DE202020101526U1 - Integrated power supply station - Google Patents

Abstract

Integrated power supply station (10) for electrically powered vehicles with or without changing device (42), for vehicles (14) driven by a hybrid drive, characterized in that the integrated power supply station (10): - at least one battery changing station (20) with a working memory of at least 1 MW, - at least one mobile plug-in container (22) with a number of plug-in charging connections (24), - at least one converter station (26) with an energy management system and at least one battery management system per interchangeable package or plug-in used Containers (22) for charging batteries (18) from the at least one battery charging station (20), as components for at least one storage battery for dual use (dual use) as a power source for vehicles (12, 14) on the one hand or as a network storage for electrical ones Energy for continuous network stabilization on supply networks (28) on the other hand, - one Supplementary, supporting security storage from second-life batteries for high demand peaks in the context of balancing energy provision and shopping and snack opportunities (30).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to an integrated power supply station for electrically powered vehicles with and without a battery changing device and for vehicles powered by a hybrid drive. The integrated power supply station is used for the controlled charging of accumulators in removable battery storage and in plug-in battery storage containers as well as for the provision of storage capacity for the control energy requirement to minimize the loads on affected power distribution networks. Furthermore, the integrated power supply station represents a time- and cost-saving alternative to a comprehensive installation and use of DC and AC charging stations.

State of the art

US 8,022,666 B2 refers to an electrical public transportation system. An electrical public transportation system is proposed which comprises electrically powered buses, which have a cassette battery and which comprise a bus-integrated control system, a charging station and a loading and unloading device. If said bus requires a change of the cassette-like battery, said cassette battery is removed from the bus by means of the loading and unloading system and a charged, cassette-like battery is reinstalled in the bus. Both the charging station and the loading and unloading device are equipped with their own control systems that communicate with the control system integrated in the bus. The cassette-like battery is charged during low load times of a supply network, so that the said transport system saves energy, which benefits the environment. Furthermore, the proposed system is extremely fast in terms of charging and loading the cassette-shaped battery. Furthermore, the automated battery replacement proposed according to the invention can significantly improve the useful ratio of buses within public transport.

Presentation of the invention

• Die Mobilitätswende in Deutschland muss als ein langfristiges Projekt verstanden werden, das bis zu drei Jahrzehnte Umsetzungszeit, aber schnell wirksame Erfolge (schnelle Schadstoffreduzierung, optimierte Versorgungslogistik, rechtzeitige Sektorenkopplung) benötigt. Für diese Umstellung auf eine Mobilität ohne Treibhausgase müssen und können Infrastrukturen geschaffen werden,
  • • die offen sind für alle trendsetzenden Innovationsprozesse, einschließlich des Wechsels von Autoakkus, der Wasserstoff-Technologie, des Fahrens mit synthetischen Treibstoffen, Autonomes Fahren und eines Dual Use für die zukünftigen Virtuellen Kraftwerke;
  • • die statt einer flächendeckenden Ladesäulen-Monokultur mit bis zu 7 Millionen Ladesäulen (max. 5 E-Autos pro Säule und Tag bei Normalladen) ein deutschlandweites Netzwerk von max. 25.000 bis 30.000 Multi-E-Tankstellen bereitstellen und damit auch die alten Tankstellenstandorte für zukünftige Innovationssprünge sichern;
  • • die besonders bürger- und wirtschaftsnah sind, weil sie bei der E-Mobilität durch sehr kurze Bereitstellungszyklen (2 bis 3 Minuten) ohne die Lade-Wartezeiten arbeiten können, die sonst zu Einbußen an Wirtschaftlichkeit (s. Flotten) und Lebensqualität (s. Reisezeiten) führen;
  • • die konsequent nachhaltig und kostensparend arbeiten, weil sie durch ihr systemgegebenes gesteuertes Laden und doppelte Batterienutzung (für die E-Mobilität und als Akku-Speicher für das Smart Grid) den massiven Ausbau der Verteilnetze (TU München: über 20 Mrd. Euro für die Blackoutvorsorge) und ein kostenintensives Batterierecycling (Einsparung von 4 Zyklen gegenüber Schnelllade-Batterien realisierbar) überflüssig machen;
  • • die alle sonstigen Nachteile einer Ladesäulen-Monokultur wie die Verhinderung von Radwegen, die Beseitigung von Straßenbäumen, Vandalismus/Diebstahl, steigende Aufwände durch Genehmigungsverfahren, ständige Kontrollzwänge wie Eichamtsüberprüfungen, flächendeckende Wartungen und jahrzehntelange Tiefbauarbeiten bis hin zu Dauersubventionen und Bürgerprotesten vor Ort minimieren beziehungsweise weitgehend ausschließen;
  • • die zuerst dort ansetzen, wo schnell, kostenminimal und verbraucherfreundlich die Gefahr dauerhafter Fahrverbote für die Innenstädte gebannt werden kann: durch die zügige Elektrifizierung der städtischen Gewerbeflotten (Busse, Taxis, LKW, sonstige Nutzfahrzeuge), die bei einem Fahrzeuganteil von ca. 20 % gegenwärtig ca. 80 % der schädlichen Emissionen verursachen.

