;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1,2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10 and 11, the device is a schematic diagram of the whole structure diagram and part of the mechanism parts of the intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device of the air vibration type precision planter. The electromagnetic vibration device comprises a seed plate 1, a vibration exciter 3, a vibration table bracket 4, a control device 5 capable of adjusting frequency and amplitude, a vibration table leveling device 6, a seed leveling device and a seed adding device 9. Four spring bolts 2 with the same specification are fixedly connected to four corners of the seed tray 1 and the vibrating table support 4, the springs 2b are arranged outside and inside, and the bolts play a role in vertical constraint in the middle of the springs 2 b; the top end of the exciter ejector rod 3b and the lower hollow cylinder of the exciter base 3c form a coaxial center, the exciter 3 and the exciter base 3c are welded together, the bottom of the exciter base 3c is fixedly connected with the vibrating table center support 4a of the vibrating table support 4 through bolts and nuts, and the exciter ejector rod 3b provides power for the reciprocating simple harmonic motion of the seed disc 1; the vibration table leveling device 6 is arranged at the bottom end of the vibration table support 4, a strip-shaped round hole is formed in the vibration table leveling device 6, the vibration table leveling device is fixed at the bottom of the vibration table support through a bolt and a nut penetrating through the strip-shaped round hole, and the vibration table leveling device is matched with a level gauge to adjust the position of the bolt and the nut in the strip-shaped round hole so as to overcome the defect that the vibration table is uneven due to uneven ground.
As shown in figure 2, the middle of the seed tray 1 is provided with air field circulation small holes 1a with the diameter of 2mm and the interval of 1cm, so that when the vibration is not ideal, the air field circulation small holes 1a are used for forming air flow field auxiliary seeds to achieve a boiling state.
As shown in fig. 3, the spring bolt 2 is composed of a bolt, a first bearing fixing end 2a and a spring 2 b. The axes of the two are on the same straight line, the periphery of the bolt is provided with a spring, and the central axes of the two are on the same line. The spring is pressed by the first bearing fixed end 2a, the effect of fixing the spring is achieved, the first bearing fixed end is fixedly welded at the bottom of the seed tray 1, the other end of the bolt is welded on the vibrating table support 4, the tail of the bolt is sleeved in the first bearing fixed end 2a, and the final effect is shown in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the vibration exciter 3 is fixed by bolts and nuts through a vibration exciter base 3c and a vibration table center support 4a arranged in the horizontal direction inside the vibration table support 4, the vibration exciter 3 is positioned below the center of the seed tray 1, and the distance between the upper surface of the vibration table center support 4a and the lower surface of the seed tray 1 in a stable state is equal to the original height of the vibration exciter 3. The table top 3a of the vibration exciter is propped against the bottom of the seed tray 1, so that the seed tray 1 vibrates, springs positioned at four corners of the bottom of the seed tray 1 play a role in supporting and damping simultaneously, four bolts restrict the seed tray to vibrate in the vertical direction in the sleeve, do not deviate, and reduce the influence of irregular vibration on the motion of the seed tray.
As shown in FIG. 6, the control device 5 is arranged on the right side of the vibrating table bracket 4, is convenient for adjusting and controlling the vibration, seed leveling and seed adding operation of the seed tray, and mainly comprises a singlechip serving as a signal generator and a power amplifier. The vibrating table bracket 4 and the assembly line are respectively provided with a photoelectric sensor a and a photoelectric sensor b.
As shown in fig. 7, the bolts pass through the strip-shaped round holes of the vibrating table leveling device 6 and the small round holes on the upright posts of the vibrating table support 4, and are screwed and fixed by nuts, if one of the four upright posts shakes due to uneven ground, the bolts can move in the strip-shaped round holes on the vibrating table leveling device 6, so that the corresponding upright posts are lengthened to achieve the effect of stable and non-shaking of the vibrating table, and the problem that the vibration of the seed tray 1 is not vertical due to the non-level of the vibrating table is indirectly solved. A level gauge is arranged above the control device for level detection.
