CN118171495B - Method and system for constant volume of open type bus charging station - Google Patents
Method and system for constant volume of open type bus charging station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for fixing volume of an open bus charging station, belonging to the field of charging station fixing volume planning, and comprising the following steps: simulating the traffic flow of each preset period in the open period, and obtaining the traffic flow peak period according to the traffic flow; according to the simulated traffic flow in the electricity consumption peak period, obtaining the electricity consumption in the electricity consumption peak period, and adding an energy storage battery for the charging station; constructing a cost model of the charging station based on the cost of the energy storage battery, and calculating the construction cost of the charging station under different numbers of charging piles; based on the M/M/s/K queuing model, calculating the average queuing time of the charging station when the electric vehicle is charged when different charging piles are planned; Construction cost of charging stations based on different numbers of charging piles and average queuing time during charging of electric vehicleAn optimal number of charging posts for the charging station is determined. The method can relieve the power grid load in the power utilization peak time period and is also beneficial to reducing the queuing time of users.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of charging station constant volume planning, in particular to a method and a system for constant volume of an open bus charging station.
Background
With the improvement of the living standard of people and the acceleration of the urban process, the consumption of fossil energy is continuously increased, so that the problems of environmental pollution, climate change and the like are gradually highlighted. Solving the energy shortage and environmental problems has become one of the important tasks to be solved in the society today. In order to realize sustainable development, the development of new energy is promoted by the great force of society. In the field of new energy, electric automobiles and electric buses are regarded as important choices for replacing traditional fuel vehicles in the future. The electric automobile has the advantages of zero emission, low energy consumption, low noise and the like, and can remarkably reduce air pollution and noise pollution. The electric bus plays an important role in the field of urban traffic, and provides an environment-friendly and efficient solution for urban traffic. With the widespread development of electric vehicles and electric buses, the demand for charging infrastructure is also increasing. Therefore, the construction of charging stations has become one of the research areas of interest to many students.
With the increasing number of various charging stations, the problem of insufficient utilization rate of charging facilities is faced. Considering the uniqueness of bus operation, most of its operating time is concentrated in the daytime, so electric buses are often selected to be charged at night. In contrast, electric vehicles are more prone to charging during the day, resulting in significant differences in utilization of bus or electric vehicle charging stations over different time periods. In order to solve the problem, open type bus charging stations are appeared on the market, and the bus charging stations are open to the outside in daytime.
However, the open bus charging station is open to the outside, meaning that the original power grid of the charging station needs to meet the charging requirements of the electric vehicle and the electric bus at the same time, and the lack of constant volume strategy of the open bus charging station in the prior art often causes additional burden to the original power grid of the charging station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for fixing the volume of an open type bus charging station, which are used for solving the technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for fixing volume of an open type bus charging station comprises the following specific steps:
S1: adopting a traffic flow simulation algorithm to simulate traffic flow of the charging station in each preset time period in the opening time period, and obtaining traffic flow peak period of the charging station according to the simulated traffic flow of each preset time period, wherein the traffic flow peak period is the electricity consumption peak period of the electric automobile;
s2: according to the simulated traffic flow of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period, the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period is obtained, an energy storage battery is additionally arranged for the charging station, and the capacity of the energy storage battery is the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period;
S3: constructing a cost model of the charging station based on the cost of the energy storage battery, and calculating the construction cost of the charging station when planning different numbers of charging piles;
S4: based on the M/M/s/K queuing model, calculating the average queuing time of the charging station when the electric vehicle is charged when different charging piles are planned ；
S5: construction cost of charging stations based on different numbers of charging piles and average queuing time during charging of electric vehicleAn optimal number of charging posts for the charging station is determined.
Further, in step S3,
The cost model of the charging station is:
Wherein, The cost is fixed for the charging station,For the cost of the energy storage cell,For the annual operating costs of the charging station,Is the construction cost of the charging station.
Further, charging station fixed costThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Representing the land cost of the charging station,Representing the first of the different numbers of charging piles planned for the charging stationThe number of charging piles planned by the charging station,Representing the unit price of the charging pile of the charging station,Representing equivalent coefficients of matched facilities of the charging pile in the charging station;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of Represents the capital recovery coefficientThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, For a fixed cost of the charging station to be a discount rate,The depreciated years of the costs for charging stations are fixed.
