CN118206235A - System and method for treating perchlorate-containing wastewater - Google Patents
System and method for treating perchlorate-containing wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- CN118206235A CN118206235A CN202410319120.1A CN202410319120A CN118206235A CN 118206235 A CN118206235 A CN 118206235A CN 202410319120 A CN202410319120 A CN 202410319120A CN 118206235 A CN118206235 A CN 118206235A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for treating perchlorate-containing wastewater, wherein the system comprises a multistage pretreatment device, and the multistage pretreatment device is used for solid-liquid separation of wastewater so as to remove solid impurities in the wastewater; the heat source generating device is positioned at the downstream of the multistage pretreatment device and is used for heating and precipitating the solid-liquid separation wastewater from the upstream so as to shorten the treatment time; the biochemical treatment device is positioned at the downstream of the heat source generation device and is used for carrying out biochemical reaction on the heating precipitation wastewater from the upstream so as to remove perchlorate in the wastewater; and the heat source recovery and discharge device is positioned at the downstream of the biochemical treatment device, and is used for recovering heat from the upstream purified wastewater and discharging the purified wastewater up to the standard, wherein the heat is recovered into the heat source generation device. The system is used for treating the perchlorate in the wastewater, the perchlorate removal rate in the wastewater is up to more than 99.7%, the removal efficiency is high, and the efficiency requirement of perchlorate wastewater treatment and the standard discharge requirement are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a system and a method for treating perchlorate-containing wastewater.
Background
Perchlorate (ClO 4 -) is one of the major inorganic contaminants in the environment, mainly from military, agricultural and industrial production, used as a solid oxidizer for rockets, missiles, fireworks, etc., a fertilizer raw material, and an additive for leather, air bags, rubber, paint and lubricant production.
Perchlorate in the environment, particularly in water, poses a major threat to human health. Perchlorate is an endocrine disruptor, for example, which interferes with the utilization of iodine by thyroid glands after entering the human body, thereby reducing the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3, T4, and threatening the health of the human body, especially the threat to pregnant women and their fetuses and newborns.
Perchlorate has strong fluidity, low adsorptivity and high stability, and perchlorate-containing wastewater is difficult to be efficiently removed by conventional chemical precipitation or chemical reduction methods. At present, the perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment technology mainly comprises an activated carbon adsorption technology, an ion exchange technology, a membrane filtration technology, a catalytic reduction technology, a biological reduction technology and the like. However, the perchlorate is limited by the extremely high chemical stability, and the currently implemented perchlorate removal technology still has a series of technical problems that the perchlorate removal rate is low, the adsorption materials such as resin are difficult to desorb, the process flow is complex, the treatment time is long, and the like, which are needed to be optimized. In the industrial wastewater treatment practice, the equipment flushing wastewater in the firework industry is taken as an example, wherein the perchlorate concentration can reach more than 100mg/L, and the standard of the standard discharge of the perchlorate wastewater is required to be as low as 0.35mg/L, namely the perchlorate removal efficiency is required to reach more than 99.5%, but the existing perchlorate wastewater treatment technology can not completely meet the high-efficiency treatment requirement of the industrial wastewater containing the perchlorate with high concentration. Therefore, how to develop an effective wastewater treatment process for removing high-concentration perchlorate to meet the discharge requirement and improve the treatment efficiency is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the present invention is to address the technical problems existing in the prior art: the utility model provides a contain processing system of perchlorate waste water, including multistage preprocessing device, heat source generating device, biochemical treatment device and heat source recovery and discharging equipment, through this system treatment, the perchlorate removal rate in the waste water is up to more than 99.7%, gets rid of efficiently, satisfies perchlorate waste water treatment's efficiency requirement and discharge standard requirement to possess equipment structure simple, do not produce abandonment consumptive material, operation maintenance work load is low, waste water's discharge is few, ton water treatment cost low grade advantage.
The second object of the invention is: the method for treating the perchlorate-containing wastewater is characterized by realizing the removal of perchlorate through solid-liquid separation, heating precipitation, biochemical reaction, heat recovery and discharge.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system, the perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system comprising: the multistage pretreatment device is used for solid-liquid separation of the wastewater so as to remove solid impurities in the wastewater; the heat source generating device is positioned at the downstream of the multistage pretreatment device and is used for heating and precipitating the solid-liquid separation wastewater from the upstream so as to shorten the treatment time; the biochemical treatment device is positioned at the downstream of the heat source generation device and is used for carrying out biochemical reaction on the heating precipitation wastewater from the upstream so as to remove perchlorate in the wastewater; and the heat source recovery and discharge device is positioned at the downstream of the biochemical treatment device, and is used for recovering heat from the upstream purified wastewater and discharging the purified wastewater up to the standard, wherein the heat is recovered into the heat source generation device.
Further, multistage preprocessing device includes the cell body, and one side of cell body is equipped with the water inlet that is used for receiving waste water, and the opposite side of cell body is equipped with the delivery port that is used for discharging solid-liquid separation waste water, has arranged a plurality of sedimentation tanks side by side in the cell body, and a plurality of sedimentation tanks are the ladder setting, and two adjacent sedimentation tanks overflow each other and communicate.
Further, a waste water recycling outlet is arranged on the tank body close to the water outlet.
Further, the heat source generating device comprises a water source heat pump and a heating sedimentation tank which are arranged in series, the water source heat pump comprises a plurality of first heat exchangers which are arranged in series, the first heat exchanger at the head end is provided with a first liquid inlet for receiving the solid-liquid separation wastewater, the first heat exchanger at the tail end is provided with a first liquid outlet for discharging the preheating wastewater, the heating sedimentation tank comprises a second liquid inlet for receiving the preheating wastewater, a second liquid outlet for discharging the heating sedimentation wastewater and a plurality of first heaters which are arranged in the heating sedimentation tank, and the plurality of first heaters are positioned below the liquid level.