As shown in fig. 8, the seed leveling device comprises two groups of screw rod sliding tables 7, one group is a horizontal screw rod sliding table, the horizontal screw rod sliding table is installed on a seed adding device support 9e through a horizontal support and is close to one side of a seed tray 1, a horizontal sliding table screw rod 7b is connected with the horizontal support through a second bearing fixed end 7d, a sliding table motor 7a rotates, the horizontal sliding table screw rod 7b is driven to rotate so as to drive a horizontal sliding table sliding block 7c to horizontally move along one side of the seed tray 1, the other group is a vertical screw rod sliding table which is vertically fixed on the horizontal sliding table sliding block 7c, a vertical sliding table sliding block 7c is fixed on the vertical screw rod sliding table, the vertical sliding table sliding block can be driven to move in the vertical direction, and the seed leveling brush 8 is fixed on the vertical sliding table sliding block along with the movement of the horizontal sliding table sliding block and the vertical sliding table sliding block, so that the two-dimensional movement of the seed leveling brush 8 in the horizontal and vertical directions is realized.
As shown in fig. 9, the seed adding device 9 includes a seed bin 9a, an auger blade 9b and a quantitative screening shaft 9c are disposed inside the seed bin 9a, the auger blade 9b is disposed on the upper portion of the seed bin 9a, the quantitative screening shaft 9c is disposed on the lower portion of the seed bin 9b, and the quantitative screening shaft 9c and the seed bin 9a are fixed through a third bearing fixing end 9d, the auger blade 9b plays a role in loosening seeds in the seed bin 9a, so that the seeds are prevented from being too thick, accumulation is caused, and falling of the seeds is unfavorable. The baffle is arranged below the auger blade 9b and is used for enabling seeds to fall into the grooves of the quantitative screening shaft 9c, the quality of the seeds can be stored in the grooves according to the number of the grooves, and the motor is controlled to drive the quantitative screening shaft 9c to rotate within fixed time, so that the quantitative seed adding effect is achieved.
As shown in fig. 10, when U i is not 0, in the input loop, a dynamic base current i b exists on the basis of the static circuit, a dynamic current i c is generated in the output loop correspondingly, and the collector resistor R c(R3) converts the change of the collector junction current into the change of the voltage, so that the tube voltage drop U ce changes, and the change of the tube voltage drop is the output dynamic voltage U 0, thereby realizing the amplification of the voltage. The dynamic voltage U 0 is added to the common-set amplifying circuit to replace U i in the common-set amplifying circuit, and is amplified by the Darlington circuit, so that the designed input resistance is large, the output resistance is small, and the effect of amplifying current only is achieved.
Equivalent the common-set amplifying circuit into a resistor, and the dynamic analysis theoretical amplification factor formula of the common-jet amplifying circuit is as follows:
RL'＝R3//{R5+[(1+β2)(1+β3)(1+β4)R6]}
Wherein RL' is the resistance of all parallel devices between RC and a load, R bb' is the base resistance of a triode, beta is the amplification factor of the triode, R e is the emitter resistance of a basic common-emission amplifying circuit, R be is the equivalent resistance of the emitter junction of the triode Q 1, I CQ is the emitter current of the basic common-emission amplifying circuit, U T is the temperature and voltage equivalent, and data are substituted into a formula, so that the theoretical amplification factor is very close to the actual amplification factor measured.
Wherein beta ' is the amplification factor, namely beta 2×β3×β4,Rb' is the collector resistance of the common-collector amplifying circuit, namely R 5,rbe is the equivalent resistance of the emitting junctions of the triodes Q2, Q3 and Q4, re ' is the value of the resistor R 6+RL, R b′+rbe is far smaller than (1+beta ') R e′, A u2 is about 1, namely U 0'≈Ui',U0' is the output voltage of the common-collector amplifying circuit, and U i' is the input voltage of the common-collector amplifying circuit, so that the amplification factor of the common-collector amplifying circuit is about 1.
I b' is the base current of the common-set amplifying circuit, I e' is the emitter current of the common-set amplifying circuit
In the power amplification circuit, the current amplified last is related to the internal resistance of the load, if the frequency is increased, the impedance of the vibration exciter is increased, the current is slightly decreased, and conversely, the current is slightly increased.
