CN118174063B - Electric connector, control method, microwave circuit and quantum computer system - Google Patents
Electric connector, control method, microwave circuit and quantum computer system Download PDFInfo
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- CN118174063B CN118174063B CN202410588853.5A CN202410588853A CN118174063B CN 118174063 B CN118174063 B CN 118174063B CN 202410588853 A CN202410588853 A CN 202410588853A CN 118174063 B CN118174063 B CN 118174063B
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- closed air
- electric connector
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
- H01P3/06—Coaxial lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/04—Pins or blades for co-operation with sockets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
- H01R9/03—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections
- H01R9/05—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections for coaxial cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R2201/00—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications
- H01R2201/06—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications for computer periphery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric connector, a control method, a microwave circuit and a quantum computer system, and relates to the technical field of quanta, wherein the electric connector comprises a plug and a jack, a closed air chamber is arranged in the plug or the jack, two electrodes which are not contacted with each other are arranged on the inner wall of the closed air chamber and are used for connecting wires, and the closed air chamber is filled with easily ionized gas; when the lead wire connected with any one of the two electrodes is electrified, the easily ionized gas is ionized, and a current path is formed between the two electrodes; when the leads connected with the two electrodes are not electrified, the easy-to-ionize gas is not ionized, and the airtight air chamber is not conducted with current. The invention reduces the heat conduction of the electric connector while ensuring the normal use of the cable, thereby reducing the heat loss caused by the electric connector and improving the refrigeration effect of the dilution refrigerator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum technology, in particular to an electric connector, a control method, a microwave circuit and a quantum computer system.
Background
The superconducting quantum computer consists of quantum chip, microwave measurement and control system, dilution refrigerator, low temperature electronic device, display control system, etc. In order to ensure the normal operation of the superconducting quantum chip, the superconducting quantum chip and the low-temperature electronic device are usually placed in an insulating vacuum tank body with mK (MILLIKELVIN milliKelvin) level temperature provided by a dilution refrigerator, and an external control signal and a power supply are conducted into the dilution refrigerator through a plurality of coaxial microwave cables.
Currently, signal transmission cables and power supply cables of superconducting quantum computers are mostly connected by adopting an electric connector in the form of a plug-jack, and the electric connector generally uses copper or copper alloy materials with gold-plated surfaces so as to ensure that the cables can keep good conduction performance under the low-temperature condition. However, when the conventional electrical connector is used for conducting the cable, the electrical connector causes heat of the external environment to be conducted into the heat-insulating vacuum tank body of the dilution refrigerator, so that heat conduction loss of the heat-insulating vacuum tank is increased, and energy consumption of the dilution refrigerator is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an electric connector, a control method, a microwave circuit and a quantum computer system, which aim to reduce heat conduction loss caused by the electric connector.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the electric connector provided by the invention comprises a plug and a jack, wherein a closed air chamber is arranged in the plug or the jack, two electrodes which are not contacted with each other are arranged on the inner wall of the closed air chamber and are used for connecting wires, and the closed air chamber is filled with easily ionized gas;
when the lead wire connected with any one of the two electrodes is electrified, the Yi Dianli gas is ionized, and a current path is formed between the two electrodes;
When the leads connected with the two electrodes are not electrified, the easy-to-ionize gas is not ionized, and the closed air chamber is not conducted with current.
In one embodiment, the housing of the closed air chamber is a layer of low thermal conductivity semiconductor material.
In one embodiment, the Yi Dianli gas is at least one of mercury vapor and an inert gas.
In one embodiment, the inert gas is at least one of neon, argon, and helium.
In one embodiment, the plug comprises a plug housing, a first hollow insulating layer and the airtight air chamber, wherein the plug housing is wrapped outside the first hollow insulating layer and the airtight air chamber, the first hollow insulating layer is arranged on one side close to the top end of the plug, and the airtight air chamber is arranged on one side adjacent to the first hollow insulating layer and far away from the top end of the plug, and the top end of the plug is one end of the plug, which is contacted with the jack;
The first hollow insulating layer and the plug shell form a groove for plugging the jack;
The jack comprises a jack shell and a second hollow insulating layer, wherein the jack shell is wrapped outside the second hollow insulating layer and forms a convex layer which is matched and spliced with the groove at the top end of the jack, and the top end of the jack is one end of the jack, which is contacted with the top end of the plug.
