CN118184609A - Method for continuously preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose by adsorption method - Google Patents

Method for continuously preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose by adsorption method Download PDF

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CN118184609A
CN118184609A CN202211599132.1A CN202211599132A CN118184609A CN 118184609 A CN118184609 A CN 118184609A CN 202211599132 A CN202211599132 A CN 202211599132A CN 118184609 A CN118184609 A CN 118184609A
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cellulose
hydroxymethylfurfural
reaction
adsorbent
chloride
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邢嘉成
吴浔
徐云鹏
刘中民
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Abstract

The application discloses a method for continuously preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by cellulose adsorption, which comprises the following steps: the mixed aqueous solution containing cellulose, inorganic salt and acid catalyst flows through a heat exchanger to react under continuous condition, and after the reaction, the aqueous phase passes through an adsorbent to be enriched to obtain 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The synergistic effect of the specific inorganic salt and the specific acid catalyst added in the method can effectively control the occurrence of side reaction, avoid the occurrence of black rot, improve the selectivity of the reaction and greatly reduce the equipment maintenance and labor cost; the method is a continuous reaction, and has great economic benefit compared with a system for synthesizing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by using a batch kettle reactor. Meanwhile, the adsorbent is used for adsorbing the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the water phase of the reaction liquid, so that side reactions can be effectively inhibited, the reaction selectivity is improved, and the energy consumption in the production process is reduced.

