CN1181516A - 反射式光阀的自补偿扭曲向列模式 - Google Patents

反射式光阀的自补偿扭曲向列模式 Download PDF

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CN1181516A
CN1181516A CN97111429A CN97111429A CN1181516A CN 1181516 A CN1181516 A CN 1181516A CN 97111429 A CN97111429 A CN 97111429A CN 97111429 A CN97111429 A CN 97111429A CN 1181516 A CN1181516 A CN 1181516A
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杨界雄
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Abstract

本发明的反射式光阀的自补偿扭曲向列性(SCTN)模式,其光效率高,接近100%,其饱和电压约低于3伏,且其液晶盒间隙不均匀性的容差比现有技术的较大。这种SCTN模式特别适且于由Si圆片上制成的有源矩阵驱动的反射式光阀。

Description

反射式光阀的自补偿扭曲向列模式
本发明涉及反射式光阀的自动补偿扭曲型向列液晶(LC)盒，更具体地说，涉及一种配置在投影显示器的偏振分束器后面的场控向列液晶反射式显示器。
迄今，向列液晶器件通常是用在投影显示器的反射式光阀中的，因而要求入射光束是线性偏振或随机偏振的。本发明只涉及入射光是线性偏振的情况。反射式光阀通常要求使用的入射光为线性偏振的液晶模式有排列倾斜而均匀、排列相变形(DAP)(M.P.Shiekel和K.Fahrenschon的文章，1971年第19卷第391期的《应用物理通讯》；F.J.Kahn的文章，1972年第20卷第199期的《应用物理通讯》；R.A.Soref和M.J.Rafuse的文章，1972年第43卷第2029期的《应用物理通讯》)的电控双折射(ECB)模式，有混合场效应(HFE)结构模式(W.P.Bleha，J.Grinberg，A.D.Jacobson和G.D.Myer等人的文章，1977年的《SID77文摘》第104页)，63.6°扭曲型模式(T.Sonehara和O.Okumura的文章，1989年的《日本显示界89》第192页)，混合排列向列(HAN)(J.Glueck，E.Lueder，T.Kallfass和H.U.Lauer的文章，1992年的《SID92文摘》第277页)模式和混合TN(MTN)模式(Shin-Tson Wu和Chiung-Sheng Wu的文章，1996年的《应用物理通讯》第68卷第11期)。反射式光阀的这些液晶模式其工作原理如图1A中所示。入射光束6通过起偏分束器(PBS)7后变成线性偏振光8(称为P波)，照射到向列液晶盒100上。液晶盒100包括前衬底1、后衬底2、介于前后衬底之间的向列液晶介质5，和分别在衬底1和2上的LC排列方向3和4。电极有两个(图1A中未示出)，一个电极透明，设在前衬底1面向液晶介质5的后面，另一个电极为反射金属电极(图1A中未示出)，设在后衬底2面向液晶介质的前面。图1B中所示的向列液晶盒100设计得使入射的偏振光束8在加到液晶盒100的两个电极上的电压等于或低于叫做阈值电压的某电压值而从液晶盒100反射出来时变成S波9(或近似S波)。这个S波是偏振方向垂直于P波偏振方向的线性偏振光。S波9由PSB7垂直反射成S波10，再由投射透镜(图1A中未示出)收集到屏幕上供人观赏。这个情况相当于光阀的明亮状态。外电压加到液晶盒100的两电极两端从而等于或高于叫做饱和电压的某电压值时，液晶盒100的表现近乎光学上各向同性的介质。在此情况下，照射着的线性偏振光8会从反射式液晶盒100反射回来，保持同样的偏振方向，在此情况下为P波。反射的P波通过PBS7之后会朝后沿入射光束6相反的方向传播。反射的P波其强度微不足道，由PBS7垂直反射成S波10，这相当于光阀的暗淡状态。所加的电压电平介于阈值电压与饱和电压之间时，居间的灰度电平起作用，使显示器的灰度级达1024级之多。
现有技术反射式光阀要求入射光偏振的向列液晶模式如图2的示意图所示，它主要由前衬底21、后衬底22、向列液晶介质25、毗邻前衬底21的液晶导向器23和毗邻后衬底22的液晶导向器24组成。图2中还示出了X，Y，Z坐标系，以便与图1A中所示的X，Y，Z坐标系联系起来。有两个参数α1和φ1用来说明液晶导向器23的取向。α1为液晶导向器23与前衬底21的平面形成的倾斜角，φ1为液晶导向器23伸到前衬底21与X轴线形成的方位角。此外还有两个参数α2和φ2用来说明液晶导向器24的取向。α2为液晶导向器24从后衬底22的平面倾斜形成的倾斜角，φ2为液晶导向器24伸到后衬底22与X轴线形成的方位角。选取介电各向异性为正或负、整套参数为α1，φ1，α2和φ2的向列混合料，我们可以说明或表示现有技术液晶的六种组合方式。结果列于表I中以供比较。
                    表  I
            φ1    φ2  α1  α2  Δε●均匀ECB        45°        45°     ＜20°   ＜20°       +●HFE            0°         45°      ＜20°   ＜20°      +●63.5°模式     0°         63.6°   ＜20°   ＜20°      +●DAP            45°        45°     ＜80°   ＜80°      -●HAN            45°        45°     ＜20°   ＜80°      -●MTN           -20°        70°     ＜20°   ＜20°      -●SCTN          -30°        30°     ＜20°   ＜20°      -Δε为LC混合物的电介质各向异性
入射光透当经过最佳化使其接近单色时，一般说来，若光阀的窗口上敷上一层消反射膜，则ECB模式，HAN模式和63.6°扭曲模式的光效率都一样高，接近100％。这里我们给光效率下的定义是，光阀中氧化铟锡和金属电极及液晶排列层引起的损耗忽略不计时，入射的p波转换成反射s波的转化率。然而，表I中的所有组合方式，除排列倾斜而均匀的ECB模式例外，都要求较高的工作电压，通常高于6伏。排列倾斜而均匀的ECB模式可在较低的电压下工作，但液晶盒间隙均匀性的要求严格。MTN模式与反射式光阀的其它组合方式相比，饱和电压约为4伏，光效率0.88，较低。表II总结比较了表I的各组合方式中在dΔn/λ、光效率、饱和电压和容差(Δd/d)等方面的情况，其中d和Δd分别为平均液晶盒间隙及其与d的偏差。
                 表  IIdΔn/λ(μm)      光效率    饱和电压    Ad/d●均匀ECB               ＞2.5V  ≤±3％●HFE        
Figure A9711142900063
     