In one embodiment, the plug comprises a plug shell and a first hollow insulating layer, wherein the plug shell is wrapped outside the first hollow insulating layer and forms a groove for plugging the jack with the first hollow insulating layer, and the top end of the plug is the end of the plug, which is contacted with the jack;
The jack includes jack casing, second cavity insulating layer with airtight air chamber, the jack casing parcel is in the second cavity insulating layer with the outside of airtight air chamber, the second cavity insulating layer set up be close to one side on jack top and with the jack casing form with the protruding layer of recess matching grafting, airtight air chamber set up with the second cavity insulating layer is adjacent and keep away from one side on jack top, wherein, the jack top be the jack with the one end that the plug top contacted.
In an embodiment, the electrical connector further comprises a heating device, the heating device comprises a heating element, the heating element is arranged on the outer wall of the closed air chamber corresponding to the room temperature electrode, and the room temperature electrode is an electrode positioned in a room temperature region of the two electrodes;
the control circuit of the heating device is independent of the circuit connected with the electric connector;
The heating device is used for heating the closed air chamber according to a target heating temperature corresponding to target current intensity, wherein the target current intensity is required by a circuit connected with the electric connector, and the target current intensity and the target heating temperature are in positive correlation.
The invention also provides a control method applied to the electric connector, which comprises the following steps:
electrifying a lead connected with a target electric connector corresponding to a target device when the target device triggers a working state;
and when the target device is determined to trigger the dormant state, the wires connected with the target electric connector are powered off.
The invention also provides a microwave circuit comprising the electric connector.
The invention also provides a quantum computer system comprising a microwave circuit as described above.
In the invention, the electric connector comprises a plug and a jack, wherein a closed air chamber is arranged in the plug or the jack, two electrodes which are not contacted with each other are arranged on the inner wall of the closed air chamber and are used for connecting wires, and the closed air chamber is filled with easily-ionized gas; when the lead wire connected with any one of the two electrodes is electrified, the Yi Dianli gas is ionized, and a current path is formed between the two electrodes; when the leads connected with the two electrodes are not electrified, the easy-to-ionize gas is not ionized, and the closed air chamber is not conducted with current.
Compared with the traditional metal electric connector, the electric connector is conducted through the gas with lower heat conductivity coefficient, so that the heat conduction of the electric connector is reduced while the normal use of the cable is ensured, the heat loss caused by the electric connector is reduced, and the refrigerating effect of the dilution refrigerator is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electrical connector according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of an electrical connector according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the closed air chamber provided by the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an application scenario related to an electrical connector provided by the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another application scenario related to the electrical connector provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an electrical connector according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an electrical connector according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the heating device and the closed air chamber provided by the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100. an electrical connector; 1. a plug; 11. a plug housing; 12. a first hollow insulating layer; 2. a jack; 21. a jack housing; 22. a second hollow insulator; 3. sealing the air chamber; 31. an electrode; 32. an electrode; 4. a heating device; 41. a heating element.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
The superconducting quantum computer is composed of a plurality of core components, including a quantum chip, a microwave measurement and control system, a dilution refrigerator, a low-temperature electronic device, a display control system and the like, and in order to ensure the stable operation of the superconducting quantum chip, the superconducting quantum chip and the low-temperature electronic device are usually placed in an insulating vacuum tank body with mK-level temperature provided by the dilution refrigerator, and power supply and control signals are led into the dilution refrigerator through a coaxial microwave cable. In order to maintain the extremely low temperature and ultra-high vacuum state of the heat insulation vacuum tank in the dilution refrigerator, the wires used in the dilution refrigerator are required to have high conductivity characteristics while meeting the working current requirements, so that the influence of the heating of the cable on the quantum chip is reduced, and the ultra-low temperature environment in the dilution refrigerator is maintained.
At present, the signal and the power supply cable in the superconducting quantum computer are connected mostly by a connector in the form of a pin-jack. Such connectors provide electrical continuity through physical contact between the pins and the jacks. The pins and receptacles of conventional connectors are often copper plated to minimize contact resistance during the insertion of the pins and receptacles. While this design may ensure good conduction performance of the cable in low temperature environments, thermal isolation requirements between wires and electrical isolation requirements between cables are ignored. For superconducting quantum computers of small bit scale, the design can maintain the working environment of the quantum chip. However, as the number of the quantum chip bits increases, the number of the cables connected to the inside of the dilution refrigerator increases exponentially, and the number of connectors required increases sharply, and since the heat of the external environment can be conducted to the inside of the adiabatic vacuum tank of the dilution refrigerator through the electrical connectors, the heat conduction loss in the adiabatic vacuum tank increases, and the energy consumption of the dilution refrigerator increases. At the same time, the problem of signal crosstalk between a large number of cables is also becoming more serious.