Further, the heat source recovery and discharge device comprises a heat energy recovery tank, a fourth liquid inlet for receiving purified wastewater and a fourth liquid outlet for discharging heat exchange standard-reaching wastewater are formed in the side portion of the heat energy recovery tank, a heat energy extractor is arranged in the heat energy recovery tank and located below the liquid level, the heat energy extractor is in circulating connection with the first heat exchanger through a refrigerant, the heat energy extractor and the purified wastewater of the heat energy recovery tank are in heat exchange relation so that heat of the purified wastewater is transferred to the refrigerant, and the refrigerant transfers the heat to the first heat exchanger so that the wastewater in the water source heat pump is heated.
Further, biochemical treatment device includes the jar body, the lateral part of jar body has the third feed liquor mouth that is used for receiving heating sediment waste water, be used for discharging the third leakage fluid dram of purifying waste water and be used for discharging the mud mouth of discharging mud, the mud mouth is located the below of third leakage fluid dram, the top of jar body is equipped with the medicament import that is used for receiving the medicament, the inside of jar body is equipped with blast aeration mechanism, dive agitator and a plurality of second heater, blast aeration mechanism includes the intake pipe that extends the setting along the axis downwards from jar body top and connects the aeration dish in the intake pipe bottom, dive agitator sets up the bottom at the jar body, a plurality of second heaters set up the inner wall at the jar body and lie in below the liquid level.
Further, still include the medicament and throw the feeding device, medicament and throw feeding device and biochemical treatment device fluid communication, medicament is thrown the feeding device and is included a plurality of dosing jars, is equipped with the agitator in the dosing jar, and the top of dosing jar is equipped with the measuring pump, and the measuring pump passes through pipeline and medicament access connection.
Further, the pharmaceutical agents include a combination pharmaceutical agent and PAC, and the combination pharmaceutical agent includes sodium acetate, ammonium chloride, and sodium phosphate.
Further, the upper part of the tank body is also provided with a thermometer, a liquid level meter and a sludge concentration meter.
The treatment method based on the perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system comprises the following steps: performing solid-liquid separation on the perchlorate-containing wastewater through a multistage pretreatment device to remove solid impurities in the wastewater, thereby obtaining solid-liquid separated wastewater; the wastewater after solid-liquid separation enters a heat source generating device to be preheated and heated for precipitation in sequence, so that the treatment time is shortened, and heated precipitation wastewater is obtained; heating the precipitated wastewater to enter a biochemical treatment device to sequentially perform anoxic stirring, blast aeration and standing precipitation so as to remove perchlorate in the wastewater and obtain purified wastewater; the purified wastewater enters a heat source recovery and discharge device to carry out heat recovery and discharge after reaching the standard, and the heat is recovered to a heat source generation device.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. The perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system comprises a multistage pretreatment device, a heat source generation device, a biochemical treatment device and a heat source recovery and discharge device, and through the system treatment, the perchlorate removal rate in wastewater is up to more than 99.7 percent (the concentration of effluent ClO 4 - is stably lower than 0.35 mg/L), the removal efficiency is high, the efficiency requirements of perchlorate wastewater treatment and standard discharge requirements are met, and the system has the advantages of simple equipment structure, no waste consumables, low operation and maintenance workload, low discharge amount of production wastewater, low ton water treatment cost and the like.
2. According to the multistage pretreatment device, the wastewater subjected to standing and precipitation treatment in the first sedimentation tank and the second sedimentation tank is pumped to the production workshop again through the reuse water pump to repeatedly carry out flushing operation, so that the wastewater subjected to secondary precipitation is reused in production, the reuse rate of production wastewater can be remarkably improved, the production amount and the treatment amount of the production wastewater are reduced, the size of production wastewater treatment equipment is reduced, and the investment of energy consumption and medicine consumption in the production wastewater treatment process is reduced, so that the aim of reducing the treatment cost of the production wastewater is fulfilled.
3. The biochemical treatment device can efficiently remove perchlorate under the condition of higher water temperature, and the heat source generating device and the heat source recycling and discharging device can effectively recycle and treat the residual heat energy in the effluent water, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing heating energy consumption. The purified water after the waste heat recovery of the heat source recovery and discharge device can be discharged at normal temperature, which is beneficial to eliminating the potential negative influence of high-temperature drainage on the surrounding water ecological system.
4. The biochemical treatment device adopts sequencing batch operation, can flexibly adjust the operation parameters and operation time sequence of the process and the duration of the anoxic stirring stage and the blast aeration stage according to the water quantity, the water quality and the water temperature of the wastewater of the production enterprises, and is suitable for the perchlorate wastewater treatment requirements of different enterprises. The heating and constant temperature in the reaction process can obviously improve the reaction rate and the perchlorate removal rate of the perchlorate biochemical reduction reaction, and achieve the good effects of shortening the operation duration of the process and ensuring the stable and standard reaching of the process treated effluent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system for treating perchlorate-containing wastewater according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multistage pretreatment device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the heat source generating device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a biochemical treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the heat source recovery and discharge device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the drug adding device of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of a perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system of the invention.
