CN118166296B - High-strength aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118166296B CN118166296B CN202410605387.7A CN202410605387A CN118166296B CN 118166296 B CN118166296 B CN 118166296B CN 202410605387 A CN202410605387 A CN 202410605387A CN 118166296 B CN118166296 B CN 118166296B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 83
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- JGDITNMASUZKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Al](Cl)Cl JGDITNMASUZKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940009861 aluminum chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 aluminum-manganese Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 12
- JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [La+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum vanadium Chemical compound [Al].[V] HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
- C22C49/04—Light metals
- C22C49/06—Aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
A high-strength aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy; the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing composite ceramic fiber, preparing composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel, preparing a reinforcing agent and mixing materials; adding zirconium powder and titanium powder into absolute ethyl alcohol for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time is 33-37min, the ball milling rotating speed is 241-257rpm, the ball material ratio is 4-8:1, the ball milling temperature is 43-47 ℃, cerium nitrate is added after ball milling is finished, the ball milling treatment is continued, the ball milling time is 17-22min, the ball milling temperature is 50-54 ℃, after ball milling is finished, the temperature is raised to 522-536 ℃ at the speed of 1.8-2.2 ℃/min, roasting is finished for 4.1-4.5h at the temperature of 522-536 ℃, and the roasting is finished, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the reinforcing agent; the aluminum alloy material prepared by the invention has excellent and uniform mechanical properties and good wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy material is a nonferrous metal structural material which is the most widely used in industry, has low density, high strength and good plasticity, has excellent electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, and is widely used in the aerospace, automobile, mechanical manufacturing, ship and chemical industries;
With rapid development of technology, the requirements of people on aluminum alloy materials are higher and higher, and the requirements on the comprehensive properties of aluminum alloy such as toughness and the like are higher and higher in the fields of aerospace industry, civil traffic and the like.
CN115404388a discloses a composite reinforced aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, and specifically discloses an aluminum alloy material which comprises pure aluminum, pure magnesium, pure copper and nickel modified Al 2O3 porous aerogel, wherein the Al 2O3 porous aerogel is used as a reinforcing phase of aluminum alloy, and an infiltration mode is adopted to infiltrate an aluminum alloy solution into gaps inside the porous aerogel to obtain an Al 2O3 porous aerogel reinforced aluminum alloy material;
the aluminum alloy material is prepared by mainly adopting a nickel modified Al 2O3 porous aerogel reinforced mode, the tensile strength and the yield strength are obviously improved, but the hardness is higher, the structure is difficult to homogenize, the prepared aluminum alloy material is uneven in strength, and poor in wear resistance and corrosion resistance, the wear loss after friction is larger, the strength loss under corrosive environment is more, and the application range is limited.
CN115747591a discloses a high-toughness aluminum alloy material and a preparation process thereof, wherein the raw material components comprise: aluminum powder, copper powder, silicon powder and carbon fiber coated alumina precursor, by using carbon fiber coated alumina as a reinforcing phase, on one hand, negative effects caused by agglomeration of carbon fibers in an aluminum alloy matrix can be avoided, and on the other hand, the filling effect of the carbon fibers on holes in the aluminum alloy can be utilized, so that the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy are enhanced.
The aluminum alloy material prepared by the method has higher cost, fiber damage can occur in the treatment process, the performance improvement of the aluminum alloy material can be influenced, and the aluminum alloy material has poor tensile strength and poor wear resistance.
Therefore, the high-strength aluminum alloy material and the preparation method thereof are provided, the strength is high and uniform, and the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance are excellent, which is a technical problem in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-strength aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, which have high and uniform strength and excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material comprises the steps of preparing composite ceramic fibers, preparing composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel, preparing a reinforcing agent and mixing materials, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of composite ceramic fibers
(1) Preparation of aluminum sol
Mixing aluminum chloride hexahydrate with deionized water with the mass of 7-9 times, stirring uniformly, adding ammonia water, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 15-19min, controlling the ultrasonic frequency to be 37-42kHz, controlling the ultrasonic power to be 75-80W, controlling the temperature to be 20-24 ℃ after ultrasonic treatment, standing for 2.0-2.3h, filtering, washing to obtain filter residues, adding deionized water with the mass of 10-12 times into the filter residues, stirring uniformly to obtain a suspension, adding mixed acid into the suspension, heating to 36-40 ℃ at the speed of 0.2-0.4 ℃/min after stirring uniformly, and standing for 8.3-8.6h at the temperature of 36-40 ℃ to obtain aluminum sol;
the mass concentration of the ammonia water is 25-27%;
The mass ratio of the aluminum chloride hexahydrate to the ammonia water is 1.21-1.25:1;
the mixed acid consists of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and the mass ratio of the acetic acid to the hydrochloric acid is 0.8-1.2:1;
the mass ratio of the mixed acid to the aluminum chloride hexahydrate is 2.1-2.3:1;
(2) Preparation of spinnability mixed glue
Adding 9-11wt% lanthanum acetate solution and 14-16wt% yttrium nitrate solution into aluminum sol, then performing ball milling treatment, wherein the ball material ratio is 4-6:1, the ball milling rotation speed is 303-316rpm, the ball milling time is 50-56min, the ball milling temperature is 36-40 ℃, and after ball milling, aging in a water bath at 56-58 ℃ until the viscosity is 65-69 Pa.s, so as to obtain spinnability mixed glue;
The mass ratio of the aluminum sol to the lanthanum acetate solution to the yttrium nitrate solution is 95-99:2.4-2.6:2.0-2.2;
(3) Spinning process
Centrifuging the spinnability mixed glue, spinning at the spinning hole diameter of 0.25-0.35mm and the spinning speed of 3800-4000rpm and the spinning temperature of 26-28 ℃ to obtain mixed gel fibers, crushing the mixed gel fibers to the particle size of 0.5-0.7mm, heating to 525-536 ℃ at the speed of 1.0-1.4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.3-1.6h at the temperature of 525-536 ℃, heating to 816-823 ℃ at the speed of 3.2-3.7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.3-1.7h at the temperature of 816-823 ℃, heating to 1030-1080 ℃ at the speed of 5.5-6.0 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.8-2.1h at the temperature of 1030-1080 ℃, and naturally reducing to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the composite ceramic fibers.
