CN118208227B - Directional drilling measurement analysis method based on electromagnetic waves - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic wave drilling, and particularly relates to a directional drilling measurement analysis method based on electromagnetic waves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic wave drilling, and particularly relates to a directional drilling measurement analysis method based on electromagnetic waves.
Background
Geological exploration is the basis for finding and developing earth resources, and provides scientific basis for reasonable development and utilization of resources. In existing geological exploration methods, directional drilling of electromagnetic waves can acquire information of a subsurface target by transmitting electromagnetic signals in the earth's surface or borehole and receiving reflected or scattered signals. Compared with the traditional drilling method, the electromagnetic wave directional drilling method has the advantages that the electromagnetic wave directional drilling method is non-invasive, interference on a geological structure is greatly reduced, meanwhile, stronger directionality can be realized, and accurate detection can be performed on a specific area or a target, so that the electromagnetic wave directional drilling method becomes a detection mode which is commonly adopted at present.
Because the detection range of a single electromagnetic wave is limited, a plurality of electromagnetic sensors are generally arranged on the ground when geological detection is carried out by utilizing the electromagnetic wave, particularly when wide-area geological detection is carried out, the arrangement density of the electromagnetic sensors in the prior art is mostly theoretically arranged according to geological conditions, deviation between actual detection results and expectations is not considered, actual measurement adjustment of the arrangement density of the electromagnetic sensors is lacked, partial geological features are easily caused to be not effectively detected, comprehensive understanding of underground structures is limited, and accuracy and reliability of geological exploration are affected.
In addition, electromagnetic waves are easy to be interfered by external environment during directional drilling, particularly electromagnetic interference, in order to avoid the external environment interference as much as possible, the electromagnetic sensor capable of carrying out multi-frequency band adjustment is adopted in the prior art, when the external environment interference exists, the external environment interference is resisted by improving the frequency band, but the propagation and reflection of the electromagnetic waves are influenced by the subtle change of an underground structure, the resolution ratio is insufficient, the detection depth is limited, the propagation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves in the underground is easy to scatter when the frequency band is improved, the propagation path of signals is more complex, the energy loss is more serious, the limitation of the detection depth is aggravated, and the detection requirement is not met.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, an object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an electromagnetic wave-based directional drilling measurement analysis method, which effectively solves the problems mentioned in the background art by actually measuring and adjusting the layout density of electromagnetic sensors and optimally adjusting the frequency band of the electromagnetic sensors according to the environmental interference condition and the detection depth coincidence condition in the drilling process.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: an electromagnetic wave based directional drilling measurement analysis method comprising the steps of: s1, selecting electromagnetic sensors based on expected drilling depth of a target drilling area, wherein the electromagnetic sensors can be used for multi-frequency band adjustment, and acquiring soil types corresponding to the area where the target drilling area is located, so that the arrangement density of the electromagnetic sensors is selected, and then the selected electromagnetic sensors are placed on drilling equipment according to the corresponding arrangement density.
S2, starting the distributed drilling equipment to drill so as to generate geological imaging of the distribution position of each electromagnetic sensor and performing overlapping comparison, analyzing whether the distribution density of the electromagnetic sensors needs to be adjusted, if not, executing S3, and if so, executing S3 after performing electromagnetic sensor distribution density adjustment according to the geological imaging overlapping comparison result.
In a further optimization of the above scheme, whether the electromagnetic sensor layout density needs to be adjusted or not is analyzed as follows: and obtaining the specification and model of the electromagnetic sensors, thereby obtaining the detection coverage range of each electromagnetic sensor based on the arrangement position of each electromagnetic sensor.
And forming adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups by the distributed electromagnetic sensors based on the distribution positions of the electromagnetic sensors, and comparing the detection coverage areas of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups to obtain the overlapped coverage areas of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups.
And constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system in the target drilling area, positioning the endpoint coordinates of the overlapping coverage areas corresponding to the adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups by using the three-dimensional coordinate system, and defining geological imaging of the overlapping coverage areas in geological imaging of the layout positions of the electromagnetic sensors.
And performing coincidence contrast on geological imaging of the overlapping coverage area in the geological imaging of the layout position where the adjacent electromagnetic sensor is positioned, so as to obtain the coincidence degree.
And comparing the geological imaging overlap ratio of the overlapping coverage area corresponding to each adjacent electromagnetic sensor group with a preset effective overlap ratio, and if the geological imaging overlap ratio of the overlapping coverage area corresponding to one adjacent electromagnetic sensor group is smaller than the effective overlap ratio, recording the adjacent electromagnetic sensor group as an abnormal group.
And counting the occupation ratio of the abnormal group, comparing the occupation ratio with the set allowable abnormal occupation ratio, and if the occupation ratio of the abnormal group is larger than the allowable abnormal occupation ratio, analyzing the distribution density of the electromagnetic sensors to be adjusted, otherwise, analyzing the distribution density of the electromagnetic sensors to be adjusted.