Description

Method for continuously preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose by adsorption method
Technical Field
The application relates to a method for continuously preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by cellulose adsorption, belonging to the field of preparation and synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
Background
Typical routes to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are acid-catalyzed dehydration of carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, cellulose and sucrose. Various homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts have been developed, including Lewis and Bronsted acids, which have been found to be effective in the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and which are widely used in processes for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. However, because the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural generated in the reaction process has higher reactivity, the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural can further react under the catalysis of the catalyst to generate high-molecular black rot through polymerization or generate acetoacetic acid through decomposition. The generation of these byproducts can lead to lower selectivity of the reaction, and can lead to corrosion and blockage of equipment, so that the reaction is difficult to carry out, the maintenance and use cost of the equipment is greatly increased, and the economic benefit is poor. These disadvantages limit their potential industrial application.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect of the application there is provided a process for the preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural which comprises mixing a solution comprising cellulose, an inorganic salt and an acidic catalyst, passing the solution through a heat exchanger, reacting in a continuous manner, passing the reacted solution through a bed of adsorbent, and desorbing to obtain said 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. In the application, the inorganic salt and the specific acid catalyst are added for reaction under the continuous condition, so that the synergistic effect can be achieved, and the production efficiency and the conversion rate of the reaction can be effectively improved compared with the intermittent reaction. Meanwhile, the problems that the yield of the product is reduced and the maintenance cost of equipment is greatly increased due to the fact that the black rot is formed by side reaction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are avoided. The system for synthesizing the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural has the advantages of larger economic benefit, lower system cost, less environmental pollution, simple operation, easy repetition, low equipment maintenance cost and high-purity 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production.
A method for continuously preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose by an adsorption method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Introducing the mixed solution containing cellulose, inorganic salt and acid catalyst into a continuous reactor, reacting at the temperature of 60-180 ℃ and the liquid phase flow rate of 0.1-20L/min, adsorbing the reaction solution by using an adsorbent, and enriching to obtain 5-hydroxymethylfurfural;
the cellulose is at least one selected from cellulose ether, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose;
the inorganic salt is at least one selected from halogen compounds, boride, silicate, aluminate, phosphate and borate.
Optionally, the acid catalyst is selected from at least one of acids dissolved in water.
Alternatively, the water-soluble acid is a readily water-soluble acid.
Optionally, the acid catalyst comprises at least one of phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid, sulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
Optionally, the hydrochloric acid is a 35.0 to 40.0wt% hydrochloric acid solution.
Optionally, the sulfuric acid is concentrated sulfuric acid of 95.0 to 99.0 wt%.
Optionally, the halogen compound is selected from at least one of sodium chloride, sodium fluoride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, barium chloride, chromium chloride, ferric chloride, cupric chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium bromide, calcium bromide, magnesium bromide;
optionally, the boride is at least one selected from boron fluoride, magnesium boride, titanium boride, chromium boride and calcium boride;
Optionally, the silicate is at least one selected from sodium silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, ammonium silicate, and the like;
Optionally, the aluminate is at least one selected from sodium aluminate, calcium aluminate, magnesium aluminate, ammonium aluminate and the like;
optionally, the phosphate is at least one selected from sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, and the like.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the inorganic salt is 0.5-10: 1 to 20.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the inorganic salt is 5-10:5-20.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the inorganic salt is 8-10:6-20.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the inorganic salt is 8-10:15-20.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the acidic catalyst is 0.5-10: 0.01 to 1.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the acid catalyst is 8-10:0.01-1.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the acid catalyst is 10:0.01-1.
Optionally, the solvent of the solution comprises water.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the water is 0.5-10: 1 to 20.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the water is 5-10: 5 to 20.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the water is 8-10: 6-20.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the cellulose to the water is 5-10: 10 to 20.
Optionally, the mass ratio of cellulose to water is 10: 15-20.
Optionally, the mass ratio of cellulose to water satisfies:
Cellulose: water=1:0.8 to 10.
Alternatively, the mass ratio of cellulose to water is independently selected from any value or range of values between any two of 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10.
The mass ratio of the water to the inorganic salt is as follows:
Water: inorganic salt=1:0.05 to 5.
Alternatively, the mass ratio of water to inorganic salt is independently selected from any value or range between any two of 1:0.05, 1:0.10, 1:0.20, 1:0.30, 1:0.40, 1:0.50, 1:0.60, 1:0.70, 1:0.80, 1:0.90, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5.
The addition amount of the acid catalyst is 0.1-5 wt% of the addition amount of the cellulose.
Alternatively, the ratio of the added amount of the acidic catalyst to the added amount of the cellulose is independently selected from any value or a range between any two of 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.8wt%, 1.0wt%, 1.5wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.5wt%, 3.0wt%, 3.5wt%, 4.0wt%, 4.5wt%, 5.0 wt%.
Optionally, the reaction conditions include: the reaction temperature is 60-180 ℃, and the liquid phase flow rate is 0.1-20L/min.
Alternatively, the temperature of the reaction is independently selected from any value or range of values between any two of 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃, 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 180 ℃.
Alternatively, the reaction time is 2 to 10 hours.
Alternatively, the time of the reaction is independently selected from any value or range of values between any two of 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours.
Alternatively, the pressure of the reaction is not particularly limited, and may be at normal pressure.
Optionally, the reaction conditions include: the flow rate of the reaction is 0.1L/min-20L/min.
Alternatively, the reaction flow rate is independently selected from any value or range of values between any two of 0.1L/min, 0.5L/min, 1L/min, 3L/min, 5L/min, 9L/min, 12L/min, 15L/min, 20L/min.
Optionally, the adsorbent is selected from at least one of activated carbon, molecular sieves, natural clay minerals, amorphous oxides, metal organic framework materials.
Optionally, in the adsorbent, the activated carbon comprises at least one of coal carbon, coconut carbon and wood carbon.
Optionally, in the adsorbent, the molecular sieve is at least one selected from a Y-type molecular sieve, an A-type molecular sieve, a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, a 13X molecular sieve, an MWW molecular sieve and an MOR molecular sieve.
Optionally, in the adsorbent, the natural clay mineral is at least one selected from bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin and calcite.
Optionally, in the adsorbent, the amorphous oxide is at least one selected from amorphous silica, amorphous alumina, amorphous aluminosilicate.
Optionally, in the adsorbent, the metal-organic framework material is at least one selected from metal-organic framework materials MIL-125, MIL-101, SIFSIX and MIL-53.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the adsorbent to the reaction liquid is 0.5-10: 1 to 50.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the adsorbent to the reaction solution is 5-10: 20 to 50.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the adsorbent to the reaction liquid is 8-10: 35 to 50.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the adsorbent to the reaction solution is 1:1 to 50.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the adsorbent to the reaction liquid is independently selected from any value or range of values between any two of 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50.
Optionally, after the reaction solution passes through the adsorbent, recycling the reaction solution;
Optionally, after the reaction solution passes through the adsorbent, the adsorbent is rinsed with water for desorption;
optionally, the mass ratio of the water to the adsorbent is 1-10:1.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the water to the adsorbent is 5-10: 1.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the water to the adsorbent is 8-10: 1.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the water to the adsorbent is independently selected from any value or range of values between any two of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1.
Alternatively, the yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is greater than 80%.
Optionally, the yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is 80% -95%.