As shown in fig. 11, a control device 5 is installed on the side of the vibration table support 4, and comprises a signal generator plate, a power amplifier plate, a vibration sensor on the vibration table, and a photoelectric switch a and a photoelectric switch b on the assembly line and the vibration table support, so that the frequency and the amplitude of vibration of the seed tray 1 can be manually and automatically controlled, the output power of the power amplifier is adjusted, and the vibration of the vibration table is realized. The photoelectric switches a and b are connected with the vibration sensor on the interface of the singlechip, and the singlechip serving as a signal generator, the power amplifier and the vibration exciter are connected in series through wires to provide a voltage signal for the vibration exciter. The single chip microcomputer forms a signal generator according to the programming of the received high-low level signal generating circuit to generate voltage signals with corresponding frequency and amplitude, and the voltage signals are amplified by the power amplifier plate to control the vibration exciter so that the vibration exciter vibrates. The singlechip judges whether the amplitude and the frequency of the vibration sensor reach the expected values or not according to the amplitude and the frequency values of the vibration sensor, and the amplitude and the frequency of the signal are not automatically adjusted.
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the signal generator is manufactured by using a singlechip, and the manual and automatic control of the vibration exciter can be realized by combining the photoelectric switches a and b and the vibration sensor, when the switches are in automatic gear, the photoelectric switches a and b give high and low level signals to the singlechip, and the singlechip generates voltage signals with corresponding frequencies according to the voltage signals generated by different generating circuits for receiving the high and low levels of the photoelectric switches a and b by programming, and simultaneously, generates sine signals meeting the requirements according to the amplitude of the voltage signals by programming. When the manual-automatic switch is in manual gear, the frequency and amplitude of the upper key and the lower key can be respectively modulated by the left key and the right key, and the single chip microcomputer generates voltage signals with corresponding frequency and amplitude according to programming to generate sine signals meeting the requirements. The type of the generated wave, the frequency and the amplitude of the wave are displayed on the liquid crystal, so that the condition of the signal generated by the signal generator can be further known. The power amplifier is controlled by utilizing a plurality of triodes, the voltage is increased by utilizing a common-emission amplifying circuit, the current is increased by utilizing a common-collection amplifying circuit, and the amplified voltage and current are controlled by utilizing a sliding rheostat. When the switch is in automatic gear, the slide rheostat is at ideal value and keeps still. When the voltage signal given by the signal generator is transmitted, the voltage and the current are amplified to improve the output power to the vibration exciter, so that the vibration exciter vibrates. When the switch of the signal generator is in a manual gear, the output power of the power amplifier is not enough, the resistance value can be changed by moving the sliding sheet of the sliding rheostat, the voltage and the current are amplified, and the output power is changed so that the vibration exciter can achieve good vibration effect. the switch of the signal generator is in an automatic gear, so that intermittent automatic amplitude modulation and frequency modulation can be realized. The work is initialized, the singlechip generates sine signals with low frequency and low amplitude by energy-saving parameters a (mm), b (Hz), the vibration exciter 3 is vibrated in an energy-saving state through the power amplifier, the seed sucking disc is positioned above the assembly line seedling raising disc, the photoelectric switch a detects the shielding of the seed sucking disc, the singlechip generates signals unchanged, when the seed sucking disc leaves the assembly line, the photoelectric switch a receives signals for the seed sucking disc to leave, the photoelectric switch a prepares the singlechip low-level signals in advance, the singlechip gradually increases voltage signals at the speed of 2v/s and 2Hz frequency according to programming, amplifies voltage and current through the