In a further optimization, the electromagnetic sensor arrangement density adjustment is performed by the following steps: comparing the ratio of the abnormal group with the allowable abnormal ratio by the expressionCalculating the adjustment degree of the layout densityIn the followingRepresents the ratio of the abnormal group,Representing the allowable abnormal occupation ratio,Geological imaging coincidence defect index representing abnormal group is specifically calculated as: and performing difference calculation on the effective coincidence degree and the geological imaging coincidence degree of the overlapping coverage areas corresponding to the abnormal groups respectively to obtain geological imaging coincidence difference values of the overlapping coverage areas corresponding to the abnormal groups, and performing mean value calculation to obtain geological imaging coincidence defect indexes of the abnormal groups.
Distribution density of electromagnetic sensorObtaining the adaptive layout density by combining the layout density adjustment degree statistics, wherein the statistical expression isIn the followingThe representation is rounded up.
And adjusting the layout density of the electromagnetic sensor according to the adaptive layout density.
And S3, detecting the environmental interference level of the arrangement position of each electromagnetic sensor in real time in the drilling process by using the drilling equipment, and simultaneously carrying out drilling depth coincidence analysis based on the sounding curve obtained by detection, so as to carry out electromagnetic sensor frequency band adjustment according to the environmental interference detection result and the drilling depth coincidence result.
As a preferable mode of the above scheme, the electromagnetic sensor frequency band adjustment process is as follows: comparing the environment interference detection results corresponding to the electromagnetic sensors with the environment interference detection results allowed by the normal operation of the electromagnetic sensors, and if the environment interference detection result corresponding to one electromagnetic sensor is larger than the environment interference detection result allowed by the normal operation, identifying that the environment interference exists in the operation of the electromagnetic sensor.
And judging whether the frequency band adjustment is needed or not based on the environmental interference identification result and the drilling depth coincidence degree corresponding to each electromagnetic sensor.
When the judgment needs to be carried out on the frequency band adjustment, the environmental interference identification result and the drilling depth conformity degree of the electromagnetic sensor needing the frequency band adjustment are imported into the adjustment algorithmObtaining a frequency band adjusting mode, and obtaining a frequency band adjusting mode in an algorithmIndicating that there is an environmental disturbance to the operation of the electromagnetic sensor,Indicating that the electromagnetic sensor is operating without environmental interference,Indicating the corresponding degree of drilling depth compliance of the electromagnetic sensor,Indicating the degree of coincidence of the standard drilling depth,Indicating that there is a drilling anomaly pointing and that the drilling anomaly pointing is an environmental disturbance,Indicating that there is a drilling anomaly direction and that the drilling anomaly direction is not up to the drilling depth,Indicating that there is no drilling anomaly pointing and that environmental interference is concentrated in the lower frequency band,Indicating that there is no drilling anomaly pointing and that environmental interference is concentrated in the higher frequency band,And is represented.
And S4, summarizing geological imaging generated by each electromagnetic sensor after drilling by using drilling equipment is finished, comparing geological imaging generated by the same electromagnetic sensor, and identifying the geological distribution state of the layout position of each electromagnetic sensor.
S5, comprehensively overlapping and comparing the geological distribution states of the distribution positions of the electromagnetic sensors to obtain the geological distribution state of the target drilling area.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the following positive effects: 1. according to the invention, after the electromagnetic sensors are distributed based on the geological conditions of the target drilling area, the electromagnetic sensors are started to drill to generate geological imaging of the distribution positions of the electromagnetic sensors, and overlapping comparison is carried out, so that distribution density adjustment is carried out according to overlapping comparison results, actual measurement adjustment after the electromagnetic sensors are distributed is realized, the distribution density of the electromagnetic sensors is more reasonable, the actual requirements are met, the underground structure can be more accurately captured, detection errors caused by deviation between theoretical distribution and actual conditions are reduced to the greatest extent, and the accuracy and reliability of detection are improved.
2. According to the invention, the environmental interference level is detected in real time in the directional drilling process by utilizing the electromagnetic sensor, and the drilling depth coincidence analysis is carried out based on the sounding curve obtained by detection, so that the electromagnetic sensor frequency band adjustment is carried out by combining the environmental interference level and the sounding curve, the electromagnetic sensor frequency band balance adjustment is realized, the influence of external interference on the detection result is reduced to the greatest extent, the detection precision is improved, the maximization of the detection depth is ensured as much as possible, the real-time response capability is further improved, the artificial interference is reduced, the exploration efficiency is improved, and the directional drilling task is more effectively completed.
3. According to the invention, after the directional drilling is finished by utilizing the electromagnetic sensors, the geological imaging generated by each electromagnetic sensor is summarized, and the geological imaging generated by the same electromagnetic sensor each time is compared to form data verification, so that the geological distribution state of the distribution position of each electromagnetic sensor is identified, on one hand, the reliability and consistency of geological analysis are ensured, the detection error caused by using single geological imaging analysis is reduced, and on the other hand, the stability of the sensor performance can be evaluated by comparing the geological imaging generated by the same electromagnetic sensor at different time points.
