CN118209427A - Static blasting test system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention is applicable to the technical field of static blasting, and relates to a static blasting test system and method, wherein the static blasting test system comprises the following steps: the system comprises a confining pressure loading system, a DIC high-speed photographing system, an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system and a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system; the periphery of a sample containing cavity of the confining pressure loading system is connected with a hydraulic loading device, a pressure sensor is arranged between the hydraulic loading device and the sample containing cavity, and the hydraulic loading device is also connected with a pressure bearing device; the high-speed photographic camera of the DIC high-speed photographic system is arranged right in front of the rock mass test block to be tested; acoustic emission probes of the acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system are arranged on two sides of the test block; the vibration acceleration and strain data processing system comprises an acceleration sensor, a testing instrument, strain gauges and a data processing system, wherein the acceleration sensor is arranged on two sides of a static blasting drilling hole on the surface of a rock mass test block to be tested, and the strain gauges are arranged at the static blasting drilling hole in a surrounding mode. The invention can measure various parameters of static blasting test and ensure consistency of parallel test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of static blasting, and particularly relates to a static blasting test system and method.
Background
The static blasting technology is an emerging construction technology, has the advantages of simple and safe construction process, controllable construction period, no vibration, silence, no flyrock and the like, and is widely applied to projects such as rock slope excavation cleaning, tunnel tunneling, mine roadway exploitation, retaining wall removal, foundation excavation and the like. The engineering parameters of static blasting mainly comprise drilling diameter, drilling interval, drilling row spacing, using amount of breaker, drilling layout mode, drilling mode (circular holes and slotted holes) and the like, all the parameters are mutually restricted, and in different application scenes, the influence of the static blasting parameters on blasting effect and blasting mechanism is greatly different, a plurality of students perform a large number of static blasting tests on complete rock mass or concrete, and the static blasting method has a certain guiding significance on the acquisition of blasting parameters. However, in actual engineering, the test parameters measured by the static blasting test system are single, the result analysis is on one side, the static blasting rock mass breaking mechanism under various working conditions cannot be comprehensively coupled and analyzed according to a plurality of test parameters, and meanwhile, sufficient theoretical basis cannot be provided for selecting the static blasting parameters according to the comprehensive coupling and analysis of the plurality of test parameters.
The patent application with the publication number of CN110779695B provides a blasting test system, which comprises a safety protection device, a filling and discharging device and a gas distribution device. The invention also discloses a blasting test method using the system. According to the invention, the filling and discharging device, the gas distribution device and the discharge pipeline are directly connected with the shell or the jacket of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested, and meanwhile, the stress sensor, the strain sensor and the temperature sensor are additionally arranged on the shell, so that a plurality of indexes of the liquid hydrogen cylinder with a double-layer structure can be tested, and the problem of error leakage detection of the liquid hydrogen cylinder with the double-layer structure is solved. The system provided by the patent is also used for explosion tests, but the system is used for researching the safety problem of liquid hydrogen test, and a related technical scheme is not provided for pain points which have single test parameters and cannot ensure consistency of parallel tests in the prior art.
Therefore, how to measure various test parameters of the static blasting test system, and the test method or the test instrument does not need to be replaced frequently so as to ensure the consistency of parallel tests is a problem to be solved urgently by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a static blasting test system to solve the problems that the test parameters measured by the static blasting test system in the prior art are single, the result analysis is on one side, and the static blasting rock mass breaking mechanism under various working conditions cannot be comprehensively coupled and analyzed according to a plurality of test parameters; in addition, the invention also provides a static blasting test method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a static blast test system comprising:
The system comprises a confining pressure loading system, a DIC high-speed photographing system, an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system and a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system; the confining pressure loading system comprises a sample containing cavity for containing rock mass test blocks to be tested, wherein hydraulic loading devices are connected to the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the sample containing cavity, a pressure sensor is arranged between the hydraulic loading device and the sample containing cavity, and the hydraulic loading device is also connected with a pressure-bearing device; the DIC high-speed photographing system comprises a high-speed photographing camera and a DIC data processing system which are in communication connection, wherein the high-speed photographing camera is arranged right in front of a rock mass test block to be tested; the acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system comprises an acoustic emission probe and an acoustic emission data processing system which are in communication connection, wherein the acoustic emission probe is arranged at two sides of a rock mass test block to be tested; the vibration acceleration and strain data processing system comprises an acceleration sensor, a testing instrument, a strain gauge and a data processing system which are sequentially connected in a communication mode, wherein the acceleration sensor is arranged on two sides of a static blasting drilling hole on the surface of a rock mass test block to be tested, the strain gauge is arranged at the static blasting drilling hole in a surrounding mode, and a power supply is arranged in the testing instrument.