The integrated energy or power supply units are an adequate and differentiated answer to the current requirements for mobility infrastructures in Germany and beyond:

• The turnaround in mobility in Germany must be understood as a long-term project that requires up to three decades of implementation, but quick results (quick pollution reduction, optimized supply logistics, timely sector coupling). Infrastructures must and can be created for this switch to mobility without greenhouse gases,
  • • which are open to all trend-setting innovation processes, including the replacement of car batteries, hydrogen technology, driving with synthetic fuels, autonomous driving and dual use for the future virtual power plants;
  • • instead of a nationwide charging station monoculture with up to 7 million charging stations (max. 5 e-cars per column and day with normal shops) a nationwide network of max. Provide 25,000 to 30,000 multi-e-filling stations and thus secure the old filling station locations for future leaps in innovation;
  • • They are particularly citizen-friendly and economical, because they can work with e-mobility due to very short provision cycles (2 to 3 minutes) without the waiting times for charging, which would otherwise reduce efficiency (see fleets) and quality of life (see Travel times);
  • • who work consistently in a sustainable and cost-saving manner because, thanks to their system-controlled charging and double use of batteries (for e-mobility and as a storage battery for the smart grid), they massively expand the distribution networks (TU Munich: over 20 billion euros for Prevent blackout) and cost-intensive battery recycling (4 cycles can be saved compared to quick-charge batteries);
  • • which minimize or largely minimize all other disadvantages of a charging station monoculture such as the prevention of cycle paths, the elimination of street trees, vandalism / theft, increasing costs due to approval procedures, constant control requirements such as verification tests, comprehensive maintenance and decades of civil engineering work, including permanent subsidies and civil protests exclude;
  • • which start first where the risk of permanent driving bans for city centers can be averted quickly, cost-minimally and in a consumer-friendly manner: through the rapid electrification of urban commercial fleets (buses, taxis, trucks, other commercial vehicles), which, with a vehicle share of approx. 20% currently cause about 80% of harmful emissions.

• - mindestens eine Batteriewechselstation mit einem Arbeitsspeicher,
• - mindestens einen mobilen Plug-In-Container mit einer Anzahl von Plug-In-Ladeanschlüssen,
• - mindestens eine Umrichterstation und mindestens ein Batteriemanagementsystem pro Wechselpackage beziehungsweise eingesetzten Plug-In-Container zum Aufladen von Batterien aus der mindestens einen Batteriewechselstation als Komponenten für
• - mindestens einen Akkumulatorspeicher zur zweifachen Nutzung (Dual-Use) als Stromquelle für Fahrzeuge einerseits oder Netzspeicher für elektrische Energie zur fortlaufenden Netzstabilisierung von Versorgungsnetzwerken andererseits,
• - einen ergänzenden, unterstützenden Sicherheitsspeicher aus Second-Life-Batterien für hohe Nachfragespitzen im Rahmen einer Regelenergiebereitstellung und
• - Einkaufs- und Imbissmöglichkeiten

umfasst.According to the invention, an integrated power supply station for electrically powered Proposed vehicles or for vehicles powered by a hybrid drive, the integrated power supply station

• - at least one battery changing station with a working memory,
• - at least one mobile plug-in container with a number of plug-in charging ports,
• - At least one converter station and at least one battery management system per change package or plug-in container used to charge batteries from the at least one battery change station as components for
• at least one accumulator storage for dual use as a power source for vehicles on the one hand or network storage for electrical energy for the continuous stabilization of supply networks on the other hand,
• - an additional, supportive safety storage made of second-life batteries for high demand peaks in the context of balancing energy provision and
• - Shops and snack bars

includes.

The integrated power supply station can be used as a multi-e-filling station for cars, buses, trucks and other commercial vehicles, with the battery charging and discharging system used operating via the underbody (car) or laterally.

With the solution proposed according to the invention, existing petrol stations, at which fossil fuels are sold, can be converted into integrated power supply stations, at which, in particular, electric current, synthetic fuels, possibly also fuels based on fossil fuels, and in particular battery changes are carried out.

In a further development of the integrated power supply station, it comprises at least one mobile plug-in container which is able to provide a charging power of at least 0.7 MW.

Such a plug-in container can, if necessary, be replaced by freshly charged plug-in containers, the fresh charging being provided by e-trucks from excess electricity energy depots or, for example, from nearby wind turbines.

In a further development of the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention, the at least one mobile plug-in container is provided with up to 30 plug-in charging connections.

In a further development of the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention, this further comprises a petrol station module or a petrol pump, on which synthetic fuels can be filled.

In addition, it is provided in the integrated power supply station that it comprises a number of charging stations for charging batteries of electrically powered vehicles.

In a further embodiment of the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention, the at least one battery changing station is designed such that an exchangeable battery, for example arranged in the underbody of the electrically driven vehicle, can be replaced by means of an automated handling device.

In this context, the integrated power supply station is provided with at least one converter station, which is set up to connect available, exchanged batteries, and accordingly exhausted batteries, in parallel, so that excess electrical energy is stored as an intermediate store in the battery to be charged and intended for a vehicle drive can be.

In a development of the integrated power supply station, the at least one converter station is set up in such a way that the available, exchanged batteries are charged to increase the service life of the battery and conform to the requirements of the supply network.

In this regard, the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention has multiple uses in that a possibility for exchangeable batteries is created. On the one hand, these serve to drive vehicles as the first benefit and, in connection with the use of the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention, have the second benefit that they enable continuous network stabilization of supply networks by being recharged in accordance with the network and battery before they are recharged As part of the exchange of standardized vehicle batteries again serve as a drive source for a vehicle. However, this is only done when recharged.

The integrated power supply station for electrically operated vehicles or vehicles driven by a hybrid drive comprises at least one battery change station, the integrated power supply station comprising, in addition to the battery change station, at least one mobile plug-in container with a number of plug-in charging connections, with at least one converter station or a battery management system which stores the batteries of the battery change station to be charged as storage components for continuous network stabilization Charge energy supply networks with multiple uses (dual-use).