4. According to the invention, after the geological distribution state of the distribution position of each electromagnetic sensor is identified, the geological distribution state of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor is comprehensively overlapped and compared, so that the geological distribution state of the target drilling area is obtained, on one hand, the geological structure, lithology distribution, fault trend and other key characteristics of the target area can be known in a full-coverage manner through comprehensively analyzing the geological information of different positions, on the other hand, the geological imaging of the adjacent sensor is overlapped and compared, a verification mode can be provided for the geological structure of the overlapped area, and the accuracy and the reliability of data interpretation are improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments do not constitute any limitation of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort from the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of overlapping coverage areas corresponding to adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups in the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-electromagnetic sensor, 2-detection coverage of electromagnetic sensor, 3-overlapping coverage area.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a directional drilling measurement analysis method based on electromagnetic waves, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting electromagnetic sensors based on expected drilling depth of a target drilling area, wherein the electromagnetic sensors can be used for multi-frequency band adjustment, and acquiring soil types corresponding to the area where the target drilling area is located, so that the arrangement density of the electromagnetic sensors is selected, and then the selected electromagnetic sensors are placed on drilling equipment according to the corresponding arrangement density.
In a specific implementation of the above scheme, the electromagnetic sensor may be an electromagnetic induction sensor or an electromagnetic wave radar.
It will be appreciated that the reason for choosing the electromagnetic sensor in dependence on the expected drilling depth of the target drilling area prior to geological drilling is that there is a correlation between the drilling depth and the frequency and power of the electromagnetic sensor, and choosing a sensor suitable for the target drilling depth may make the signal of the sensor in this depth range more clear and reliable, facilitating subsequent data interpretation and geological analysis.
It is further to be appreciated that the reason for planning electromagnetic sensor layout density according to the soil type of the target drilling area is that: different types of soil have different conductivity characteristics, some soil types may have higher conductivity, and others may have lower conductivity. Therefore, the layout density of the sensor is planned according to the soil type of the target area, so that the sensor can be better adapted to the change of the soil conductivity, and the detection accuracy is improved; in addition, the transmission and reflection of electromagnetic signals can be influenced by different soil types, so that the acquisition of target signals is influenced, and the target signals and interference signals can be better distinguished by setting a sensor with proper density based on the soil types, so that the quality and interpretation capability of data are improved.
It should be noted that, the multiband adjustment of the electromagnetic sensor is usually based on the emission frequency range designed by the sensor itself, and is not infinitely adjustable, and the purpose of multiband adjustment is to adapt to different detection requirements, and by adjusting the working frequency or frequency band of the sensor, more accurate and comprehensive detection and analysis of underground features of different depths, different substances or different structures can be realized. Such adjustment is typically accomplished by design of the sensor itself or by a control system that enables it to operate at different frequencies or to switch frequency bands.
S2, starting the distributed drilling equipment to drill so as to generate geological imaging of the distribution position of each electromagnetic sensor and performing overlapping comparison, analyzing whether the distribution density of the electromagnetic sensors needs to be adjusted, if not, executing S3, and if so, executing S3 after performing electromagnetic sensor distribution density adjustment according to the geological imaging overlapping comparison result.
It is to be added that the method for generating the underground structure image by utilizing electromagnetic wave exploration geology is to collect electromagnetic wave data comprising resistivity, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and the like, invert the collected electromagnetic wave data into physical parameters of an underground medium by a mathematical model and an inversion algorithm, and finally perform imaging processing on the physical parameter data of the underground obtained by inversion to generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of the underground structure. Geological structures at different locations can be extracted from the geological imaging.
The above embodiment is applied to determine whether the magnetic sensor layout density needs to be adjusted as follows: and acquiring the specification and model of the electromagnetic sensors, and obtaining the detection coverage range of each electromagnetic sensor from the use specification of the corresponding sensor based on the arrangement position of each electromagnetic sensor.
It should be added that, since electromagnetic sensors of different specifications have different transmitting powers and receiving sensitivities, a high transmitting power can increase the penetration depth and propagation range of signals, and a high receiving sensitivity can increase the detectability of the sensor to weak signals, so that generally larger-sized electromagnetic sensors generally have higher transmitting powers and higher receiving sensitivities, and thus can cover a wider range of detection areas.
And forming adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups by the distributed electromagnetic sensors based on the distribution positions of the electromagnetic sensors, and comparing the detection coverage areas of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups, wherein the overlapping coverage areas of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups are obtained as shown in fig. 2.
And constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system in the target drilling area, positioning the endpoint coordinates of the overlapping coverage areas corresponding to the adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups by using the three-dimensional coordinate system, and defining geological imaging of the overlapping coverage areas in geological imaging of the layout positions of the electromagnetic sensors.