Further, energy storage battery costThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Representing the capacity of the energy storage battery,Represents the unit price per kWh of the energy storage cell,Representing the DC/DC converter cost of the energy storage battery,Transformer rectifier unit cost representing the energy storage battery;
DC/DC converter cost for energy storage battery The expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Representing the unit price per KW of the DC/DC converter of the energy storage battery,Representing the maximum output power of the charging pile in the charging station;
Transformer rectifier unit cost of energy storage battery The expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Represents the unit price per kW of transformer rectifier units of the energy storage battery,Representing the duration of the low-electricity consumption period of the whole day;
Energy storage battery capacity The expression of (2) is:
represents the lowest electric quantity early warning value of the energy storage battery, Representing the highest electric quantity early warning value of the energy storage battery,Representing the total amount of electricity required during peak time of the whole day;
The expression of (2) is:
Wherein, A set of peak electricity usage periods representing open periods,The first of the collection of peak electricity consumption time periods representing open time periodsAnd the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the charging station in the peak time period.
Further, annual operating costsThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, ，Representing the cost of a daily charging station to draw power from the grid, the expression is:
Wherein, Representing deep valleys, low valleys and a collection of time periods at ordinary times,Representative ofMiddle (f)The price of electricity released by the power grid in each time period,Representing the electricity prices released by the grid during the off-peak period,The electricity price issued by the power grid representing the last preset period of time the charging station is open,Representing the average daily required electric quantity of each electric bus;
Representing time cost, the expression is:
Wherein, Represents the annual average income of residents in the area where the charging station is located,Represents the average annual working time of residents in the area where the charging station is located,Representing the average maximum tolerated distance for the owner to travel to the charging station,Representing the average travel speed to the charging station,Representing the average queuing time for the vehicle owner to arrive at the charging station,Representing the number of electric vehicles charged in the charging station of the vehicle owner on the current day.
Further, in step S4, based on the M/S/K queuing model, an average queuing time of the charging station when the electric vehicle is charged is calculated when different numbers of charging piles are plannedThe method comprises the following steps:
based on the M/M/s/K queuing model, calculating the probability of customers not charged in the charging station ，The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Indicating the maximum capacity of the charging station, ，Representing the number of charging posts in the charging station,Representing the number of electric vehicles within the charging station that need to be charged,Indicating the charge service density of the electric vehicle,The ratio of the charging service density to the number of charging piles in the charging station is represented;
Based on probability of no charging customer in charging station Calculating the loss rate of charging customers in a charging stationLoss rate of charging customer in charging stationThe expression of (2) is:
Loss rate based on charging customer in charging station Calculating average queuing captainAverage queuing captainThe expression of (2) is:
Based on average queuing captain Calculating average queuing timeAverage queuing timeThe expression of (2) is:
，
Lambda represents the average hourly traffic flow, Representing the churn rate of the charging customer at the maximum capacity of the charging station.
Further, the expression of the charging service density ρ of the electric vehicle is:
where λ represents the average hourly traffic flow in the charging station and μ represents the charging station service rate.
Further, a constraint is constructed:
Wherein s represents the number of charging piles in the charging station, Indicating the charging station maximum capacity.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
Wherein,Representing the average maximum tolerated queuing time for the charging customer.
A system for open bus charging station sizing, the system comprising:
The first unit is used for simulating the traffic flow of the charging station in each preset time period in the opening time period by adopting a traffic flow simulation algorithm, and obtaining the traffic flow peak period of the charging station according to the simulated traffic flow of each preset time period, wherein the traffic flow peak period is the electricity utilization peak period of the electric automobile;
the second unit is used for obtaining the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period according to the simulated traffic flow of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period, and adding an energy storage battery for the charging station, wherein the capacity of the energy storage battery is the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period;
the cost calculation unit is used for constructing a cost model of the charging station based on the cost of the energy storage battery and calculating the construction cost of the charging station under different numbers of the charging piles;
The average queuing time solving unit is used for calculating the average queuing time of the charging station when the electric vehicle is charged when different charging piles are planned based on the M/M/s/K queuing model ；
Charging station constant volume unit for charging station construction cost and average queuing time during charging electric vehicle based on different charging pile numberAn optimal number of charging posts for the charging station is determined.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention realizes the constant volume of the open type bus charging station, and the energy storage battery is additionally arranged in the charging station, so that the power grid load in the electricity utilization peak time period can be relieved.