Figure A9711142900064
     ＞6V    ≤±7％●63.6°模式 
Figure A9711142900065
        ＞6V    ≤±7％●DAP         ＞0.3        
Figure A9711142900067
    ＞6V    ≤±10％●HAN         ＞0.5        
Figure A9711142900068
    ＞6V    ≤±3％●MTN        
Figure A9711142900069
           ＞4V    ≤±10％●SCTN       
Figure A97111429000611
     
Figure A97111429000612
    ＞2.5V  ≤±7％
选择反射式光阀最适宜的液晶模式有三个重要的准则。第一个准则是光效率要高。第二个准则是液晶盒间隙非均匀性的容差要大，以便提高生产率。第三个准则是饱和电压要低，这在Si圆片上采用有源矩阵来驱动反射式光阀时尤其重要。饱和电压越低，Si圆片固定面积的显示清晰度就越高。采用饱和电压较低的液晶模式不仅降低生产在本，而且耗电量小。从表II可以看出，采用排列倾斜而均匀的ECB模式可以达到饱和电压低的要求，但这种模式在液晶盒时隙均匀性方面的要求过于严格。MTN模式的饱和电压较低而不是最低，液晶盒非均匀性的容差大，但光效率差，只有0.88。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有工作电压低、光效率高、液晶盒间隙非均匀性容差较大等优点、特别适用于以Si圆片为基片、由有源矩阵驱动的反射式光阀的自补偿扭曲向列(SCTN)模式。
本发明的最大目的是提供反射式光阀的一种自补偿扭曲向列(SCTN)模式。这种新型模式的好处是，光效率几乎达100％，饱和电压约在3伏以下，液晶盒间隙非均匀性的容差较大。饱和电压低对Si圆片为基片。由有源矩阵驱动的反射式光阀达到高清晰度低造价的目的特别有用。
图1A示出应用入射光要求线性偏振的反射式光阀的向列液晶盒的工作原理。图1B示出本发明自补偿扭转向列结构模式的原理图。
图2示出了现有技术向列型液晶盒的原理图。
图3示出对本发明的结构模式的光效率作为dΔn/λ的函数进行计算的计算结果。
图4中的实线为本发明结构模式的光效率与所加电压的关系曲线。图4中的虚线为现有技术的正60°扭曲模式的相应关系曲线。
图5示出了本发明用E.Merck出口的ZLI3449-100作为液晶混合料进行实验得出的光效率与所加电压的关系曲线。带圈、菱形和三角形的曲线分别表示红、绿、蓝入射光的曲线。
图6示意示出了本发明的入射光束相对于排列方向选用的偏振方向。
图1B示出了本发明自补偿扭曲向列(SCTN)模式的结构，其中采用了扭曲角60至65°的扭曲向列液晶盒100。在此结构中，SCTN液晶盒的扭曲角沿入射光8的偏振方向二等分。就是说，入射光束8的偏振方向与液晶在前衬底的排列方向两者之间的夹角为30度，这大致等于入射光束8的偏振方向与液晶在后衬底的排列方向两者之间的夹角。在本发明的其余部分，我们取图1B所示的SCTN液晶盒的总扭曲角为例如60度。用琼斯(Jones)矩阵法，我们可以计算出作为SCTN模式的dΔn/λ的函数的光效率，其中d、Δn和入分别为液晶盒间隙、液晶介质的双折射和入射光的波长。