power amplifier, and improves output power for the vibration exciter, Before the seed sucking disc reaches the upper part of the vibrating table, the vibration parameters A (mm), B (Hz) of the vibration are increased to ideal parameters, the vibration sensor gives the vibration parameters of the vibrating table to the singlechip, the expected value is not reached, and the singlechip increases the amplitude and the frequency of the signal. When the seed sucking disc reaches the upper part of the seed sucking disc to suck seeds, the photoelectric switch b detects that the shielding of the seed sucking disc is at a high level, the single chip microcomputer generates a signal unchanged, a voltage signal with ideal frequency and amplitude is kept, the power output of the power amplifier is kept, the vibration exciter is kept at ideal vibration parameters, seeds in the seed sucking disc are uniformly vibrated, the seed sucking disc is convenient to adsorb, and the seed sucking effect of the seed sucking disc is improved. When the seed sucking disc finishes sucking seeds and leaves the vibrating table, the photoelectric switch b receives a signal that the seed sucking disc leaves and gives a low-level signal to the singlechip, the singlechip receives the low-level signal of the photoelectric switch b according to programming, the singlechip gradually increases a small voltage signal at the speed of 2v/s and 2Hz according to programming, and the voltage and the current are amplified by the power amplifier, so that the output power is reduced to an exciter, and the exciter is reduced to energy-saving parameters a (mm) and b (Hz), so that the effects of not influencing the work of the seed sucking disc and saving energy are achieved, and the service life is prolonged. When the seed sucking disc reaches the upper part of the production line seedling raising disc, the photoelectric switch a detects the shielding of the seed sucking disc, a high-level signal is given to the singlechip, the singlechip generates a signal unchanged, and the vibration exciter is in an ideal energy-saving state through the power amplifier, so that the service life of the vibrating table is prolonged. When the switch is in manual gear, the frequency and amplitude of the signal generator can be adjusted to achieve the desired ideal parameters, the signal is transmitted to the power amplifier to amplify the voltage and current, the ideal power is output to the vibration exciter, the vibration table can continuously vibrate in an ideal mode, if the output power is required to be improved, the sliding sheet of the sliding rheostat of the power amplifier can be adjusted, the resistance is adjusted, and the amplified voltage and current are changed to improve the output power. The vibration sensor gives vibration parameters of the vibration exciter to the singlechip, the expected value is not reached, and the amplitude and the frequency of the signal can be increased through the key.
The quantitative screening shaft 9c of the seed adding device has 8 grooves in total, each groove can store seeds with certain mass, and the mass m of the seeds stored by the quantitative screening shaft 9c at a time is calculated as follows:
V Total (S) ＝8V Concave recess
m＝v Total (S) ρ(1-γ)
Wherein V Concave recess - -seed storage volume, mm 3
L Outer part - -quantitative screening of the outer edge length of the shaft, mm
L Inner part - -quantitative screening of the length of the inner edge of the shaft, mm
Θ Clip - -included angle of grooves,
Gamma-porosity of seed.
1Kg of seeds need to be automatically added to the seed tray 1 at intervals of time, the thickness of 1kg of seeds in the seed tray is set to be h, the size of the seed tray is 760mm multiplied by 400mm, and the mass of the seeds to be added is m Is required to , and the calculation method is as follows:
m Is required to ＝760×10-3×400×10-3×1219×h×10-3×0.775≈0.29h
The quantitative screening shaft 9c needs to be rotated for a short period of time for a number of turns t, i.e
According to the times of the short-time fixed quantity screening shaft 9c needing to rotate, a motor and a speed reducer are configured to meet the corresponding rotating speed requirement.
The height of the seed leveling brush 8 in the seed leveling device can be adjusted at will according to the thickness of the population in the seed tray, so that the population in the seed tray is uniformly distributed, and the phenomenon that the population gathers towards the middle due to an air field when the seed tray reaches the upper part of the seed tray and the seed sucking rate of the seed tray is reduced due to the fact that the periphery is free of seeds is avoided.
