CN118151703A - Salt fog, humidity and temperature cooperative regulation and control method for service environment of electrical product - Google Patents
Salt fog, humidity and temperature cooperative regulation and control method for service environment of electrical product Download PDFInfo
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical group [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a salt fog, humidity and temperature cooperative regulation method of an electrical product service environment, which is used for obtaining a proper product service micro-environment temperature range T ' ' 1~T''2 according to a proper product operation temperature range T ' 1~T'2 under a specific working condition A; then determining the optimal product service micro-environment temperature from the range of T '1~T''2 according to the relation between the salt spray deposition amount and the temperature, and controlling the temperature T' A as the product service micro-environment under the specific working condition A so as to obtain the minimum salt spray deposition amount; finally, the product service microenvironment control temperature T ' A and the product running temperature T ' A under T ' A are utilized to be substituted into a corrected dew point temperature formula, and the humidity threshold of condensation generated by the product is calculatedAnd controlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a synergistic regulation and control method for multiple factors of salt fog, humidity and temperature of an electrical product service environment in a marine region climate environment.
Background
Due to the characteristic of the 'three-high' environment of the special high temperature, high humidity and high salt fog of the climate environment in the ocean area, the problem of failure of the electrical products of the types such as electromechanics, communication and the like serving in the environment is quite remarkable. The main factors affecting corrosion or failure of metal electrical products in the climate environment of the marine area include temperature, humidity, salt mist and the like.
1. Temperature: when the service environment temperature of the electrical product is too high, the insulation system is easy to melt to cause short circuit, burnout, firing and the like, and the metal corrosion rate can be improved due to the temperature rise, so that air cooling or liquid cooling mode is usually required to be adopted for various electrical products; when the temperature is too low, the insulating material can be hardened and embrittled to weaken the structural strength as well, and the normal operation is influenced by the freezing of liquid, so that the polarization phenomenon of power supply systems such as batteries and the like is serious, the service life and the performance of the batteries are influenced, and therefore, the normal opening of electrical products can be ensured by adopting modes such as hot start and the like.
2. Humidity: the problem of condensation is easily caused by abrupt change of high-humidity environment and product working conditions, so that the problems of flashover, creepage and the like of an insulating material are caused; meanwhile, the humidity and other factors have synergistic effect, such as forming a thin liquid film on the surface of an electrical product, adsorbing or dissolving salt fog particles in the environment, and increasing the conductivity of liquid drops so as to accelerate the electrochemical corrosion rate of the metal surface; in addition, high humidity can cause the electrical product to mold, can corrode circuitry, can reduce instrument accuracy, or can cause equipment failure, or even burn out the instrument.
3. Salt mist: the salt fog is mainly composed of sodium chloride, and can accelerate the corrosion reaction rate of metal materials in a humid environment, and the generated corrosion products lead to poor contact of electric components, thus causing shutdown, electric leakage and electric shock and causing life safety accidents.
The three important environmental parameters of temperature, humidity and salt fog have great influence on electrical products, and the influence behavior of a single factor is relatively simple, but the three are often mutually coupled to form a complex system.
For example, for the condensation phenomenon caused by the difference of temperature and humidity, the possibility of the condensation can be generally determined according to the dew point temperature and the ambient temperature under a certain humidity, however, when the environment contains salt fog, the environment always generates the condensation when the temperature is far higher than the dew point temperature, so that certain misjudgment is caused, and the loss is unpredictable.
For example, for the sedimentation and particle distribution of salt fog, when the humidity is low, salt tends to aggregate to form dry salt nuclei, the dead weight and the volume are reduced, the sedimentation rate is reduced, the migration is easier, and the corrosiveness is reduced; when the humidity is high, salt absorbs moisture to form liquid drops, the volume is increased, the dead weight is increased, sedimentation is facilitated, filtration by a filter is facilitated, and the risk of condensation is increased.
For example, for the condensation phenomenon, when the temperature is higher, the risk of the condensation phenomenon is reduced, salt tends to aggregate to form dry salt nuclei, the dead weight is light, the salt is not easy to settle, the corrosiveness is low, but the higher temperature can cause the insulation system to melt, so that short circuit, burn, fire and the like are caused, and meanwhile, the metal corrosion rate can be improved due to the temperature rise.