The application provides a method for obtaining 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by utilizing inorganic salt, cellulose water solution and acid catalyst to catalyze cellulose to convert into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural under continuous condition, and after reaction, adsorbing and enriching reaction liquid through an adsorbent bed. Compared with the traditional solvent system, the method for synthesizing the 5-HMF by using the cellulose with wide sources and low price as the raw material has the advantages that the inorganic salt added in the reaction process can effectively avoid side reactions of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, improves the reaction conversion rate, ensures that the reacted reaction liquid is clear and transparent, has higher conversion rate and selectivity, is environment-friendly, has lower economic cost, is beneficial to industrial production and amplification, has low equipment maintenance cost, and can efficiently produce the high-purity 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Compared with the traditional method, the preparation method can effectively control the occurrence of side reactions, avoid the occurrence of black rot, improve the selectivity of the reaction and greatly reduce the equipment maintenance and labor cost.
The preparation route of the application is that the raw material of inorganic salt water solution containing cellulose is adopted, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is obtained through dehydration reaction under the catalysis of an acid catalyst, which is different from the process of using fructose as the raw material, the fructose has higher water solubility, and the cellulose has poorer water solubility, so that the cellulose can also undergo hydrolysis process in the continuous reaction process, and the cellulose is greatly different from the fructose in the continuous reaction. The added inorganic salt and the continuous reaction different from the intermittent reaction effectively inhibit the further side reaction of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, no other impurities or black rot are generated after the reaction, and after the reaction, the reaction liquid is adsorbed and enriched through an adsorbent bed layer to obtain the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, while the side reaction is difficult to control in the traditional preparation process of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and the generated black rot is extremely easy to cause equipment corrosion and blockage.
As one embodiment, the method comprises:
a) Mixing cellulose, inorganic salt and an acidic catalyst to form an aqueous solution, and allowing the aqueous solution to flow through a heat exchanger for continuous reaction to obtain the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The reaction temperature is between 60 and 180 ℃, the reaction time is between 2 and 10 hours, and the flow rate of the reaction is between 0.1 and 20L/min;
b) And c) adsorbing the reaction liquid in the reaction in the step a) through an adsorbent, and flushing and desorbing the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the adsorbent by water after the adsorption to obtain an aqueous solution of the product 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
As a specific embodiment, the method comprises:
1) Uniformly mixing cellulose, inorganic salt aqueous solution and a catalyst, and reacting by a heat exchanger at the reaction temperature of 60-180 ℃ for 2-10 hours at the flow rate of 0.1-20L/min.
2) In the production process, the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the reaction liquid is adsorbed and enriched by using an adsorbent, the reaction liquid can be recycled after the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is adsorbed, the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is continuously extracted, and the adsorbent is used for desorbing the adsorbed 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by water flushing.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1) Compared with the traditional method, the preparation method of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural provided by the application uses cheap and easily available cellulose as a reaction raw material, and the synergistic effect of the added specific inorganic salt and the specific acid catalyst can effectively control the occurrence of side reaction, avoid the generation of black rot, improve the selectivity of the reaction and greatly reduce the equipment maintenance and labor cost.
2) The method is a continuous reaction, is different from a system for synthesizing the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by an intermittent kettle reactor, has larger economic benefit, lower system cost, less environmental pollution, simple operation, easy repetition, low equipment maintenance cost and can efficiently produce the high-purity 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
3) The reaction liquid after the reaction is enriched by an adsorption method to obtain the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and a traditional distillation step with larger energy consumption is not needed, so that a product with higher purity can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the product synthesized in example 1 of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a hydrogen nuclear magnetic spectrum of a 5-hydroxymethylfurfural standard.
FIG. 3 is a carbon nuclear magnetic spectrum of the product synthesized in example 1 of the present application.
FIG. 4 is a carbon nuclear magnetic spectrum of a 5-hydroxymethylfurfural standard.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
Unless otherwise indicated, all starting materials in the examples of the present application were purchased commercially.
The analysis method in the embodiment of the application is as follows:
The reaction solution was dissolved in deuteration reagent by using liquid nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer model AVANCE II 400M manufactured by Bruce company to analyze nuclear magnetic resonance chart of carbon and hydrogen.
High performance liquid chromatography was carried out using water as mobile phase under the conditions of model 7890A from vortical corporation, using uv-vis and differential refraction detector.
In the examples of the present application, the yield and selectivity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were calculated by:
Yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural = moles of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural produced/moles of reaction substrate added
Selectivity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural = moles of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural produced/moles of reaction substrate participating in the reaction
Obtaining a liquid chromatography peak area by configuring the content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in a standard solution, and obtaining a standard curve by taking the peak area as an abscissa and the concentration of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as an ordinate; further, the concentration of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the reaction liquid after the reaction can be calculated, and the yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is calculated through the concentration.
In the examples of the present application, the concentrations of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid used are described below:
Concentrated sulfuric acid: HSO was 98.0wt%;
Hydrochloric acid: HCl was 37.0wt%.
Example 1
5G of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 6.84g of aluminum chloride and 5g of water are added into a batch kettle type reactor, 0.12g of concentrated sulfuric acid is added dropwise as a catalyst under a stirring state, and after the raw materials are fully dissolved, the raw materials pass through a heat exchanger at a flow rate of 5L/min, are heated to 150 ℃, the continuous reaction time is 6 hours, and the color of a reaction solution is gradually deepened. The reaction solution was passed through 5g of coconut shell activated carbon, followed by washing the adsorbent with 6g of water to obtain an aqueous solution of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. A small amount of flushing liquid is taken for high performance liquid chromatography analysis, and the result shows that the yield of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is 85% and the selectivity is 98%.
Example 2
8G of methyl cellulose, 3g of sodium silicate and 6g of water are added into a batch kettle reactor, 0.1g of phosphoric acid is added into the batch kettle reactor as a catalyst under a stirring state, after the raw materials are fully dissolved, the raw materials pass through a heat exchanger at a flow rate of 5L/min, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃, the continuous reaction time is 5 hours, and the color of a reaction solution is gradually deepened. The reaction solution was passed through 8g of an X-type molecular sieve, followed by washing the adsorbent with 12g of water to obtain an aqueous solution of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. A small amount of flushing liquid is taken for high performance liquid chromatography analysis, and the result shows that the yield of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is 90% and the selectivity is 98%.
Examples 3 to 11
The specific ingredients, materials and reaction conditions are shown in Table 1, and the other operations in the synthesis process are the same as in example 1.
TABLE 1 raw material composition, ratio and adsorption/Desorption conditions for examples 3 to 11
Example 12 liquid Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis
Liquid nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural prepared in examples 1 to 11, and typical examples are shown in fig. 1 and 3, and fig. 2 and 4 are standard spectra of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Fig. 1 corresponds to the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from a comparison of fig. 1 and fig. 2 that the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural prepared in example 1 has a typical standard hydrogen nuclear magnetic spectrum of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
FIG. 3 corresponds to the carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural prepared in example 1. As can be seen from a comparison of FIGS. 3 and 4, the carbon nuclear magnetic spectrum of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural prepared in example 1 has typical standard 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
The test results for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in other examples were similar to those described above, and standard 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was obtained by the present invention.
While the application has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the application, and it is intended that the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed.