Therefore, in designing cable connectors for large-bit-scale superconducting quantum computers, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the electrical conduction performance, thermal isolation, and electrical isolation requirements to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an electric connector, which is used for reducing heat conduction loss caused by the electric connector.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the electrical connector 100 includes a plug 1 and a jack 2, and the plug 1 and the jack 2 may be connected by plugging to ensure stable transmission of current or signals through the electrical connector. In some possible embodiments, including as shown in fig. 1, providing a closed air chamber 3 may be provided within the plug 1; in other possible embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, a closed air chamber 3 may be provided within the receptacle 2.
In this embodiment, when the airtight chamber 3 is disposed in the plug 1, the disposition position of the airtight chamber 3 in the plug 1 is not limited, so that the airtight chamber 3 is only required to be communicated with the wires at two ends of the electrical connector. Similarly, when the closed air chamber 3 is arranged in the jack 2, the arrangement position of the closed air chamber 3 in the jack 1 is not limited, so that the closed air chamber 3 is communicated with the wires at two ends of the electric connector.
Referring to fig. 3, two electrodes 31 and 32 which are not in contact with each other are disposed on the inner wall of the closed gas chamber 3, the electrodes 31 and 32 are respectively used for connecting wires, and the inside of the closed gas chamber 3 is filled with an easily ionized gas. When the power supply or signal input is needed in the quantum computer system, current passes through the wires connected with the electric connector, the electrode 31 or the electrode 32 is electrified, the easily ionized gas is ionized, an electric field is formed between the electrode 31 and the electrode 32, the direction of the electric field is directed to the cathode of the two electrodes by the anode of the two electrodes, electrons escaping from the cathode move to the anode under the action of the electric field force, so that a current path is formed between the two electrodes, and the current direction is directed to the cathode by the anode and is opposite to the movement direction of free electrons. When the power supply or signal input is not needed in the quantum computer system, no current passes through the wires connected with the electric connector, the electrodes 31 and 32 are not electrified, the easy-to-ionize gas is not ionized, and the closed air chamber is not conductive to current.
An ionizable gas is one whose atoms or molecules readily lose or acquire electrons under certain conditions, thereby forming charged particles. The ionizable gas generally has a low ionization energy such that ionization occurs at a relatively low external energy. Common ionizable gases include inert gases such as neon, argon, helium, and the like, and hydrogen, oxygen, and the like under specific conditions.
In this embodiment, the electrode 31 and the electrode 32 are set to be in a state of not contacting each other, when the wires connected with the electrode 31 or the electrode 32 are electrified, current can be prevented from directly jumping from one electrode to the other electrode, that is, the situation that the current is directly conducted through a metal conductor can be avoided, and the current is required to be conducted through a current path formed after ionization of the easily ionized gas, so that the conduction through the gas with lower heat conductivity can be realized, the heat conduction caused by an electric connector is reduced, and the heat loss caused by the electric connector is reduced.
It should be noted that the materials of the electrode 31 and the electrode 32 are not limited herein, and may specifically be selected according to the electrical conductivity requirement, the chemical stability requirement, and the mechanical strength of the electrical connector. In a specific embodiment, since the electrical connector can be used for a dilution refrigerator in a quantum computing system, the dilution refrigerator has low temperature environments with different degrees, and the electrode 31 and the electrode 32 are used for ionizing the easily ionized gas in the closed gas chamber 3, a material which can still maintain good conductivity in the low temperature environment and is not easily chemically reacted with the ionized gas can be used as an electrode material, for example, a metal material such as copper, silver, gold, and the like.