Advantages of the invention

The solution proposed according to the invention advantageously enables a coupling between the mobility sector and the power grid sector by means of a dual-use strategy. Instead of an area-wide charging station monoculture with up to several million charging stations, integrated power supply stations are provided, which on the one hand enable a battery change that only takes a few minutes compared to charging processes, and on the other hand ensure the supply with synthetic fuels. In addition, conventional charging stations can also be provided, on which batteries permanently installed in the vehicle can be charged at the integrated power supply station.

Through a double use of batteries (dual-use), the traction batteries, which can be exchanged in the vehicle, can function on the one hand for the drive of the vehicles and on the other hand as a power store as a buffer for the supply network. This would significantly, if not exclude, a massive expansion of energy distribution networks and the likelihood of a blackout in the event of high loads from charging processes.

Furthermore, all other disadvantages associated with the creation of a charging station monoculture, such as the prevention of cycle paths, the elimination of street flora, vandalism, theft, as well as increasing expenses due to approval procedures, constant controls, such as official verifications as well as area-wide maintenance work and declining civil engineering work for permanent subsidies and local civil protests are minimized or largely excluded.

The integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention makes it possible to avoid permanent driving bans in inner-city zones quickly, cost-effectively and in a user-friendly manner, since the solution proposed according to the invention, in particular the possibility of replacing empty batteries with freshly charged batteries, enables rapid electrification of urban commercial fleets with regard to buses, taxis, Trucks, delivery vehicles can be reached. An integrated power supply station is logistically based on the classic petrol station principle and offers all kinds of public and private vehicles, such as trucks, buses, commercial vehicles, taxis and other passenger cars, a continuously usable contact point to replace their discharged batteries or to recharge them on site usually operated in two or more shifts. For this purpose, a battery replacement technology including battery leasing is used, which in passenger cars involves changing the underbody of standardized battery packages using the robot replacement station and frame, which is provided in the vehicle, for buses and for trucks changing the correspondingly configured vehicle side using robot loading and robot unloading of the packages the pass-through principle. The intelligent batteries to be charged with the battery management system are placed in a charge storage device (at least 1 MW) and connected to each other in order to be controlled and recharged using the converter to conserve the battery and the grid. The change takes place within 2 to 4 minutes and enables e-fleet operation of vehicles without waiting times, which are currently still associated with direct electricity charging processes.

On the other hand, the supply of battery power takes place additively via so-called "plug-in hubs". As a rule, these are two 20-foot battery storage containers (standard), which are equipped with new batteries connected in parallel or with high-quality second-life batteries with a nominal output of 0.7 MW per container and up to 30 connections for plug- Offer in-store around the container. This is predominantly an AC charging process. The battery containers are recharged by the converter at night during low load times on the supply network. As an alternative, charging can also be carried out using the electricity from decentralized combined heat and power plants near the station, which can save on network charges. As a further alternative to recharging, a "storage container swap" should also be used if the site conditions are appropriate. Excess electricity from wind turbines is directed to storage container depots, whose filled mobile storage can then be taken to the "swap charge store hubs" by e-vehicles, where they can be used against empty power storage, i.e. Vehicle batteries can be replaced.

Within the scope of the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention, there is the possibility of one at the battery exchange stations provided there for electric vehicles Change rechargeable batteries within a maximum of three minutes. For this purpose, the electrically powered vehicle is driven onto a covered ramp, where a battery is changed in the underbody of the vehicle using a loading and unloading handling system. To do this, the driver can stay in the vehicle, pay after charging and continue driving (drive-through procedure).

The mobility process is decoupled from the charging process by the battery change at the at least one battery change station of the integrated power supply station. The battery can thus be recharged in a controlled or flexible manner, ie. H. battery-compliant and mains-compliant; thus their lifespan can be extended by a factor of 2 to 5 and an extremely costly reinforcement of the distribution networks can be avoided. There is also the option of making the rechargeable and reusable batteries available by battery leasing so that they can be rented as part of tenant electricity models in accordance with the Renewable Energy Sources Act.

Batteries in trucks and buses are changed laterally, so that electrically powered vehicles would have to be modified in this regard. For example, electrically powered vehicles could be provided by professionally converting plug-in vehicles or as part of retrofitting.

The plug-in container proposed as an e-filling station module can also be used to avoid building up a cost-driving, nationwide charging station monoculture. Thus, battery storage containers in common dimensions, for example 20 foot containers, which provide a charging power of at least 0.7 megawatts, can be operated at the integrated power supply stations proposed according to the invention. Up to 30 plug-in charging connections can be provided on such plug-in containers. While unloading takes place during the day, the plug-in storage containers can be recharged at night according to the mains and battery. Thanks to the two storage systems (battery replacement technology and plug-in hub technology), the integrated power supply stations can provide at least 1.7 MW to 2.4 MW (with plug-in containers and car supply) with aggregated electricity storage capacity. When combined with buses and trucks with their respective accumulator packages in the three-digit KW range, orders of magnitude of 8-12 MW are realistic (large "swap charge store hubs"). With up to 10,000 power supply stations with a mixed user profile, this results in an integrable storage aggregation of approx. 40 GW, which strategically offers an attractive potential for the power storage requirements of the virtual power plants (area power plants for energy management of the various alternative power sources) in industrial and urban areas 4 to 12 GW and more can be used. The virtual power plants would make optimal use of this capacity as part of their energy management and would need it in particular for the provision of balancing energy. For this provision, the network operators pay a fee through which the energy supply station operators can generate a regular additional income.