Wherein 1 is a multistage pretreatment device, 1a is multistage pretreatment, 101 is a tank body, 102 is a water inlet, 103 is a water outlet, 104 is a sedimentation tank, 105 is a wastewater recycling outlet, 106 is a liquid level meter, 2 is a heat source generating device, 2a is preheating, 2b is heating sedimentation, 201 is a water source heat pump, 201a is a first heat exchanger, 201b is a first liquid inlet, 201c is a first liquid outlet, 202 is a heating sedimentation tank, 202a is a second liquid inlet, 202b is a second liquid outlet, 202c is a first heater, 202d is a thermometer, 202e is a liquid level meter, 3 is a biochemical treatment device, 3a is a biochemical reaction, 301 is a tank body, 302 is a third liquid inlet, 303 is a third liquid outlet, 304 is a mud outlet, 305 is a medicament inlet, 306 is a blast aeration mechanism, 306a gas inlet, 306b is a disc, 307 is a submerged agitator, 308 is a second heater, 309 is an overflow port, 310 is a heat source, 312 is a thermometer, 312 is a temperature meter, 312 is a liquid level meter, 202e is a sludge level meter, 202e is a liquid level meter, 3 is a fourth liquid meter, 402 is a liquid discharge pump, 3 is a recycling device is a liquid pump, 404 is a recycling device, and 5 is a recycling tank, and 5 is a recycling device is a liquid heater, and 404 is a recycling device.
Detailed Description
The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be understood that when an element, component, and/or section is referred to as being "connected to" another element, component, and/or section, it can be directly connected to the other element, component, and/or section or intervening elements may be present. It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, and/or sections, these elements, components, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component or section from another element, component or section. Accordingly, a first element, component or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and/or the present specification and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
It should be appreciated that for clarity of illustration, the drawings herein are not drawn to scale and that the same or like reference numerals indicate the same or like parts or portions. Furthermore, it should be understood that any of the embodiments described herein and the technical features they include can be combined with one another.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system, the perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system comprising: a multistage pretreatment device 1, which is used for solid-liquid separation of wastewater to remove solid impurities in the wastewater; the heat source generating device 2 is positioned at the downstream of the multi-stage pretreatment device 1, and the solid-liquid separation wastewater from the upstream is heated and precipitated to shorten the treatment time; a biochemical treatment device 3, wherein the biochemical treatment device 3 is positioned at the downstream of the heat source generating device 2, and the heating precipitation wastewater from the upstream is subjected to biochemical reaction to remove perchlorate in the wastewater; and the heat source recovery and discharge device 4 is positioned at the downstream of the biochemical reaction device, and is used for recovering heat from the upstream purified wastewater and discharging the wastewater up to the standard, wherein the heat is recovered into the heat source generation device 2. The system also comprises an automatic control system, wherein the multi-stage pretreatment device 1, the heat source generation device 2, the biochemical treatment device 3 and the heat source recovery and discharge device 4 are respectively in communication connection with the automatic control system, and the automatic control system is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) program and is used for controlling the operation of each device, so that the system is fully automatically operated, and the degree of automation is high.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multistage pretreatment device 1 comprises a tank body 101, a water inlet 102 for receiving wastewater is formed in one side of the tank body 101, a water outlet 103 for discharging solid-liquid separation wastewater is formed in the other side of the tank body 101, a plurality of sedimentation tanks 104 are arranged side by side in the tank body 101, the sedimentation tanks 104 are arranged in a stepwise manner, and two adjacent sedimentation tanks 104 are in overflow communication with each other. The wastewater containing perchlorate mainly comes from wastewater generated after washing workshop equipment in the production process, is collected through a pipeline and automatically flows into the tank body 101, as shown in the figure, a first sedimentation tank and a second sedimentation tank are arranged left and right in the tank body 101, the first sedimentation tank and the second sedimentation tank are arranged in a stepped mode, the liquid level of the first sedimentation tank close to the water inlet 102 is higher than that of the second sedimentation tank close to the water outlet 103, after the wastewater enters the first sedimentation tank, the wastewater enters the second sedimentation tank in an overflow mode, the wastewater in the two sedimentation tanks 104 is subjected to solid-liquid separation through standing sedimentation, and therefore suspended matters such as sand and soil in the wastewater are settled to the bottom of the sedimentation tank 104, secondary sedimentation is achieved, and the wastewater can be discharged to the next process along with the wastewater from the water outlet 103 due to the fact that the perchlorate is soluble in water. The bottoms of the two sedimentation tanks 104 are of inclined plate structures, the gradient is 5-10 degrees, the bottoms of the two sedimentation tanks 104 are combined to form a funnel-shaped structure, and a sludge discharge pipe is arranged at the lowest part of the inclined plate and used for periodically discharging sediment at the bottom of the tank. Wherein the effective volume of the first sedimentation tank is set to be 30% -50% of the total daily-average wastewater, and the effective volume of the second sedimentation tank is set to be 50% -70% of the total daily-average wastewater. In addition, the number of the settling tanks 104 may be set as needed, for example, three, four, etc., to enhance the effect of solid-liquid separation. A pressure type liquid level meter 106 is arranged at the middle lower part of the second sedimentation tank and is used for monitoring the liquid level condition of the sedimentation tank.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a wastewater recycling outlet 105 is provided in the tank 101 near the water outlet 103. The waste water recycling outlet 105 is arranged at the middle lower part of the second sedimentation tank, the waste water recycling outlet 105 is connected with a recycling water pump, waste water subjected to standing sedimentation treatment in the first sedimentation tank and the second sedimentation tank is pumped to a production workshop again through the recycling water pump to repeatedly carry out flushing operation, so that the waste water subjected to secondary sedimentation can be recycled in production, the recycling rate of production waste water can be remarkably improved, the production and treatment amount of the production waste water can be reduced, the size of production waste water treatment equipment and the investment of energy consumption and medicine consumption in the production waste water treatment process can be reduced, and the purpose of reducing the treatment cost of the production waste water can be achieved. When the liquid level meter 106 triggers a low water level alarm, the operation of the reuse water pump and the water source heat pump 201 is stopped under the control of an automatic control system so as to avoid equipment damage.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the heat source generating device 2 includes a water source heat pump 201 and a heating sedimentation tank 202 which are disposed in series, the water source heat pump 201 includes a plurality of first heat exchangers 201a disposed in series, the water source heat pump 201 is configured to preheat the solid-liquid separation wastewater, the first heat exchanger 201a at the head end has a first liquid inlet 201b configured to receive the solid-liquid separation wastewater, the first heat exchanger 201a at the tail end has a first liquid outlet 201c configured to discharge the preheated wastewater, the heating sedimentation tank 202 includes a second liquid inlet 202a configured to receive the preheated wastewater, a second liquid outlet 202b configured to discharge the heating sedimentation wastewater, and a plurality of first heaters 202c disposed inside the heating sedimentation tank 202, and the plurality of first heaters 202c are located below the liquid surface.