Further, in some possible embodiments, the electrode 31 and the electrode 32 may be disposed on the same central axis of the closed air chamber 3. Compared with the fact that the electrode 31 and the electrode 32 are not on the same central axis, in the embodiment, the electric field lines of the electric field generated when the electrode is electrified are mainly distributed along the central axis, deflection and distortion of the electric field lines can be reduced, the electric field is distributed more uniformly in the closed air chamber, the electric field intensity between the two electrodes is relatively high when the electrode is electrified, the ionized gas in the closed air chamber is ionized to form more charged particles, ionization efficiency is improved, uniform electric field distribution and high ionization efficiency enable current to be transmitted with higher efficiency when the current passes through the electric connector, energy loss of the current in the transmission process can be reduced, and efficiency of the whole electric system is improved.
In the dilution refrigerator, a plurality of heat-insulating vacuum tanks may be provided, and in each heat-insulating vacuum tank, an mK-stage extremely low temperature environment is provided, and hereinafter, the mK-stage extremely low temperature environment provided by the heat-insulating vacuum tank is referred to as an extremely low temperature region, and for any one of the target temperature regions in each mK-stage extremely low temperature region provided by the heat-insulating vacuum tank, an electrical connector may be provided at a junction between the target temperature region and an adjacent temperature region of the target temperature region, and two electrodes of the closed air chamber in the electrical connector are respectively located in the target temperature region and the adjacent temperature region. Because the thermal conductivity of the gas is lower than that of the metal material, when the electric connector is conducted, the heat introduced into the heat-insulating vacuum tank due to current conduction can be obviously reduced by the closed air chamber; when the electric connector is disconnected, the temperature of the adjacent temperature zone can be effectively isolated outside the heat-insulating vacuum tank in a sealing manner, heat is prevented from being transferred to the target temperature zone through the electric connector, and then the integral temperature rise of the heat-insulating vacuum tank is reduced, so that the heat loss of the heat-insulating vacuum tank is reduced, the refrigeration burden of the dilution refrigerator is reduced, and the refrigeration effect of the dilution refrigerator on the heat-insulating vacuum tank is improved.
The adjacent temperature zone of the target temperature zone may be a very low temperature zone provided by an adjacent insulated vacuum tank or a room temperature zone outside the insulated vacuum tank, for example, when an electrical connector is provided between a control device in a dilution refrigerator and the insulated vacuum tank, or, for example, when there is a gap between the insulated vacuum tanks, the adjacent temperature zone of the target temperature zone may be a room temperature zone between two insulated vacuum tanks.
For example, referring to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 and 5 show schematic diagrams of application scenarios between an electrical connector and a temperature zone, in the electrical connector shown in fig. 4, two electrodes of a closed air chamber are respectively disposed in the very low temperature zone and the room temperature zone, in the electrical connector shown in fig. 5, the electrical connector may be disposed between the two very low temperature zones, and two electrodes of the closed air chamber are respectively disposed in the two very low temperature zones.
In this embodiment, by arranging the airtight air chamber in the electrical connector, the airtight air chamber is filled with the easily ionized gas, and when power supply or signal transmission is required in the quantum computer system, the electrodes arranged on the inner wall of the airtight air chamber are electrified, the electrified electrodes ionize the easily ionized gas, a current path is formed between the two electrodes, and the wires connected to the two ends of the electrical connector are conducted. Compared with the traditional metal electric connector, the electric connector in the embodiment is conducted through gas with lower heat conductivity coefficient, so that the heat conduction of the electric connector is reduced while the normal use of a cable is ensured, the heat loss of an insulating vacuum tank caused by the electric connector is reduced, and the refrigerating effect of a dilution refrigerator is improved.
And when the wires connected with the two electrodes are not electrified, as the two electrodes are not in physical contact, and the easily ionized gas is not ionized, the current cannot pass through the closed air chamber, so that the electric connector cannot conduct the current under the condition of no external excitation, the current is prevented from being crossly connected from one circuit to the other circuit, the current crosstalk is prevented, and the stability and the reliability of the circuit are improved.
Further, in some possible embodiments, the housing of the closed air chamber 3 is a layer of low thermal conductivity semiconductor material. The low thermal conductivity semiconductor material is a semiconductor material having a low thermal conductivity, for example, a semiconductor material having a thermal conductivity lower than 0.5W/mK, and the low thermal conductivity semiconductor material is not limited, and may be, for example, a Silicon-based material, silicon Nitride (SiN 4), silicon carbide (SiC), a polymer semiconductor (for example, polypyrrole (polypyrrole, PP), polythiophene (PT), or the like), a two-dimensional material (for example, a two-dimensional material such as graphene, molybdenum disulfide, or the like).