Further, the upper pressure-bearing device is connected with the lower pressure-bearing device through a plurality of metal pipes, the tops of the left pressure-bearing device and the right pressure-bearing device are connected with the upper pressure-bearing device through a plurality of metal pipes, and the bottoms of the left pressure-bearing device and the right pressure-bearing device are connected with the lower pressure-bearing device through a plurality of metal pipes.
Further, the confining pressure loading system further comprises a metal plate, wherein the metal plate is connected with the pressure sensor and covers the surface of the rock mass test block to be tested, and holes for setting the acoustic emission probe are formed in the metal plate.
Further, the confining pressure loading system further comprises a terminal for processing and displaying data.
Further, the DIC high-speed photography system further comprises a tripod for fixing a high-speed photography camera, the high-speed photography camera being mounted on the tripod.
Further, the DIC high-speed photography system further comprises an illumination lamp for illumination, the illumination lamp being mounted on the tripod.
Further, the acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system further comprises a signal amplifier for signal amplification and noise removal, and the acoustic emission sleeve head, the signal amplifier and the acoustic emission data processing system are sequentially in communication connection through acoustic emission data connecting wires.
Further, the vibration acceleration and strain data processing system further comprises a screw used for fixing the acceleration sensor on the surface of the rock mass test block to be tested.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a static blasting test method, which comprises the following steps:
S10, determining stress conditions and static blasting parameters of a test rock mass according to actual working conditions, and assembling and connecting a confining pressure loading system, a DIC high-speed shooting system, an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system and a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system;
s20, drilling static blasting holes in the front of a rock mass test block to be tested according to parameter requirements of the static blasting test, then placing the rock mass test block to be tested into a sample accommodating cavity, and pressurizing the test rock mass by using a confining pressure loading system;
S30, loading an acoustic emission probe in a metal plate hole on the surface of the rock mass test block to be tested, connecting the acoustic emission probe with a signal amplifier through an acoustic emission data connecting wire, and connecting the acoustic emission probe to an acoustic emission data processing system after connecting the acoustic emission probe to a collector; arranging strain gauges around the drill hole of the rock mass to be tested, monitoring radial compressive strain and tangential strain around the drill hole of the static blasting, and accessing a data processing system; the acceleration sensor is fixed on two sides of a static blasting drilling hole on the surface of a rock mass test block to be tested, a data transmission line is used for connecting a testing instrument, and the testing instrument is connected into a data processing system;
S40, spraying a layer of white paint on the surface of a rock mass test block to be tested, spraying black paint randomly to form spots after airing, obtaining deformation and displacement parameters of the rock mass to be tested according to the correlation of the scattered spots randomly distributed on the surface of the sample before and after deformation, installing a high-speed photographic camera on a tripod, adjusting angles and positions according to requirements, setting the shooting frame rate of the high-speed photographic camera, synchronously starting a static blasting test and high-speed shooting, and finally introducing shooting data into a DIC data processing system;
S50, performing a test by using the arranged static blasting test system, recording the static blasting process in detail by using a confining pressure loading system, a DIC high-speed photographing system, an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system and a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system, terminating the test when a rock mass test block to be tested is damaged, and performing detailed analysis on a static blasting rock mass breaking mechanism under the working condition according to various acquired data after performing a plurality of groups of parallel tests, so as to perform optimization research on static blasting parameters under the working condition.
Further, in the step S10, the static blasting parameters include a drilling diameter, a drilling interval, an amount of the breaker, a drilling layout mode, and a drilling mode.