Wherein, the water source heat pump 201 is selected according to the flow, and the flow calculation formula of the water source heat pump 201 is: the single batch processing water quantity (m 3) of the sequencing batch biochemical processing device is/is (the single batch processing time length (h) of the sequencing batch biochemical processing device is/is 2). As shown in the figure, the number of the first heat exchangers 201a is two, the two first heat exchangers 201a are arranged up and down and are connected with each other, one side of the lower first heat exchanger 201a is provided with a first liquid inlet 201b, the bottom of the lower first heat exchanger 201a is provided with a refrigerant inlet, the other side of the upper first heat exchanger 201a is provided with a first liquid outlet 201c, and waste water and the refrigerant 405 perform indirect heat exchange in the first heat exchanger 201 a. Thus, the water source heat pump 201 can preheat the wastewater by utilizing the waste heat, and then the wastewater enters the heating sedimentation tank 202 for secondary heating, so that the heat efficiency is high and the energy consumption is low. When the heat of the water source heat pump 201 is insufficient, the self-contained heating device of the water source heat pump 201 can be started, and auxiliary heating is performed by consuming electric energy.
Wherein, waste water is loaded in the heating sedimentation tank 202, two sloping plates are arranged at the bottom of the heating sedimentation tank 202, the two sloping plates are combined to form a funnel-shaped structure, and a sludge discharge pipe is arranged at the lowest part of the two sloping plates and used for regularly discharging sediment at the bottom of the tank. The outside of heating sedimentation tank 202 has the heat preservation, and the top of heating sedimentation tank 202 has the heat preservation apron, convenient maintenance. The number of the first heaters 202c is four, and the four first heaters 202c are disposed on both inner walls of the heating sedimentation tank 202 in pairs. An electrically controlled valve is also provided at the second drain port 202 b. The middle lower part of the heating sedimentation tank 202 is provided with a liquid level meter 202e for monitoring the liquid level of the heating sedimentation tank 202 and a thermometer 202d for monitoring the liquid level temperature of the heating sedimentation tank 202, and the thermometer 202d is in communication connection with an automatic control system to provide water temperature feedback, so that the temperature of wastewater entering the biochemical treatment device 3 is ensured to be controlled at 35-45 ℃. When the water level read by the liquid level meter 202e is lower, and the wastewater amount of the heating sedimentation tank 202 is smaller than the single batch processing water amount of the biochemical treatment device 3, the operation of the biochemical treatment device 3 is suspended by the automatic control system, and after the wastewater amount of the heating sedimentation tank 202 meets the operation requirement, the electric control valve is opened to convey the wastewater into the biochemical treatment device 3. The effective volume of the heated precipitation tank 202 was set to 50% of the total daily average wastewater. The waste water is preheated in the heating sedimentation tank 202, so that the heating time of the waste water in the biochemical treatment device 3 can be remarkably reduced, the temperature of the waste water is accelerated to be increased to the optimal reaction temperature, the overall hydraulic retention time of the waste water in the biochemical treatment stage can be effectively reduced, the size of production waste water treatment equipment is further reduced, and the waste water treatment cost is further reduced.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the heat source recovery and discharge device 4 includes a heat recovery tank 401, a fourth liquid inlet 402 for receiving purified wastewater and a fourth liquid outlet 403 for discharging heat exchange standard-reaching wastewater are provided at the side of the heat recovery tank 401, a heat energy extractor 404 is provided in the heat recovery tank 401, the heat energy extractor 404 is located below the liquid level, the heat energy extractor 404 is circularly connected with the first heat exchanger 201a through a refrigerant 405, the heat energy extractor 404 and the purified wastewater of the heat recovery tank 401 are in heat exchange relationship to enable heat of the purified wastewater to be transferred to the refrigerant 405, the refrigerant 405 transfers heat to the first heat exchanger 201a to heat the wastewater in the water source heat pump 201, the heat exchanged wastewater is discharged standard-reaching at normal temperature, and potential negative effects of high-temperature drainage on the surrounding water ecological system are eliminated. Wherein, the outside of heat recovery pond 401 has the heat preservation, and the top of heat recovery pond 401 has the heat preservation apron, convenient maintenance. The effective volume of the heat energy recovery tank 401 is consistent with the amount of wastewater processed by the biochemical treatment device 3 in a single batch. Because the purified wastewater from the biochemical treatment device 3 still has a certain amount of heat, the perchlorate can be effectively removed only under the condition of higher water temperature by the biochemical treatment device 3, the heat of the purified wastewater is recovered through the heat energy extractor 404, and the recovered heat is transferred to the water source heat pump 201 to preheat the wastewater, so that the recycling of waste heat is realized, and the purpose of reducing heating energy consumption is achieved.