Thanks to the integrated power supply station for electric vehicles, the classic petrol station locations and their additional offers in the form of washing facilities, shopping facilities for everyday goods, etc. can also be used in the future, supplemented by locations in large parking lots and / or in depots. This also provides a perspective for the use of synthetically derived fuels, as well as autonomous driving, which each require a supply network of supply stations and can be combined with the power supply unit if necessary. Combination solutions of this type are ideal supply points when fuel for emergency power generators is required for blackouts.

If an immense plug-in requirement should arise, such plug-in containers can also be replaced during the day with freshly loaded plug-in containers, which can be provided, for example, by e-trucks from excess electricity and energy deposits from nearby wind turbines.

Such a charging infrastructure is attractive for the owners of plug-in vehicles who do not only want to use their house connection and at the same time want to use other advantages of previous petrol station locations. Therefore, such plug-in containers are suitable for installation at parking lots at shopping centers of all kinds, where useful or relaxing things can be done during the waiting time associated with the charging process. Of course, a battery changing station could be combined with a petrol station for synthetic fuels instead of plug-in containers, so that all types of supply could be covered via an integrated power supply station, which also applies to autonomous driving.

The solution proposed according to the invention can, for example, phase out nuclear energy, which is emerging for 2022, and phase out use fossil fuels, which are planned for 2038, the heat pump expansion and the changed requirements for an electrical infrastructure are taken into account, as the demand for control power, primary, secondary, tertiary control power increases exponentially. Volatile energy sources are increasingly being systematically created within the framework of large-scale power plants, which, given the volatility in the three-digit gigawatt range, can be economically solved by coupling the mobility sector with the power grid sector. This means the creation of a common battery world through dual-use, on the one hand as a drive source for electrically powered vehicles, on the other hand as storage components for electrical energy in the power grid, with a juxtaposition of systems, ie a combination of electromobility and energy supply network.

In the case of the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention, the e-filling station of the future (swap charge store hubs), recycled batteries from second-hand as well as active vehicle batteries (battery replacement) can be put in an increasingly capable position with the help of converters and battery management systems Comprehensive demand for balancing storage services to be used, since recharged, empty vehicle batteries are used as buffers to absorb electrical energy present in the power grid. In addition, such rechargeable batteries can be recharged in a manner that is particularly gentle on the battery and, on the other hand, can take place with special attention to the requirements of the power grid. Thus, the integrated power supply stations proposed according to the invention, in particular with regard to commercial vehicle fleets, can become indispensable energy stores for a desired energy supply system.

Furthermore, the integrated power supply stations proposed according to the invention offer a large number of potential savings, with which, for example, the electricity price for e-mobility can be reduced, so that a selling price of 20 cents per kWh appears realistic. Finally, lower electricity purchase prices can be achieved through large customer status with large numbers of users per integrated power supply station.

Furthermore, in the function of an integrated petrol station, advantages in terms of costs, ancillary costs and expenses in terms of optimizing operation and maintenance at the location, less vandalism, fewer verification inspections, less effort for network expansion, cost recovery contributions from the service periphery can be expected.

Another advantage is that additional revenue is generated from multiple uses (dual-use), i.e. through the provision and sale of control energy from the parallel connection of the available vehicle batteries to be charged.

Furthermore, a cooperation of an integrated power supply station with alternative energy producers could use excess electricity, so that usage fees for electricity grids can be eliminated.

Fifthly, there is the possibility of negotiating cheap tariffs with network operators through the controlled, flexible charging of empty vehicle batteries, so that, for example, rush hours can be avoided and optimal use of cheap night tariffs can be achieved.

Another advantage is that the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention allows the existing infrastructure of existing petrol stations to be maintained and further maintained. Functionalities such as car washing with vacuum cleaners, shopping in the late evening or emergency shopping on Sunday can be retained. With the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention, attractive connection prospects can be created for the large number of “fossil” filling stations in the country. Furthermore, a high frequency of such integrated power supply stations can be brought about in future sufficient sales through the use of additive service areas. Thanks to the integrated power supply station for electric vehicles, the classic petrol station locations and the additional offers offered there in the form of washing facilities or shopping facilities for everyday goods can also be used in the future, supplemented by locations in large parking lots and depots. This also provides a perspective for the use of synthetically derived fuels or hydrogen, as well as for autonomous driving, for which supply infrastructures will be necessary and which can be combined with the integrated power supply unit proposed according to the invention if required. Combination solutions of this type are ideal if, for example, blackouts in supply networks require fuel for the operation of emergency power generators.

This means that today's traditional petrol station locations can be secured and used as contact points for interested citizens. When the integrated power supply stations proposed according to the invention are implemented, hydrogen or synthetic fuels can be filled there, but basically all forms of mobility can be realized that need nodes or pivot points for their logistical optimization.