In the heat conduction process, the heat conductivity coefficient is an important parameter for measuring the heat conductivity of the material, compared with the traditional metal electric connector, the shell of the closed air chamber is made of a low heat conductivity material, so that the whole closed air chamber has a smaller heat conductivity coefficient, the closed air chamber can effectively prevent heat transfer, the heat conduction of the electric connector can be obviously reduced, and the heat loss caused by the electric connector is reduced.
Further, in some possible embodiments, the ionizable gas is at least one of mercury vapor and an inert gas. Inert gases, which are also called rare gases, include helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the like.
Further, in some possible embodiments, the inert gas is at least one of neon, argon, and helium. The high ionization energy of neon means that higher energy is needed in the ionization process, so that the neon is very stable in the ionization process, and the conduction stability of the electric connector is improved; the ionization energy of the argon is high, so that the ionization energy is very stable in the ionization process, and the conduction stability of the electric connector can be improved; the ionization energy of helium is lower than that of other inert gases, but the chemical property is very stable, chemical reaction with other elements is not easy to occur, the helium plays a key role in low-temperature cooling, and the helium is used as the easy-ionization gas, so that the heat loss of the electric connector can be further reduced.
Further, in some possible embodiments, referring to fig. 6, the airtight chamber 3 is disposed in the plug 1, in this embodiment, the plug 1 includes a plug housing 11, a first hollow insulating layer 12 and the airtight chamber 3, the plug housing 11 is wrapped around the first hollow insulating layer 12 and the airtight chamber 3, and the centers of gravity of the plug housing 11, the first hollow insulating layer 12 and the airtight chamber 3 are disposed on a straight line.
The first hollow insulating layer 12 is arranged on one side close to the top end of the plug, and the airtight air chamber 3 is arranged on one side adjacent to the first hollow insulating layer 12 and far away from the top end of the plug, wherein the top end of the plug is one end of the plug, which is contacted with the jack.
The first hollow insulating layer 12 forms a recess with the plug housing 11 for the plug socket.
The jack 2 comprises a jack housing 21 and a second hollow insulating layer 22, wherein the jack housing 21 is wrapped outside the second hollow insulating layer 22 and forms a convex layer matched and spliced with the groove with the second hollow insulating layer 22 at the top end of the jack, and the top end of the jack is the end of the jack, which is contacted with the top end of the plug.
Further, in some possible embodiments, referring to fig. 7, the airtight air chamber 3 is disposed in the jack 2, in this embodiment, the plug 1 includes a plug housing 11 and a first hollow insulating layer 12, the plug housing 11 is wrapped outside the first hollow insulating layer 12 and forms a groove with the first hollow insulating layer for plugging the jack, where the top end of the plug is the end of the plug that contacts the jack.
The jack 2 comprises a jack shell 21, a second hollow insulating layer 22 and a closed air chamber 3, wherein the jack shell 21 is wrapped outside the second hollow insulating layer 22 and the closed air chamber 3, the second hollow insulating layer 22 is arranged on one side close to the top end of the jack and forms a convex layer matched with the jack shell and inserted in a groove, the closed air chamber 3 is arranged on one side adjacent to the second hollow insulating layer 22 and far away from the top end of the jack, and the top end of the jack is one end of the jack, which is contacted with the top end of the plug.
Further, in some possible embodiments, the electrical connector 100 further includes a heating device 4, where the heating device includes a heating element 41, and since the very low temperature region of the dilution refrigerator is generally used to cool critical components such as superconducting qubits and the like to maintain the very low temperature required by the quantum chip, the introduction of the heating device in the low temperature region is unnecessary and may even interfere with the cooling effect of the dilution refrigerator, and thus the electrical connector including the heating device provided in this embodiment is supported for use in a room temperature environment, that is, the electrical connector may be disposed between the room temperature region and the very low temperature region for connecting wires respectively located in the room temperature region and the very low temperature region, and in this embodiment, the heating element 41 is disposed on the outer wall of the closed air chamber corresponding to the room temperature electrode, where the room temperature electrode is the electrode located in the room temperature region.
Referring to fig. 8, the heating element 41 is disposed on the outer wall of the closed air chamber corresponding to the room temperature electrode, and it should be noted that the heating element and the outer wall of the closed air chamber may be fixedly connected or movably connected, which is not limited herein. In particular, the heating element 41 may be an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy element or a nichrome element.