More optimally, the three-dimensional coordinate system is established as follows: taking the center point of the target drilling area as an origin, selecting a reference direction on the ground of the target drilling area as an X axis, taking the direction vertical to the X axis as a y axis on the ground, and simultaneously taking the detection direction of the electromagnetic sensor on the ground as a z axis, thereby establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system.
And performing coincidence contrast on the geological imaging of the overlapping coverage area in the geological imaging of the layout position of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor to obtain the coincidence degree, wherein the coincidence degree calculation can obtain the coincidence degree by selecting a certain geological imaging in the geological imaging of the layout position of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor as a reference geological imaging, acquiring the area or volume of the coincidence area at the same time, and dividing the area or volume of the coincidence area by the area or volume of the reference geological imaging and multiplying the area or volume of the coincidence area by hundred percent.
And comparing the geological imaging contact ratio of the corresponding overlapping coverage area of each adjacent electromagnetic sensor group with a preset effective contact ratio, wherein the effective contact ratio is 80% by way of example, and if the geological imaging contact ratio of the corresponding overlapping coverage area of a certain adjacent electromagnetic sensor group is smaller than the effective contact ratio, indicating that the adjacent electromagnetic sensor group has detection difference, the adjacent electromagnetic sensor group is marked as an abnormal group.
The occupation ratio of the abnormal group is counted and compared with the set allowable abnormal occupation ratio, and the allowable abnormal occupation ratio can be 0.4 in an exemplary manner, if the occupation ratio of the abnormal group is larger than the allowable abnormal occupation ratio, the detection of the electromagnetic sensor on the target drilling area is obviously different, the distribution density of the analyzed electromagnetic sensor needs to be adjusted at the moment, the distribution density of the current electromagnetic sensor can be adjusted to be relatively dense, a larger range of overlapping coverage areas can be presented, the same geological feature or target can be verified and confirmed on a plurality of data points, so that the reliability of the detection result is improved, and otherwise, the distribution density of the analyzed electromagnetic sensor does not need to be adjusted.
Further to the above embodiment, the following procedure is seen when analyzing electromagnetic sensor layout density needs to be adjusted: comparing the ratio of the abnormal group with the allowable abnormal ratio by the expressionCalculating the adjustment degree of the layout densityIn the followingRepresents the ratio of the abnormal group,Representing the allowable abnormal occupation ratio,Geological imaging coincidence defect index representing abnormal group is specifically calculated as: and performing difference calculation on the effective coincidence degree and the geological imaging coincidence degree of the overlapping coverage areas corresponding to the abnormal groups respectively to obtain geological imaging coincidence difference values of the overlapping coverage areas corresponding to the abnormal groups, and performing mean value calculation to obtain geological imaging coincidence defect indexes of the abnormal groups.
Distribution density of electromagnetic sensorObtaining the adaptive layout density by combining the layout density adjustment degree statistics, wherein the statistical expression isIn the followingThe representation is rounded up.
And adjusting the layout density of the electromagnetic sensor according to the adaptive layout density.
According to the invention, after the electromagnetic sensors are distributed based on the geological conditions of the target drilling area, the electromagnetic sensors are started to drill to generate geological imaging of the distribution positions of the electromagnetic sensors, and overlapping comparison is carried out, so that distribution density adjustment is carried out according to overlapping comparison results, actual measurement adjustment after the electromagnetic sensors are distributed is realized, the distribution density of the electromagnetic sensors is more reasonable, the actual requirements are met, the underground structure can be more accurately captured, detection errors caused by deviation between theoretical distribution and actual conditions are reduced to the greatest extent, and the accuracy and reliability of detection are improved.
And S3, detecting the environmental interference level of the arrangement position of each electromagnetic sensor in real time in the drilling process by using the drilling equipment, and simultaneously carrying out drilling depth coincidence analysis based on the sounding curve obtained by detection, so as to carry out electromagnetic sensor frequency band adjustment according to the environmental interference detection result and the drilling depth coincidence result.
As an optimization of the above-described solution, the drilling depth coincidence analysis based on the sounding profile obtained by the detection is as follows: extracting the received signal intensity corresponding to each depth from the depth measurement curve, comparing the received signal intensity with the received signal intensity corresponding to the previous depth, and calculating the signal intensity rapid decrease degree corresponding to each depth, wherein the calculation expression of the signal intensity rapid decrease degree is as followsIn the followingRepresenting the received signal strength corresponding to the last depth,The received signal strength corresponding to each current depth is represented and compared with a configuration threshold, for example, the configuration threshold is 0.7, and if the signal strength corresponding to a certain depth suddenly decreases to reach the configuration threshold, the last depth corresponding to the certain depth is taken as the effective drilling depth of the electromagnetic sensor.