With regard to the batteries, there is an advantage that a battery change in connection with battery-saving, controlled charging is realized if vehicles with a change device are available and the battery dimensions are compatible with the dimensional requirements of a change system. For example, vehicles with internal combustion engine drives can also be retrofitted within a retrofit program by converting to e-vehicles with a battery change frame. In the lithium-ion traction batteries currently used in a large number of variants, they are protected when they are charged at integrated power supply stations, since they are not charged quickly, but instead are charged in a controlled manner after a battery change and used as storage components for the purposes of continuous network stabilization. This is a central advantage of the solution proposed according to the invention, since this solution creates a sector coupling between mobility and the power supply network. The electricity grid (Smart Grid) is significantly relieved by the power storage capacities of the vehicle batteries and on the other hand the rechargeable batteries used in vehicle operation are kept efficient by the use of balancing energy, so that compared to fast charging, the lifespan is increased by a factor of 4 to 5. The "Swap Charge Store Hubs" can avoid the various problems of a comprehensive charging station strategy. Through the system's controlled charging, the power storage, i. H. the vehicle batteries - estimated by a factor of 2 to 3 - are spared compared to quick-charging stations, and the distribution networks are used less. Future investments for these networks, which would be required with a million-fold installation of quick charging stations, can be dispensed with by carrying out a largely controlled charging management. Instead of a charging station monoculture with up to 7 million AC charging stations, around 25,000 integrated power supply stations could be built, supplemented by limited charging station offers at focal points and plug-in infrastructures in the home. This ensures a continuous and reliable supply even with a high degree of conversion from traditional mobility to electromobility from 60% to 80%. This also avoids that deforestation of road trees takes place across the board for the erection of charging stations, and that the setting up of cycle paths is prevented or prevented. In the event that technologies such as synthetic petrol or autonomous driving become widely accepted in the medium and long term, these technologies can be easily coupled to the integrated power supply stations, whereas if a charging station monoculture is formed, a large number of filling station locations and millions of installed charging stations will be lost would no longer be needed.

The controlled, permanently monitored charging in the battery changing station alone increases the battery life by a factor of 2 to 3 compared to quick charging processes. Increasing this factor to 4 to 5 through multiple use (dual-use) means that such batteries have a longer lifespan of over 20 years and thus increases their sustainability. This enables a very long recycling cycle and a greatly minimized battery expenditure. Finally, it should be pointed out that the solution proposed according to the invention can prevent blackout provision in nationwide power grids. Blackouts for the distribution grids are predicted with a high percentage probability for the years from 2020/2022. With the solution proposed according to the invention, the municipalities and the energy supply companies can be protected from high investments, since the solution proposed according to the invention of the integrated power supply stations creates a charging infrastructure which itself contributes to the blackout provision by a controlled charging process and the provision of storage capacities, i.e. the provision of control power can usually be achieved. With the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention and the creation of such an infrastructure, network expansion investments could be saved without risk. A flexible, controlled charging of exhausted vehicle batteries could be agreed across the board between electricity customers and electricity producers.

In summary, the integrated power supply station, as a nationwide network, represents an alternative to investments and a network-charging charging station monoculture. It facilitates a mobility turnaround due to the approach that uses existing infrastructures, plug-in functionalities for individual mobility and the implementation of a battery change with regard to fleet mobility. These two functions can be offered simultaneously and are also open to innovations in the fields of synthetic fuels and autonomous driving.

The integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention creates an interface between e-mobility and the supply network (smart grid), which, in view of the upcoming nuclear power and coal phase-out, relieves to a large extent Controlled loading on the one hand and a wide range of storage on the other. Powerful battery storage components can be made available via the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention. The decisive advantages of the solution proposed according to the invention lie in the fact that a battery change is carried out instead of a charging process that takes a longer period of time, a centrally controlled charging of exhausted vehicle batteries is achieved with regard to charging that complies with the network and prolongs the battery life, a control energy is available for the power grid, E-refueling is cheaper, previous petrol station locations can remain, a longer battery life can be achieved and electric charging can be achieved without blackout precautions.

Figure list

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

• 1 Eine Darstellung der Komponenten einer erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen integrierten Stromversorgungsstation, und
• 2 Die verschiedenen Funktionalitäten der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen integrierten Stromversorgungsstation.

It shows:

• 1 A representation of the components of an integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention, and
• 2nd The various functionalities of the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention.

Variants of the invention

The representation in 1 is an integrated power supply station 10th refer to. This can be used on electrically powered vehicles 12th replaceable batteries 18th in at least one battery changing station 20th replace. There is also an integrated power supply station 10th the possibility of using electrically powered vehicles or electrically partially powered vehicles with hybrid technology 14 to recharge or replace the batteries.

The integrated power supply station 10th comprises at least one battery changing station 20th by an entry page 36 is accessible. As soon as electrically powered vehicles 12th with a replaceable and standardized battery provided in the underbody 18th have passed a ramp by a schematically indicated handling system 42 changing the battery 18th performed.

This is done, for example, by means of a reference number 40 indicated battery change direction, ie a replacement of the battery 18th over the underbody or the side. Once the battery is exhausted 18th through a charged fresh battery 18th replaced, which takes only a few minutes, the driver can pay and continue driving. A tedious charging process in an electrically powered vehicle 12th Permanently installed battery can thus by using the at least one battery changing station 20th at the integrated power supply station 10th be avoided.

While that with a freshly charged battery 18th provided electrically powered vehicle 12th the at least one battery changing station 20th via an exit page 38 leaves, the exhausted and rechargeable battery of a converter station 26 fed. There is a controlled, controlled recharging of used batteries 18th via a supply network 28 , which is, for example, the public electricity grid, which is fed by energy supply companies.

Basic module of such an integrated power supply station 10th is the battery changing station 20th (Swap box), which enables the rechargeable battery (car battery) to be changed within a maximum of three minutes (average: 2.2 minutes) for electric vehicles. The electric vehicle is driven onto a covered ramp, where with the help of a loading and unloading robot system 42 the underbody battery is replaced. The driver can stay in the vehicle and pay after charging and continue driving (drive-through procedure).

By changing the battery, the mobility process is decoupled from the charging process. The battery can thus be recharged in a controlled or flexible manner, ie. H. Compliant with batteries and the grid, so that early wear and tear of the battery (extension of the service life by a factor of 2 to 5) and expensive reinforcement of the distribution networks (investment total> 20 billion euros) can be avoided.