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the biochemical treatment device 3 comprises a tank 301, a third liquid inlet 302 for receiving heating precipitation wastewater, a third liquid outlet 303 for discharging purified wastewater and a sludge outlet 304 for discharging sludge are arranged on the side of the tank 301, the sludge outlet 304 is positioned below the third liquid outlet 303, a medicament inlet 305 for receiving medicament is arranged at the top of the tank 301, and a decanter or a water outlet valve is arranged at the interface of the third liquid outlet 303. The exterior of the can 301 has a thermal insulation layer. The inside of the tank 301 is provided with a blast aeration mechanism 306, a submersible stirrer 307 and a plurality of second heaters 308, the blast aeration mechanism 306 comprises an air inlet pipe 306a which is arranged at the top of the tank 301 in a downward extending way along an axis and an aeration disc 306b which is connected to the bottom of the air inlet pipe 306a, the air inlet pipe 306a and the aeration disc 306b are integrally formed, one end of the air inlet pipe 306a is connected with an external blower, the air is blown into the air inlet pipe 306a through the blower, and then the air is sprayed into the tank 301 through an outlet of the aeration disc 306b, so that the wastewater is subjected to aeration treatment. A submersible agitator 307 is provided at the bottom of the tank 301, and specifically, the submersible agitator 307 is a propeller that is provided outside the aeration disc 306 b. A plurality of second heaters 308 are provided on the inner wall of the tank 301 below the liquid surface, and specifically, a plurality of second heaters 308 are arranged side by side on the inner wall of the middle lower portion of the tank 301. Wherein, a water inlet pump is further disposed on the pipeline between the third liquid inlet 302 and the heating sedimentation tank 202. Wherein, the upper part of the tank 301 is also provided with an overflow port 309. The treatment scale of the biochemical treatment device 3 is about 115% -120% of the daily average production amount of the production wastewater, and the device has impact resistance and strong practicability.
The biochemical treatment device 3 is an SBR reaction tank, adopts sequencing batch operation, carries out biochemical reaction at a specific temperature, removes perchlorate by activated sludge, has an effective water depth of 3-5 m, a drainage ratio of 50%, a sludge concentration of 4500-5500mg/L, an aerobic stage DO of 3-4mg/L, a stirring power of ton water of more than 50W/ton, and a working time of a decanter of less than 30min. The single batch operation time length of the biochemical treatment device 3 is set to 8-12h, 2-3 batches are operated every day, and the single batch operation time sequence is as follows: 10-20min of water inlet, 360-480min of anoxic stirring, 30-90min of blast aeration, 40-50min of standing precipitation and 25-35min of water outlet. The second heater 308 is started in the water inlet stage, the anoxic stirring stage and the blast aeration stage, and rapid heating is realized by the regulation and control of an automatic control system, so that the temperature of the muddy water mixed solution in the tank 301 is kept between 34 and 38 ℃, and the second heater 308 is not started in the standing precipitation stage and the water outlet stage.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, a thermometer 311, a level gauge 310 and a sludge concentration gauge 312 are further provided at the upper portion of the tank 301. The thermometer 311 is used for monitoring the temperature of the wastewater in the tank 301, and the level gauge 310 is a floating ball type level gauge and is used for monitoring the level of the wastewater in the tank 301. The sludge concentration meter 312 is used for monitoring the sludge concentration in the tank 301, the sludge discharge port 304 is provided with an electric control valve, and an operator can operate the automatic control system according to the sludge concentration to open the electric control valve, so that the sludge at the bottom of the tank 301 is discharged from the sludge discharge port 304, and the sludge concentration is regulated. When the sludge concentration meter 312 detects that the sludge concentration is more than 5500mg/L in the anoxic stirring stage or the blast aeration stage, the electric control valve of the sludge discharge port 304 is started in the standing precipitation stage of the batch, and the opening time is about 30 seconds, so that the excessive sludge in the reactor is discharged.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the biochemical treatment device further comprises a chemical adding device 5, the chemical adding device 5 is in fluid communication with the biochemical treatment device 3, the chemical adding device 5 comprises a plurality of chemical adding tanks 501, a stirrer 502 is arranged in each chemical adding tank 501, a metering pump 503 is arranged at the top of each chemical adding tank 501, and the metering pump 503 is connected with the chemical inlet 305 through a pipeline. Because of the high concentration of perchlorate and suspended matter in the wastewater, but almost no organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances exist in the wastewater, the wastewater can not support the reduction reaction of microorganisms and maintain the self-metabolism proliferation without adding medicaments. Therefore, it is necessary to add a chemical to supply metabolism and reproduction of microorganisms, wherein the chemical types are mainly a complex chemical and PAC, which are respectively loaded in two chemical tanks 501, and two chemical inlets 305 are provided on the tank 301 correspondingly. The composite reagent is composed of a plurality of reagents, and is regulated according to the proportion of the concentration of the perchlorate of the inflow water and the like, under the reference of the concentration of the perchlorate of the inflow water of 100mg/L, the adding amount of the composite reagent is 1-1.5kg of pure anhydrous sodium acetate/m 3 waste water, 50g of pure ammonium chloride/m 3 waste water and 10g of pure sodium phosphate/m 3 waste water, and the reagents are synchronously added in the water inlet stage of the biochemical treatment device 3, so that the reagent can greatly promote the reduction rate of the perchlorate and simultaneously support the normal growth and proliferation of the activated sludge in the integrated reaction tank. The adding amount of PAC is 5-10g of pure polyaluminium chloride/m 3 wastewater, the pure polyaluminium chloride/m 3 wastewater is added in the last 5min of the aeration stage of the biochemical treatment device 3, the PAC is used for improving the precipitation rate of the precipitation stage of the biochemical treatment device 3, and other water quality indexes such as suspended matters, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and the like in the treated water are ensured to meet the emission requirement.
