CN110791718A - Basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110791718A CN110791718A CN201911360247.3A CN201911360247A CN110791718A CN 110791718 A CN110791718 A CN 110791718A CN 201911360247 A CN201911360247 A CN 201911360247A CN 110791718 A CN110791718 A CN 110791718A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/04—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by coating, e.g. with a protective or activated covering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
Abstract
The invention provides a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material which is characterized by comprising copper-based powder and modified basalt fiber, wherein the modified basalt fiber is a basalt fiber modified by aluminum oxide coating, and the powder metallurgy material further comprises metal oxide or metal active elements. The modification of the surface of the basalt fiber realizes the modification of the basalt fiber and a metal matrix interface reaction system, improves the interface combination condition, improves the brittleness of the composite material and improves the mechanical property of the copper-based material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a powder metallurgy material, in particular to a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The copper-based powder metallurgy friction material takes copper or copper alloy as a matrix, A12O3The ceramic phase is friction component, the graphite, lead and other solid lubricant is lubricating component, and the composite powder metallurgy material is prepared through mixing powder, pressing and pressure sintering. The copper-based powder metallurgy friction material has high strength, proper friction coefficient, good wear resistance, adhesion resistance and thermal conductivity, and can still ensure good friction coefficient and stability in severe environments with large temperature difference, humidity, dryness and the like, and can be used for friction clutch devices and brakesThe method is widely applied.
Basalt fiber (BF for short) is a high-performance inorganic fiber formed by drawing molten basalt at a high speed, and compared with other high-tech fibers such as carbon fiber, ultra-polyethylene fiber and aramid fiber, BF has the advantages of wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. In addition, the raw material source of BF is sufficient and the price is low, which is one of the important advantages of BF research and utilization. BF-reinforced composites have been developed and used in a variety of fields, such as: in the aspects of fire prevention, heat insulation, infrastructure construction, environmental protection, structural materials, national defense, military industry and the like, BF is praised as a novel green inorganic non-metallic material for sustainable development in the 21 st century.
Basalt fiber reinforced metal matrix composite materials are new materials compounded by two materials with completely different properties, so a good and stable interface must be obtained. In order to improve the fiber infiltration of the liquid metal and improve the stability of the interface, three main methods are used: firstly, adding alloy elements into a matrix; secondly, carrying out surface modification treatment on the fiber; thirdly, coating a very thin middle layer on the surface of the fiber. The second method is mainly used for the reinforcing fiber used for the metal matrix composite at present. At present, the research on basalt fiber reinforced metal matrix composite materials mainly focuses on further simplifying the production process and reducing the cost, and a great deal of theoretical research on the materials is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention aims to provide a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material, wherein basalt fibers are used as a reinforcement body, are inorganic non-metallic materials, have poor wettability with a copper matrix, and inevitably cause the performance of a composite material to be rapidly reduced, even cannot be compounded into a whole. In order to prepare the composite material with excellent performance, the surface of the reinforced material needs to be modified by a surface physical or chemical method, the surface morphology, the crystalline state, the surface energy, the polarity and the surface chemical composition of the reinforced material are changed, a weak surface boundary layer is removed, and the surface is adjusted to be matched and adapted with the surface performance of a matrix so as to improve the compatibility, the wettability, the reactivity and the adhesive property of the reinforced material and the matrix.
The technical scheme is as follows: the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises copper-based powder and modified basalt fiber, wherein the modified basalt fiber is modified by aluminum oxide coating.
Further, the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material also comprises metal oxides or metal active elements.
Further, the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material is characterized in that the metal oxide is copper oxide.
Further, the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material is characterized in that: the metal active element is Ti.
The preparation method of the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from basalt fibers: carrying out heat treatment on basalt fibers, then placing the basalt fibers in deionized water, stirring and dispersing the basalt fibers until the basalt fibers are in monofilament dispersion, and drying the basalt fibers for later use;
(2) coating modification of basalt fibers: dissolving the basalt fiber treated in the step (1) in DMF, adding aluminum isopropoxide, stirring, standing, aging, filtering, drying and then carrying out heat treatment to obtain alumina coated modified basalt fiber;
(3) copper-based powder metallurgy material: and (3) attaching copper oxide or titanium on the surface of the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber prepared in the step (2), and preparing the basalt fiber-reinforced copper-based composite material by adopting a cold pressing sintering process.