The batteries are made available through battery leasing and can even be rented as part of tenant electricity models (according to the EEG).

The battery change, which takes place on the side of trucks and buses, requires interchangeable electric vehicles in all areas of application. In a first rollout, these can be provided through the professional conversion of plug-in vehicles or as part of retrofit conversions. Since exchange stations are becoming the standard in the People's Republic of China, for example, it can be expected that the German automotive industry active there will also offer such electric vehicles in Europe in the medium term. German fleet operators will be a big demand, for example taxi Companies that have to optimize staff and capital commitment through loading waiting times.

Charging exhausted batteries is now the second use of the battery 10th (Dual use), since the exhausted batteries serve as storage components for the continuous stabilization of the power grid. This means that the batteries are exhausted 18th with special consideration of the battery life on the one hand and the requirements for the power supply network 28 on the other hand be recharged. The batteries 18th thus serve as a drive source for electrically powered vehicles when charged 12th and in the discharged state as a storage component for absorbing energy from the public power supply networks 28 , as their buffer.

From the representation according to 1 further arises that the integrated power supply station 10th at least one mobile plug-in container 22 contains. This can be a conventional 20 foot container, which provides a charging capacity between 1.0 MW, preferably 0.7 MW. The charging capacity of the at least one mobile plug-in container 22 can at up to 30th Plug-in charging ports 24th be removed. Thus, individual mobility is taken care of, whereas a battery change is more likely for commercial vehicle fleets, buses, taxis or the like.

The at least one mobile plug-in container 22 can be part of an e-filling station module 44 be. It should also be noted that the integrated power station 10th as shown in 1 , which can be a traditional, previously “fossil” petrol station, shopping and snack bars 30th so that a comprehensive range can be presented and synergy effects arise in such a way that existing and traditionally developed infrastructures experience a new use.

The build-up of a cost-intensive, comprehensive charging station monoculture can also be avoided by using plug-in hubs as an e-filling station module: Mobile plug-in containers 22 (each 20th Feet and at least 0.7 MW) that are up to 30th Plug-in connections 24th bid on site and can be recharged at night according to the mains and battery.

If there is a particularly large plug-in requirement, these mobile plug-in containers can be used 22 also thanks to freshly charged battery containers 22 be exchanged during the day. Excess electricity from nearby depots, for example from nearby wind turbines, can be provided by electrically powered trucks.

These hubs on e-filling stations, ie integrated power supply stations 10th in the sense of the present invention, are attractive for the owners of plug-in vehicles who do not only use their house connection and at the same time want to use the advantages of gas station locations. They are also very suitable for large parking lots of shopping centers of all kinds, where you can use the loading time with the plug-in for useful and relaxing things. Of course, if necessary, a battery changing station 20th combined with a petrol station for synthetic fuels instead of plug-in hubs, so that the locations remain open for alternative innovations.

Autonomous driving also requires hubs at logistically sensible nodes and can easily be based on this approach.

The integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention 10th uses a second-life energy storage only as part of a silent reserve, namely when the network and logistics generate battery loads at the same time. In this case, a conflict that arises is resolved by maintaining the hidden reserve, which enables the operator's business model. The second life memory can fulfill this operating mode for several years. According to current knowledge, network storage is completely emptied five to ten times a year. Assuming 400 remaining cycles for the second-life batteries used, this corresponds to a theoretical after-life of around 40 years.

2nd shows the various functionalities of the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention 10th . In addition to a battery change that only takes a few minutes at the at least one battery change station 20th via an automated handling device 42 , a further functionality is a centralized plug-in loading as controlled loading via the at least one mobile plug-in container 22 can be achieved. Discharged batteries 18th can use control energies from the supply networks as storage components as part of the dual-use concept 28 record and on the one hand gentle on the battery and on the other hand the requirement of the supply network 28 considering being recharged. In particular, the dual use functionality ensures that the batteries 18th through gentle charging - their service life can be significantly extended compared to quick charging processes - and on the other hand the requirements of the power supply network 28 are given due consideration. Through the solution of the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention 10th can due to the controlled recharging of discharged batteries 18th for electrically powered vehicles 12th an increased battery life can be achieved. As a further positive side effect, it should be mentioned that the integrated power supply station proposed according to the invention 10th with nationwide use the supply networks 28 can be spared and in particular their cost-intensive expansion can be avoided, since the vehicle batteries in the discharged state provide energy storage as a buffer due to the coupling of the mobility network to the public power grid, so that the occurrence of blackouts is very unlikely.

Another positive side effect is that significantly lower kilowatt hours - kWh electricity prices - can be achieved and previous petrol station locations can be replaced by "fossil petrol stations" 48 let continue to use, hence their infrastructure will also continue to be used.

Due to the nuclear phase-out in 2022 and the coal phase-out in 2038, the expansion of the heat pump as well as the future 5-G usage and the e-mobility turnaround, the demand for balancing power (primary, secondary, tertiary balancing power) will increase exponentially. The volatile energy sources increasingly have to be systematically managed within the framework of large-scale power plants ("virtual power plants"), which, in view of the upcoming volatilities in the three-digit gigawatt range, only seems to be economically sensible to solve by coupling the mobility sector with the power grid sector. It is a common battery world to strive for multiple uses instead of a juxtaposition of the systems.

In the integrated power supply stations proposed according to the invention 10th (Swap-Charge-Store-Hubs), recycled second-hand batteries (plug-in hubs) and active car batteries (battery replacement) can be equipped with the help of converters, energy and battery management systems to meet this increasing demand Balancing storage services to use comprehensively by using sector coupling.

