CN1182038C - Synthesis process of nanostring and nanopowder of RE hydroxide or oxide - Google Patents
Synthesis process of nanostring and nanopowder of RE hydroxide or oxide Download PDFInfo
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- CN1182038C CN1182038C CNB021308470A CN02130847A CN1182038C CN 1182038 C CN1182038 C CN 1182038C CN B021308470 A CNB021308470 A CN B021308470A CN 02130847 A CN02130847 A CN 02130847A CN 1182038 C CN1182038 C CN 1182038C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing nanometer rare earth hydroxide or nanometer oxide wires, and nanometer powder. The method comprises the following steps of dissolving rare earth oxides as raw materials by concentrated nitric acid, titrating potassium hydroxide, enabling the dissolved rare earth oxide and the potassium hydroxide to take part in hydrothermal reactions at a temperature of 100 to 250 DEG C in a hermetic reactor to synthesize one-dimensional monocrystal nanometer wires of rare earth hydroxide, controlling a temperature to 400 to 500 DEG C, preparing the nanometer wires of corresponding rare earth oxides through anneal by using the hydroxide as precursors, calcining the hydroxide at a certain temperature to prepare the nanometer powder of the corresponding rare earth oxides, and preparing composite nanometer rare earth hydroxide and oxide wires and nanometer powder by doping a definite amount of other kinds of rare earth elements. The method with simple process and low cost can realize large-scale industrialization preparation; meanwhile, since the nanometer powder has large specific surface area, and the nanometer wires have special properties, such as aeolotropism, etc., the present invention is probable to be widely applied to the fields of magnetism, optics, etc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for synthesizing rare earth compounds, in particular to a method for synthesizing rare earth hydroxide or oxide nanowires and nanoparticles thereof, belonging to the technical field of inorganic chemical industry.
Background
Due to the unique optical and magnetic properties, the rare earth compound is widely applied to the fields of displays, catalysis, biological probes and the like. The existing method for synthesizing rare earth compounds is limited to generating bulk materials. At present, the research at home and abroad focuses on the preparation of Nano-particles of oxides (Y.Hasegawa et al Angew. Chem. int.Ed.2002, 41, 2073.), fluorides (J.W.Stouwdam et al, Nano Lett, 2002, 7, 733) and lanthanide metal organic compounds (M.C.Cassani et al, J.Organomet.chem, 2002, 647, 71.) and the like, and the inventor reports the preparation of sulfur oxide rare earth Nano-crystals (Y.D.Li et al, Inorg Chem, 2000, 39, 3418.) by a solvothermal method in the American inorganic chemistry journal in 2000, and no report about the preparation method of rare earth hydroxides or oxide Nano-wires and Nano-powders thereof exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for synthesizing rare earth hydroxide or oxide nanowires and nano powder thereof, which can synthesize a large amount of rare earth hydroxide, oxide nanowires and nano powder by adopting cheap and easily-obtained raw materials under the condition of lower temperature.
The invention provides a method for synthesizing rare earth hydroxide nanowires, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving rare earth oxide with concentrated nitric acid, titrating with potassium hydroxide, and controlling pH to be more than 7 to generate white jelly;
(2) transferring the jelly into quantitative deionized water, and controlling the concentration of rare earth ions to be 0.01-0.05 mol/l;
(3) and then putting the mixture into a closed container for hydrothermal reaction, and reacting for 8-24 hours at the temperature of 100-250 ℃ to prepare the rare earth hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowire.
The invention provides a method for synthesizing rare earth oxide nanowires, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving rare earth oxide with concentrated nitric acid, titrating with potassium hydroxide, and controlling pH to be more than 7 to generate white jelly;
(2) transferring the generated jelly into a certain amount of deionized water, and controlling the concentration of rare earth ions to be 0.01-0.05 mol/l;
(3) then putting the mixture into a closed container for hydrothermal reaction, and reacting for 8-24 hours at the temperature of 100-250 ℃ to prepare the rare earth hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowire;
(4) and raising the temperature of the hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowire to 400-500 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of less than 200 ℃/hour, and annealing for 2-6 hours to prepare the rare earth oxide nanowire.