The preparation process of the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the steps of adding the basalt fiber coated and modified by the alumina into a dispersion liquid containing the copper oxide, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, filtering, drying and sintering.
The preparation process of the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the steps of placing iodine, titanium powder and the alumina coated modified basalt fiber in a reaction container, vacuumizing, introducing Ar gas, heating to 1150 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 60min, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace.
In the preparation method of the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material, in the step (3), the pressing pressure of the cold pressing sintering is 400-.
Has the advantages that: the copper-based powder metallurgy material has the following advantages:
(1) the thermal expansion coefficients of the copper matrix and the basalt fiber are not matched, the difference of chemical bonds is large, finally, the wettability of two phases is poor, and the combination condition of the two phases is also very poor;
(2) the modification of the surface of the basalt fiber realizes the modification of the basalt fiber and a metal matrix interface reaction system, improves the interface combination condition, improves the brittleness of the composite material and improves the mechanical property of the copper-based material.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from basalt fibers: carrying out heat treatment on the basalt fibers at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 60min, then placing the basalt fibers in deionized water, stirring and dispersing until the basalt fibers are in monofilament dispersion, and drying for later use;
(2) coating modification of basalt fibers: dissolving the basalt fiber treated in the step (1) in DMF, stirring for 10min at room temperature, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, repeating the above processes for 3 times, adding aluminum isopropoxide, stirring, standing and aging for 20h to obtain colloidal liquid, filtering, drying, and then carrying out heat treatment in Ar atmosphere at the temperature of 800 ℃ for 4h to obtain the alumina coated modified basalt fiber, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fiber to the aluminum isopropoxide is 1: 3;
(3) copper-based powder metallurgy material: adding the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber prepared in the step (2) into a dispersion liquid containing copper oxide, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, filtering, drying and sintering, preparing the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material by adopting a cold-pressing sintering process, wherein the pressing pressure of the cold-pressing sintering is 400MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 4min, the vacuum sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be raised to 800 ℃ within 8 hours during sintering, the temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ within 3 hours, and then the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material is cooled along with a furnace.
Example 2
A preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from basalt fibers: carrying out heat treatment on the basalt fibers at 550 ℃ for 120min, then placing the basalt fibers in deionized water, stirring and dispersing until the basalt fibers are in monofilament dispersion, and drying for later use;
(2) coating modification of basalt fibers: dissolving the basalt fiber treated in the step (1) in DMF, stirring for 10min at room temperature, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50min, repeating the above processes for 3 times, adding aluminum isopropoxide, stirring, standing and aging for 20h to obtain colloidal liquid, filtering, drying, and then carrying out heat treatment in Ar atmosphere at the temperature of 800 ℃ for 1h to obtain the alumina coated modified basalt fiber, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fiber to the aluminum isopropoxide is 1: 10;
(3) copper-based powder metallurgy material: adding the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber prepared in the step (2) into a dispersion liquid containing copper oxide, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, filtering, drying and sintering, preparing the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material by adopting a cold-pressing sintering process, wherein the pressing pressure of the cold-pressing sintering is 500MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 3min, the vacuum sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be raised to 1000 ℃ within 8 hours during sintering, the temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ within 4 hours, and then the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material is cooled along with a furnace.
Example 3
A preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from basalt fibers: carrying out heat treatment on the basalt fibers at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 90min, then placing the basalt fibers in deionized water, stirring and dispersing until the basalt fibers are in monofilament dispersion, and drying for later use;
(2) coating modification of basalt fibers: dissolving the basalt fiber treated in the step (1) in DMF, stirring for 10min at room temperature, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40min, repeating the above process for 3 times, adding aluminum isopropoxide, stirring, standing and aging for 20h to obtain colloidal liquid, filtering, drying, and then carrying out heat treatment in Ar atmosphere at the temperature of 800 ℃ for 2h to obtain the alumina coated modified basalt fiber, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fiber to the aluminum isopropoxide is 1: 6;
(3) copper-based powder metallurgy material: adding the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber prepared in the step (2) into a dispersion liquid containing copper oxide, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, filtering, drying and sintering, preparing the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material by adopting a cold-pressing sintering process, wherein the pressing pressure of the cold-pressing sintering is 450MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 3min, the vacuum sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be increased to 900 ℃ within 8 hours during sintering, the temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ within 4 hours, and then the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material is cooled along with a furnace.