In this embodiment, the control circuit of the heating device is independent of the circuit connected to the electrical connector, and the heating device is configured to heat the closed air chamber according to a target temperature rise temperature corresponding to a target current intensity, where the target current intensity is a current intensity required by the circuit connected to the electrical connector, and the target current intensity and the target temperature rise temperature are in a positive correlation. The mapping relation between the current intensity and the temperature rise temperature can be preset in the control system of the heating device, and the control system of the heating device obtains the target temperature rise temperature by inquiring the mapping relation according to the target current intensity.
When the easy-to-ionize gas in the airtight gas chamber is ionized, the heating device is used for heating the airtight gas chamber, so that the heat emission of free electrons in the airtight gas chamber can be increased, the current power of the current formed between the two electrodes in the airtight gas chamber is improved, and the high-power current requirement of a circuit connected with the electric connector is met, namely the high-power current passing requirement of a microwave cable in a quantum computer is met.
The invention also provides a control method which is applied to the electric connector, and the specific structure of the electric connector refers to the embodiment, and all the technical schemes of all the embodiments are adopted, so that the control method at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical schemes of the embodiments, and the detailed description is omitted.
The execution body of the control method of the present embodiment may be a computing service device, such as a computer, having functions of data processing, network communication, and program running, or an electronic device, a controller, or the like capable of implementing the functions. The present embodiment and the following embodiments will be described below by taking a computer as an example, and the computer for executing the control method according to the present embodiment is an external computer of the quantum computer system.
In this embodiment, the control method includes steps S10 to S20.
And step S10, electrifying a lead connected with a target electric connector corresponding to the target device when the target device triggers the working state.
In this embodiment, for any one of the mK-stage very low temperature regions provided by the insulating vacuum tank, the electrical connector may be disposed at a junction between the target temperature region and an adjacent temperature region of the target temperature region, and two electrodes of the closed air chamber in the electrical connector are respectively located in the target temperature region and the adjacent temperature region.
The adjacent temperature zone of the target temperature zone may be a very low temperature zone provided by an adjacent insulated vacuum tank or a room temperature zone outside the insulated vacuum tank, for example, when an electrical connector is provided between a control device in a dilution refrigerator and the insulated vacuum tank, or, for example, when there is a gap between the insulated vacuum tanks, the adjacent temperature zone of the target temperature zone may be a room temperature zone between two insulated vacuum tanks.
The electrical connector is connected to a low-temperature electronic device in the thermally insulated vacuum tank, and any one of the electronic devices in the thermally insulated vacuum tank is hereinafter referred to as a target device, and the target device may be, for example, a quantum chip, a cooler, a superconducting quantum interferometer, an ultra-low temperature sensor, or the like, without limitation.
In the quantum computer system, the electric connector connected with the target device is called a target electric connector, and it should be noted that the target electric connector and the target device are in the same circuit, the on-off state of the target electric connector can directly influence the current conducting state of the target device, when the target electric connector is conducted, the circuit in which the target device is located is in a channel state, and when the target electric connector is disconnected, the circuit in which the target device is located is in an off state. In the specific embodiment, one electric connector may be connected to one target device, or one electric connector may be connected to a plurality of target devices, where the plurality of target devices correspond to the same target electric connector.
The manner in which the external computer determines that the target device triggers the operating state is not limited herein, and may be set according to the function or actual requirement of the target device, which is not limited herein. For example, in one possible implementation, the external computer may determine that the target device triggers an operational state when a control command is received; in another possible implementation, the external computer may also determine the trigger operating state of the target device according to a certain period, which is not limited herein.
And step S20, when the target device is determined to trigger the dormant state, the power of the lead connected with the target electric connector is cut off.
When the external computer determines that the target device triggers the sleep state, the external computer cuts off the power of the wires connected with the electric connector, and the mode of determining that the target device triggers the sleep state is not limited.
In this embodiment, the electrical connector in this embodiment conducts a circuit through the gas with a lower thermal conductivity, and compared with a conventional metal electrical connector used in a dilution refrigerator, the embodiment can reduce thermal conduction of the electrical connector through the gas with a low thermal conductivity while ensuring normal use of an electronic device, thereby reducing heat loss caused by the electrical connector and improving refrigeration effect of the dilution refrigerator.