Compared with the prior art, the static blasting test system and method provided by the invention have at least the following beneficial effects:
In the existing practical engineering, the test parameters measured by the static blasting test system are single, the result analysis is on one side, the static blasting rock mass breaking mechanism under various working conditions cannot be comprehensively coupled and analyzed according to a plurality of test parameters, and meanwhile, sufficient theoretical basis cannot be provided for selecting the static blasting parameters according to the comprehensive coupling and analysis of the plurality of test parameters. The static blasting test system disclosed by the invention not only can simulate various static blasting scenes and actual stress conditions of the rock mass, but also can test different static blasting parameters, the test method or the test instrument is not required to be replaced frequently, the consistency of parallel tests is greatly ensured, and a foundation is provided for the follow-up analysis of scientific problems such as static blasting mechanism and blasting parameter optimization research of various static blasting scenes and rock mass; the static blasting test system of the invention is used for coupling analysis of the breaking mechanism of static blasting of the rock mass under different working conditions from a plurality of test parameters such as acoustic emission test, high-speed photography, strain test, vibration acceleration and the like; the static blasting test system can also be used for analyzing the influence of static blasting parameters such as the drilling diameter, the drilling interval, the consumption of the breaker, the drilling layout mode (the change of the drilling row interval and the drilling interval), the drilling mode (the circular holes and the slotted holes) and the like on the blasting effect according to the coupling of the plurality of test parameters, so that the result analysis is more comprehensive, and the research result can provide more sufficient theoretical basis for the design of the static blasting parameters.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the solution of the invention, a brief description will be given below of the drawings required for the description of the embodiments, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a static blasting test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a confining pressure mode of a confining pressure loading system of a static blasting test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a DIC high-speed photography system of a static blasting test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system of a static blasting test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system of a static blasting test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a static blasting test method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Reference numerals: 10-confining pressure loading system; 101-a sample holding chamber; 102-a hydraulic loading device; 103-a pressure sensor; 104-a pressure-bearing device; 105-metal tube; 106-a metal plate; 107-terminal; a 20-DIC high-speed photography system; 201-a high-speed photographic camera; a 202-DIC data processing system; 203-tripod; 204-an irradiation lamp; 30-an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system; 301-acoustic emission probe; 302-an acoustic emission data processing system; 303-a signal amplifier; 304-acoustic emission data connection lines; 40-a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system; 401-an acceleration sensor; 402-a test instrument; 403-strain gage; 404-a data processing system.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs; the terms used in the specification are used herein for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention, for example, the orientations or positions indicated by the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are orientations or positions based on the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description of the invention and the claims and the description of the drawings above are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; the terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims or in the above-described figures, are used for distinguishing between different objects and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. In the description of the invention and the claims and the above figures, when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "mounted" or "disposed" or "connected" to another element, it can be directly or indirectly on the other element. For example, when an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element.
Furthermore, references herein to "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
The invention provides a static blasting test system, which is applied to projects such as rock slope excavation cleaning, tunnel tunneling, mine roadway exploitation, retaining wall removal, excavation foundation and the like, and comprises the following components:
the system comprises a confining pressure loading system, a DIC high-speed photographing system, an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system and a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system;
The confining pressure loading system comprises a sample containing cavity for containing rock mass test blocks to be tested, wherein hydraulic loading devices are connected to the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the sample containing cavity, a pressure sensor is arranged between the hydraulic loading device and the sample containing cavity, and the hydraulic loading device is also connected with a pressure-bearing device; the DIC high-speed photographing system comprises a high-speed photographing camera and a DIC data processing system which are in communication connection, wherein the high-speed photographing camera is arranged right in front of a rock mass test block to be tested; the acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system comprises an acoustic emission probe and an acoustic emission data processing system which are in communication connection, wherein the acoustic emission probe is arranged at two sides of a rock mass test block to be tested; the vibration acceleration and strain data processing system comprises an acceleration sensor, a testing instrument, a strain gauge and a data processing system which are sequentially connected in a communication mode, wherein the acceleration sensor is arranged on two sides of a static blasting drilling hole on the surface of a rock mass test block to be tested, the strain gauge is arranged at the static blasting drilling hole in a surrounding mode, and a power supply is arranged in the testing instrument.
The invention can measure various parameters of static blasting tests, and can test various static blasting parameters, thereby ensuring the consistency of parallel tests.