2. Preparation of composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel
(1) Preparation of silica sols
Mixing tetraethoxysilane, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.1-4.3 after uniformly stirring, continuously stirring for 18-22min, wherein the stirring speed is 205-215rpm, heating to 40-42 ℃ at the speed of 0.1-0.3 ℃/min after stirring, then adding ammonia water to adjust the pH to 8.1-8.3, and continuously stirring to prepare silica sol;
The mol ratio of the tetraethoxysilane to the deionized water to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1.1-1.3:2.2-2.4:7.4-7.7;
The mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 17-19%;
The mass concentration of the ammonia water is 26-28%;
(2) Dipping
Placing the composite ceramic fiber in a closed container, adding silica sol with 3-5 times of volume, vacuumizing the closed container to the vacuum degree of 0.06-0.08MPa, introducing nitrogen to the pressure of 0.23-0.27MPa, controlling the temperature to be 35-39 ℃, stirring at 263-276rpm, stirring for 24-32min, adding nickel acetate solution, increasing the pressure to be 0.28-0.32MPa, controlling the temperature to be unchanged, continuing stirring for 12-14min, ending stirring, and filtering to obtain the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol;
The mass concentration of the nickel acetate solution is 15-17%;
The volume ratio of the silica sol to the nickel acetate is 20-22:4.1-4.3;
(3) Post-treatment
Heating the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol to 40-43 ℃, placing the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol in 3-5 times of absolute ethyl alcohol for ageing treatment when the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol does not flow, wherein the ageing time is 11-13h, preparing aged gel after ageing, pre-cooling the aged gel at-22-20 ℃ for 1.4-1.6h, placing the gel in a vacuum freeze dryer, controlling the temperature of a refrigeration trap to-37-33 ℃ and the vacuum degree to 22-25Pa, freezing and drying for 4.3-4.7h, naturally recovering to room temperature after vacuum freeze drying, heating to 566-573 ℃ at the speed of 2.1-2.3 ℃/min, standing for 2.6-2.8h at 566-573 ℃, and naturally recovering to room temperature to obtain the composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel.
3. Preparation of the enhancer
Adding zirconium powder and titanium powder into absolute ethyl alcohol for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time is 33-37min, the ball milling rotating speed is 241-257rpm, the ball material ratio is 4-8:1, the ball milling temperature is 43-47 ℃, cerium nitrate is added after ball milling is finished, the ball milling treatment is continued, the ball milling time is 17-22min, the ball milling temperature is 50-54 ℃, after ball milling is finished, the temperature is increased to 522-536 ℃ at the speed of 1.8-2.2 ℃/min, the roasting is finished for 4.1-4.5h at the temperature of 522-536 ℃, and the roasting is finished, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature to prepare the reinforcing agent;
The mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the zirconium powder to the titanium powder to the cerium nitrate is 127-133:2.1-2.3:3.0-3.4:3.5-3.8.
4. Mixing material
Uniformly mixing an aluminum-based material and a reinforcing agent, smelting to obtain an aluminum-based liquid, heating the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel to 405-414 ℃ at a speed of 3.0-3.4 ℃/min, then placing the aluminum-based liquid in a mould, adding the aluminum-based liquid into the mould to perform infiltration treatment on the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel, controlling the infiltration pressure to be 21-24MPa, controlling the infiltration time to be 1.0-1.3min, and solidifying and cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy material;
The mass ratio of the aluminum-based material to the reinforcing agent to the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel is 98-103:1.2-1.4:6.3-6.6;
The aluminum-based material comprises, by mass, 0.83-0.85% of magnesium, 0.30-0.34% of iron, 0.04-0.06% of copper, 0.47-0.50% of aluminum-manganese alloy, 1.2-1.4% of aluminum-vanadium alloy and the balance of aluminum;
in the aluminum-manganese alloy, the mass content of manganese is 8-11%;
in the aluminum-vanadium alloy, the mass content of vanadium is 8-11%.