Example 4
A preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from basalt fibers: carrying out heat treatment on the basalt fibers at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 60min, then placing the basalt fibers in deionized water, stirring and dispersing until the basalt fibers are in monofilament dispersion, and drying for later use;
(2) coating modification of basalt fibers: dissolving the basalt fiber treated in the step (1) in DMF, stirring for 10min at room temperature, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, repeating the above processes for 3 times, adding aluminum isopropoxide, stirring, standing and aging for 20h to obtain colloidal liquid, filtering, drying, and then carrying out heat treatment in Ar atmosphere at the temperature of 800 ℃ for 1h to obtain the alumina coated modified basalt fiber, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fiber to the aluminum isopropoxide is 1: 3;
(3) copper-based powder metallurgy material: and (3) attaching Ti to the surface of the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber prepared in the step (2) by a preparation process of placing the iodine, titanium powder and the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber in a reaction container, vacuumizing and introducing Ar gas, heating to 1150 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 60min, then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, preparing the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material by adopting a cold-pressing sintering process, wherein the pressing pressure of cold-pressing sintering is 400MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 3min, the vacuum sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature is increased to 800 ℃ within 7 hours during sintering, the temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ within 4 hours, and then cooling along with the furnace.
Example 5
A preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from basalt fibers: carrying out heat treatment on the basalt fibers at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 120min, then placing the basalt fibers in deionized water, stirring and dispersing until the basalt fibers are in monofilament dispersion, and drying for later use;
(2) coating modification of basalt fibers: dissolving the basalt fiber treated in the step (1) in DMF, stirring for 10min at room temperature, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50min, repeating the above processes for 3 times, adding aluminum isopropoxide, stirring, standing and aging for 20h to obtain colloidal liquid, filtering, drying, and then carrying out heat treatment in Ar atmosphere at the temperature of 800 ℃ for 4h to obtain the alumina coated modified basalt fiber, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fiber to the aluminum isopropoxide is 1: 10;
(3) copper-based powder metallurgy material: and (3) attaching Ti to the surface of the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber prepared in the step (2) by a preparation process of placing the iodine, titanium powder and the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber in a reaction container, vacuumizing and introducing Ar gas, heating to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 90min, then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, preparing the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material by adopting a cold-pressing sintering process, wherein the pressing pressure of cold-pressing sintering is 500MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 4min, the vacuum sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, the temperature is increased to 1000 ℃ within 7 hours during sintering, the temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ within 3 hours, and then cooling along with the furnace.