The invention also provides a method for synthesizing the rare earth oxide nano powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving rare earth oxide with concentrated nitric acid, titrating with potassium hydroxide, and controlling pH to be more than 7 to generate white jelly;
(2) transferring the jelly into quantitative deionized water, and controlling the concentration of rare earth ions to be 0.01-0.05 mol/l; (3) then putting the mixture into a closed container for hydrothermal reaction, and reacting for 8-24 hours at the temperature of 100-250 ℃ to prepare the rare earth hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowire;
(3) and directly feeding the hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowire into a reaction furnace at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ to calcine for 0.5-2 hours, thus preparing the corresponding rare earth oxide nano powder.
In the preparation process of the rare earth hydroxide, the rare earth oxide and one or more other rare earth oxides are co-dissolved, and then the operation is carried out under the same conditions according to the steps, so that the corresponding composite rare earth hydroxide or oxide nano-wire and the composite nano-powder thereof can be respectively prepared.
The invention adopts rare earth oxide, nitric acid and potassium hydroxide as raw materials, and adopts the same experimental device to prepare various rare earth hydroxide or oxide single crystal nano wires and compound rare earth hydroxide or oxide nano wires and oxide nano powder for the first time. The method has simple process and low cost, and can realize large-scale industrial preparation; meanwhile, the nano powder has large specific surface area, and the nano wire has special properties such as anisotropy and the like, so that the nano powder is expected to be widely applied to the fields of magnetism, optics and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of lanthanum hydroxide nanowires.
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of lanthanum hydroxide single crystal line.
Fig. 3 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of lanthanum oxide nanowires.
Figure 4 is a TEM micrograph of lanthanum oxide nanowires (400 ℃ anneal).
FIG. 5 is X-ray diffraction analysis (800 ℃ annealing for 2 hours) of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles.
Fig. 6 is a TEM electron microscopy of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles.
Figure 7 is a TEM electron microscopy of samarium hydroxide nanowires.
FIG. 8 is a TEM micrograph of gadolinium hydroxide nanowires.
FIG. 9 is a TEM micrograph of europium doped gadolinium hydroxide nanowires.
FIG. 10 is a TEM micrograph of europium-doped gadolinium oxide nanowires (europium-doped gadolinium hydroxide nanowires annealed at 400 ℃).
Figure 11 is a TEM electron microscopy image of praseodymium hydroxide nanowires.
Fig. 12 is a TEM electron microscopy image of holmium hydroxide nanowires.
Detailed Description
The rare earth oxide referred to in the invention comprises lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide, dysprosium oxide, terbium oxide, holmium oxide, erbium oxide, thulium oxide and ytterbium oxide.
The reaction process of the invention is as follows:
the following examples are presented to provide a further understanding of the invention.
Example 1:
0.001mol of analytically pure lanthanum oxide is weighed and placed in a 40ml stainless steel pressure-resistant reaction kettle, dissolved by a small amount of concentrated nitric acid, and then the pH value is rapidly adjusted to 13 by 20 percent concentrated potassium hydroxide solution, and then deionized water is added to react for 12 hours at 180 ℃ in a closed reaction kettle. Then cooling to room temperature, opening the reaction kettle, pumping through a cloth type funnel, and washing with deionized water to obtain white powder. The product is identified as hexagonal phase lanthanum hydroxide by X-ray powder diffraction; detecting the product appearance by a TEM (transmission electron microscope): the diameter is 10-20 nm and the length is 2.5-4.0 μm. The electron diffraction of the single nanowire proves that the product is single crystal. Under the same condition, the reaction temperature is controlled at 100, 120, 160, 200 and 250 ℃, lanthanum hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowires can be obtained within 8-24 hours of reaction time, the obtained lanthanum hydroxide single crystal nanowires are heated to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 200 ℃/hour and annealed for 4 hours to obtain lanthanum oxide nanowires, another rare earth oxide is added in the process of preparing the lanthanum hydroxide single crystal nanowires to be co-dissolved with the lanthanum oxide nanowires, then potassium hydroxide is used for co-precipitation, and rare earth doped composite lanthanum hydroxide and lanthanum oxide nanowires can be prepared under the same reaction condition. Lanthanum hydroxide nano-wires are taken as precursors and directly sent into a muffle furnace with the temperature set at 800 ℃ to be calcined for 1 hour, so that lanthanum oxide nano-powder can be prepared.