A high-strength aluminum alloy material is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. According to the high-strength aluminum alloy material prepared by the method, a lanthanum source and a yttrium source are introduced into aluminum sol, rare earth elements are compounded in aluminum oxide fibers, and by utilizing the characteristic that the radius of rare earth element ions is large, the rare earth elements exist at the grain boundary of aluminum oxide, so that the migration rate of aluminum ions is inhibited, the grain boundary migration rate is low, the growth of crystal grains at high temperature is inhibited, the stability of the composite ceramic fibers is enhanced, and the composite ceramic fibers are compact in internal structure and good in toughness; placing the composite ceramic fiber in silica sol, adding nickel acetate for full impregnation, fully filling the composite ceramic fiber by the silica sol, coating a layer of compact, complete and uniform silica aerogel on the surface of the composite ceramic fiber, wherein the addition of nickel acetate can improve the wettability of an interface, and finally, through a vacuum freeze-drying step in a post-treatment step, the collapse of holes caused by the action of the surface tension of a solid-liquid interface in the drying process is avoided, the hole integrity of the silica aerogel is ensured, so that the contact area and the bonding property of the prepared composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel can be increased when the prepared composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel is mixed with an aluminum-based material, the agglomeration among all components is avoided, the dispersion performance is improved, the mixing uniformity between the composite ceramic fiber and the aluminum-based material is improved, the mechanical property and the mechanical stability of the aluminum-based material are improved, the wear resistance is enhanced, and the corrosion resistance is good; the invention adopts a specific method to prepare the reinforcing agent, which is used as the reinforcing phase of the aluminum-based material, can improve the mechanical property, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum-based material, can enhance the compatibility and the binding force with the aluminum-based material after ball milling treatment, and is combined with the specific technical means such as the composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel to prepare the aluminum-based material, so that the aluminum-based material has excellent and uniform mechanical property, little mass loss after friction, low mass loss in an acidic environment and can still maintain excellent mechanical property in a salt environment;
2. According to GB/T228-2002 tensile test method for metallic materials, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material prepared by the invention is 473.1-477.6MPa at 25 ℃, 453.2-463.3MPa at 320 ℃, 384.4-391.2MPa at yield strength and 13.2-13.7% of elongation;
3. The aluminum alloy material prepared by the invention is placed in sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 30 percent for standing, the mass loss in the 12 th hour is 37-40mg, the mass loss in the 24 th hour is 59-63mg, and the mass loss in the 48 th hour is 73-77mg;
4. The aluminum alloy material prepared by the invention is circularly worn at the speed of 1cm/s under the pressure of 25kPa, and is repeatedly operated for 100 times, and the mass loss is 41-45mg;
5. The aluminum alloy material prepared by the invention is soaked in 25% sodium chloride solution, the temperature is controlled to be 40 ℃, the soaking time is 120 hours, after the soaking is finished, the tensile strength at 25 ℃ is 450.4-461.8MPa, and the yield strength is 364.0-375.6MPa.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described.
Example 1
1. Preparation of composite ceramic fibers
(1) Preparation of aluminum sol
Mixing aluminum chloride hexahydrate with 8 times of deionized water, stirring uniformly, adding ammonia water, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 17min, controlling the ultrasonic frequency to be 40kHz, controlling the ultrasonic power to be 77W, controlling the temperature to be 22 ℃ after ultrasonic treatment, standing for 2.1h, filtering and washing after the standing reaction is finished, preparing filter residues, adding 11 times of deionized water into the filter residues, stirring uniformly to prepare suspension, adding mixed acid into the suspension, stirring uniformly, heating to 38 ℃ at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min, and standing for 8.5h at 38 ℃ to prepare aluminum sol;
The mass concentration of the ammonia water is 26%;
the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride hexahydrate to the ammonia water is 1.23:1;
the mixed acid consists of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and the mass ratio of the acetic acid to the hydrochloric acid is 1:1;
the mass ratio of the mixed acid to the aluminum chloride hexahydrate is 2.2:1;
(2) Preparation of spinnability mixed glue
Adding 10wt% lanthanum acetate solution and 15wt% yttrium nitrate solution into aluminum sol, performing ball milling treatment, wherein the ball-material ratio is 5:1, the ball milling rotation speed is 310rpm, the ball milling time is 53min, the ball milling temperature is 38 ℃, and after ball milling, aging in a water bath at 57 ℃ until the viscosity is 67 Pa.s, so as to obtain spinnability mixed glue;
The mass ratio of the aluminum sol to the lanthanum acetate solution to the yttrium nitrate solution is 97:2.5:2.1;
(3) Spinning process
And (3) centrifuging the spinnability mixed glue, spinning at a spinning hole diameter of 0.30mm and a rotation speed of 3900rpm and a spinning temperature of 27 ℃ to obtain mixed gel fibers, crushing the mixed gel fibers to a particle size of 0.6mm, heating to 530 ℃ at a speed of 1.2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.5h at 530 ℃, heating to 820 ℃ at a speed of 3.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.5h at 820 ℃, heating to 1060 ℃ at a speed of 5.7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h at 1060 ℃, and naturally reducing to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the composite ceramic fibers.