Therefore, the three environmental parameters are related and restrained mutually, so that the research on the mutual coupling and effect of temperature, humidity and salt mist is particularly important, a mutual coordination control method of the three is urgently needed, three proper environmental parameters are obtained, and then the service environment of an electrical product is comprehensively regulated and controlled through cooling, dehumidification and desalination under certain working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a salt fog, humidity and temperature cooperative regulation and control method for an electrical product service environment, which is used for realizing the mutual regulation and control among salt fog, humidity and temperature, guiding the design of the control boundary of the temperature, humidity and salt fog factors of the service environment, realizing the accurate environmental control of electrical and electronic products in the climate environment of a marine region and improving the reliability and durability of the products.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A salt fog, humidity and temperature cooperative regulation and control method for an electrical product service environment comprises the following steps:
(1) Acquiring the average temperature T of the external natural environment, and acquiring the operating temperature range T' 1~T'2 of a proper product under the temperature T and the specific working condition A;
(2) Monitoring the product service micro-environment temperature T '' when the product runs under a specific working condition A, and regulating and controlling the product service micro-environment temperature T '' in a heating or cooling mode to control the product running temperature T 'within a range of T' 1~T'2, so as to obtain a proper product service micro-environment temperature range T '' 1~T''2;
(3) According to the relation between the salt spray deposition amount and the temperature, determining the optimal product service micro-environment temperature within the range of T ' 1~T''2 obtained in the step (2), wherein the optimal product service micro-environment temperature is used as a product service micro-environment control temperature T ' A (hereinafter referred to as a micro-environment control temperature T ' A) under specific working condition A so as to obtain the minimum salt spray deposition amount, and ensuring that the salt spray stays in the environment or is taken away along with air flow and cannot be deposited on the surface of a product;
(4) Correcting the dew point temperature formula, substituting the temperature T ' A and the product running temperature T ' A under T ' A into the corrected dew point temperature formula, and calculating to obtain the humidity threshold of the condensation generated by the product And controlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/>So as to avoid the problem of condensation of the product.
Therefore, the invention realizes the cooperative regulation and control of salt fog, humidity and temperature, ensures that the product runs at a proper temperature, effectively avoids the problems of condensation and salt fog deposition, and improves the reliability and durability of the product.
The invention is suitable for regulating and controlling the salt fog, the humidity and the temperature of the service environment of electromechanical and communication type electrical products, such as generators, frequency converters, data terminals, photovoltaic power generation equipment and the like, and is particularly suitable for the electrical products in service in the climate environment of ocean areas.
The suitable product operating temperature range T' 1~T'2 in the present invention means that the product can operate at positive power within this temperature range, which can be obtained by querying the product specifications or by testing by methods conventional in the art.
The product service microenvironment refers to the environment of the internal installation element of the product in service, in other words, the product service microenvironment temperature and the product service microenvironment refer to the air temperature and the air humidity of the internal installation element of the product, and particularly can be the ambient air temperature and the air humidity between the product shell and the internal element of the product.
In the step (3), the relation between the salt spray deposition amount and the temperature is as follows:
，
Wherein S salt is the deposition amount of salt fog, the unit is mg/m 2,Csalt is the salt fog concentration, the unit is mg/m 3,
G is the gravity acceleration, the unit is m/s 2,The air density is expressed as kg/m 3,
Eta is the ambient aerodynamic viscosity in Pa.s,
，
V is the salt fog volume, r is the salt fog radius, the unit is m, t is the ambient temperature, and the unit is Kelvin (K).
In the step (3), firstly, determining the salt fog concentration, the salt fog volume and the salt fog radius in the micro-environment of the product service, substituting the temperature value within the range of T' 1~T''2 as the ambient temperature T into the relational expression of the salt fog deposition amount and the temperature, and calculating the corresponding salt fog deposition amount; and then determining the optimal product service microenvironment temperature according to the minimum salt spray deposition amount to obtain the microenvironment control temperature T' A.