Illustratively, in one possible embodiment, the target device may be a temperature sensor of the dilution refrigerator, the temperature sensor being used to collect the temperature in the insulated vacuum tank to provide temperature controllability to the insulated vacuum tank. In this embodiment, the external computer may control the input voltage according to a preset temperature acquisition period, and conduct the circuit in which the temperature sensor is located, so as to implement energizing of the wires connected to the electrical connector, thereby implementing temperature acquisition of the temperature sensor according to the preset period; after the external computer determines that the temperature sensor completes the temperature acquisition, the power of the wires connected with the electric connector is cut off, specifically, the external computer can determine that the temperature sensor completes the temperature acquisition after receiving the acquisition data fed back by the temperature sensor, or preset the acquisition time length in the computer, and after the computer reaches the acquisition time length, determine that the temperature sensor completes the temperature acquisition, or judge whether the temperature acquisition is completed in other modes, and the method is not limited. In this embodiment, the temperature data is collected according to the preset period through the on-off of the electric connector, compared with the continuous collection of the temperature sensor, the unnecessary energy consumption can be reduced in this embodiment, and simultaneously, the electric connector conducts through the gas with lower heat conductivity coefficient, and when guaranteeing the normal use of the cable, the heat conduction of the electric connector is reduced, thereby reducing the heat loss caused by the electric connector, and improving the refrigeration effect of the dilution refrigerator.
Further, in some possible embodiments, when the electrical connector is disposed between the room temperature region and the very low temperature region, the electrical connector may further include a heating device, where the heating device includes a heating element disposed on an outer wall of the closed air chamber corresponding to the room temperature electrode, and the room temperature electrode is an electrode located in the room temperature region of the two electrodes. The external computer can control the current intensity of the circuit connected with the electric connector by controlling the temperature rising temperature of the heating element in the heating device, specifically, when the easily ionized gas in the closed gas chamber is ionized, the heating device is used for heating the closed gas chamber, so that the heat emission of free electrons in the closed gas chamber can be increased, the current power of the current formed between the two electrodes in the closed gas chamber is improved, and the current intensity of the circuit connected with the electric connector is improved.
In this embodiment, the external computer may obtain the target current intensity required by the circuit connected to the electrical connector, and then the control system of the heating device determines the target heating temperature corresponding to the target current intensity, and the external computer controls the heating device to heat according to the target heating temperature, where the target current intensity and the target heating temperature form a positive correlation. In a specific embodiment, a mapping relationship between the current intensity and the temperature rise temperature may be preset in an external computer, and the external computer obtains the target temperature rise temperature by querying the mapping relationship according to the target current intensity.
The invention also provides a microwave circuit, which comprises the electric connector of each embodiment. The specific structure of the electrical connector refers to the above embodiments, and since the microwave circuit adopts all the technical solutions of all the embodiments, the electrical connector has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the embodiments, and will not be described in detail herein.
The invention also provides a quantum computer system, which comprises the microwave circuit provided by the embodiment, and the specific structure of the microwave circuit refers to the embodiment, and as the microwave circuit adopts all the technical schemes of all the embodiments, the quantum computer system at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical schemes of the embodiments, and the detailed description is omitted.
The foregoing description is only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The electric connector is characterized by comprising a plug and a jack, wherein the plug comprises a plug shell, a first hollow insulating layer and a closed air chamber, the plug shell is wrapped outside the first hollow insulating layer and the closed air chamber, the first hollow insulating layer is arranged on one side close to the top end of the plug, and the closed air chamber is arranged on one side adjacent to the first hollow insulating layer and far away from the top end of the plug, wherein the top end of the plug is one end of the plug, which is contacted with the jack;
Two electrodes which are not contacted with each other are arranged on the inner wall of the closed air chamber and are used for connecting wires, and the closed air chamber is filled with easily ionized gas;
when the lead wire connected with any one of the two electrodes is electrified, the Yi Dianli gas is ionized, and a current path is formed between the two electrodes;
when the leads connected with the two electrodes are not electrified, the easy-to-ionize gas is not ionized, and the closed air chamber is not conducted with current;
The first hollow insulating layer and the plug shell form a groove for plugging the jack;
The jack comprises a jack shell and a second hollow insulating layer, wherein the jack shell is wrapped outside the second hollow insulating layer and forms a convex layer which is matched and spliced with the groove at the top end of the jack, and the top end of the jack is one end of the jack, which is contacted with the top end of the plug.