In order to make the person skilled in the art better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a static blasting test system which is applied to projects such as rock slope excavation and removal, tunnel excavation, mine roadway exploitation, retaining wall removal, excavation foundation and the like, can simulate various static blasting scenes and actual stress conditions of a rock mass, and is used for coupling analysis of a breaking mechanism of the static blasting of the rock mass under different working conditions from a plurality of test parameters such as acoustic emission test, high-speed photography, strain test, vibration acceleration and the like; meanwhile, the influence of blasting parameters such as the diameter of a drill hole, the distance between drill holes, the consumption of a breaker, the layout mode of drill holes (change of the hole row distance and the hole distance), the drilling mode (circular holes and slotted holes) and the like on the blasting effect can be analyzed according to the coupling of a plurality of test parameters, wherein the main characterization parameters of the static blasting effect are the appearance time of cracks and the breaking time of test blocks, which can provide more sufficient theoretical basis for the design of the static blasting parameters, and in combination with fig. 1 to 5, the static blasting test system comprises:
the system comprises a confining pressure loading system 10, a DIC high-speed photographing system 20, an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system 30 and a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system 40;
The confining pressure loading system 10 is used for simulating actual stress states of rock mass and comprises a sample accommodating cavity 101 for accommodating rock mass test blocks to be tested, a hydraulic loading device 102 is connected to the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the sample accommodating cavity 101, a pressure sensor 103 is arranged between the hydraulic loading device 102 and the sample accommodating cavity 101, the hydraulic loading device 102 is also connected with a pressure bearing device 104, the confining pressure loading system 10 can adjust the magnitude and the quantity of confining pressure loading according to different actual stress states of the rock mass, such as tunneling, mine tunneling, hard rock weakening and other working conditions, the indoor test simulation needs to add confining pressure around the rock mass to be tested, rock mass slopes, vertical rock stratum excavation and other working conditions, and confining pressure needs to be added in two or three directions of the rock mass to be tested during the indoor test simulation as shown in fig. 2.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper and lower pressure-bearing devices 104 connected with the hydraulic loading device 102 are used as the top plate and the base of the static blasting test system, the two pressure-bearing devices are connected through four pieces 105, the upper side of the left pressure-bearing device 104 is connected with the top plate through two metal pipes 105, the lower side of the left pressure-bearing device is connected with the base through two metal pipes 105, the pressure-bearing device 104 can provide supporting force for the hydraulic loading device 102 in the process of loading confining pressure, the lower side of the hydraulic loading device 102 is connected with the pressure sensor 103, the pressure sensor 103 is used for receiving and transmitting pressure signals, the magnitude of the applied confining pressure is monitored before the test starts, the pressure change in the process of expanding the static blasting rock mass is monitored after the test starts, and the confining pressure is displayed in a terminal 107 in real time, meanwhile, the four parts of the hydraulic loading device 102 can apply confining pressure to the rock mass from four directions, and the four parts of the hydraulic loading devices 102 are independent, and can be arranged below the pressure sensor 103 according to different adjustment confining pressure loading magnitudes and quantity of application scenes, so as to ensure that the confining pressure to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the rock mass to be tested, and the surface of the rock mass to be tested; the sample holding cavity 101 is arranged in the middle of the pressure chamber and is used for holding a rock mass test block to be tested, and a certain gap is formed between the sample holding cavity 101 and the pressure chamber and is used for realizing application of ambient pressure.
In this embodiment, the metal tube 105 is a steel tube, and the metal plate 106 is a steel plate; in other embodiments, the metal tube 105 and the metal plate 106 may also be other metal materials that are satisfactory.
The DIC high-speed photographing system 20 comprises a high-speed photographing camera 201, a DIC data processing system 202, a tripod 203 and an irradiation lamp 204 which are in communication connection, wherein the high-speed photographing camera 201 is arranged right in front of a rock mass test block to be tested;
Specifically, in this embodiment, the tripod 203 is used for fixing the high-speed photographic camera 201, placing the fixed high-speed photographic camera 201 in front of the rock mass test block to be tested, shooting the displacement change of the surface of the rock mass test block to be tested in the static blasting process, providing enough light for the shooting process by the irradiation lamp 204, introducing the shot image into the DIC data processing system 202 after the test is finished, obtaining the surface crack evolution process of the rock mass test block to be tested in the static blasting process, quantitatively analyzing the statistical characteristics of the morphological parameters of the surface crack of the rock mass, thereby revealing a certain static blasting rock mass breaking mechanism, and simultaneously revealing the static blasting rock mass breaking mechanism in a deeper layer by combining the displacement field and the strain field obtained by the DIC data processing system 202.
The acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system 30 comprises an acoustic emission probe 301 and an acoustic emission data processing system 302 which are in communication connection, wherein the acoustic emission probe 301 is arranged at two sides of a rock mass test block to be tested;
Specifically, in this embodiment, the acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system 30 includes an acoustic emission probe 301, a signal amplifier 303, an acoustic emission collector, an acoustic emission data connection line 304 and a data processing system 302, which are used for acquiring the crack growth condition inside the rock mass under the static blasting condition, locating the main crack position, and simultaneously exploring the crack growth rule inside the rock mass from the angle of acoustic emission energy, analyzing the crack expansion mechanism, the acoustic emission probe 301 is installed on the left and right sides of the rock mass to be tested, four acoustic emission probes 301 are installed on each side, accurately judging the crack generation and expansion condition inside the rock mass to be tested, and since the rock mass to be tested is covered by the steel plate when the confining pressure is loaded, the acoustic emission probe 301 cannot be directly installed, a plurality of holes are drilled on the steel plate to be used for placing the acoustic emission probe 301, so that the holes are in direct contact with the rock mass to be tested, the number of the holes can be determined according to the actual condition, wherein the acoustic emission probe 301 is mainly used for receiving and transmitting acoustic emission signals generated in the process of expanding the inside the rock mass and breaking the rock mass in the static blasting process, on the one hand, the acoustic emission probe 301 is used for receiving and transmitting acoustic emission signals generated in the process of the rock mass inside the crack expansion process, and acoustic emission signals of the rock mass are broken, four acoustic emission probes 301 are installed on each side, four acoustic emission probes 301 are on each side, and four acoustic emission probes are installed, and acoustic emission probe is used for transmitting acoustic emission signals, and acoustic emission data signal sensor is connected to realize the acoustic emission data acquisition and data, and data acquisition system, and acoustic emission data.
In other embodiments, the number of acoustic emission probes 301 can be any number.
Further, in this embodiment, the acoustic emission data processing system 302 analyzes acoustic emission characteristic parameters of a static blasting process test rock body, can determine the internal crack growth condition of the test rock body, and locates the main crack position, so as to analyze and study the crack generation mechanism, and simultaneously draw acoustic emission energy, accumulated energy change curves with time and macrocrack evolution processes of various test blocks, explore the internal crack growth rules of the test blocks from the angle of acoustic emission energy, and can determine the microcrack type based on acoustic emission parameters RA-AF, wherein aF value is defined as the ratio of AE signal ringing count to duration, ra value is defined as the ratio of AE signal rising time to maximum amplitude, and diagonal line of RA-AF value can be used as the dividing line for dividing tension crack and shear crack, so as to analyze and study the crack type and generation mechanism.
The vibration acceleration and strain data processing system 40 comprises acceleration sensors 401, test instruments 402, strain gauges 403 and a data processing system 404 which are sequentially in communication connection, wherein the acceleration sensors 401 are used for monitoring the change process of vibration acceleration in the static blasting process, the number of the vibration acceleration sensors is four, the bolts are arranged on two sides of a static blasting drilling hole on the surface of a rock mass to be tested, the two static blasting drilling hole are positioned at the middle line positions of two adjacent drilling holes and used for monitoring the change process of vibration acceleration in the static blasting process, the strain gauges 403 are arranged at the static blasting drilling hole in a surrounding mode, radial compressive strain and tangential strain on the periphery of the static blasting drilling hole are monitored, the data processing system 404 analyzes the monitored data of the strain gauges 403 to predict the expansion pressure change before the damage of the rock mass to be tested, the strain gauges 403 are arranged on the periphery of the static blasting drilling hole to be fixed by using adhesive tapes, the three strain gauges 403 are arranged on the periphery of each drilling hole to surround the drilling hole in a triangular shape so as to measure the radial compressive strain and tangential strain change on the periphery of the drilling hole, and further the prediction of the expansion pressure of key data of the static blasting is realized, and a power supply is built in the test instruments 402 and used for reading the vibration acceleration data in the static blasting process.