According to the invention, the number of the charging piles of the charging station is reasonably planned by using the M/M/s/K queuing model, and the planned number of the charging piles is beneficial to reducing the queuing time of charging users of the electric automobile.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow chart of a method of sizing an open bus charging station of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a simulation algorithm of the method of the present invention for sizing an open bus charging station;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the electricity consumption results during peak hours of the method of the present invention for sizing an open bus charging station;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the number of charging piles and construction cost of the method of sizing an open bus charging station according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the queuing time of the method of sizing an open bus charging station and the tendency of the churning rate of charging customers in the charging station according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 shows a graph of electricity cost versus analysis of an added energy storage facility versus an unaddressed energy storage facility of the method of the present invention for sizing an open bus charging station.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are by way of example only and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following description may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements that are expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Accordingly, the above terms are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
It will be understood that the terms "a" and "an" should be interpreted as referring to "at least one" or "one or more," i.e., in one embodiment, the number of elements may be one, while in another embodiment, the number of elements may be plural, and the term "a" should not be interpreted as limiting the number.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a method for sizing an open bus charging station according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below, wherein the charging pile is powered during a peak period of electricity consumption by adding an energy storage battery, the energy storage battery is charged during a valley period and discharged during a peak period, so as to further relieve the load of the power grid during the peak period of electricity consumption, and reduce the electricity consumption cost. It can be understood that which time periods are the valley time period and the peak time period are judged according to the time period price issued by the Shandong power grid. The method specifically comprises the steps S1-S5.
S1: and simulating the traffic flow of the charging station in each preset time period in the opening time period by adopting a traffic flow simulation algorithm, and obtaining the traffic flow peak period of the charging station according to the simulated traffic flow in each preset time period, wherein the traffic flow peak period is the electricity consumption peak period of the electric automobile.
S2: and according to the simulated traffic flow of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period, obtaining the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period, and adding an energy storage battery for the charging station, wherein the capacity of the energy storage battery is the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period.
S3: and constructing a cost model of the charging station based on the cost of the energy storage battery, and calculating the construction cost of the charging station when planning different numbers of the charging piles.
S4: based on the M/M/s/K queuing model, calculating the average queuing time of the charging station when the electric vehicle is charged when different charging piles are planned。
S5: construction cost of charging stations based on different numbers of charging piles and average queuing time during charging of electric vehicleAn optimal number of charging posts for the charging station is determined. The constant volume of the open bus charging station is the optimal number of charging piles of the charging station.
For the opened bus charging station, the charging station is opened to the social vehicle only at a ratio of 6:00-20:00, wherein the opened time period is 6:00-20:00, and the charging station is specially used for providing charging service for the bus at a ratio of 21:00-5:00, so that the problem of low charging station utilization rate can be effectively solved. And acquiring the electricity consumption in the electricity consumption peak time period according to the charging requirement of each time period, and constructing a corresponding energy storage facility. During this period of 6:00-9:00, the taxi starts a day of work, while the private car just ends a night shift home. 11:00-13:00 are typically peak periods of taxi charging, because during such periods, the taxi driver may wait for charging while taking lunch or rest. 17:00-20:00 are generally peak hours when the private car goes home from work, so the private car is charged more during this period.
It can be understood that the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm is adopted to obtain the traffic flow of the electric automobile in the electricity utilization peak period according to the storage quantity of the existing electric automobile and the travel rules of various electric automobiles.
And according to the traffic flow of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period, obtaining the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period, and determining the capacity of the energy storage battery to be added in the charging station. With reference to fig. 3, after the energy storage battery is additionally arranged, through multiple simulation analysis, the power grid load in the peak time period can be relieved, and the annual operation cost of the charging station can be reduced. In five years of operation of the energy storage battery, the electric quantity required by 52 times of electric automobile peak time exceeds the capacity of the energy storage battery, the exceeding rate is 3.562%, and the fact that the energy storage facility is used by the charging station can effectively relieve the load of the power grid in the power utilization peak time is explained.
Illustratively, the cost model of the charging station is:
Wherein, The cost is fixed for the charging station,For the cost of the energy storage cell,For the annual operating costs of the charging station,Is the construction cost of the charging station.
Fixed cost of charging stationThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Representing the land cost of the charging station,Representing the first of the different numbers of charging piles planned for the charging stationThe number of charging piles planned by the charging station,Representing the unit price of the charging pile of the charging station,Representing the equivalent coefficient of the matched facilities of the charging pile in the charging station.
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresents the capital recovery coefficientThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, For a fixed cost of the charging station to be a discount rate,The depreciated years of the costs for charging stations are fixed.
In this embodiment, the cost of the energy storage batteryThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Representing the capacity of the energy storage battery,Represents the unit price per kWh of the energy storage cell,Representing the DC/DC converter cost of the energy storage battery,Representing the cost of the transformer rectifier unit of the energy storage battery.