2. The electrical connector of claim 1, wherein the housing of the hermetic chamber is a layer of low thermal conductivity semiconductor material.
3. The electrical connector of claim 1, wherein the Yi Dianli gas is at least one of mercury vapor and an inert gas.
4. The electrical connector of claim 3, wherein the inert gas is at least one of neon, argon, and helium.
5. The electrical connector of claim 1, further comprising a heating device comprising a heating element disposed on an outer wall of the closed air chamber corresponding to a room temperature electrode, wherein the room temperature electrode is an electrode located in a room temperature region of the two electrodes;
the control circuit of the heating device is independent of the circuit connected with the electric connector;
The heating device is used for heating the closed air chamber according to a target heating temperature corresponding to target current intensity, wherein the target current intensity is required by a circuit connected with the electric connector, and the target current intensity and the target heating temperature are in positive correlation.
6. The electric connector is characterized by comprising a plug and a jack, wherein the plug comprises a plug shell and a first hollow insulating layer, the plug shell is wrapped outside the first hollow insulating layer and forms a groove for plugging the jack with the first hollow insulating layer, and the top end of the plug is one end of the plug, which is contacted with the jack;
The jack comprises a jack shell, a second hollow insulating layer and a closed air chamber, wherein the jack shell is wrapped outside the second hollow insulating layer and the closed air chamber, the second hollow insulating layer is arranged on one side close to the top end of the jack and forms a convex layer matched and spliced with the groove with the jack shell, and the closed air chamber is arranged on one side adjacent to the second hollow insulating layer and far away from the top end of the jack, wherein the top end of the jack is one end of the jack, which is contacted with the top end of the plug;
Two electrodes which are not contacted with each other are arranged on the inner wall of the closed air chamber and are used for connecting wires, and the closed air chamber is filled with easily ionized gas;
when the lead wire connected with any one of the two electrodes is electrified, the Yi Dianli gas is ionized, and a current path is formed between the two electrodes;
When the leads connected with the two electrodes are not electrified, the easy-to-ionize gas is not ionized, and the closed air chamber is not conducted with current.
7. The electrical connector of claim 6, wherein the housing of the hermetic chamber is a layer of low thermal conductivity semiconductor material.
8. The electrical connector of claim 6, wherein the Yi Dianli gas is at least one of mercury vapor and an inert gas.
9. The electrical connector of claim 8, wherein the inert gas is at least one of neon, argon, and helium.
10. The electrical connector of claim 6, further comprising a heating device comprising a heating element disposed on an outer wall of the closed air chamber corresponding to a room temperature electrode, wherein the room temperature electrode is an electrode located in a room temperature region of the two electrodes;
the control circuit of the heating device is independent of the circuit connected with the electric connector;
The heating device is used for heating the closed air chamber according to a target heating temperature corresponding to target current intensity, wherein the target current intensity is required by a circuit connected with the electric connector, and the target current intensity and the target heating temperature are in positive correlation.
11. A control method, characterized in that the control method is applied to the electrical connector according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or 6 to 10, the method comprising:
electrifying a lead connected with a target electric connector corresponding to a target device when the target device triggers a working state;
and when the target device is determined to trigger the dormant state, the wires connected with the target electric connector are powered off.
12. A microwave circuit comprising an electrical connector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 or 6 to 10.
13. A quantum computer system comprising the microwave circuit of claim 12.
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| CN101365287A (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-11 | 修谷鲁电子机器股份有限公司 | Jointing connector for ionizer and connecting type ionizer |
| CN110265828A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-09-20 | 中国航天员科研训练中心 | A kind of high voltage high vacuum seal electric connector |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN219498315U (en) * | 2023-01-16 | 2023-08-08 | 本源量子计算科技（合肥）股份有限公司 | Connector assembly |
| CN116315800A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-06-23 | 安徽光纤光缆传输技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第八研究所) | Multi-core high-voltage airtight connector |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101365287A (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-11 | 修谷鲁电子机器股份有限公司 | Jointing connector for ionizer and connecting type ionizer |
| CN110265828A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-09-20 | 中国航天员科研训练中心 | A kind of high voltage high vacuum seal electric connector |
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