In other embodiments, the number of acceleration sensors 401 and strain gages 4033 may be any number.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a static blasting test method which is applied to projects such as rock slope excavation and removal, tunnel excavation, mine roadway exploitation, retaining wall removal, excavation foundation and the like, can simulate various static blasting scenes and actual stress conditions of rock mass, and is used for coupling analysis of a breaking mechanism of the static blasting of the rock mass under different working conditions from a plurality of test parameters such as acoustic emission test, high-speed photography, strain test, vibration acceleration and the like; meanwhile, the influence of blasting parameters such as the diameter of a drill hole, the distance between drill holes, the consumption of a breaker, the layout mode of drill holes (change of the hole row distance and the hole distance), the drilling mode (circular holes and slotted holes) and the like on the blasting effect can be analyzed according to the coupling of a plurality of test parameters, wherein the main characterization parameters of the static blasting effect are the appearance time of cracks and the breaking time of test blocks, so that more sufficient theoretical basis can be provided for the design of the static blasting parameters, and in combination with fig. 1 to 6, the static blasting test method comprises the following steps:
S10, determining stress conditions of the rock mass to be tested according to the actual working conditions simulated by the test, and further determining the size and the number of confining pressures; secondly, determining static blasting parameters such as the drilling diameter, the drilling interval, the consumption of breaker, the drilling layout mode (change of the drilling row distance and the drilling interval), the drilling mode (circular holes and slotted holes) and the like; finally, assembling and connecting a confining pressure loading system 10, a DIC high-speed photographing system 20, an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system 30 and a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system 40 in the static blasting test system;
s20, drilling static blasting holes in the front of a rock mass test block to be tested according to parameter requirements of the static blasting test, adding a breaker, then placing the rock mass test block to be tested into a sample containing cavity, and pressurizing the test rock mass by using a confining pressure loading system 10 according to the confining pressure size and the confining pressure determined in the step S10;
S30, acoustic emission probes 301 are arranged in reserved holes in steel plates on two sides of a rock mass test block to be tested, the acoustic emission probes 301 are connected with a signal amplifier 303 through acoustic emission data connecting wires 304, and then the acoustic emission probes are connected to a collector and then connected to an acoustic emission data processing system 302; arranging strain gauges 403 around the drill hole of the rock mass to be tested, monitoring radial compressive strain and tangential strain around the drill hole of the static blasting, and then accessing a data processing system 404; the acceleration sensor 401 is fixed on two sides of a static blasting drilling hole on the surface of a rock mass test block to be tested by using a screw, the static blasting drilling hole is positioned at the center line position of two adjacent drilling holes, a data transmission line is used for connecting the acceleration sensor 401 to the test instrument 402, a power supply is built in the test instrument 402, and then the test instrument 402 is connected to the data processing system 404;
S40, firstly spraying a layer of white paint on the surface of the rock mass to be tested, drying, then spraying black paint at random to form spots, obtaining parameters such as deformation and displacement of the rock mass to be tested according to the correlation of the scattered spots randomly distributed on the surface of the sample before and after deformation, mounting a high-speed photographic camera 201 on a tripod 203, adjusting angles and positions according to requirements, setting parameters such as shooting frame rate of the high-speed photographic camera 201, starting a static blasting test synchronously with high-speed shooting, and finally guiding shooting data into a DIC data processing system 202.
S50, performing a test by using the arranged static blasting test system, recording the static blasting process in detail by using the confining pressure loading system 10, the DIC high-speed photographing system 20, the acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system 30 and the vibration acceleration and strain data processing system 40, terminating the test when the sample is damaged, and after performing a plurality of groups of parallel tests, analyzing the static blasting rock mass breaking mechanism in detail under the working condition according to various acquired data, and performing optimization study on static blasting parameters under the working condition.