2. Preparation of composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel
(1) Preparation of silica sols
Mixing tetraethoxysilane, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.2 after uniformly stirring, continuously stirring for 20min, wherein the stirring rotating speed is 210rpm, heating to 41 ℃ at the speed of 0.2 ℃/min after stirring, then adding ammonia water to adjust the pH to 8.2, and continuously stirring to obtain silica sol;
the mol ratio of the tetraethoxysilane to the deionized water to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1.2:2.3:7.5;
the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 18%;
The mass concentration of the ammonia water is 27%;
(2) Dipping
Placing the composite ceramic fiber in a closed container, then adding 4 times of silica sol, vacuumizing the closed container to the vacuum degree of 0.07MPa, introducing nitrogen to the pressure of 0.25MPa, controlling the temperature to 37 ℃, stirring at 270rpm, stirring for 27min, adding nickel acetate solution, increasing the pressure to 0.30MPa, controlling the temperature to be unchanged, continuing stirring for 13min, ending stirring, and filtering to obtain the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol;
The mass concentration of the nickel acetate solution is 16%;
the volume ratio of the silica sol to the nickel acetate is 21:4.2;
(3) Post-treatment
Heating the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol to 42 ℃, placing the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol in absolute ethyl alcohol with 4 times of volume for aging treatment when the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol does not flow, wherein the aging time is 12 hours, preparing aged gel after aging, pre-cooling the aged gel at-21 ℃ for 1.5 hours, then placing the gel in a vacuum freeze dryer, controlling the temperature of a cold trap to be-35 ℃, controlling the vacuum degree to be 23Pa, controlling the freeze drying time to be 4.5 hours, naturally recovering to room temperature after the vacuum freeze drying is finished, heating to 570 ℃ at the speed of 2.2 ℃/min, standing for 2.7 hours at 570 ℃, and naturally recovering to room temperature to obtain the composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel.
3. Preparation of the enhancer
Adding zirconium powder and titanium powder into absolute ethyl alcohol for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time is 35min, the ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, the ball material ratio is 6:1, the ball milling temperature is 45 ℃, cerium nitrate is added after ball milling is finished, the ball milling treatment is continued, the ball milling time is 20min, the ball milling temperature is 52 ℃, after ball milling is finished, the temperature is increased to 530 ℃ at the speed of 2.0 ℃/min, the baking is carried out for 4.3h at the temperature of 530 ℃, and the baking is finished, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the strengthening agent;
the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the zirconium powder to the titanium powder to the cerium nitrate is 130:2.2:3.1:3.7.
4. Mixing material
Uniformly mixing an aluminum-based material and a reinforcing agent, smelting to obtain an aluminum-based liquid, heating the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel to 410 ℃ at a speed of 3.2 ℃/min, then placing the aluminum-based liquid in a mould, wherein the mould temperature is 410 ℃, adding the aluminum-based liquid into the mould to perform infiltration treatment on the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel, controlling the infiltration pressure to be 23MPa, controlling the infiltration time to be 1.2min, and solidifying and cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy material;
the mass ratio of the aluminum-based material to the reinforcing agent to the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel is 100:1.3:6.5;
The aluminum-based material comprises, by mass, 0.84% of magnesium, 0.32% of iron, 0.05% of copper, 0.48% of aluminum-manganese alloy, 1.3% of aluminum-vanadium alloy and the balance of aluminum;
In the aluminum-manganese alloy, the mass content of manganese is 10%;
in the aluminum-vanadium alloy, the mass content of vanadium is 10%.
Example 2
1. Preparation of composite ceramic fibers
(1) Preparation of aluminum sol
Mixing aluminum chloride hexahydrate with deionized water with the mass being 7 times, stirring uniformly, adding ammonia water, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment, wherein the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic frequency is 37kHz, the ultrasonic power is 75W, controlling the temperature to be 20 ℃ after ultrasonic treatment, standing for 2.0h, filtering and washing after the standing reaction is finished, preparing filter residues, adding deionized water with the mass being 10 times into the filter residues, stirring uniformly to prepare suspension, adding mixed acid into the suspension, stirring uniformly, heating to 36 ℃ at the speed of 0.2 ℃/min, and standing for 8.3h at the temperature of 36 ℃ to prepare aluminum sol;
the mass concentration of the ammonia water is 25%;
the mass ratio of the aluminum chloride hexahydrate to the ammonia water is 1.21:1;
the mixed acid consists of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and the mass ratio of the acetic acid to the hydrochloric acid is 0.8:1;
the mass ratio of the mixed acid to the aluminum chloride hexahydrate is 2.1:1;
(2) Preparation of spinnability mixed glue
Adding 9wt% lanthanum acetate solution and 14wt% yttrium nitrate solution into aluminum sol, performing ball milling treatment, wherein the ball-material ratio is 4:1, the ball milling rotation speed is 303rpm, the ball milling time is 50min, the ball milling temperature is 36 ℃, and after ball milling, aging in a water bath at 56 ℃ until the viscosity is 65 Pa.s, so as to obtain spinnability mixed glue;
The mass ratio of the aluminum sol to the lanthanum acetate to the yttrium nitrate solution is 95:2.4:2.0;
(3) Spinning process
And (3) centrifuging the spinnability mixed glue, spinning at a spinning hole diameter of 0.25mm and a spinning speed of 3800rpm and a spinning temperature of 26 ℃ to obtain mixed gel fibers, crushing the mixed gel fibers to a particle size of 0.5mm, heating to 525 ℃ at a speed of 1.0 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.6 hours at the 525 ℃, heating to 816 ℃ at a speed of 3.2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.7 hours at the 816 ℃, heating to 1030 ℃ at a speed of 5.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2.1 hours at the 1030 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the composite ceramic fibers.