In the step (4), the influence of salt mist and capillary condensation factors on the dew point temperature is considered, and the influence coefficient D X of the deposited salt on the dew point and the influence coefficient D C of the capillary condensation on the dew point are introduced into a dew point temperature formula to be corrected;
the corrected dew point temperature formula is: ；
Wherein t d is the dew point temperature in degrees Kelvin (K); t is the ambient temperature in degrees Kelvin (K); Is ambient relative humidity,% RH; d X is the influence coefficient of the deposited salt on the dew point, i.e. the deliquescence relative humidity of the deposited salt; d C is the coefficient of influence of capillary condensation on the dew point, i.e., capillary condensation relative humidity.
Above-mentionedWherein E r is the vapor pressure of the meniscus in Pa; e is the vapor pressure of the horizontal liquid level in Pa; Is the surface tension of the liquid, and is expressed in units of cattle per meter (N/m); v m is the liquid molar volume in cubic meters per mole (m 3/mol); r is Kelvin radius and capillary condensation critical radius, and the unit is meter (m); r is a gas constant, 8.314J/(K.mol); t is the ambient temperature in degrees Kelvin (K).
In step (4), specifically, substituting the microenvironment control temperature t″ A as T d and the product running temperature T' A as T into the corrected dew point temperature formula to calculate to obtain the humidity threshold of condensation generated by the productThen controlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/>。
Further, if the product is switched from the specific working condition a to the specific working condition B, the running temperature of the product is changed from T 'A to T' B immediately, and the ambient temperature is not changed, so that condensation is easily generated in the process. Therefore, considering the condensation problem caused by the change of the working condition state of the product, substituting the micro-environment control temperature T ' ' - A as T d and the product running temperature T ' B after switching to the specific working condition B as T into the dew point temperature formula for calculation to obtain the humidity threshold value generating condensation due to the working condition changeControlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/>And/>Is a smaller value of (a).
Further, if the average temperature T of the external natural environment changes within a short time (for example, within 5-10 min)This process tends to lead to condensation on the outer surface of the electrical product. Therefore, considering the condensation problem caused by the change of the external natural environment temperature in a short time, the micro-environment control temperature T″ A is taken as T d, and the changed environment temperature/>Substituting t into a dew point temperature formula to calculate, and obtaining humidity threshold/>, which is generated by environmental temperature change and generates condensation, by calculationControlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/>And/>Is a smaller value of (a).
If the working condition and the state change of the product and the change of the external natural environment temperature in a short time are considered at the same time, the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment is controlled not to exceed、/>And/>Is the minimum value of (a).
Further, the invention also comprises a step (5), specifically: obtaining corrosion critical relative humidity U 'corrosion of metal material used in the product, and generating condensation humidity threshold value in U' corrosion and the productThe minimum value is selected as the condition for controlling the humidity U' A of the micro environment in service of the product, so that the corrosion problem is avoided, and the durability of the product is improved. If the product is required to be switched from the specific working condition A to the specific working condition B and/or the average temperature T of the external natural environment is changed into/>, in a short timeIn U '' - corrosion,/>/>And/or/>And selecting the lowest value as a condition for controlling the humidity U 'A of the product service microenvironment, so that U' A does not exceed the lowest value.
Further, the method also comprises a step (6) of controlling the particle size of the salt fog by controlling the humidity U' A of the micro environment in service of the product, so that the salt fog in the air can be effectively filtered by a filter on a fresh air inlet or an air flow channel; or calculating the radius of the salt fog according to the humidity U' A of the micro environment in service of the product, so as to select a salt fog filter with proper aperture.
In the step (6), the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment is taken as the humiditySubstituted humidity/>In the relation with the salt spray radius r, calculating to obtain the corresponding salt spray radius r, so as to select a salt spray filter with proper aperture, or adjusting U' A according to the result of the salt spray radius r, thereby regulating and controlling the salt spray particle size;
The humidity is as follows The relation with the radius r of the salt fog isWhere u is an empirical parameter related to the moisture absorption of the salt spray particles and r d is the dry salt core particle radius. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, the correlation and interaction effects among the temperature, the humidity and the salt fog are utilized to cooperatively control the temperature, the humidity and the salt fog of the micro environment in service of the electronic product, so that the environmental adaptability problems of overheating, condensation, corrosion and the like of the product are effectively avoided, the reliability and the durability of the product are improved, and the efficient and economic environmental prevention and control are realized.