Wherein the first heater 202c and the second heater 308 are used for heating and maintaining the temperature of the wastewater. The first heater 202c and the second heater 308 refer to a general industrial liquid heating pipe, and the heating pipe cannot use a conventional stainless steel material, and an anti-corrosion coating heating pipe is required to prevent corrosion of chloride ions.
As shown in fig. 7, a treatment method based on the perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system described above includes the steps of:
Multistage pretreatment 1 a: performing solid-liquid separation on the perchlorate-containing wastewater by a multistage pretreatment device 1 to remove solid impurities in the wastewater, thereby obtaining solid-liquid separated wastewater; specifically, the wastewater containing perchlorate (the average concentration of the perchlorate is 100 mg/L) automatically flows into a first sedimentation tank through a collecting pipeline, and after the first sedimentation tank is full of water, the wastewater enters a second sedimentation tank through an overflow mode. The wastewater recycling outlet 105 of the second sedimentation tank is connected with a recycling water pump, and the wastewater in the recycling tank washes equipment so as to improve the wastewater recycling rate, reduce the use amount of fresh water and increase the concentration of perchlorate in the wastewater.
Preheating 2a and heating precipitation 2b steps: the wastewater after solid-liquid separation enters a heat source generating device 2 to be preheated, secondarily heated and precipitated in sequence, so that the treatment time is shortened, and heated precipitation wastewater is obtained; the water source heat pump 201 can preheat the wastewater by utilizing the waste heat, and then the wastewater enters the heating sedimentation tank 202 for secondary heating.
Step 3a of biochemical reaction: the heated and precipitated wastewater enters a biochemical treatment device 3 to be subjected to anoxic stirring, blast aeration and standing precipitation in sequence so as to remove perchlorate in the wastewater, thereby obtaining purified wastewater.
And 5a, adding a medicament: the chemical is pumped into the biochemical reaction device through the chemical adding device 5, so that the chemical reacts with the wastewater to support the reduction reaction of the microorganism and maintain the self metabolic proliferation.
And 4a, heat source recovery and discharge 4 a: the purified wastewater enters a heat source recovery and discharge device 4 to carry out heat recovery and discharge after reaching the standard, and the heat is recovered to a heat source generating device 2.
Example 1
The production wastewater of a certain firework and cracker enterprise mainly comprises perchlorate-containing wastewater generated by washing rooms and equipment, and the actual production amount of the production wastewater is 10m 3/d.
The water quantity is characterized in that: and flushing workshops and equipment after the production task is completed on the same day according to the enterprise production plan, and discharging flushing wastewater at fixed time and in a concentrated manner. The water quality is characterized in that: the content of conventional pollutants such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like is low, and the concentration of characteristic pollutant perchlorate is high.
The system is used for treating the wastewater containing perchlorate, and the water quality of inlet water and outlet water is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
According to the actual measured inflow water quality and the effluent standard discharge requirement, key technical parameters of the production wastewater treatment system of the firework and firecracker enterprise are set as follows:
Key technical parameters of the multistage pretreatment device: in the embodiment, two sedimentation tanks are adopted, the effective volume of the first sedimentation tank is 5m 3, the effective volume of the second sedimentation tank is 7m 3, and a pressure type liquid level meter is arranged in the second sedimentation tank.
Key technical parameters of the heat source generating device: the effective volume of the heating sedimentation tank is 4m 3. Two first heaters are arranged in the heating sedimentation tank, the power is 20kW, a pressure type liquid level meter and a thermometer are arranged in the tank, the first heaters are started to heat 4 hours before the water inlet stage of the biochemical treatment device starts, and the wastewater in the heating sedimentation tank is heated to 40 ℃. The pipeline between the heating sedimentation tank and the biochemical treatment device is provided with a pipeline pump and an electric valve, the flow rate of the pipeline pump is 20m 3/h, the pipeline pump is started in the water inlet stage of the biochemical treatment device, and the water inlet time is 15min. The model selection parameter of the water source heat pump is treated water quantity=4m 3 (single batch treated water quantity of the sequencing batch biochemical treatment device)/4 h (single batch treatment time length (h)/(2) =1m 3/h of the sequencing batch biochemical treatment device).
Key technical parameters of the biochemical treatment device: in the embodiment, a sequencing batch activated sludge process is adopted, the operation time of a single batch is set to be 8 hours, and 3 batches are operated daily. The single batch operation time sequence is as follows: 15min in the water inlet stage, 360min in the anoxic stirring stage, 30min in the blast aeration stage, 45min in the standing precipitation stage and 30min in the water outlet stage. Volume of the tank and process operating parameters: the effective volume is 8m 3, the single-batch water treatment amount is 4m 3, the water discharge ratio is 50%, the sludge concentration is controlled to 4500-5500mg/L, the DO in the aerobic stage is 3-4mg/L, the DO in the anoxic stirring stage is less than 0.2mg/L, the stirring power of ton water is more than 50W/ton, and the working time of a decanter is less than 30min.
Temperature regulation of biochemical treatment device: four second heaters are arranged in the tank body, the power is 20kW, the second heaters are monitored by a thermometer, the second heaters are started in a water inlet stage, an anoxic stirring stage and an air blast aeration stage, the rapid heating is realized through the regulation and control of an automatic control system, the temperature of the muddy water mixed solution in the tank body is kept at 35+/-1 ℃, and the second heaters are not started in a standing precipitation stage and a water outlet stage.
Sludge discharge treatment of a biochemical treatment device: the tank body is internally provided with a sludge concentration meter, when the sludge concentration meter detects that the sludge concentration is more than 5500mg/L in an anoxic stirring stage or a blast aeration stage, an electric control valve of a sludge discharge port is started in a standing precipitation stage of the batch, and the opening time is about 30s so as to discharge excessive sludge in the reactor.