DC/DC converter cost for energy storage batteryThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Representing the unit price per KW of the DC/DC converter of the energy storage battery,Representing the maximum output power of the charging peg within the charging station.
Transformer rectifier unit cost of energy storage batteryThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Represents the unit price per kW of transformer rectifier units of the energy storage battery,Representing the duration of the full day electricity usage valley period.
Energy storage battery capacityThe expression of (2) is:
represents the lowest electric quantity early warning value of the energy storage battery, Representing the highest electric quantity early warning value of the energy storage battery,Representing the total power required during peak hours of the whole day.
The expression of (2) is:
Wherein, A set of peak electricity usage periods representing open periods,The first of the collection of peak electricity consumption time periods representing open time periodsAnd the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the charging station in the peak time period.
Annual cost of operationThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, ，Representing the cost of a daily charging station to draw power from the grid, the expression is:
Wherein, Representing deep valleys, low valleys and a collection of time periods at ordinary times,Representative ofMiddle (f)The price of electricity released by the power grid in each time period,Representing the electricity prices released by the grid during the off-peak period,The electricity price issued by the power grid representing the last preset period of time the charging station is open,Representing the average daily required electric quantity of each electric bus;
Representing time cost, the expression is:
Wherein, Represents the annual average income of residents in the area where the charging station is located,Represents the average annual working time of residents in the area where the charging station is located,Representing the average maximum tolerated distance for the owner to travel to the charging station,Representing the average travel speed to the charging station,Representing the average queuing time for the vehicle owner to arrive at the charging station,Representing the number of electric vehicles charged in the charging station of the vehicle owner on the current day.
In step S4, in the M/M/S/K queuing model, the first M refers to the negative exponential distribution of the parameter lambda of the sequential arrival time of the customer, namely the arrival process of the customer is Poisson flow. The second M refers to the distribution of the service time of the charging piles in the charging station, and the parameter is the negative exponential distribution of mu. Where s represents the number of charging posts in the charging station and K represents the maximum capacity of the charging station, serviced according to a First Come First Served (FCFS) rule. Based on the M/M/s/K queuing model, calculating the average queuing time of the charging station when the electric vehicle is charged when different charging piles are plannedThe method comprises the following steps:
based on the M/M/s/K queuing model, calculating the probability of customers not charged in the charging station ，The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Indicating the maximum capacity of the charging station, Representing the number of charging posts in the charging station,，Representing the number of electric vehicles within the charging station that need to be charged,Indicating the charge service density of the electric vehicle,And the ratio of the charging service density to the number of charging piles in the charging station is represented.
Based on probability of no charging customer in charging stationCalculating the loss rate of charging customers in a charging stationLoss rate of charging customer in charging stationThe expression of (2) is:
Loss rate based on charging customer in charging station Calculating average queuing captainAverage queuing captainThe expression of (2) is:
Based on average queuing captain Calculating average queuing timeAverage queuing timeThe expression of (2) is:
，
Lambda represents the average hourly traffic flow, Representing the churn rate of the charging customer at the maximum capacity of the charging station.
Illustratively, the expression of the charging service density ρ of the electric vehicle is:
Wherein lambda represents the average hourly traffic flow in the charging station, the 24-hour total traffic flow is obtained according to a traffic flow simulation algorithm, and the average value of the traffic flows in 24 hours is taken, so that the average hourly traffic flow lambda, namely the arrival rate, is obtained, and mu represents the service rate of the charging station.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the electric bus can be fully charged in a non-operating period, the number of charging piles is limited to be at least not lower than the charging station capacity K/2, and at most not exceeding the charging station capacity K:
Wherein, Representing the number of charging posts in the charging station,Representing the maximum capacity of the charging station. In the present embodiment of the present invention,And 26, taking.
Meanwhile, in order to reduce the loss rate of charging customers of the charging station, the average queuing time is ensured not to exceed the maximum tolerant queuing time:
Wherein, Representing the average maximum tolerated queuing time for the charging customer.
Illustratively, when the energy storage battery is selected, the service life of the energy storage battery is expressed as:
，
Wherein, Representing the maximum useful life of the energy storage battery,Representing the maximum cycle life of the vehicle,Representing the maximum shelf life of the container,Representing the number of complete cycles per day,Representing the charging station planning year. In the present embodiment of the present invention,The value is 10.