According to the invention, the economical and efficient control of the service environment of the product can be realized by regulating and controlling the temperature, the humidity and the salt fog, and the high-efficiency filtration of the salt fog filter can be guided aiming at the regulation and control of the particle size of the salt fog, so that the corrosion caused by the salt fog is reduced;
Through the regulation and control of temperature, humidity and salt fog related parameters, the method can guide the blocking of the risk of the environmental condensation, reduce corrosion and accidents caused by the condensation and the like.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only for illustration of the invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples. The object of the present invention can be achieved by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure of the present invention and the ranges taken by the parameters.
The invention realizes the salt fog, humidity and temperature cooperative regulation and control method of the service environment of the electrical product through the following steps:
(1) Acquiring an external natural environment average temperature T, and considering that the external natural environment average temperature T cannot change in a short time, so that a proper product operation temperature range T' 1~T'2 during operation under a specific working condition A is acquired based on the external natural environment average temperature T; the T' 1~T'2 temperature range may be obtained by querying the product specifications or may be tested by methods conventional in the art.
(2) Monitoring the product service micro-environment temperature T '' when the product runs under a specific working condition A, and regulating and controlling the product service micro-environment temperature T '' in a heating or cooling mode to control the product running temperature T 'within a range of T' 1~T'2 so as to avoid the problems of product damage, power reduction running and the like caused by overheating; thus, a suitable product service micro-environment temperature range T '' 1~T''2 is obtained;
The cooling mode for regulating the service micro-environment temperature T '' of the product can be air cooling or liquid cooling, the cooling mode of air cooling can be a fan, an air conditioner, a fresh air system and the like, and the cooling mode of liquid cooling can be a cooling tower, semiconductor cooling, heat pipe cooling, immersed cooling and the like. Heating means such as resistance heating, electromagnetic wave heating, heat exchange heating, etc.
Specifically, when the product running temperature T ' is too high, air cooling, liquid cooling and other modes are required to be adopted to reduce the micro-environment temperature t″ so as to reach the proper product running temperature range T ' 1~T'2, and when the external natural environment average temperature T is too low and the product cannot be started, the micro-environment temperature t″ is required to be regulated by adopting a heating mode so as to reach the proper product running temperature range T ' 1~T'2.
(3) Firstly, determining the salt fog concentration, the salt fog volume and the salt fog radius in the product service microenvironment by a conventional method in the field, wherein the salt fog concentration, the salt fog volume and the salt fog radius can be determined by adopting a method described in Chinese bulletin patent CN110044830B or CN112763384B for test, and if the product service microenvironment is communicated with the external environment, the salt fog concentration, the salt fog volume and the salt fog radius can be predicted by adopting a method described in Chinese bulletin patent CN116539491B or CN 112735538B;
Then substituting temperature values in the range of T' 1~T''2 as ambient temperature T into the following relational expression of the salt spray deposition amount and temperature to calculate so as to obtain salt spray deposition amounts corresponding to the temperature values;
，
Wherein S salt is the deposition amount of salt fog, the unit is mg/m 2,Csalt is the salt fog concentration, the unit is mg/m 3,
G is the gravity acceleration, the unit is m/s 2,The air density is expressed as kg/m 3,
Eta is the ambient aerodynamic viscosity in Pa.s,
，
V is the volume of salt fog, r is the radius of salt fog, the unit is m, t is the ambient temperature, and the unit is Kelvin (K);
And finally, determining a corresponding temperature value according to the calculated minimum salt fog deposition amount, wherein the temperature value is the optimal product service microenvironment temperature, and taking the optimal product service microenvironment temperature as a microenvironment control temperature T' A.
(4) Firstly, controlling the service micro-environment temperature T ' A of a product to be T ' A, and monitoring to obtain the product running temperature T ' A of the product under the condition;
Then, the dew point temperature formula is corrected to obtain a dew point temperature formula after the following correction:
，
Wherein t d is the dew point temperature in degrees Kelvin (K); t is the ambient temperature in degrees Kelvin (K); Is ambient relative humidity,% RH; d X is the influence coefficient of the deposited salt on the dew point, i.e. the deliquescence relative humidity of the deposited salt; d C is the coefficient of influence of capillary condensation on the dew point, i.e., capillary condensation relative humidity.