2. Preparation of composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel
(1) Preparation of silica sols
Mixing tetraethoxysilane, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.1 after uniformly stirring, continuously stirring for 18min, wherein the stirring rotating speed is 205rpm, heating to 40 ℃ at the speed of 0.1 ℃/min after stirring, then adding ammonia water to adjust the pH to 8.1, and continuously stirring to obtain silica sol;
the mol ratio of the tetraethoxysilane to the deionized water to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1.1:2.2:7.4;
The mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 17%;
The mass concentration of the ammonia water is 26%;
(2) Dipping
Placing the composite ceramic fiber in a closed container, adding 3 times of silica sol, vacuumizing the closed container to the vacuum degree of 0.06MPa, introducing nitrogen to the pressure of 0.23MPa, controlling the temperature to 35 ℃, stirring at 263rpm, stirring for 32min, adding nickel acetate solution, increasing the pressure to 0.28MPa, controlling the temperature to be unchanged, continuing stirring for 12min, ending stirring, and filtering to obtain the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol;
the mass concentration of the nickel acetate solution is 15%;
The volume ratio of the silica sol to the nickel acetate is 20:4.1;
(3) Post-treatment
Heating the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol to 40 ℃, placing the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol in absolute ethyl alcohol with 3 times of volume for ageing treatment when the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol does not flow any more, obtaining aged gel after ageing for 11 hours, pre-cooling the aged gel at-20 ℃ for 1.4 hours, then placing the gel in a vacuum freeze dryer, controlling the temperature of a cold trap to be-33 ℃ and the vacuum degree to be 22Pa, and after the freeze drying is finished, naturally recovering the composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel to room temperature, heating the composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel to 566 ℃ at the speed of 2.1 ℃/min, standing the composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel for 2.8 hours at 566 ℃, and naturally recovering the composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel to room temperature.
3. Preparation of the enhancer
Adding zirconium powder and titanium powder into absolute ethyl alcohol for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time is 33min, the ball milling rotating speed is 241rpm, the ball material ratio is 4:1, the ball milling temperature is 43 ℃, cerium nitrate is added after ball milling is finished, the ball milling treatment is continued, the ball milling time is 17min, the ball milling temperature is 50 ℃, after ball milling is finished, the temperature is increased to 522 ℃ at the speed of 1.8 ℃/min, the baking is carried out for 4.5h at 522 ℃, and the baking is finished, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the strengthening agent;
The mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the zirconium powder to the titanium powder to the cerium nitrate is 127:2.1:3.0:3.5.
4. Mixing material
Uniformly mixing an aluminum-based material and a reinforcing agent, smelting to obtain an aluminum-based liquid, heating the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel to 405 ℃ at a speed of 3.0 ℃/min, then placing the aluminum-based liquid in a mould, wherein the temperature of the mould is 405 ℃, adding the aluminum-based liquid into the mould to perform infiltration treatment on the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel, controlling the infiltration pressure to be 21MPa, controlling the infiltration time to be 1.0min, and solidifying and cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy material;
the mass ratio of the aluminum-based material to the reinforcing agent to the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel is 98:1.2:6.3;
The aluminum-based material comprises, by mass, 0.83% of magnesium, 0.30% of iron, 0.04% of copper, 0.47% of aluminum-manganese alloy, 1.2% of aluminum-vanadium alloy and the balance of aluminum;
in the aluminum-manganese alloy, the mass content of manganese is 8%;
in the aluminum-vanadium alloy, the mass content of vanadium is 8%.
Example 3
1. Preparation of composite ceramic fibers
(1) Preparation of aluminum sol
Mixing aluminum chloride hexahydrate with deionized water of 9 times of mass, stirring uniformly, adding ammonia water, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 19min, controlling the ultrasonic frequency to be 42kHz, controlling the ultrasonic power to be 80W, controlling the temperature to be 24 ℃ after ultrasonic treatment, standing for 2.3h, filtering and washing after the standing reaction is finished, preparing filter residues, adding deionized water of 12 times of mass into the filter residues, stirring uniformly to prepare suspension, adding mixed acid into the suspension, heating to 40 ℃ at the speed of 0.4 ℃/min after stirring uniformly, and standing for 8.6h at the temperature of 40 ℃ to prepare aluminum sol;
The mass concentration of the ammonia water is 27%;
The mass ratio of the aluminum chloride hexahydrate to the ammonia water is 1.25:1;
the mixed acid consists of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and the mass ratio of the acetic acid to the hydrochloric acid is 1.2:1;
the mass ratio of the mixed acid to the aluminum chloride hexahydrate is 2.3:1;
(2) Preparation of spinnability mixed glue
Adding 11wt% lanthanum acetate solution and 16wt% yttrium nitrate solution into aluminum sol, performing ball milling treatment, wherein the ball-material ratio is 6:1, the ball milling rotation speed is 316rpm, the ball milling time is 56min, the ball milling temperature is 40 ℃, and after ball milling, aging in a water bath at 58 ℃ until the viscosity is 69 Pa.s, so as to obtain spinnability mixed glue;
the mass ratio of the aluminum sol to the lanthanum acetate to the yttrium nitrate solution is 99:2.6:2.2;
(3) Spinning process
And (3) centrifuging the spinnability mixed glue, spinning at a spinning hole diameter of 0.35mm and a rotational speed of 4000rpm and a spinning temperature of 28 ℃, so as to obtain mixed gel fibers, crushing the mixed gel fibers to a particle size of 0.7mm, heating to 536 ℃ at a speed of 1.4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.4 hours at 536 ℃, heating to 823 ℃ at a speed of 3.7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.3 hours at 823 ℃, heating to 1080 ℃ at a speed of 6.0 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.8 hours at 1080 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished, so as to obtain the composite ceramic fibers.