The speed of the sliding table sliding block 7c on the screw rod sliding table of the seed leveling device is V Sliding device , L Seed species is the length of the seed disk, and T is the time required for leveling the seed
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent manners or modifications that do not depart from the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The intermittent vibration, seed leveling and seed adding device for the seed tray of the air vibration type precision planter is characterized by comprising a seed tray (1), a vibration exciter (3), a vibrating table bracket (4), a control device (5), a vibrating table leveling device (6), a seed leveling device (7), a seed adding device (9) and a motor;
the seed tray (1) is connected with four corners of the vibrating table bracket (4) through spring bolts (2),
The vibration exciter (3) is positioned below the center of the seed tray (1) and welded with the vibration exciter base (3 c), the bottom of the vibration exciter base (3 c) is fixedly connected with a vibration table center support (4 a) positioned at the center of the vibration table support (4) through bolts and nuts, the distance between the upper surface of the vibration table center support (4 a) and the lower surface of the seed tray (1) in a stable state is equal to the original height of the vibration exciter (3), the top end of a vibration exciter ejector rod (3 b) and a lower hollow cylinder of the vibration exciter base (3 c) form the same axis, and the vibration exciter ejector rod (3 b) provides power for reciprocating simple harmonic motion of the seed tray (1);
The vibration table leveling device (6) is arranged at the bottom end of the vibration table support (4), a strip-shaped round hole is formed in the vibration table leveling device (6), the vibration table leveling device penetrates through the strip-shaped round hole through a bolt and a nut to be fixed in the round hole of the vibration table support, the position of the bolt and the nut in the strip-shaped round hole is adjusted, and the defect of unbalance of the vibration table caused by uneven ground is overcome;
The seed leveling device comprises two groups of screw rod sliding tables (7), one group is a horizontal screw rod sliding table, the horizontal screw rod sliding table is arranged on a seed adding device bracket (9 e) through a horizontal bracket and is close to one side of a seed tray (1), a horizontal sliding table screw rod (7 b) is connected with the horizontal bracket through a second bearing fixed end, a sliding table motor (7 a) rotates, a horizontal sliding table sliding rod (7 b) is driven to rotate so as to drive a horizontal sliding table sliding block (7 c) to horizontally move along one side of the seed tray (1), the other group is a vertical screw rod sliding table, which is vertically fixed on a horizontal sliding table sliding block (7 c), the vertical screw rod sliding table is fixedly provided with a vertical sliding table sliding block (7 c) and can drive the vertical sliding table sliding block to move in the vertical direction, and the seed leveling brush (8) is fixed on the vertical sliding table sliding block and moves along with the horizontal sliding table sliding block and the vertical sliding table sliding block, so that the two-dimensional movement of the seed leveling brush (8) in the horizontal and vertical directions is realized;
the seed adding device (9) comprises a seed bin (9 a), wherein an auger blade (9 b) and a quantitative screening shaft (9 c) are arranged in the seed bin (9 a), the auger blade (9 b) is arranged on the upper part of the seed bin (9 a), the quantitative screening shaft (9 c) is arranged on the lower part of the seed bin (9 b), and the auger blade (9 b) plays a role in loosening seeds in the seed bin (9 a) through a third bearing fixed end (9 d) and the inner wall of the seed bin (9 a); a baffle is arranged below the auger blade (9 b) and is used for enabling seeds to accurately fall into a groove on the surface of the quantitative screening shaft (9 c), and then the seeds are conveyed into the seed tray through an inclined plate at the bottom of the seed bin;
the control device (5) is used for adjusting and controlling the vibration of the seed tray, the seed leveling and the seed adding operation.
2. The intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device for the seed tray of the air vibration type precision planter according to claim 1 is characterized in that the vibration exciter (3) can adjust the amplitude of the seed tray (1) by 0-10 mm.
3. The intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device for the gas vibration type precision planter according to claim 1 is characterized in that gas field circulation small holes (1 a) with the diameter of 2mm and the interval of 1cm are arrayed in the middle of the seed tray (1), and gas field circulation small holes (1 a) are used for forming gas flow field auxiliary seeds to achieve a boiling state.
4. The intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device for the seed tray of the air vibration type precision planter according to claim 1 is characterized in that the spring bolt (2) comprises a bolt, a first bearing fixed end (2 a) and a spring (2 b); the axes of the two bolts are on the same straight line, springs are arranged on the peripheries of the bolts, the springs are pressed by the first bearing fixing ends (2 a) to achieve the effect of fixing the springs, one ends of the bolts are fixedly welded at the bottom of the seed tray (1) by the first bearing fixing ends, the other ends of the bolts are welded on the vibrating table support (4), and the tail parts of the bolts are sleeved in the first bearing fixing ends (2 a).