Claims (10)

1. A method for continuously preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose by an adsorption method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Introducing the mixed solution containing cellulose, inorganic salt and acid catalyst into a continuous reactor, reacting at the temperature of 60-180 ℃ and the liquid phase flow rate of 0.1-20L/min, adsorbing the reaction solution by using an adsorbent, and enriching to obtain 5-hydroxymethylfurfural;
the cellulose is at least one selected from cellulose ether, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose;
the inorganic salt is at least one selected from halogen compounds, boride, silicate, aluminate, phosphate and borate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid catalyst comprises at least one of phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid, sulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the halogen compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium fluoride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, barium chloride, chromium chloride, ferric chloride, cupric chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium bromide, calcium bromide, and magnesium bromide;
Preferably, the boride is at least one selected from boron fluoride, magnesium boride, titanium boride, chromium boride and calcium boride;
preferably, the silicate is at least one selected from sodium silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, ammonium silicate, and the like;
preferably, the aluminate is at least one selected from sodium aluminate, calcium aluminate, magnesium aluminate, ammonium aluminate and the like;
preferably, the phosphate is at least one selected from sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, and the like.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the cellulose to the inorganic salt is 0.5 to 10:1 to 20.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose and DD220726I
The mass ratio of the acid catalyst is 0.5-10: 0.01 to 1.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the cellulose to the water is 0.5 to 10:1 to 20.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction time is 2 to 10 hours.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent is at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, molecular sieves, natural clay minerals, amorphous oxides, and metal organic framework materials;
Preferably, the activated carbon comprises at least one of coal-based carbon, coconut shell carbon and wood carbon;
Preferably, the molecular sieve is selected from at least one of a Y-type molecular sieve, an A-type molecular sieve, a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, a 13X molecular sieve, an MWW molecular sieve and an MOR molecular sieve;
preferably, the natural clay mineral is at least one selected from bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin and calcite;
Preferably, the amorphous oxide is at least one selected from amorphous silica, amorphous alumina, amorphous aluminosilicate;
Preferably, the metal organic framework material is selected from at least one of metal organic framework materials MIL-125, MIL-101, SIFSIX and MIL-53.
9. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the adsorbent to the reaction liquid is 0.5 to 10:1 to 50.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction solution is recycled after passing through the adsorbent;
Preferably, after the reaction solution passes through the adsorbent, the adsorbent is rinsed with water for desorption.
CN202211599132.1A 2022-12-12 2022-12-12 Method for continuously preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose by adsorption method Pending CN118184609A (en)

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