2. Preparation of composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel
(1) Preparation of silica sols
Mixing tetraethoxysilane, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.3 after uniformly stirring, continuously stirring for 22min, wherein the stirring rotating speed is 215rpm, heating to 42 ℃ at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min after stirring, then adding ammonia water to adjust the pH to 8.3, and continuously stirring to obtain silica sol;
the mol ratio of the tetraethoxysilane to the deionized water to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1.3:2.4:7.7;
The mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 19%;
the mass concentration of the ammonia water is 28%;
(2) Dipping
Placing the composite ceramic fiber in a closed container, then adding silica sol with the volume being 5 times that of the composite ceramic fiber, vacuumizing the closed container to the vacuum degree of 0.08MPa, introducing nitrogen to the pressure of 0.27MPa, controlling the temperature to 39 ℃, stirring at 276rpm, stirring for 24min, adding nickel acetate solution, increasing the pressure to 0.32MPa, controlling the temperature to be unchanged, continuing stirring for 14min, ending stirring, and filtering to obtain the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol;
The mass concentration of the nickel acetate solution is 17%;
The volume ratio of the silica sol to the nickel acetate is 22:4.3;
(3) Post-treatment
Heating the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol to 43 ℃, placing the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol in absolute ethyl alcohol with 5 times of volume for aging treatment when the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol does not flow, wherein the aging time is 13h, preparing aged gel after aging, pre-cooling the aged gel at-22 ℃ for 1.6h, then placing the gel in a vacuum freeze dryer, controlling the temperature of a cold trap to be-37 ℃ and the vacuum degree to be 25Pa, and after the freeze drying is finished, naturally recovering the temperature to room temperature, heating to 573 ℃ at the speed of 2.3 ℃/min, standing for 2.6h at 573 ℃, and naturally recovering the temperature to room temperature to prepare the composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel.
3. Preparation of the enhancer
Adding zirconium powder and titanium powder into absolute ethyl alcohol for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time is 37min, the ball milling rotating speed is 257rpm, the ball material ratio is 8:1, the ball milling temperature is 47 ℃, cerium nitrate is added after ball milling is finished, the ball milling treatment is continued, the ball milling time is 22min, the ball milling temperature is 54 ℃, after ball milling is finished, the temperature is increased to 536 ℃ at the speed of 2.2 ℃/min, the baking is carried out for 4.1h at 536 ℃, and the baking is finished, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the strengthening agent;
the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the zirconium powder to the titanium powder to the cerium nitrate is 133:2.3:3.4:3.8.
4. Mixing material
Uniformly mixing an aluminum-based material and a reinforcing agent, smelting to obtain an aluminum-based liquid, heating the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel to 414 ℃ at a speed of 3.4 ℃/min, then placing the aluminum-based liquid in a die, wherein the die temperature is 414 ℃, adding the aluminum-based liquid into the die to perform infiltration treatment on the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel, controlling the infiltration pressure to be 24MPa, controlling the infiltration time to be 1.3min, and solidifying and cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy material;
The mass ratio of the aluminum-based material to the reinforcing agent to the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel is 103:1.4:6.6;
the aluminum-based material comprises, by mass, 0.85% of magnesium, 0.34% of iron, 0.06% of copper, 0.50% of aluminum-manganese alloy, 1.4% of aluminum-vanadium alloy and the balance of aluminum;
In the aluminum-manganese alloy, the mass content of manganese is 11%;
in the aluminum-vanadium alloy, the mass content of vanadium is 11%.
Comparative example 1
Based on example 1, the modification was that,
① In the step of preparing the spinnability mixed glue, omitting a lanthanum acetate solution and a yttrium nitrate solution, directly aging the aluminum sol in a water bath at 57 ℃ until the viscosity is 67 Pa.s, and preparing the spinnability mixed glue;
② In the dipping step, the operation of adding nickel acetate solution, increasing the pressure to 0.30MPa, controlling the temperature unchanged and continuing stirring for 13min is omitted;
The rest of the operations are the same.
Comparative example 2
Based on example 1, the modification was that,
① In the post-treatment step, the freezing treatment is replaced by drying, the drying temperature is 82 ℃, and the drying time is 6 hours;
② Omitting the components of the reinforcing agent, and in the mixing step, replacing the reinforcing agent with an aluminum-based material in an equivalent amount;
The rest of the operations are the same.