5. The intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device for the seed tray of the air vibration type precision planter according to claim 1 is characterized in that the control device (5) comprises a singlechip serving as a signal generator, a power amplifier, a vibration sensor, a vibrating table bracket (4) and a photoelectric sensor a (10) and a photoelectric sensor b (11) which are respectively arranged on a production line;
The single chip microcomputer is used as a signal generator, is combined with the photoelectric switch a (10), the photoelectric switch b (11) and the vibration sensor, can realize manual and automatic control of the vibration exciter, when the automatic gear is controlled by the switch, the photoelectric switches a and b give high/low level signals to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer generates voltage signals with corresponding frequencies according to different high/low levels of the received photoelectric switches a and b through programming, and simultaneously generates sine signals meeting the requirements according to the amplitude of the programming and adjusting the voltage signals, and the sine signals are amplified through the power amplifier and then supplied to the vibration exciter; when the switch is in a manual gear, the frequency and amplitude of the switch can be modulated by the left key and the right key respectively, the voltage signals with corresponding frequency and amplitude are generated by the single chip microcomputer according to programming, sinusoidal signals meeting the requirements are generated, the type of generated waves can be displayed on the liquid crystal display screen, and the frequency and amplitude of the waves are displayed;
The power amplifier is made of a plurality of triodes, the voltage and the current are improved by utilizing a common-emission amplifying circuit, the current is improved by utilizing a common-collection amplifying circuit, the amplified voltage and the amplified current are controlled by utilizing a sliding rheostat, the sliding rheostat is at an ideal value and is kept still when a switch is in automatic gear, and when a voltage signal given by a singlechip is transmitted, the voltage and the current are amplified to improve the output power for a vibration exciter, so that the vibration exciter vibrates to drive a seed disk to vibrate; when the switch is in a manual gear, if the output power of the power amplifier is insufficient, the sliding piece of the sliding rheostat is adjusted to change the resistance value, the voltage and the current are amplified, and the output power is changed to facilitate the vibration exciter to achieve a good vibration effect; the switch is in an automatic gear, can realize intermittent automatic amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, work initialization, the singlechip generates a low-frequency and low-amplitude sinusoidal signal by using energy-saving parameters, the vibration exciter (3) is vibrated in an energy-saving state through the power amplifier, the seed sucking disc is positioned above the assembly line seedling raising disc, the photoelectric switch a detects shielding of the seed sucking disc, the singlechip generates a signal unchanged, when the seed sucking disc leaves the assembly line, the photoelectric switch a receives a signal that the seed sucking disc leaves, the photoelectric switch a gives a low-level signal to the singlechip, the singlechip gradually increases a voltage signal with a certain frequency and amplitude according to programming, the voltage and the current are amplified by the power amplifier, the output power is increased to the vibration exciter, the vibration sensor adds the vibration parameter of the vibration exciter to the singlechip to an ideal parameter of vibration before the seed sucking disc reaches the upper part of the vibration exciter, the vibration sensor does not reach an expected value, the single chip microcomputer increases the amplitude and frequency of the signal, when the seed sucking disc reaches the upper part of the seed sucking disc to prepare seed sucking, the photoelectric switch b detects that the shielding of the seed sucking disc is at a high level, the single chip microcomputer generates a signal unchanged, keeps a voltage signal with ideal frequency and amplitude, keeps the power output of the power amplifier, keeps the ideal vibration parameter of the vibration exciter, enables seeds in the seed sucking disc to vibrate uniformly, facilitates the adsorption of the seed sucking disc, improves the seed sucking effect of the seed sucking disc, when the seed sucking disc finishes seed sucking and leaves the seed sucking disc, the photoelectric switch b receives a signal leaving the seed sucking disc, gives a low-level signal to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer gradually reduces the voltage signal according to programming according to the low-level signal received by the photoelectric switch b at a certain frequency and amplitude speed, amplifies the voltage and current through the power amplifier, reduces the output power to the vibration exciter, reducing to an energy-saving parameter; when the seed sucking disc reaches the upper part of the production line seedling raising disc, the photoelectric switch a detects the shielding of the seed sucking disc and gives a high-level signal to the singlechip, and the singlechip generates a signal unchanged; when the switch is in a manual gear, the frequency and the amplitude of the signal can be adjusted to reach ideal parameters, the signal is transmitted to the power amplifier to amplify voltage and current, ideal power is output to the vibration exciter, the vibration exciter continuously vibrates ideally, if the output power needs to be improved, the sliding sheet of the sliding rheostat of the power amplifier is adjusted, the resistance is adjusted, and the amplified voltage and current are changed to improve the output power; the vibration sensor gives vibration parameters of the vibrating table to the singlechip, the expected value is not reached, and the amplitude and the frequency of the signal are increased through the key.