The decay expression of the energy storage battery is:
，
Wherein, Representing the degree of decay of the charging station energy storage battery,Representing the attenuation coefficient. In the present embodiment of the present invention,The value of (2) is 20%.
According to fig. 4, the optimal number of charging piles is determined to be 22, and the average queuing time is 2.216 minutes at the moment, so that the maximum tolerant queuing time standard is met. The drain rate of the charging station is 4.109%, and the total construction cost of the charging station is 4997048 yuan. Through simulation of the charging station, all results from the minimum number of charging piles to the maximum number of charging piles are simulated, the maximum queuing time is set to be 6 minutes, and the minimum construction cost is selected within the range, so that the optimal number of charging piles is determined to be 22.
The invention also provides a system for fixing the volume of the open type bus charging station, which comprises:
The first unit is used for simulating the traffic flow of the charging station in each preset time period in the open time period by adopting a traffic flow simulation algorithm, and obtaining the traffic flow peak period of the charging station according to the simulated traffic flow of each preset time period, wherein the traffic flow peak period is the electricity utilization peak period of the electric automobile. The algorithm simulation is as shown in fig. 2, and it is first determined whether the current time period is a peak time period of electric vehicle charging. If the charging period is the peak period, the random function is used for setting the charging quantity range of the electric automobile in the period, otherwise, if the charging period is the valley period, the charging quantity range of the electric automobile in the period is set.
The second unit is used for obtaining the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period according to the simulated traffic flow of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period, and adding an energy storage battery for the charging station, wherein the capacity of the energy storage battery is the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period.
And the cost calculation unit is used for constructing a cost model of the charging station based on the cost of the energy storage battery and calculating the construction cost of the charging station under different numbers of the charging piles.
The average queuing time solving unit is used for calculating the average queuing time of the charging station when the electric vehicle is charged when different charging piles are planned based on the M/M/s/K queuing model。
Charging station constant volume unit for charging station construction cost and average queuing time during charging electric vehicle based on different charging pile numberAn optimal number of charging posts for the charging station is determined.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the embodiments of the invention described above and shown in the drawings are by way of example only and are not limiting. The advantages of the present invention have been fully and effectively realized. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the examples and embodiments of the invention may be modified or practiced without departing from the principles described.
Claims (8)
1. The method for fixing the volume of the open type bus charging station is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
S1: adopting a traffic flow simulation algorithm to simulate traffic flow of the charging station in each preset time period in the opening time period, and obtaining traffic flow peak period of the charging station according to the simulated traffic flow of each preset time period, wherein the traffic flow peak period is the electricity consumption peak period of the electric automobile;
s2: according to the simulated traffic flow of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period, the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period is obtained, an energy storage battery is additionally arranged for the charging station, and the capacity of the energy storage battery is the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period;
S3: constructing a cost model of the charging station based on the cost of the energy storage battery, and calculating the construction cost of the charging station when planning different numbers of charging piles;
S4: based on the M/M/s/K queuing model, calculating the average queuing time of the charging station when the electric vehicle is charged when different charging piles are planned ；
S5: construction cost of charging stations based on different numbers of charging piles and average queuing time during charging of electric vehicleDetermining the optimal number of charging piles of the charging station;
In the step S3 of the process,
The cost model of the charging station is:
Wherein, The cost is fixed for the charging station,For the cost of the energy storage cell,For the annual operating costs of the charging station,The construction cost of the charging station;
Fixed cost of charging station The expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Representing the land cost of the charging station,Representing the first of the different numbers of charging piles planned for the charging stationThe number of charging piles planned by the charging station,Representing the unit price of the charging pile of the charging station,Representing equivalent coefficients of matched facilities of the charging pile in the charging station;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of Represents the capital recovery coefficientThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, For a fixed cost of the charging station to be a discount rate,The depreciated years of the costs for charging stations are fixed.
2. The method of opening a bus charging station to capacity as defined in claim 1, wherein the cost of the energy storage battery isThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Representing the capacity of the energy storage battery,Represents the unit price per kWh of the energy storage cell,Representing the DC/DC converter cost of the energy storage battery,Transformer rectifier unit cost representing the energy storage battery;
DC/DC converter cost for energy storage battery The expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Representing the unit price per KW of the DC/DC converter of the energy storage battery,Representing the maximum output power of the charging pile in the charging station;
Transformer rectifier unit cost of energy storage battery The expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Represents the unit price per kW of transformer rectifier units of the energy storage battery,Representing the duration of the low-electricity consumption period of the whole day;
Energy storage battery capacity The expression of (2) is:
represents the lowest electric quantity early warning value of the energy storage battery, Representing the highest electric quantity early warning value of the energy storage battery,Representing the total amount of electricity required during peak time of the whole day;
The expression of (2) is:
Wherein, A set of peak electricity usage periods representing open periods,The first of the collection of peak electricity consumption time periods representing open time periodsAnd the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the charging station in the peak time period.