Performance detection
The products prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were subjected to performance testing as follows:
1. Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured according to GB/T228-2002 tensile test method for metallic materials, and were specifically as follows:
2. Acid resistance
The aluminum alloy materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were cut into 5.0 cm. Times.2.0 cm. Times.1.0 cm, placed in a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 30% and left to stand, and mass loss values mg at different times were measured as follows:
3. Wear resistance
The aluminum alloy materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were cut into 5.0 cm. Times.2.0 cm. Times.1.0 cm, and then subjected to cyclic abrasion at a rate of 1cm/s under a pressure of 25kPa, and the operation was repeated 100 times, and the mass loss was measured as follows:
4. Salt tolerance
The aluminum alloy materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were cut into 5.0cm×2.0cm×1.0cm, immersed in 25% sodium chloride solution at 40 ℃ for 120 hours, and after the immersion was completed, the mechanical properties were measured as follows:
According to the invention, a lanthanum source and a yttrium source are introduced into the alumina sol, rare earth elements are compounded in the alumina fiber, and by utilizing the characteristic that the radius of rare earth element ions is larger, the rare earth elements exist at the grain boundary of the alumina, so that the migration rate of aluminum ions is inhibited, the grain boundary migration rate is lower, the growth of crystal grains at high temperature is inhibited, the stability of the composite ceramic fiber is enhanced, and the composite ceramic fiber has compact internal structure and good toughness; placing the composite ceramic fiber in silica sol, adding nickel acetate for full impregnation, fully filling the composite ceramic fiber by the silica sol, coating a layer of compact, complete and uniform silica aerogel on the surface of the composite ceramic fiber, wherein the addition of nickel acetate can improve the wettability of an interface, and finally, through a vacuum freeze-drying step in a post-treatment step, the collapse of holes caused by the action of the surface tension of a solid-liquid interface in the drying process is avoided, the hole integrity of the silica aerogel is ensured, so that the contact area and the bonding property of the prepared composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel can be increased when the prepared composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel is mixed with an aluminum-based material, the agglomeration among all components is avoided, the dispersion performance is improved, the mixing uniformity between the composite ceramic fiber and the aluminum-based material is improved, the mechanical property and the mechanical stability of the aluminum-based material are improved, the wear resistance is enhanced, and the corrosion resistance is good; the invention adopts a specific method to prepare the reinforcing agent, which is used as the reinforcing phase of the aluminum-based material, can improve the mechanical property, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum-based material, can enhance the compatibility and the binding force with the aluminum-based material after ball milling treatment, and is combined with specific technical means such as composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel to prepare the aluminum-based material, which has excellent and uniform mechanical property, little mass loss after friction, low mass loss in an acidic environment and can still maintain excellent mechanical property in a salt environment.
In the step of preparing spinnability mixed glue, the lanthanum acetate solution and the yttrium nitrate solution are omitted in the comparative example 1, so that the migration rate of grain boundaries is high, grains grow faster at high temperature, the internal structure of the composite ceramic fiber is loose and not compact, the stability of the composite ceramic fiber is reduced, the nickel acetate solution is omitted in the dipping process, so that the wettability of the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel and the aluminum-based material is poor, the effective combination between the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel and the aluminum-based material cannot be realized, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material is reduced, the mechanical property is uneven, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance are poor, and the service performance is seriously influenced;
In the post-treatment step, the method of high-temperature drying is adopted in the comparative example 2, which can cause the collapse of the silica aerogel holes due to the action of the surface tension of a solid-liquid interface in the drying process, so that the holes are incomplete, the connectivity of the holes is reduced, the contact area is small when the aluminum-based material is mixed with the aluminum-based material, the aluminum-based liquid cannot be fully infiltrated into the gaps inside the silica aerogel, the enhancer component is omitted in the comparative example 2, the mechanical property and the mechanical stability of the finally prepared aluminum-based alloy material are poor, the wear resistance is not realized, and the service life is shortened.
The proportions described in the invention are mass proportions, and the percentages are mass percentages unless otherwise specified.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the steps of preparing composite ceramic fiber, preparing composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel, preparing a reinforcing agent and mixing;
The preparation of the composite ceramic fiber comprises the steps of preparing aluminum sol, preparing spinnability mixed glue and spinning;
The preparation of the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel comprises the steps of silica sol preparation, impregnation and post-treatment;
Mixing aluminum chloride hexahydrate with deionized water with the mass of 7-9 times, stirring uniformly, adding ammonia water, performing ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 15-19min, controlling the ultrasonic frequency to be 37-42kHz, the ultrasonic power to be 75-80W, controlling the temperature to be 20-24 ℃ after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, standing for 2.0-2.3h, filtering, washing to obtain filter residues, adding deionized water with the mass of 10-12 times into the filter residues, stirring uniformly to obtain a suspension, adding mixed acid into the suspension, heating to 36-40 ℃ at the speed of 0.2-0.4 ℃/min after stirring uniformly, and standing for 8.3-8.6h at 36-40 ℃ to obtain aluminum sol;