Key technical parameters of the medicament adding device: two dosing tanks are configured, and a composite medicament and PAC are respectively loaded, wherein the dosage of the composite medicament is 1-1.5kg of pure anhydrous sodium acetate/m 3 waste water, 50g of pure ammonium chloride/m 3 waste water and 10g of pure sodium phosphate/m 3 waste water, and the dosing is synchronous during the water inlet stage of the biochemical treatment device. The addition amount of PAC is 5-10g of pure polyaluminium chloride/m 3 waste water, and the PAC is added in the last 5min of the aeration stage of the biochemical treatment device.
Key technical parameters of the heat source recovery and discharge device: the effective volume of the heat energy recovery tank is 4m 3 respectively, an electric control valve for draining is arranged at the water outlet of the heat energy recovery tank, a heat energy extractor is arranged in the tank, waste heat in purified wastewater of the biochemical treatment device is subjected to heat energy extraction through the heat energy extractor, and finally water is discharged after reaching the standard at normal temperature.
The wastewater treatment process of this embodiment is:
the method comprises the steps that wastewater containing perchlorate (the average concentration of the perchlorate is 100 mg/L) of a firework and cracker production enterprise automatically flows into a first sedimentation tank through a collecting pipeline, and after the first sedimentation tank is full of water, the wastewater enters a second sedimentation tank through an overflow mode;
The wastewater recycling outlet of the second sedimentation tank is connected with a recycling water pump, and the wastewater in the recycling tank washes equipment so as to improve the wastewater recycling rate, reduce the use amount of fresh water and increase the concentration of perchlorate in the wastewater.
After finishing water inflow of the subsequent biochemical treatment device, the water source heat pump pumps water from the second sedimentation tank at the flow rate of 1m 3/h, and the water is preheated by the water source heat pump and then sent into the heating sedimentation tank until the water quantity in the heating sedimentation tank reaches the effective volume, and the duration of the process is about 4h.
After the amount of water in the heated precipitation tank reaches its effective volume, the first heater is started to heat and maintain the wastewater at 40 ℃.
The biochemical treatment device comprises a water inlet stage, an anoxic stirring stage, a blast aeration stage, a standing precipitation stage and a water outlet stage. In the water inlet stage, an electric control valve and a pipeline pump between the heating sedimentation tank and the biochemical treatment device are started, the wastewater in the heating sedimentation tank is conveyed to the biochemical treatment device until the effective volume of the wastewater is reached, the water inlet is completed, the water inlet amount is about 4m 3, the duration is about 15min, and meanwhile, the compound medicament is added; in the anoxic stirring stage, the submersible stirrer is started for 360min, and anoxic stirring is carried out; in the blasting aeration stage, starting an air blower to charge air for 30min, and adding PAC medicament; standing for 45min for precipitation; and in the water outlet stage, starting the decanter for 30min to obtain purified wastewater.
Wherein, in the stage of intaking, anoxic stirring stage and aeration stage of biochemical treatment device, start the internal second heater of jar, through the regulation and control of autonomous system, realize rapid heating, keep the internal muddy water mixture's of jar temperature at 35+ -1 ℃. The purified wastewater treated by the biochemical treatment device is discharged from the third liquid outlet to the heat source recovery and discharge device, the perchlorate concentration of the discharged water is stably lower than 0.1mg/L, and the water temperature of the discharged water is about 25-30 ℃.
And (3) carrying out residual temperature recovery on the purified wastewater in the heat energy recovery tank through a heat energy extractor, wherein the working time is 7.5h, the water temperature is reduced to 5-20 ℃, at the moment, the electric control valve of the fourth liquid outlet is opened for 15min, the normal-temperature treated effluent is discharged, and finally, the electric control valve is closed, so that the standard treatment of the wastewater is realized.
In summary, through verification of the embodiment, in the scheme of the invention, the optimal reaction temperature of biochemical treatment is 34-36 ℃, the anoxic stirring time is more than or equal to 6 hours, the anoxic stirring power is more than 50 w/ton of water, and the optimal proportion and types of the composite medicament are as follows: the adding amount is 1-1.5kg of pure anhydrous sodium acetate/m 3 waste water, 50g of pure ammonium chloride/m 3 waste water and 10g of pure sodium phosphate/m 3 waste water. Through the regulation and control of the system and the parameters, the removal rate of perchlorate in wastewater is up to 99.7 percent. Conversely, if the system and parameter requirements are not met, the perchlorate removal rate is directly reduced from more than 99.7% to less than 20%, resulting in complete process failure.