3. The method of opening bus charging station constant volume of claim 2, wherein annual operating costsThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, ，Representing the cost of a daily charging station to draw power from the grid, the expression is:
Wherein, Representing deep valleys, low valleys and a collection of time periods at ordinary times,Representative ofMiddle (f)The price of electricity released by the power grid in each time period,Representing the electricity prices released by the grid during the off-peak period,The electricity price issued by the power grid representing the last preset period of time the charging station is open,Representing the average daily required electric quantity of each electric bus;
Representing time cost, the expression is:
Wherein, Represents the annual average income of residents in the area where the charging station is located,Represents the average annual working time of residents in the area where the charging station is located,Representing the average maximum tolerated distance for the owner to travel to the charging station,Representing the average travel speed to the charging station,Representing the average queuing time for the vehicle owner to arrive at the charging station,Representing the number of electric vehicles charged in the charging station of the vehicle owner on the current day.
4. The method for constant volume of open bus charging station according to claim 3, wherein in step S4, based on the M/S/K queuing model, the average queuing time of charging the electric vehicle when the charging station plans different numbers of charging piles is calculatedThe method comprises the following steps:
based on the M/M/s/K queuing model, calculating the probability of customers not charged in the charging station ，The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Indicating the maximum capacity of the charging station, ，Representing the number of electric vehicles within the charging station that need to be charged,Indicating the charge service density of the electric vehicle,The ratio of the charging service density to the number of charging piles in the charging station is represented;
Based on probability of no charging customer in charging station Calculating the loss rate of charging customers in a charging stationLoss rate of charging customer in charging stationThe expression of (2) is:
Loss rate based on charging customer in charging station Calculating average queuing captainAverage queuing captainThe expression of (2) is:
Based on average queuing captain Calculating average queuing timeAverage queuing timeThe expression of (2) is:
，
Lambda represents the average hourly traffic flow, Representing the churn rate of the charging customer at the maximum capacity of the charging station.
5. The method of opening a bus charging station to capacity as set forth in claim 4, wherein the charging service density ρ of the electric vehicle is expressed as:
where λ represents the average hourly traffic flow in the charging station and μ represents the charging station service rate.
6. The method of opening a bus station to capacity as in claim 5,。
7. The method of sizing an open bus charging station as recited in claim 3, wherein,
Wherein,Representing the average maximum tolerated queuing time for the charging customer.
8. A system for sizing an open bus charging station, the system comprising:
The first unit is used for simulating the traffic flow of the charging station in each preset time period in the opening time period by adopting a traffic flow simulation algorithm, and obtaining the traffic flow peak period of the charging station according to the simulated traffic flow of each preset time period, wherein the traffic flow peak period is the electricity utilization peak period of the electric automobile;
the second unit is used for obtaining the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period according to the simulated traffic flow of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period, and adding an energy storage battery for the charging station, wherein the capacity of the energy storage battery is the electricity consumption of the electric automobile in the electricity consumption peak period;
the cost calculation unit is used for constructing a cost model of the charging station based on the cost of the energy storage battery and calculating the construction cost of the charging station under different numbers of the charging piles;
The average queuing time solving unit is used for calculating the average queuing time of the charging station when the electric vehicle is charged when different charging piles are planned based on the M/M/s/K queuing model ；
Charging station constant volume unit for charging station construction cost and average queuing time during charging electric vehicle based on different charging pile numberDetermining the optimal number of charging piles of the charging station;
In the cost calculation unit, the cost model of the charging station is:
Wherein, The cost is fixed for the charging station,For the cost of the energy storage cell,For the annual operating costs of the charging station,The construction cost of the charging station;
Fixed cost of charging station The expression of (2) is:
Wherein, Representing the land cost of the charging station,Representing the first of the different numbers of charging piles planned for the charging stationThe number of charging piles planned by the charging station,Representing the unit price of the charging pile of the charging station,Representing equivalent coefficients of matched facilities of the charging pile in the charging station;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of Represents the capital recovery coefficientThe expression of (2) is:
Wherein, For a fixed cost of the charging station to be a discount rate,The depreciated years of the costs for charging stations are fixed.
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