Adding 9-11wt% lanthanum acetate solution and 14-16wt% yttrium nitrate solution into aluminum sol, then performing ball milling treatment, wherein the ball material ratio is 4-6:1, the ball milling rotating speed is 303-316rpm, the ball milling time is 50-56min, the ball milling temperature is 36-40 ℃, after ball milling, aging is performed in a water bath at 56-58 ℃ until the viscosity is 65-69 Pa.s, and obtaining the spinnability mixed glue;
Putting the composite ceramic fiber into a closed container, adding silica sol with 3-5 times of volume, vacuumizing the closed container to the vacuum degree of 0.06-0.08MPa, introducing nitrogen to the pressure of 0.23-0.27MPa, controlling the temperature to be 35-39 ℃, stirring at 263-276rpm, stirring for 24-32min, adding nickel acetate solution, increasing the pressure to be 0.28-0.32MPa, controlling the temperature unchanged, continuing stirring for 12-14min, ending stirring, and filtering to obtain the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol;
The post-treatment step is that the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol is heated to 40-43 ℃, when the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol is not flowing any more, the composite ceramic fiber-silica sol is placed in absolute ethyl alcohol with 3-5 times of volume for ageing treatment, ageing time is 11-13h, aged gel is prepared after ageing is finished, the aged gel is placed in a pre-cooling treatment at-22-20 ℃ for 1.4-1.6h, then placed in a vacuum freeze dryer, the temperature of a cooling trap is controlled to be-37-33 ℃, the vacuum degree is 22-25Pa, the freeze drying time is 4.3-4.7h, after the vacuum freeze drying is finished, the composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel is naturally restored to room temperature, the temperature is raised to 566-573 ℃ at a speed of 2.1-2.3 ℃/min, and is kept stand for 2.6-2.8h until the composite ceramic fiber-silica aerogel is naturally restored to the room temperature;
Adding zirconium powder and titanium powder into absolute ethyl alcohol for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time is 33-37min, the ball milling rotating speed is 241-257rpm, the ball material ratio is 4-8:1, the ball milling temperature is 43-47 ℃, adding cerium nitrate after ball milling is finished, continuing ball milling treatment, the ball milling time is 17-22min, the ball milling temperature is 50-54 ℃, heating to 522-536 ℃ at the speed of 1.8-2.2 ℃/min after ball milling is finished, roasting for 4.1-4.5h at the temperature of 522-536 ℃, and cooling to room temperature after roasting to obtain the reinforcing agent;
The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing an aluminum-based material and a reinforcing agent, smelting to obtain an aluminum-based liquid, heating the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel to 405-414 ℃ at a speed of 3.0-3.4 ℃/min, then placing the aluminum-based liquid in a mould, adding the aluminum-based liquid into the mould to perform infiltration treatment on the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel, controlling the infiltration pressure to be 21-24MPa, controlling the infiltration time to be 1.0-1.3min, and solidifying and cooling to obtain an aluminum alloy material;
The mass ratio of the aluminum-based material to the reinforcing agent to the composite ceramic fiber-silicon dioxide aerogel is 98-103:1.2-1.4:6.3-6.6;
The aluminum-based material comprises, by mass, 0.83-0.85% of magnesium, 0.30-0.34% of iron, 0.04-0.06% of copper, 0.47-0.50% of aluminum-manganese alloy, 1.2-1.4% of aluminum-vanadium alloy and the balance of aluminum;
in the aluminum-manganese alloy, the mass content of manganese is 8-11%;
in the aluminum-vanadium alloy, the mass content of vanadium is 8-11%.
2. The method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein,
In the step of preparing the aluminum sol, the mass concentration of the ammonia water is 25-27%;
The mass ratio of the aluminum chloride hexahydrate to the ammonia water is 1.21-1.25:1;
the mixed acid consists of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and the mass ratio of the acetic acid to the hydrochloric acid is 0.8-1.2:1;
The mass ratio of the mixed acid to the aluminum chloride hexahydrate is 2.1-2.3:1.
3. The method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein,
The step of preparing the spinnability mixed glue comprises the steps of preparing the spinnability mixed glue, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum sol to the lanthanum acetate solution to the yttrium nitrate solution is 95-99:2.4-2.6:2.0-2.2.
4. The method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein,
The spinning step is that spinning the spinnability mixed glue is spun by centrifugation, the diameter of a spinning hole is 0.25-0.35mm, the rotating speed is 3800-4000rpm, the spinning temperature is 26-28 ℃, mixed gel fibers are prepared, the mixed gel fibers are crushed to the particle size of 0.5-0.7mm, then the temperature is raised to 525-536 ℃ at the speed of 1.0-1.4 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1.3-1.6h at the temperature of 525-536 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 816-823 ℃ at the speed of 3.2-3.7 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1.3-1.7h at the temperature of 816-823 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 1030-1080 ℃ at the speed of 5.5-6.0 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1.8-2.1h at the temperature of 1030-1080 ℃, and the temperature is naturally lowered to room temperature after the temperature is kept, and the composite ceramic fibers are prepared.
5. The method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein,
Mixing tetraethoxysilane, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.1-4.3 after uniformly stirring, continuously stirring for 18-22min, wherein the stirring rotating speed is 205-215rpm, heating to 40-42 ℃ at the speed of 0.1-0.3 ℃/min after stirring, adding ammonia water to adjust the pH to 8.1-8.3, and continuously stirring to obtain silica sol;
The mol ratio of the tetraethoxysilane to the deionized water to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1.1-1.3:2.2-2.4:7.4-7.7;
The mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 17-19%;
The mass concentration of the ammonia water is 26-28%.
6. The method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein,
In the dipping step, the mass concentration of the nickel acetate solution is 15-17%;
The volume ratio of the silica sol to the nickel acetate is 20-22:4.1-4.3.
7. The method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein,
In the step of preparing the reinforcing agent, the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the zirconium powder to the titanium powder to the cerium nitrate is 127-133:2.1-2.3:3.0-3.4:3.5-3.8.
8. A high strength aluminum alloy material produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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