It should be added that the depth measurement curve reflects the received signal strength of the electromagnetic wave at different depths in the subsurface, and if the depth measurement curve shows a situation that the signal strength is suddenly reduced or continuously reduced within a certain depth range, the detection depth of the electromagnetic wave may be insufficient.
It is further added that the ambient interference level detection is mainly detecting electromagnetic interference.
And comparing the environmental interference detection result of the layout position of each electromagnetic sensor with the environmental interference detection result allowed by the normal operation of the electromagnetic sensor, and screening the normal electromagnetic sensor from the environmental interference detection result, so that the effective drilling depth of the normal electromagnetic sensor is compared, and the maximum effective drilling depth is extracted from the effective drilling depth as the target drilling depth.
The detection result of the environmental interference allowed by the normal operation of the electromagnetic sensor mentioned above is obtained from the corresponding use instruction based on the specification model of the electromagnetic sensor.
Further, the normal electromagnetic sensor refers to an electromagnetic sensor whose environmental disturbance detection result is smaller than or equal to the normal operation allowable environmental disturbance detection result.
And dividing the effective drilling depth of each electromagnetic sensor by the target drilling depth to obtain the drilling depth coincidence degree corresponding to each electromagnetic sensor.
It should be understood that the underground depths in the same region are largely similar, and that electromagnetic sensors may not detect enough depths due to the propagation and reflection of electromagnetic signals by soil or rock characteristics during detection.
As a deep optimization of the above scheme, electromagnetic sensor frequency band adjustment is performed by the following steps: comparing the environment interference detection results corresponding to the electromagnetic sensors with the environment interference detection results allowed by the normal operation of the electromagnetic sensors, and if the environment interference detection result corresponding to one electromagnetic sensor is larger than the environment interference detection result allowed by the normal operation, identifying that the environment interference exists in the operation of the electromagnetic sensor.
Based on the environmental interference identification result and the drilling depth coincidence degree corresponding to each electromagnetic sensor, judging whether the frequency band adjustment is needed or not, wherein the specific judging operation is as follows: substituting the environmental interference identification results corresponding to the electromagnetic sensors and the drilling depth coincidence degree into the judgment modelObtaining the judgment result of whether the frequency band adjustment is neededWhereinIndicating that no band adjustment is required,Indicating that a frequency band adjustment is required,Representing or.
Calculating the environmental interference degree of the electromagnetic sensor when the judgment needs to be carried out on the frequency band adjustment, wherein the environmental interference degree calculation expression is as followsIn the followingIndicating the ambient interference detection result of the electromagnetic sensor,The method comprises the steps of representing an environmental interference detection result allowed by normal operation of an electromagnetic sensor, comparing with a drilling depth compliance degree to analyze whether drilling abnormal direction exists, and determining the drilling abnormal direction when the drilling abnormal direction exists, wherein the drilling abnormal direction can be environmental interference or the drilling depth is not up to standard, and then importing the environmental interference identification result and the drilling depth compliance degree which need to be adjusted by a frequency band adjustment electromagnetic sensor into an adjustment algorithmObtaining a frequency band adjusting mode, and obtaining a frequency band adjusting mode in an algorithmIndicating that there is an environmental disturbance to the operation of the electromagnetic sensor,Indicating that the electromagnetic sensor is operating without environmental interference,Indicating the corresponding degree of drilling depth compliance of the electromagnetic sensor,Indicating a compliance with the standard drilling depth, illustratively,It may be that the amount of the catalyst is 0.85,Indicating that there is a drilling anomaly pointing and that the drilling anomaly pointing is an environmental disturbance,Indicating that there is a drilling anomaly direction and that the drilling anomaly direction is not up to the drilling depth,Indicating that there is no drilling anomaly pointing and that environmental interference is concentrated in the lower frequency band,Indicating that there is no drilling anomaly pointing and that environmental interference is concentrated in the higher frequency band,And is represented.
The electromagnetic sensor is used for comparing the environmental interference degree with the drilling depth compliance, if the environmental interference degree of the electromagnetic sensor is consistent with the drilling depth compliance, no drilling abnormality exists in analysis, if the environmental interference degree of the electromagnetic sensor is inconsistent with the drilling depth compliance, the drilling abnormality exists in analysis, if the environmental interference degree is greater than the drilling depth compliance, the drilling abnormality is pointed to be environmental interference, and if the environmental interference degree is less than the drilling depth compliance, the drilling abnormality is pointed to be the drilling depth not reaching the standard.
Further, a suitable filter may be used to filter or attenuate signals within a specific frequency range when identifying whether the environmental interference is in a lower frequency band or a higher frequency band, thereby helping to identify the frequency band of the environmental interference.