In general, the perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system comprises a multistage pretreatment device, a heat source generation device, a biochemical treatment device and a heat source recovery and discharge device, and through the system treatment, the perchlorate removal rate in wastewater is up to more than 99.7 percent (the concentration of effluent ClO 4 - is stably lower than 0.35 mg/L), the removal efficiency is high, the efficiency requirements and standard discharge requirements of perchlorate wastewater treatment are met, and the system has the advantages of simple equipment structure, no waste consumables, low operation and maintenance workload, low discharge amount of production wastewater, low ton water treatment cost and the like. According to the multistage pretreatment device, the wastewater subjected to standing and precipitation treatment in the first sedimentation tank and the second sedimentation tank is pumped to the production workshop again through the reuse water pump to repeatedly carry out flushing operation, so that the wastewater subjected to secondary precipitation is reused in production, the reuse rate of production wastewater can be remarkably improved, the production amount and the treatment amount of the production wastewater are reduced, the size of production wastewater treatment equipment is reduced, and the investment of energy consumption and medicine consumption in the production wastewater treatment process is reduced, so that the aim of reducing the treatment cost of the production wastewater is fulfilled. The biochemical treatment device can efficiently remove perchlorate under the condition of higher water temperature, and the heat source generating device and the heat source recycling and discharging device can effectively recycle and treat the residual heat energy in the effluent water, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing heating energy consumption. The purified water after the waste heat recovery of the heat source recovery and discharge device can be discharged at normal temperature, which is beneficial to eliminating the potential negative influence of high-temperature drainage on the surrounding water ecological system. The biochemical treatment device adopts sequencing batch operation, can flexibly adjust the operation parameters and operation time sequence of the process and the duration of the anoxic stirring stage and the blast aeration stage according to the water quantity, the water quality and the water temperature of the wastewater of the production enterprises, and is suitable for the perchlorate wastewater treatment requirements of different enterprises. The heating and constant temperature in the reaction process can obviously improve the reaction rate and the perchlorate removal rate of the perchlorate biochemical reduction reaction, and achieve the good effects of shortening the operation duration of the process and ensuring the stable and standard reaching of the process treated effluent.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system, the perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system comprising:
the multistage pretreatment device is used for solid-liquid separation of the wastewater so as to remove solid impurities in the wastewater;
The heat source generating device is positioned at the downstream of the multistage pretreatment device and is used for heating and precipitating the solid-liquid separation wastewater from the upstream so as to shorten the treatment time;
the biochemical treatment device is positioned at the downstream of the heat source generation device and is used for carrying out biochemical reaction on the heating precipitation wastewater from the upstream so as to remove perchlorate in the wastewater;
And the heat source recovery and discharge device is positioned at the downstream of the biochemical treatment device, and is used for recovering heat from the upstream purified wastewater and discharging the purified wastewater up to the standard, wherein the heat is recovered into the heat source generation device.
2. The perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the multistage pretreatment device comprises a tank body, a water inlet for receiving wastewater is formed in one side of the tank body, a water outlet for discharging solid-liquid separation wastewater is formed in the other side of the tank body, a plurality of sedimentation tanks are arranged side by side in the tank body, the sedimentation tanks are arranged in a stepwise manner, and two adjacent sedimentation tanks are in overflow communication with each other.
3. The perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system of claim 2, wherein a wastewater recycling outlet is provided on the tank body near the water outlet.
4. The perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system of claim 1 wherein the heat source generating means comprises a water source heat pump and a heated precipitation tank disposed in series, the water source heat pump comprising a plurality of first heat exchangers disposed in series, the first heat exchanger at the head end having a first liquid inlet for receiving the solid-liquid separated wastewater, the first heat exchanger at the tail end having a first liquid outlet for discharging preheated wastewater, the heated precipitation tank comprising a second liquid inlet for receiving preheated wastewater, a second liquid outlet for discharging heated precipitation wastewater, and a plurality of first heaters disposed within the heated precipitation tank, the plurality of first heaters being positioned below the liquid level.
5. The perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system of claim 4 wherein the heat source recovery and discharge means comprises a heat recovery tank having a fourth inlet for receiving purified wastewater and a fourth outlet for discharging heat exchanged wastewater, a heat extractor disposed within the heat recovery tank, the heat extractor being positioned below the liquid level, the heat extractor being in heat exchange relationship with the purified wastewater of the heat recovery tank to transfer heat from the purified wastewater to the refrigerant, the refrigerant transferring heat to the first heat exchanger to heat the wastewater in the water source heat pump.
6. The perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the biochemical treatment device comprises a tank body, a third liquid inlet for receiving heated precipitated wastewater, a third liquid outlet for discharging purified wastewater and a sludge discharge outlet for discharging sludge are arranged on the side portion of the tank body, the sludge discharge outlet is positioned below the third liquid outlet, a medicament inlet for receiving medicament is arranged on the top portion of the tank body, a blast aeration mechanism, a submersible stirrer and a plurality of second heaters are arranged in the tank body, the blast aeration mechanism comprises an air inlet pipe and an aeration disc, the air inlet pipe extends downwards along an axis from the top portion of the tank body, the aeration disc is connected to the bottom portion of the air inlet pipe, the submersible stirrer is arranged at the bottom portion of the tank body, and the plurality of second heaters are arranged on the inner wall of the tank body and are positioned below the liquid level.
7. The perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system of claim 6, further comprising a reagent dosing device in fluid communication with the biochemical treatment device, the reagent dosing device comprising a plurality of reagent tanks, a stirrer disposed in the reagent tanks, a metering pump disposed at the top of the reagent tanks, the metering pump being connected to the reagent inlet via a pipeline.
8. The perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system of claim 7 wherein the agents comprise a combination agent and PAC and wherein the combination agent comprises sodium acetate, ammonium chloride and sodium phosphate.
9. The perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system of claim 6, wherein the upper portion of the tank is further provided with a thermometer, a level gauge and a sludge concentration gauge.
10. A treatment method based on the perchlorate-containing wastewater treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
performing solid-liquid separation on the perchlorate-containing wastewater through a multistage pretreatment device to remove solid impurities in the wastewater, thereby obtaining solid-liquid separated wastewater;
The wastewater after solid-liquid separation enters a heat source generating device to be preheated and heated for precipitation in sequence, so that the treatment time is shortened, and heated precipitation wastewater is obtained;
Heating the precipitated wastewater to enter a biochemical treatment device to sequentially perform anoxic stirring, blast aeration and standing precipitation so as to remove perchlorate in the wastewater and obtain purified wastewater;
the purified wastewater enters a heat source recovery and discharge device to carry out heat recovery and discharge after reaching the standard, and the heat is recovered to a heat source generation device.
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