On the basis of § 3 EnWG, this service can be purchased continuously by the transmission system operators. The remuneration for this could significantly lower the kWh price for the use of electric vehicles, so that contribution margins in the range of 30% through the provisioning service price and the labor price would be conceivable.

The swap charge store e-filling stations, ie the integrated power supply stations 10th , in particular the hubs for commercial vehicle fleets, can thus become system-securing, that is to say network-securing, indispensable aggregators of the desired renewable energy supply system.

1. a) Niedrigere Strom-Einkaufspreise durch Großkundenstatus aufgrund großer Nutzerzahlen pro integrierter Versorgungsstation 10,
2. b) im Wesen der Tankstelle liegende Vorteile bei Kosten, Nebenkosten und Aufwänden (Optimierung von Betrieb und Wartung am Standort, weniger Vandalismus, weniger Eichamtskontrolleure, weniger Aufwand aus Netzausbau, Kostendeckungsbeiträge aus der Leistungsperipherie),
3. c) Zusatzeinnahmen aus dem Mehrfachnutzen (Dual Use, Bereitstellung und Verkauf von Regelenergie aus der Parallelschaltung der verfügbaren Mobilitätsspeicher-Akkus),
4. d) Perspektiven aus Prosuming (integrierte Stromversorgungsstation 10 mit eigener Erneuerbarer-Energie-Erzeugung) oder dem Batterie-Container-Swap in Kooperation mit Erzeugern alternativer Energien mit Überschussstrom (Entfall von Nutzungsgebühren für Stromnetze),
5. e) die Möglichkeit, durch das gesteuerte, flexible Laden Billigtarife mit den Netzbetreibern auszuhandeln, so zum Beispiel zur Vermeidung von Stoßzeiten sowie die optimale Nutzung günstigerer Nachtladetarife.

An integrated power supply station 10th offers many potential savings that lower the price of electricity for e-mobility customers, so that a selling price of around 20 cents per kWh appears realistic:

1. a) Lower electricity purchase prices due to large customer status due to large user numbers per integrated supply station 10th ,
2. b) advantages in the nature of the petrol station in terms of costs, ancillary costs and expenses (optimization of operation and maintenance at the location, less vandalism, fewer calibration inspectors, less effort from network expansion, cost recovery contributions from the service periphery),
3. c) additional income from the multiple benefits (dual use, provision and sale of balancing energy from the parallel connection of the available mobility storage batteries),
4. d) Perspectives from prosuming (integrated power supply station 10th with own renewable energy generation) or the battery container swap in cooperation with producers of alternative energies with excess electricity (no usage fees for electricity networks),
5. e) the possibility of negotiating cheap tariffs with the network operators through the controlled, flexible charging, for example to avoid peak times as well as the optimal use of cheaper night charging tariffs.

A concentration on house connections and charging stations automatically leads to the death of the usual petrol station structure, ie the “fossil” petrol station locations 48 . Whether car washing with vacuum cleaners, buying flowers or shopping for everyday needs: this convenience of "fossil" petrol stations 48 would be lost when they die. With the integrated power supply station 10th (Swap-Charge-Store-E-filling station) there is an attractive connection perspective for many thousands of filling stations. High traffic levels could also ensure sufficient sales in additive service areas in the future.

In this way, today's traditional petrol station locations can not only be secured and continue to be used as a multi-contact point for consumers, but can even be available in the future so that they can also be used as hubs for autonomous driving. Even transitional solutions for the gradual phase-out of fossil mobility are conceivable, for example by combining battery changing stations 20th with petrol filling station.

Battery changes in conjunction with battery-friendly controlled charging work without any problems if vehicles with a change device are available and the battery dimensions with the dimensional requirements of the battery change station 20th are compatible. This requires national and international coordination between those involved. By retrofitting, for example, diesel vehicles can also be converted into electric cars with a removable battery frame, which can be done as part of a retro-fit program. In due course, new, even more sustainable batteries, for example with a longer lifespan, can be used for the suitable E-modules, provided the dimensions allow this.

Regardless of this, the currently used lithium-ion batteries are spared in the swap charge store hub if they are not quickly charged at the plug-in hub, but are charged under control after a battery change and then as a storage component for the purposes of ongoing Grid stabilization (control power) can be used. The sector coupling of the mobility sector and the supply network sector creates a favorable situation for both sides: the supply network 28 is relieved by the possibilities of the vehicle battery and the vehicle batteries are kept efficient by the use of balancing energy, which results in a significant lifespan effect, since the battery lifespan can be increased by a factor of 4 to 5 compared to vehicle batteries that can only be recharged in quick charge mode .

The controlled, permanently monitored charging in the battery changing station alone 20th (Swap box) the battery life increases by a factor of 2 to 3 compared to fast charging; increasing the factor to 4 to 5 through multiple uses means a longer lifespan of over 20 years and thus a sustainable improvement in lifespan. This is expressed, among other things, in a very long recycling cycle and a greatly minimized battery consumption, which is an important detail of resource conservation.

The German municipalities with their approx. 900 local networks are confronted with the warning that if there is a lack of provision, comprehensive electricity blackouts are to be expected by 95% from 2032 onwards. The resultant task is the preparation of the power supply networks 28 , since 2022 with local blackouts in parts of the supply networks 28 is to be expected.

The municipalities and their partners are required to make particularly sustainable investments and budgets given the tense financial situation in many places and the gloomy economic outlook. For this reason, they should increasingly rely on charging infrastructures that themselves contribute to blackout prevention, namely through controlled charging and the provision of storage capacity as part of a balancing service, when it comes to the mobility transition. With the gradually growing infrastructure of the swap charge store e-filling station system, ie with the establishment of a network of integrated power supply stations 10th , large sums, i.e. several billion euros, can be saved risk-free in network expansion investments, which would be available to the municipalities above all for other tasks related to the network and mobility transition.