6. The intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device for the seed tray of the air vibration type precision planter according to claim 5 is characterized in that the photoelectric switch a and the photoelectric switch b are arranged on a vibrating table bracket and can detect the coming and leaving of the seed tray.
7. The intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device for the seed tray of the air vibration type precision planter according to claim 1 is characterized in that according to the number of grooves of a circle of quantitative screening shafts (9 c), the quality of seeds can be stored in the grooves, and a motor is controlled to drive the quantitative screening shafts (9 c) to rotate within a certain time, so that quantitative seed adding is realized.
8. The intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device for the seed tray of the air vibration type precision planter according to claim 7 is characterized in that the quantitative screening shaft (9 c) is provided with 8 grooves, each groove can store seeds with a certain mass, and the mass m of the seeds stored by the quantitative screening shaft (9 c) at one time is calculated as follows:
V Total (S) ＝8V Concave recess
m＝v Total (S) ρ(1-γ)。
9. The intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device for a gas vibration type precision planter according to claim 8, wherein 1kg of seeds needs to be automatically added to a planting tray 1 at intervals of 1kg of seeds in the planting tray, the thickness of the seeds in the planting tray is set to be h, the size of the planting tray is set to 760×400, the unit is mm, the mass of the seeds to be added is m Is required to , and the following steps are adopted:
m Is required to ＝760×10-3×400×10-3×1219×h×10-3×0.775≈0.29h
the number of turns t of the quantitative screening shaft (9 c) required to rotate, i.e
10. The control method of the intermittent vibration and seed leveling and adding device of the air vibration type precision planter as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the vibration of the seed tray is controlled, a singlechip is used as a signal generator, and a photoelectric switch a, a photoelectric switch b and a vibration sensor are combined to realize the manual and automatic control of a vibration exciter so as to realize the vibration control of the seed tray; when the automatic gear is in automatic gear, the photoelectric switches a and b give high/low level signals to the singlechip, the singlechip generates voltage signals with corresponding frequencies according to different high/low levels of the received photoelectric switches a and b through programming, and simultaneously adjusts the amplitude of the voltage signals according to programming to generate sine signals meeting the requirements, and the sine signals are amplified by the power amplifier and then provided for the vibration exciter; when the switch is in a manual gear, the frequency and amplitude of the switch can be modulated by the left key and the right key respectively, and the voltage signals with corresponding frequency and amplitude are generated by the singlechip according to programming, so that sine signals meeting the requirements are generated and amplified by the power amplifier and then provided for the vibration exciter; meanwhile, the type of the generated wave is displayed on the liquid crystal display screen, and the frequency and amplitude of the wave are displayed;
When the seeds are sucked, each time the seed sucking disc adsorbs the seeds in the seed disc, the seeds in the seed disc can gather towards the middle under the influence of air flow to cause fewer seeds around, a photoelectric switch d is arranged on a vibration exciter, a seed leveling device is started under the condition that the seed sucking disc arrives above the seed disc and leaves the seed disc for even number of times, a control device sends out a signal to control the motor of the seed leveling device to rotate, a horizontal screw sliding table and a vertical screw sliding table are driven to move so as to drive a sliding table sliding block to move and a seed leveling brush to move, and the purpose that the seed leveling brush quickly brushes the seeds back and forth along the length direction of the seed disc is achieved; specifically, when the photoelectric switch d is turned on even times, the screw rod sliding table in the vertical direction slides the sliding block within a short time of power on, so that the sliding block moves to a corresponding position, and the screw rod sliding table in the horizontal direction enables the sliding block to move back and forth once along the length of the seed tray, so that the seed leveling brush brushes back and forth once in the seed tray;
when the seed tray needs to be added with seeds, the seed adding device is started, the control device controls the motor of the seed adding device to operate, so that the quantitative screening shaft and the auger blade rotate, the seed leveling device is started again after the quantitative screening shaft rotates for a circle number T, the motor corresponding to the screw rod sliding table is started, the horizontal screw rod sliding table and the vertical screw rod sliding table are driven to operate, and seeds in the seed tray are leveled by the seed leveling brush.
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