Example 6
A preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from basalt fibers: carrying out heat treatment on the basalt fibers at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 80min, then placing the basalt fibers in deionized water, stirring and dispersing until the basalt fibers are in monofilament dispersion, and drying for later use;
(2) coating modification of basalt fibers: dissolving the basalt fiber treated in the step (1) in DMF, stirring for 10min at room temperature, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40min, repeating the above process for 3 times, adding aluminum isopropoxide, stirring, standing and aging for 20h to obtain colloidal liquid, filtering, drying, and then carrying out heat treatment in Ar atmosphere at the temperature of 800 ℃ for 2h to obtain the alumina coated modified basalt fiber, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fiber to the aluminum isopropoxide is 1: 6;
(3) copper-based powder metallurgy material: and (3) attaching Ti to the surface of the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber prepared in the step (2) by a preparation process of placing the iodine, titanium powder and the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber in a reaction container, vacuumizing and introducing Ar gas, heating to 1050 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 50min, then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, preparing the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material by adopting a cold-pressing sintering process, wherein the pressing pressure of cold-pressing sintering is 450MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 3min, the vacuum sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be increased to 900 ℃ within 7 hours during sintering, the temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ within 3 hours, and then the basalt fiber is cooled along with the furnace.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from basalt fibers: carrying out heat treatment on the basalt fibers at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 90min, then placing the basalt fibers in deionized water, stirring and dispersing until the basalt fibers are in monofilament dispersion, and drying for later use;
(2) copper-based powder metallurgy material: adding the basalt fiber coated and modified by aluminum oxide into a dispersion liquid containing copper oxide, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, filtering, drying and sintering, preparing the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material by adopting a cold-pressing sintering process, keeping the pressure of the cold-pressing sintering at 450MPa for 3min, keeping the vacuum sintering temperature at 900 ℃, controlling the temperature to rise to 900 ℃ in 8 hours during sintering, reducing the temperature to 400 ℃ in 4 hours during heat preservation, and cooling along with a furnace.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from basalt fibers: carrying out heat treatment on the basalt fibers at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 60min, then placing the basalt fibers in deionized water, stirring and dispersing until the basalt fibers are in monofilament dispersion, and drying for later use;
(2) copper-based powder metallurgy material: and (2) preparing the basalt fiber reinforced copper-based composite material from the basalt fiber prepared in the step (1) by adopting a cold-pressing sintering process, wherein the pressing pressure of the cold-pressing sintering is 400MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 3min, the vacuum sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature is increased to 800 ℃ within 7 hours during sintering, the temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ within 4 hours, and then the composite material is cooled along with a furnace.
The friction wear test is carried out on an MM-1000 friction wear testing machine according to JB-T7269-94, and the test conditions are as follows: the rotational inertia is 2.5 kg.m 2, the brake pressure is 0.6 MPa, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 6500 r/min; the mating part is made of 30crNiMo alloy steel, and the hardness is HB 300-370;
the bending strength and the compressive strength are respectively determined according to GB/T10422-89 and GB/T0424-89.
Claims (8)
1. The basalt fiber reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material is characterized by comprising copper-based powder and modified basalt fiber, wherein the modified basalt fiber is subjected to aluminum oxide coating modification.
2. The basalt fiber-reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 1, wherein: the powder metallurgy material further comprises a metal oxide or a metal active element.
3. The basalt fiber-reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 2, wherein: the metal oxide is copper oxide.
4. The basalt fiber-reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 3, wherein: the metal active element is Ti.
5. The production method of the basalt fiber-reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
removing impurities from basalt fibers: carrying out heat treatment on basalt fibers, then placing the basalt fibers in deionized water, stirring and dispersing the basalt fibers until the basalt fibers are in monofilament dispersion, and drying the basalt fibers for later use;
coating modification of basalt fibers: dissolving the basalt fiber treated in the step (1) in DMF, adding aluminum isopropoxide, stirring, standing, aging, filtering, drying and then carrying out heat treatment to obtain alumina coated modified basalt fiber;
copper-based powder metallurgy material: and (3) attaching copper oxide or titanium on the surface of the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber prepared in the step (2), and preparing the basalt fiber-reinforced copper-based composite material by adopting a cold pressing sintering process.
6. The preparation method of the basalt fiber-reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the preparation process of adhering copper oxide on the surface of the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber comprises the steps of adding the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber into a dispersion liquid containing copper oxide, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, filtering, drying and sintering.
7. The preparation method of the basalt fiber-reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the preparation process of adhering Ti to the surface of the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber comprises the steps of placing iodine, titanium powder and the alumina-coated modified basalt fiber in a reaction container, vacuumizing, introducing Ar gas, heating to 1150 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 60min, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace.
8. The preparation method of the basalt fiber-reinforced copper-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the pressing pressure of the cold-pressing sintering in the step (3) is 400-500MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 3-4min, the vacuum sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h.
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2019
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| US4572271A (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1986-02-25 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of producing a machine part of fiber-reinforced composite material, the fiber-reinforcement body and the machine part |
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Application publication date: 20200214 |