Above-mentionedWherein E r is the vapor pressure of the meniscus in Pa; e is the vapor pressure of the horizontal liquid level in Pa; Surface tension of the body in units of newtons per meter (N/m); v m is the liquid molar volume in cubic meters per mole (m 3/mol); r is Kelvin radius and capillary condensation critical radius, and the unit is meter (m); r is a gas constant, 8.314J/(K.mol); t is the ambient temperature in degrees Kelvin (K).
D C has a small influence on the dew point temperature, usually < 5%, can be ignored in correction calculation, and is brought into the algorithm if no other influence factors or capillary condensation are the main influence factors.
D X can be obtained by looking up a common saturated salt solution equilibrium relative humidity table, which is mainly dependent on the kind of salt and the temperature; the correspondence of deliquescent relative humidity and temperature for the different salts is shown in table 1.
Table 1 equilibrium relative humidity values for common saturated salt solutions
D X can also be calculated by approximation formula. The approximate formula is to determine the deliquescence humidity of the salt according to the kind of the deposited salt, and the deliquescence humidity of the deposited salt can be expressed by the following formula:
Wherein t is the ambient temperature in degrees Kelvin (K); here, α, β are constants, α= -3.270 ×10 -4, β= 0.7605 when the main component of the deposited salt is sodium chloride (NaCl); when the main component of the deposited salt is magnesium chloride (MgCl 2), α= -1.007×10 -3, β= 0.3506.
Finally substituting the microenvironment control temperature T ' ' A as T d and the product running temperature T ' A as T into the corrected dew point temperature formula to calculate to obtain a humidity threshold for generating condensationThen controlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/>. When D C and D X are needed to be calculated, the ambient temperature T in the formulas D C and D X also takes the product operating temperature T' A.
Further, considering the problem of condensation caused by the change of the working condition state of the product, substituting the micro-environment control temperature T ' ' A as T d and the product running temperature T ' B after being switched to the specific working condition B as T into a dew point temperature formula for calculation, and obtaining the humidity threshold value of the condensation caused by the change of the working conditionControlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/>And/>Is smaller of (a); the method for obtaining the product running temperature T ' B is the same as the product running temperature T ' A, namely, firstly, the product service micro-environment control temperature T ' ' B under the specific working condition B running is obtained through the steps (1) - (3), and then the product running temperature T ' B under the condition T ' ' B is obtained through monitoring; when D C and D X are to be calculated, the ambient temperature T in the formulas D C and D X also takes the product operating temperature T' B.
Further, consider that the average temperature T of the external natural environment changes toThe condensation problem caused by the method is that the micro-environment control temperature T' A is taken as T d, and the changed environment temperature/>Substituting t into a dew point temperature formula to calculate so as to obtain a humidity threshold/>, wherein the humidity threshold/>, which is generated by the change of the ambient temperature, of condensationControlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/>And/>Is smaller of (a); when D C and D X are required to be calculated, the environmental temperature t in the formulas D C and D X is also used for taking the product running temperature/>。
If the working condition and the state change of the product and the change of the external natural environment temperature in a short time are considered at the same time, the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment is controlled not to exceed、/>And/>Is the minimum value of (a).
In the actual product operation process, specifically selecting the lowest value in the humidity threshold as the condition for controlling the humidity U' A of the micro environment in service of the product; the humidity of the microenvironment in service of the product is controlled, if the air in the microenvironment is exchanged with the natural environment, the humidity of the fresh air entering the product can be regulated and controlled by adopting a rotating wheel dehumidification mode, if the microenvironment which is relatively airtight can be regulated and controlled by adopting a condensation dehumidification mode, and for smaller areas with condensation risk, the humidity of the product can be regulated and controlled by adopting a semiconductor dehumidification or desiccant.