Reference list

10th

Integrated power supply station

12th

Electrically powered vehicle

14

Hybrid drive vehicle

18th

Battery (replaceable)

20th

Battery exchange station

22

Mobile plug-in container

24th

Plug-in charging ports

26

Converter station

28

Supply network

30th

Shopping / snack bar

32

Charging station

36

Entry side

38

Exit side

40

Direction of exchange

42

Changing robotics / changing device

44

E-filling station module

46

Fuel pump for synthetic fuels

48

"Fossil" petrol station location

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for better information for the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 8022666 B2 [0002]

Claims (16)

Integrated power supply station (10) for electrically powered vehicles with or without changing device (42), for vehicles (14) driven by a hybrid drive, characterized in that the integrated power supply station (10): - at least one battery changing station (20) with a working memory of at least 1 MW, - at least one mobile plug-in container (22) with a number of plug-in charging connections (24), - at least one converter station (26) with an energy management system and at least one battery management system per interchangeable package or plug-in used Containers (22) for charging batteries (18) from the at least one battery charging station (20), as components for - at least one accumulator storage for dual use (dual use) as a power source for vehicles (12, 14) on the one hand or as a network storage for electrical ones Energy for continuous network stabilization on supply networks (28) on the other hand, a supplementary, supportive security store made of second-life batteries for high demand peaks in the context of balancing energy provision and - shopping and snack opportunities (30). Integrated power supply station (10) according to Claim 1 characterized in that the at least one mobile plug-in container (22) provides a charging power of at least 0.7 MW. Integrated power supply station (10) according to the Claims 1 to 2nd , characterized in that the at least one mobile plug-in container (22) contains up to 15 plug-in charging connections (24) or, in the case of two mobile plug-in containers (22), up to 30 plug-in charging connections. Integrated power supply station (10) according to the Claims 1 to 3rd characterized in that it comprises a number of charging stations (32) for charging batteries (18) of electrically driven or electrically partially driven vehicles (12). Integrated power supply station (10) according to the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that the at least one battery changing station with a working memory of at least 1 MW (20) changes a battery (18) arranged in the underbody of the electrically driven vehicles (12) by means of an automated changing device (42) or alternatively for buses, trucks and others larger commercial vehicles, a battery change station (20) carries out an automatic battery change via the vehicle sides, the working memory of which is at least 1.4 MW from 20 vehicles. Integrated power supply station (10) according to the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that the at least one converter station (26) has an energy management system, works bidirectionally, in connection with the main memory batteries (18) and the batteries (18) present in the plug-in containers (22) the network ( 28) uses excess network energy with excess battery storage energy and in return at optimal times, alternatively obtains energy from prosuming or decentralized energy supply (preferably: off-grid). Integrated power supply station (10) according to Claim 6 , characterized in that the at least one converter station (26) is set up and the available batteries (18) increase the service life of the battery (18) and conform to the requirements of the supply network (28), that is to say are controlled or flexibly charged. Integrated power supply station (10) for electrically powered vehicles with or without a battery changing device (42) or for electrically partially driven vehicles (14), which comprises at least one battery changing station (20), characterized in that the integrated power supply station (10) next to the battery changing station (20) comprises at least one mobile plug-in container (22) with a number of plug-in charging connections (24), with at least one converter station (26) and one battery management system per battery pack and plug-in container (22) with one Energy management system provide the available batteries (18) of the battery changing station (20) as storage components for the continuous network stabilization of energy supply networks (28) in the sense of multiple use (dual use). Integrated power supply station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that in the case of electrically powered vehicles, the change of a rechargeable battery takes place within a maximum of three minutes, preferably less than three minutes, and a changeover robot (42) is used to change the device (if not, as in larger commercial vehicles), if not is offered over the sides. Integrated power supply station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that the battery change of the rechargeable battery takes place within the battery changing station (20) in such a way that the mobility process is decoupled from the charging process and the recharging of the vehicle battery takes place in accordance with the battery and the network and an extension of the service life of the vehicle battery by a factor of 2 to 5 is achieved. Integrated power supply station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that the at least one mobile plug-in container (22) is interchangeable in order to ensure an ongoing plug-in process at the e-filling station location. Integrated power supply station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that in this the rechargeable vehicle batteries are enabled with the help of at least one converter station (26) with energy management system and the battery management systems to provide a supply network (28) with storage capacity to compensate for fluctuations in demand as a buffer for the blackout provision . Integrated power supply station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that rechargeable vehicle batteries, for example lithium-ion vehicle batteries, are charged gently and, in the application, even with a tendency to regenerate, in that they are charged in a controlled manner after a battery change and are used as storage components for the purposes of continuous network stabilization as control power for the supply network (28 ) are offered or made available. Integrated power supply station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 13 , characterized in that the vehicle batteries relieve the supply networks (28) and generate system efficiencies as part of a sector coupling of the mobility sector and the network supply sector (one battery world instead of two battery worlds). Integrated power supply station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 13 , characterized in that the controlled, permanently monitored charging in the battery changing station (20) systematically prevents the use of faulty or depleted batteries and thus increases the service life of the vehicle batteries by at least a factor of 2 to 3 compared to rapid charging, even if regeneration by dual Use application is omitted. Integrated power supply station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 15 , characterized in that the integrated power supply station (10) uses second-life storage as a silent reserve, in the event that the supply network (28) and the logistics simultaneously generate battery loads.

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