Example 2:
weighing 0.0015mol of analytically pure samarium oxide, placing the analytically pure samarium oxide in a 40ml stainless steel pressure-resistant reaction kettle, dissolving the samarium oxide by using a small amount of concentrated nitric acid, quickly adjusting the pH value to 9 by using 10% concentrated potassium hydroxide solution, adding deionized water, and reacting for 24 hours at 100 ℃ in a closed reaction kettle. Then cooling to room temperature, opening the reaction kettle, pumping through a cloth type funnel, and washing with deionized water to obtain white powder. The product is identified as hexagonal phase samarium hydroxide by X-ray powder diffraction; detecting the product appearance by a TEM (transmission electron microscope): the diameter is 10-20 nm and the length is 2.5-4.0 μm. The electron diffraction of the single nanowire proves that the product is single crystal. Under the same condition, controlling the reaction temperature at 120 ℃, 160 ℃, 180 ℃, 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, and obtaining the samarium hydroxide one-dimensional single-crystal nanowire within 8-24 hours of reaction time, and raising the temperature of the obtained samarium hydroxide single-crystal nanowire to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/hour for annealing for 3 hours to obtain the samarium oxide nanowire; the samarium hydroxide nano-wires are directly sent into a muffle furnace with the temperature set at 900 ℃ for pyrolysis for 2 hours, and the samarium oxide nano-particles can be prepared. In the process of preparing single crystal line of samarium hydroxide, another rare earth oxide is co-dissolved with the single crystal line of samarium hydroxide, and then the single crystal line of samarium hydroxide is co-precipitated by potassium hydroxide, thus preparing rare earth doped composite samarium hydroxide, and nano-wire and nano-powder of samarium oxide.
Example 3:
0.0005mol of analytically pure gadolinium oxide is weighed and placed in a 40ml stainless steel pressure-resistant reaction kettle, dissolved by a small amount of concentrated nitric acid, rapidly adjusted to a pH value of 14 by a 20% concentrated potassium hydroxide solution, and then added with deionized water to react for 15 hours at 180 ℃ in a closed reaction kettle. Then cooling to room temperature, opening the reaction kettle, pumping through a cloth type funnel, and washing with deionized water to obtain white powder. The product is identified as hexagonal phase gadolinium hydroxide by X-ray powder diffraction; detecting the product appearance by a TEM (transmission electron microscope): the diameter is 10-20 nm and the length is 2.5-3.0 μm. The electron diffraction of the single nanowire proves that the product is single crystal. Under the same condition, controlling the reaction temperature at 100, 120, 160, 200 and 250 ℃, obtaining gadolinium hydroxide one-dimensional monocrystal nanowire within 8-24 hours of reaction time, raising the temperature of the obtained gadolinium hydroxide monocrystal nanowire to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/hour, and annealing for 5 hours to obtain gadolinium oxide nanowire; the gadolinium hydroxide nanowires are directly sent into a muffle furnace with the temperature set at 1000 ℃ for pyrolysis for 1.5 hours, and then the gadolinium oxide nanoparticles can be prepared. In the process of preparing the gadolinium hydroxide single crystal wire, another rare earth oxide is co-dissolved with the gadolinium hydroxide single crystal wire, then potassium hydroxide is used for co-precipitation, and the reaction steps are carried out to prepare the rare earth doped composite gadolinium hydroxide and gadolinium oxide nano-wire and corresponding composite nano-powder.
Example 4:
0.001mol of analytically pure praseodymium oxide is weighed and placed in a 40ml stainless steel pressure-resistant reaction kettle, dissolved by a small amount of concentrated nitric acid, added with potassium hydroxide and deionized water to ensure that the final concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 10mol/l (strong basicity), and the reaction kettle is sealed and reacts for 8 hours at 250 ℃. Then cooling to room temperature, opening the reaction kettle, pumping through a cloth type funnel, and washing with deionized water to obtain white powder. The product is identified as hexagonal phase praseodymium hydroxide through X-ray powder diffraction; detecting the product appearance by a TEM (transmission electron microscope): the diameter is 10-20 nm and the length is 2.5-4.0 μm. The electron diffraction of the single nanowire proves that the product is single crystal. Under the same condition, controlling the reaction temperature at 100, 120, 160, 180 and 200, and obtaining praseodymium hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowires within 8-24 hours of reaction time, and annealing the obtained praseodymium hydroxide single crystal wires at the temperature rising speed of 200 ℃/hour to 400 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain praseodymium oxide nanowires; and (3) directly feeding the praseodymium hydroxide nano-wires into a muffle furnace with the temperature set at 900 ℃ for pyrolysis for 0.5 hour to prepare the praseodymium oxide nano-particles. In the process of preparing the praseodymium hydroxide single crystal wire, the other rare earth oxide is co-dissolved with the praseodymium hydroxide single crystal wire, and then the potassium hydroxide is co-precipitated, so that the rare earth doped composite praseodymium hydroxide andpraseodymium oxide nano wire can be prepared.