(5) Determining the corrosion critical relative humidity U' corrosion of the metal material according to the type, surface state (roughness) and the like of the metal material used by the product; the corrosion critical relative humidity U' corrosion of the metal material can be found in the literature, and can also be obtained by routine tests, wherein the corrosion critical relative humidity is usually 75% for steel materials and is usually 60% for electrical materials such as copper;
Then at U '' corrosion and the humidity threshold of the product condensation The lowest value is selected as a condition for controlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment;
if the product is required to be switched from the specific working condition A to the specific working condition B and the average temperature T of the external natural environment is changed into At U″ corrosion and the respective humidity threshold/>、/>、/>And selecting the lowest value as a condition for controlling the humidity U 'A of the product service microenvironment, so that U' A does not exceed the lowest value.
(6) Regulating and controlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment in the range obtained in the step (5), so as to control the salt fog particle size in the product service microenvironment, and effectively filtering the salt fog in the air by a filter on a fresh air inlet or an air flow channel; or, calculating the radius of salt fog in the product service microenvironment according to the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment, so as to select a salt fog filter with a proper aperture;
The method specifically comprises the following steps: the following humidity is adopted And the relation formula of the salt fog radius r: U is an empirical parameter related to the moisture absorption of salt spray particles, r d is the radius of the dry salt core particles, and for simplicity of calculation, u=3.8, r d = 5×10-5 cm is usually taken;
taking the product service micro-environment humidity U' A as humidity Substituted into the above humidity/>In the relation with the salt spray radius r, the corresponding salt spray radius r is calculated, so that a salt spray filter with a proper aperture is selected, or U' A is regulated according to the result of the salt spray radius r, so that the salt spray particle size is regulated, the salt spray is reduced and settled, or the salt spray is easy to filter by the filter;
The selection of the salt spray filter can be carried out according to the calculated size of the salt spray radius r, wherein r is more than or equal to 2.5 mu m, the I and II type coarse filter is selected, such as 2.5 mu m is more than or equal to 0.5 mu m, the III and IV type medium-efficiency filter and the high-efficiency filter are selected, such as 0.5 mu m is more than or equal to 0.25 mu m, the V type sub-high-efficiency filter is selected, such as r is less than 0.25 mu m, and the VI type high-efficiency filter is selected.
The present invention may be summarized in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The above-described embodiments of the present invention are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the essential technology of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A salt fog, humidity and temperature cooperative regulation and control method for an electrical product service environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Acquiring the average temperature T of the external natural environment, and acquiring the operating temperature range T' 1~T'2 of a proper product under the temperature T and the specific working condition A;
(2) Monitoring the product service micro-environment temperature T '' when the product runs under a specific working condition A, and regulating and controlling the product service micro-environment temperature T '' in a heating or cooling mode to control the product running temperature T 'within a range of T' 1~T'2, so as to obtain a proper product service micro-environment temperature range T '' 1~T''2;
(3) According to the relation between the salt spray deposition amount and the temperature, determining the optimal product service micro-environment temperature within the range of T '1~T''2 obtained in the step (2), and controlling the temperature T' A as the product service micro-environment under the specific working condition A so as to obtain the minimum salt spray deposition amount, and ensuring that the salt spray stays in the environment or is taken away along with the air flow without being deposited on the surface of the product;
(4) Correcting a dew point temperature formula, substituting the corrected dew point temperature formula with a product service microenvironment control temperature T ' A and a product running temperature T ' A under T ' A, and calculating to obtain a humidity threshold of condensation generated by the product And controlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/>。
2. The method for collaborative regulation and control of salt spray, humidity and temperature in an electrical product service environment according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the relation between the deposition amount of salt spray and the temperature is:
，
Wherein S salt is the deposition amount of salt fog, the unit is mg/m 2,Csalt is the salt fog concentration, the unit is mg/m 3,
G is the gravity acceleration, the unit is m/s 2,The air density is expressed as kg/m 3,
Eta is the ambient aerodynamic viscosity in Pa.s,
，
V is the salt fog volume, r is the salt fog radius, the unit is m, t is the ambient temperature, and the unit is Kelvin.