Specifically, the specific process of analyzing the static blasting rock mass breaking mechanism in detail and optimizing the static blasting parameters under the working condition according to the collected various data is as follows:
The pressure sensor 103 of the confining pressure loading system 10 is used for monitoring the whole course of pressure change in the process of expanding and cracking of rock mass test blocks to be tested in the static blasting process, and the change of the readings of the pressure sensor 103 can be used for describing the change of expansion pressure in the static blasting process approximately, so that a certain theoretical basis is provided for revealing the cracking principle of the static blasted rock mass;
The method comprises the steps of carrying out whole-course dynamic monitoring on the surface crack evolution process of a rock mass test block to be tested in the static blasting process through a DIC high-speed photography technology, firstly carrying out quantitative research on cracks, carrying out quantitative analysis on the statistical characteristics of surface crack morphological parameters such as the total length, average width, crack direction and the like of the crack of the test block, thereby revealing a certain static blasting rock mass cracking mechanism, secondly combining a DIC data processing system 202 to obtain a displacement field and a strain field of the rock mass test block to be tested in the static blasting process, carrying out analysis on expansion deformation properties such as the expansion speed, the difficulty and the like of the crack in the rock mass test block to be tested, and having important significance for revealing the static blasting rock mass cracking mechanism in a deeper layer;
Analyzing acoustic emission characteristic parameters of a rock mass test block to be tested in a static blasting process through an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system 30, determining the internal crack expansion condition of the rock mass test block to be tested, positioning the main crack position, exploring the internal crack expansion rule of the rock mass test block to be tested from the angle of acoustic emission energy by combining parameters such as acoustic emission ringing count and the like, and determining the type of microcracks based on acoustic emission parameters RA-AF so as to analyze and research the crack types and generation mechanisms of the microcracks;
The vibration acceleration and strain data processing system 40 can monitor radial compressive strain and tangential strain around the static blasting drilling hole, the radial strain and the tangential strain are two important indexes for describing deformation of a rock mass test block to be tested under the action of a breaker, the two important indexes can be used for researching a fracture deformation mechanism of the rock mass test block to be tested in the static blasting process and stress distribution of the rock mass surface under the action of expansion pressure, the change of a stress field of the rock mass test block to be tested is analyzed, meanwhile, the expansion pressure change before the rock mass test block to be tested is damaged can be predicted and analyzed according to strain data, and the data of a pressure sensor can be mutually compared and analyzed.
Compared with the prior art, in the actual engineering, the static blasting test system and the method have the advantages that the test parameters measured by the static blasting test system are single, the result analysis is on one side, the static blasting rock mass breaking mechanism under various working conditions cannot be comprehensively coupled and analyzed according to a plurality of test parameters, and meanwhile, sufficient theoretical basis cannot be provided for the selection of the static blasting parameters according to the comprehensive coupling and analysis of the plurality of test parameters. The static blasting test system disclosed by the invention not only can simulate various static blasting scenes and actual stress conditions of the rock mass, but also can test different static blasting parameters, the test method or the test instrument is not required to be replaced frequently, the consistency of parallel tests is greatly ensured, and a foundation is provided for the follow-up analysis of scientific problems such as static blasting mechanism and blasting parameter optimization research of various static blasting scenes and rock mass; the static blasting test system of the invention is used for coupling analysis of the breaking mechanism of static blasting of the rock mass under different working conditions from a plurality of test parameters such as acoustic emission test, high-speed photography, strain test, vibration acceleration and the like; the static blasting test system can also be used for analyzing the influence of static blasting parameters such as the drilling diameter, the drilling interval, the consumption of the breaker, the drilling layout mode (the change of the drilling row interval and the drilling interval), the drilling mode (the circular holes and the slotted holes) and the like on the blasting effect according to the coupling of the plurality of test parameters, so that the result analysis is more comprehensive, and the research result can provide more sufficient theoretical basis for the design of the static blasting parameters.
It is apparent that the above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all of which are shown in the drawings, which do not limit the scope of the invention. This invention may be embodied in many different forms, but rather, embodiments are provided in order to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the present disclosure. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing description, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. All equivalent structures made by the content of the specification and the drawings of the invention are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A static blast test system, comprising:
the system comprises a confining pressure loading system, a DIC high-speed photographing system, an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system and a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system;
The confining pressure loading system comprises a sample containing cavity for containing rock mass test blocks to be tested, wherein hydraulic loading devices are connected to the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the sample containing cavity, a pressure sensor is arranged between the hydraulic loading device and the sample containing cavity, and the hydraulic loading device is also connected with a pressure-bearing device; the DIC high-speed photographing system comprises a high-speed photographing camera and a DIC data processing system which are in communication connection, wherein the high-speed photographing camera is arranged right in front of a rock mass test block to be tested; the acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system comprises an acoustic emission probe and an acoustic emission data processing system which are in communication connection, wherein the acoustic emission probe is arranged at two sides of a rock mass test block to be tested; the vibration acceleration and strain data processing system comprises an acceleration sensor, a testing instrument, a strain gauge and a data processing system which are sequentially connected in a communication mode, wherein the acceleration sensor is arranged on two sides of a static blasting drilling hole on the surface of a rock mass test block to be tested, the strain gauge is arranged at the static blasting drilling hole in a surrounding mode, and a power supply is arranged in the testing instrument.