According to the invention, the environmental interference level is detected in real time in the directional drilling process by utilizing the electromagnetic sensor, and the drilling depth coincidence analysis is carried out based on the sounding curve obtained by detection, so that the electromagnetic sensor frequency band adjustment is carried out by combining the environmental interference level and the sounding curve, the electromagnetic sensor frequency band balance adjustment is realized, the influence of external interference on the detection result is reduced to the greatest extent, the detection precision is improved, the maximization of the detection depth is ensured as much as possible, the real-time response capability is further improved, the artificial interference is reduced, the exploration efficiency is improved, and the directional drilling task is more effectively completed.
S4, summarizing geological imaging generated by each electromagnetic sensor after drilling is finished by using drilling equipment, comparing geological imaging generated by the same electromagnetic sensor, and identifying geological distribution states of layout positions of the electromagnetic sensors, wherein the specific identification operation is as follows: and dividing the detection coverage area of each electromagnetic sensor into areas, dividing a plurality of geological imaging generated by each electromagnetic sensor according to a dividing mode to obtain a plurality of areas divided by the geological imaging, and numbering the divided areas.
In the above, the area division of the detection coverage of each electromagnetic sensor may be divided according to the detection depth.
And extracting the geological structure in the geological imaging corresponding to the same region for comparison, marking the region with the repeated geological structure as a repeated region, and marking the region without the repeated geological structure as a non-repeated region.
Counting the occurrence frequency of each geological structure in the repeated area in the detection coverage range of each electromagnetic sensor, and further taking the geological structure corresponding to the highest occurrence frequency as the geological structure of the repeated area.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining the environmental interference degree of each electromagnetic sensor when geological imaging is generated in the drilling process, further extracting geological imaging corresponding to the minimum environmental interference degree from the environmental interference degree to serve as effective geological imaging, and further extracting geological structures of non-repeated areas in the detection coverage range of each electromagnetic sensor in the effective geological imaging to serve as geological structures of the non-repeated areas, so that geological distribution states of layout positions of the electromagnetic sensors are obtained.
According to the invention, after the directional drilling is finished by utilizing the electromagnetic sensors, the geological imaging generated by each electromagnetic sensor is summarized, and the geological imaging generated by the same electromagnetic sensor each time is compared to form data verification, so that the geological distribution state of the distribution position of each electromagnetic sensor is identified, on one hand, the reliability and consistency of geological analysis are ensured, the detection error caused by using single geological imaging analysis is reduced, and on the other hand, the stability of the sensor performance can be evaluated by comparing the geological imaging generated by the same electromagnetic sensor at different time points.
S5, comprehensively overlapping and comparing the geological distribution states of the distribution positions of the electromagnetic sensors to obtain the geological distribution state of the target drilling area, wherein the geological distribution state of the target drilling area is obtained by the following specific operation: and comparing detection coverage areas corresponding to the adjacent electromagnetic sensors based on the arrangement positions of the electromagnetic sensors, and marking an overlapped coverage area and a non-overlapped coverage area, wherein the geological structure of the non-overlapped coverage area is extracted from the geological distribution state of the arrangement positions of the adjacent electromagnetic sensors.
And extracting the geological structure of the overlapped coverage area from the geological distribution state of the layout position of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor, comparing, and if the geological structure is consistent with the comparison, taking the geological structure as the geological structure of the overlapped coverage area in the corresponding detection coverage area of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor, otherwise, calculating the detection stability of each electromagnetic sensor in the adjacent electromagnetic sensor, wherein the detection stability calculation of each electromagnetic sensor in the adjacent electromagnetic sensor can be used for generating the occupation ratio of the repeated area in geological imaging as the detection stability in the drilling process by counting each electromagnetic sensor.
And selecting a geological structure of an overlapping coverage area in the detection coverage area where the electromagnetic sensor corresponding to the maximum detection stability is positioned as a geological structure of an overlapping coverage area in the detection coverage area corresponding to the adjacent electromagnetic sensor.
According to the invention, after the geological distribution state of the distribution position of each electromagnetic sensor is identified, the geological distribution state of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor is comprehensively overlapped and compared, so that the geological distribution state of the target drilling area is obtained, on one hand, the geological structure, lithology distribution, fault trend and other key characteristics of the target area can be known in a full-coverage manner through comprehensively analyzing the geological information of different positions, on the other hand, the geological imaging of the adjacent sensor is overlapped and compared, a verification mode can be provided for the geological structure of the overlapped area, and the accuracy and the reliability of data interpretation are improved.