Example 5:
0.002mol of analytically pure holmium oxide is weighed and placed in a 40ml stainless steel pressure-resistant reaction kettle, dissolved by a small amount of concentrated nitric acid, rapidly adjusted by 20 percent concentrated potassium hydroxide solution until the concentration of potassium hydroxide is 1mol/l (strong basicity), and then added with deionized water to react for 18 hours in a closed reaction kettle at 120 ℃. Then cooling to room temperature, opening the reaction kettle, pumping through a cloth type funnel, and washing with deionized water to obtain white powder. The product is identified as hexagonal phase holmium hydroxide by X-ray powder diffraction; detecting the product appearance by a TEM (transmission electron microscope): the diameter is about 10 nm and the length is 100-500 nm. The electron diffraction of the single nanowire proves that the product is single crystal. Under the same condition, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 100, 160, 180, 200 and 250 ℃, holmium hydroxide one-dimensional monocrystalline nano-wires can be obtained, the obtained holmium hydroxide monocrystalline wires are heated to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 150 ℃/hour for annealing for 2 hours, and holmium oxide nano-wires can be obtained; the holmium hydroxide nanowires are directly fed into a muffle furnace with the temperature set at 1000 ℃ for pyrolysis for 2 hours, and holmium oxide nanoparticles can be prepared. In the process of preparing the holmium hydroxide single crystal line, the other rare earth oxide is co-dissolved with the holmium hydroxide single crystal line, and then the holmium hydroxide is co-precipitated to prepare the rare earth doped composite holmium hydroxide and holmium oxide nano line.
Claims (7)
1. A method forsynthesizing rare earth hydroxide nanowires is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dissolving rare earth oxide with concentrated nitric acid, titrating with potassium hydroxide, and controlling pH to be more than 7 to generate white jelly;
(2) transferring the jelly into quantitative deionized water, and controlling the concentration of rare earth ions to be 0.01-0.05 mol/l;
(3) and then putting the mixture into a closed container for hydrothermal reaction, and reacting for 8-24 hours at the temperature of 100-250 ℃ to prepare the rare earth hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowire.
2. The method for synthesizing rare earth hydroxide nanowires according to claim 1, wherein: the rare earth oxide is any one of lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide, dysprosium oxide, terbium oxide, holmium oxide, erbium oxide, thulium oxide and ytterbium oxide.
3. The method for synthesizing rare earth hydroxide nanowires according to claim 1, wherein: adding one or more other rare earth oxides in the step (1) and dissolving the oxides together to obtain the corresponding composite rare earth hydroxide nanowire.
4. A method for synthesizing rare earth oxide nanowires is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) synthesizing rare earth hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowires in steps 1 to 3 of the method according to claim 1;
(2) and raising the temperature of the hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowire to 400-500 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of less than 200 ℃/hour, and annealing for 2-6 hours to prepare the rare earth oxide nanowire.
5. The method for synthesizing rare earth oxide nanowires according to claim 4, wherein: adding one or more rare earth oxides into the step (1) and dissolving the rare earth oxides together to obtain the corresponding composite rare earth oxide nanowire.
6. A method for synthesizing rare earth oxide nano powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) synthesizing rare earth hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowires according to the method of claim 1, steps 1-3;
(2) and directly feeding the hydroxide one-dimensional single crystal nanowire into a reaction furnace at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ to calcine for 0.5-2 hours, thus preparing the corresponding rare earth oxide nano powder.
7. The method for synthesizing a rare earth oxide nanopowder according to claim 6, wherein: adding one or more other rare earth oxides in the step (1) and dissolving the rare earth oxides together to obtain the corresponding composite rare earth oxide nano powder.
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