2. A static blasting test system according to claim 1, wherein the upper side of the pressure-bearing device is connected to the lower side of the pressure-bearing device through a plurality of metal pipes, the top of the left side of the pressure-bearing device and the top of the right side of the pressure-bearing device are connected to the upper side of the pressure-bearing device through a plurality of metal pipes, and the bottom of the left side of the pressure-bearing device and the bottom of the right side of the pressure-bearing device are connected to the lower side of the pressure-bearing device through a plurality of metal pipes.
3. The static blasting test system according to claim 2, wherein the confining pressure loading system further comprises a metal plate, the metal plate is connected with the pressure sensor and covers the surface of the rock mass test block to be tested, and holes for setting the acoustic emission probes are formed in the metal plate.
4. A static blast test system according to claim 3, wherein said confining pressure loading system further comprises terminals for processing and displaying data.
5. The static blast test system according to claim 1, wherein said DIC high speed camera system further comprises a tripod for fixing a high speed camera, said high speed camera being mounted on said tripod.
6. The static blast test system according to claim 5, wherein said DIC high speed camera system further comprises a light for illumination, said light being mounted on said tripod.
7. The static blasting test system of claim 1, wherein the acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system further comprises a signal amplifier for signal amplification and noise removal, and the acoustic emission sleeve head, the signal amplifier and the acoustic emission data processing system are sequentially in communication connection through acoustic emission data connection lines.
8. A static blast test system according to claim 1, characterized in that said vibration acceleration and strain data processing system further comprises screws for fixing said acceleration sensor to the surface of the rock mass test block to be tested.
9. A method applied to the system of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
S10, determining stress conditions and static blasting parameters of a test rock mass according to actual working conditions, and assembling and connecting a confining pressure loading system, a DIC high-speed shooting system, an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system and a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system;
s20, drilling static blasting holes in the front of a rock mass test block to be tested according to parameter requirements of the static blasting test, then placing the rock mass test block to be tested into a sample accommodating cavity, and pressurizing the test rock mass by using a confining pressure loading system;
S30, loading an acoustic emission probe in a metal plate hole on the surface of the rock mass test block to be tested, connecting the acoustic emission probe with a signal amplifier through an acoustic emission data connecting wire, and connecting the acoustic emission probe to an acoustic emission data processing system after connecting the acoustic emission probe to a collector; arranging strain gauges around the drill hole of the rock mass to be tested, monitoring radial compressive strain and tangential strain around the drill hole of the static blasting, and accessing a data processing system; the acceleration sensor is fixed on two sides of a static blasting drilling hole on the surface of a rock mass test block to be tested, a data transmission line is used for connecting a testing instrument, and the testing instrument is connected into a data processing system;
S40, spraying a layer of white paint on the surface of a rock mass test block to be tested, spraying black paint randomly to form spots after airing, obtaining deformation and displacement parameters of the rock mass to be tested according to the correlation of the scattered spots randomly distributed on the surface of the sample before and after deformation, installing a high-speed photographic camera on a tripod, adjusting angles and positions according to requirements, setting the shooting frame rate of the high-speed photographic camera, synchronously starting a static blasting test and high-speed shooting, and finally introducing shooting data into a DIC data processing system;
S50, performing a test by using the arranged static blasting test system, recording the static blasting process in detail by using a confining pressure loading system, a DIC high-speed photographing system, an acoustic emission data acquisition and processing system and a vibration acceleration and strain data processing system, terminating the test when a rock mass test block to be tested is damaged, and performing detailed analysis on a static blasting rock mass breaking mechanism under the working condition according to various acquired data after performing a plurality of groups of parallel tests, so as to perform optimization research on static blasting parameters under the working condition.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the step S10, the static blasting parameters include a drill hole diameter, a drill hole interval, an amount of a breaker, a drill hole arrangement, and a drill hole pattern.
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