It should be added that the preset value, the set value, the configuration value and the like mentioned in the invention are all the planned values during initial drilling and are used for assisting analysis.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the structures of this invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions for those skilled in the art of describing particular embodiments without departing from the structures of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An electromagnetic wave based directional drilling measurement analysis method, comprising the steps of:
S1, selecting electromagnetic sensors based on the expected drilling depth of a target drilling area, wherein the electromagnetic sensors can be subjected to multi-frequency band adjustment, and the soil type corresponding to the area where the target drilling area is located is obtained, so that the arrangement density of the electromagnetic sensors is selected, and then the selected electromagnetic sensors are placed on drilling equipment according to the corresponding arrangement density in the target drilling area for arrangement;
S2, starting the distributed drilling equipment to drill so as to generate geological imaging of the distribution position of each electromagnetic sensor and performing overlapping comparison, so that whether the distribution density of the electromagnetic sensors needs to be adjusted is analyzed, if not, S3 is executed, and if so, the distribution density of the electromagnetic sensors is adjusted according to the overlapping comparison result of the geological imaging, and then S3 is executed;
S3, detecting the environmental interference level of the layout position of each electromagnetic sensor in real time in the drilling process by using drilling equipment, and simultaneously carrying out drilling depth coincidence analysis based on a sounding curve obtained by detection, and further carrying out electromagnetic sensor frequency band adjustment according to the environmental interference detection result and the drilling depth coincidence result;
S4, summarizing geological imaging generated by each electromagnetic sensor after drilling is finished by using drilling equipment, comparing geological imaging generated by the same electromagnetic sensor, and identifying geological distribution states of layout positions of each electromagnetic sensor;
S5, comprehensively overlapping and comparing the geological distribution states of the distribution positions of the electromagnetic sensors to obtain the geological distribution state of the target drilling area;
Whether the electromagnetic sensor layout density needs to be adjusted or not is analyzed as follows:
the specification model of the electromagnetic sensors is obtained, so that the detection coverage range of each electromagnetic sensor is obtained based on the arrangement position of each electromagnetic sensor;
forming adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups by the distributed electromagnetic sensors based on the distribution positions of the electromagnetic sensors, and comparing the detection coverage areas of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups to obtain the overlapped coverage areas of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups;
Constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system in the target drilling area, positioning the endpoint coordinates of the overlapping coverage areas corresponding to the adjacent electromagnetic sensor groups by using the three-dimensional coordinate system, and defining geological imaging of the overlapping coverage areas in geological imaging of the layout positions of the electromagnetic sensors according to the endpoint coordinates;
overlapping and contrasting geological imaging of overlapping coverage areas in geological imaging of layout positions where adjacent electromagnetic sensors are located, so as to obtain the overlap ratio;
Comparing the geological imaging overlap ratio of the overlapping coverage area corresponding to each adjacent electromagnetic sensor group with a preset effective overlap ratio, and if the geological imaging overlap ratio of the overlapping coverage area corresponding to a certain adjacent electromagnetic sensor group is smaller than the effective overlap ratio, marking the adjacent electromagnetic sensor group as an abnormal group;
Counting the occupation ratio of the abnormal group, comparing the occupation ratio with the set allowable abnormal occupation ratio, and if the occupation ratio of the abnormal group is larger than the allowable abnormal occupation ratio, analyzing the arrangement density of the electromagnetic sensor to be adjusted, otherwise, analyzing the arrangement density of the electromagnetic sensor to be adjusted;
the drilling depth coincidence analysis based on the sounding curve obtained by detection is as follows:
extracting the received signal intensity corresponding to each depth from the depth measurement curve, comparing the received signal intensity with the received signal intensity corresponding to the previous depth, calculating the signal intensity sudden reduction degree corresponding to each depth, comparing the signal intensity sudden reduction degree with a configuration threshold, and taking the previous depth corresponding to a certain depth as the effective drilling depth of the electromagnetic sensor if the signal intensity sudden reduction degree corresponding to the certain depth reaches the configuration threshold;
Comparing the environmental interference detection result of the layout position of each electromagnetic sensor with the environmental interference detection result allowed by the normal operation of the electromagnetic sensor, and screening out the normal electromagnetic sensor, thereby comparing the effective drilling depth of the normal electromagnetic sensor, and extracting the maximum effective drilling depth from the effective drilling depth as the target drilling depth;
Dividing the effective drilling depth of each electromagnetic sensor by the target drilling depth to obtain the corresponding drilling depth coincidence degree of each electromagnetic sensor;
the geological distribution state of the distribution position of each electromagnetic sensor is identified by the following process:
dividing the detection coverage area of each electromagnetic sensor into areas, dividing a plurality of geological imaging generated by each electromagnetic sensor according to a dividing mode to obtain a plurality of areas divided by the geological imaging, and numbering the divided areas;
Extracting the geological structure in the geological imaging corresponding to the same region for comparison, marking the region with the repeated geological structure as a repeated region, and marking the region without the repeated geological structure as a non-repeated region;
counting the occurrence frequency of each geological structure in the repeated area in the detection coverage range of each electromagnetic sensor, and further taking the geological structure corresponding to the highest occurrence frequency as the geological structure of the repeated area;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining the environmental interference degree of each electromagnetic sensor when geological imaging is generated in the drilling process, further extracting geological imaging corresponding to the minimum environmental interference degree from the environmental interference degree to serve as effective geological imaging, and further extracting geological structures of non-repeated areas in the detection coverage range of each electromagnetic sensor in the effective geological imaging to serve as geological structures of the non-repeated areas, so that geological distribution states of layout positions of the electromagnetic sensors are obtained.