3. The method for collaborative regulation and control of salt fog, humidity and temperature in an electrical product service environment according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), firstly, the salt fog concentration, the salt fog volume and the salt fog radius in the product service microenvironment are determined, and then the temperature value in the range of T' 1~T''2 is substituted as the ambient temperature T into the relational expression of the salt fog deposition amount and the temperature, so as to calculate the corresponding salt fog deposition amount; and then determining the optimal product service microenvironment temperature according to the minimum salt spray deposition amount to obtain the product service microenvironment control temperature T' A.
4. The method for collaborative regulation and control of salt spray, humidity and temperature in an electrical product service environment according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the influence coefficient D X of the deposited salt on the dew point and the influence coefficient D C of capillary condensation on the dew point are introduced into a dew point temperature formula;
the corrected dew point temperature formula is: ；
Wherein t d is the dew point temperature in degrees Kelvin; t is the ambient temperature in degrees Kelvin; Is ambient relative humidity,% RH; d X is the influence coefficient of the deposited salt on the dew point, i.e. the deliquescence relative humidity of the deposited salt; d C is the coefficient of influence of capillary condensation on the dew point, i.e., capillary condensation relative humidity.
5. The method for collaborative regulation and control of salt spray, humidity and temperature in an electrical product service environment according to claim 4, wherein in step (4), specifically, the product service microenvironment control temperature T″ A is taken as T d, and the product running temperature T' A is taken as T to be substituted into a modified dew point temperature formula for calculation, so as to obtain a humidity threshold of condensation generated by the productThen controlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/> 。
6. The method for collaborative regulation and control of salt spray, humidity and temperature in an electrical product service environment according to claim 5, wherein if the product is switched from a specific working condition A to a specific working condition B and the product operating temperature is changed from T 'A to T' B immediately, the temperature of the product service microenvironment control temperature T″ A is taken as T d, and the product operating temperature after being switched to the specific working condition B is taken as T B and is substituted into a dew point temperature formula for calculation, and the humidity threshold value for generating condensation due to working condition change is calculatedControlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/>And/>Is a smaller value of (a).
7. The method for collaborative regulation and control of salt spray, humidity and temperature in an electrical product service environment according to claim 6, wherein if the average temperature T of the external natural environment changes within a short time toTaking the product service microenvironment control temperature T' A as the temperatureAnd the changed ambient temperature/>Substituting t into a dew point temperature formula to calculate, and obtaining humidity threshold/>, which is generated by environmental temperature change and generates condensation, by calculationControlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment to be less than or equal to/>And/>Is a smaller value of (a).
8. The method for cooperatively controlling salt fog, humidity and temperature in the service environment of an electrical product according to claim 5, 6 or 7, further comprising the step (5), specifically: obtaining corrosion critical relative humidity U 'corrosion of metal material used in the product, and generating condensation humidity threshold value in U' corrosion and the productThe lowest value is selected as the condition for controlling the humidity U' A of the product service microenvironment so as to avoid corrosion;
If the product is required to be switched from the specific working condition A to the specific working condition B and/or the average temperature T of the external natural environment is changed into In U '' - corrosion,/>/>And/or/>And selecting the lowest value as a condition for controlling the humidity U 'A of the product service microenvironment, so that U' A does not exceed the lowest value.
9. The method for cooperatively controlling salt mist, humidity and temperature in the service environment of an electrical product according to claim 8, further comprising the step of (6) controlling the particle size of the salt mist by controlling the humidity U '' A of the service microenvironment of the product, so that the salt mist in the air can be effectively filtered by a filter on a fresh air inlet or an air flow channel; or calculating the radius of the salt fog according to the humidity U' A of the micro environment in service of the product, so as to select a salt fog filter with proper aperture.
10. The method for collaborative regulation and control of salt spray, humidity and temperature in an electrical product service environment according to claim 9, wherein in step (6), the product service micro-environment humidity u″ A is used as humiditySubstituted humidity/>In the relation with the salt spray radius r, calculating to obtain the corresponding salt spray radius r, so as to select a salt spray filter with proper aperture, or adjusting U' A according to the result of the salt spray radius r, thereby regulating and controlling the salt spray particle size;
The humidity is as follows The relation with the radius r of the salt fog is/>Where u is an empirical parameter related to the moisture absorption of the salt spray particles and r d is the dry salt core particle radius.
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