计算结果如图3所示，其中光效率在dΔn/λ＝0.61时接近100％。我们用这个参数来模拟分析图1A所示结构的光效率与所加电压的关系曲线。在图1A所示的结构中采用了偏振分束器，光阀的前窗口敷上了理想的消反射膜。图6示意示出了入射光束8相对于两液晶排列方向3和4的偏振方向36。夹角30约在50度至70度的范围。夹角32约等于夹角34，因而入射光束的偏振方向36基本上二等分夹角30。模拟分析结果如图4所示，其中实线曲线为SCTN模式的结果，虚线曲线为入射偏振方向平行或垂直于60°扭曲液晶盒的入射液晶导向器的正60°扭曲情况相应的结果。为进行模拟分析，我们采用了E.Merck出品的MLC6012的材料参数。从图4我们看到，SCTN模式在3伏时的反差比超过270∶1。相比之下，正60°扭曲结构模式在4.5伏下的反差比仅为50∶1。在SCTN模式中，3伏下的反射率之所以低是因为入射光的偏振方向二等分两毗邻前后衬底的边界液晶导向器之间形成的夹角从而使这两个边界液晶层相互补偿所致。在正60°扭曲的情况，由于这两个边界液晶层之间没有产生相互补偿作用，因而3伏下的反射率仍然高。
我们已取得应用本发明的SCTN模式的实验结果。我们采用E.Merck出品的ZLI3449-100作为液晶混合物。采用图1A所示的方案测定出的红、绿、蓝光波长的光效率与所加电压的关系曲线在图5中分别以带圈、菱形和三角形的曲线表示。进行这些测定时，我们没有在SCTN液晶盒的窗口敷上消反射层，因而最高的光效率仅约92％。实验结果表明，所加的电压为3.6伏时可以达到高的反差比。在正60°扭曲模式下，只有在所加的电压高于8伏时才能达到高反差比。采用象MLC6012之类介质各向异性较大、电荷滞留量高的液晶混合料可以使SCTN模式的饱和电压低于3伏。

Claims (8)

1.一种构件，由一个扭曲向列液晶盒和一个入射光束供应装置组成，扭曲向列液晶盒的总扭曲角在50度至75度的范围，dΔn/λ在0.4至0.8的范围，入射光束供应装置供应的入射光束其偏振方向基本上二等分所述总扭曲角或垂直于所述总扭曲角的二等分线。
2.如权利要求1所述的构件，其特征在于，所述扭曲向列型液晶盒具有至少一个透明电极和最多一个反射电极。
3.如权利要求1所述的构件，其特征在于，所述扭曲向列液晶盒采用液晶混合料配置在两个负介质各向异性彼此以小于大约25度的角度倾斜相对配置且均匀排列的衬底之间。
4.如权利要求3所述的构件，其特征在于，所述液晶混合料含手性附加剂从而使所述液晶盒的扭曲角大约小于80度。
5.如权利要求1所述的构件，其特征在于，它还包括一个电压施加装置，用以往所述向列液晶盒加电压。
6.如权利要求2所述的构件，其特征在于，所述反射电极是个金属电极。
7.如权利要求1所述的构件，其特征在于，所述向列液晶盒含有液晶混合料配置在两个负电介质各向异性彼此以大于大约75度的角度倾斜相对配置且均匀排列的衬底之间。
8.如权利要求5所述的构件，其特征在于，所述液晶混合料含浓度小的手性附加剂从而在所述电压超过阈值电压时使所述液晶盒的扭曲角约小于80度，在所述电压低于所述阈值电压时使扭曲角几乎为零。
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