2. An electromagnetic wave based directional drilling measurement analysis method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic sensor layout density adjustment is realized by the following steps:
comparing the ratio of the abnormal group with the allowable abnormal ratio by the expression Calculating the adjustment degree of the layout densityIn the followingRepresents the ratio of the abnormal group,Representing the allowable abnormal occupation ratio,Geological imaging coincidence defect index representing abnormal group is specifically calculated as: performing difference calculation on the effective coincidence degree and the geological imaging coincidence degree of the overlapping coverage areas corresponding to the abnormal groups respectively to obtain geological imaging coincidence difference values of the overlapping coverage areas corresponding to the abnormal groups, and performing mean value calculation to obtain geological imaging coincidence defect indexes of the abnormal groups;
distribution density of electromagnetic sensor Obtaining the adaptive layout density by combining the layout density adjustment degree statistics, wherein the statistical expression isIn the followingThe representation is rounded up;
And adjusting the layout density of the electromagnetic sensor according to the adaptive layout density.
3. An electromagnetic wave based directional drilling measurement analysis method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic sensor frequency band adjustment is realized by the following steps:
Comparing the environment interference detection results corresponding to the electromagnetic sensors with environment interference detection results allowed by normal operation of the electromagnetic sensors, and if the environment interference detection result corresponding to one electromagnetic sensor is larger than the environment interference detection result allowed by normal operation, identifying that environment interference exists in the operation of the electromagnetic sensor;
Judging whether frequency band adjustment is needed or not based on the environmental interference identification result and the drilling depth coincidence degree corresponding to each electromagnetic sensor;
When the judgment needs to be carried out on the frequency band adjustment, the environmental interference identification result and the drilling depth conformity degree of the electromagnetic sensor needing the frequency band adjustment are imported into the adjustment algorithm Obtaining a frequency band adjusting mode, and obtaining a frequency band adjusting mode in an algorithmIndicating that there is an environmental disturbance to the operation of the electromagnetic sensor,Indicating that the electromagnetic sensor is operating without environmental interference,Indicating the corresponding degree of drilling depth compliance of the electromagnetic sensor,Indicating the degree of coincidence of the standard drilling depth,Indicating that there is a drilling anomaly pointing and that the drilling anomaly pointing is an environmental disturbance,Indicating that there is a drilling anomaly direction and that the drilling anomaly direction is not up to the drilling depth,Indicating that there is no drilling anomaly pointing and that environmental interference is concentrated in the lower frequency band,Indicating that there is no drilling anomaly pointing and that environmental interference is concentrated in the higher frequency band,And is represented.
4. A method of electromagnetic wave based directional drilling measurement analysis as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the implementation of the evaluation as to whether the frequency band adjustment is required is as follows:
substituting the environmental interference identification results corresponding to the electromagnetic sensors and the drilling depth coincidence degree into the judgment model Obtaining the judgment result of whether the frequency band adjustment is neededWhereinIndicating that no band adjustment is required,Indicating that a frequency band adjustment is required,Representing or.
5. A method of electromagnetic wave based directional drilling measurement analysis as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the environmental interference recognition result of the electromagnetic sensor requiring frequency band adjustment and the drilling depth coincidence degree are required to be calculated before being led into an adjustment algorithm, whether the drilling abnormal direction exists or not is analyzed by comparing the environmental interference degree of the electromagnetic sensor with the drilling depth coincidence degree, and the drilling abnormal direction is determined when the drilling abnormal direction exists is analyzed.
6. An electromagnetic wave based directional drilling measurement analysis method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the geological distribution state of the target drilling area is obtained through the following processes:
Comparing detection coverage areas corresponding to adjacent electromagnetic sensors based on the arrangement positions of the electromagnetic sensors, and marking an overlapped coverage area and a non-overlapped coverage area, wherein the geological structure of the non-overlapped coverage area is extracted from geological distribution states of the arrangement positions of the adjacent electromagnetic sensors;
And extracting the geological structure of the overlapped coverage area from the geological distribution state of the distribution position of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor, comparing, and if the geological structure is consistent with the comparison, taking the geological structure as the geological structure of the overlapped coverage area in the corresponding detection coverage area of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor, otherwise, calculating the detection stability of each electromagnetic sensor in the adjacent electromagnetic sensor, and selecting the geological structure of the overlapped coverage area in the detection coverage area of the electromagnetic sensor corresponding to the maximum detection stability from the geological structure as the geological structure of the overlapped coverage area in the corresponding detection coverage area of the adjacent electromagnetic sensor.
7. An electromagnetic wave based directional drilling measurement analysis method as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the detection stability of each electromagnetic sensor in the adjacent electromagnetic sensors is calculated as follows:
And counting the ratio of the repeated areas generated by each electromagnetic sensor in the geological imaging process as the detection stability.
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