CN118150380B - Device and method for dynamically measuring fretting fatigue friction coefficient - Google Patents
Device and method for dynamically measuring fretting fatigue friction coefficient Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种动态测量微动疲劳摩擦系数的装置及方法，涉及精密测试技术领域。该装置包括：轴向力加载组件；法向加载组件，该组件包括两个相对设置的直线驱动电机，直线驱动电机的输出端连接有第一加载杆，第一加载杆远离直线驱动电机的一端设有第一力传感器，第一力传感器铰接有第二加载杆，第二加载杆远离第一力传感器的一端通过夹具可拆卸的设置有微动垫，第二加载杆下部设有安装块，安装块和第二加载杆之间设有第二力传感器。本装置可定量测试试验过程中试件的疲劳参数、摩擦系数，能够定量的测量极端环境下试样的微动疲劳性能与寿命，具有广泛的应用范围。
The present invention discloses a device and method for dynamically measuring micro-motion fatigue friction coefficient, and relates to the field of precision testing technology. The device includes: an axial force loading component; a normal loading component, which includes two linear drive motors arranged opposite to each other, the output end of the linear drive motor is connected to a first loading rod, the end of the first loading rod away from the linear drive motor is provided with a first force sensor, the first force sensor is hinged to a second loading rod, the end of the second loading rod away from the first force sensor is detachably provided with a micro-motion pad through a clamp, a mounting block is provided at the lower part of the second loading rod, and a second force sensor is provided between the mounting block and the second loading rod. The device can quantitatively test the fatigue parameters and friction coefficient of the test piece during the test, and can quantitatively measure the micro-motion fatigue performance and life of the test piece under extreme environments, and has a wide range of applications.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及精密测试技术领域，具体为一种动态测量微动疲劳摩擦系数的装置及方法。The invention relates to the field of precision testing technology, and in particular to a device and method for dynamically measuring fretting fatigue friction coefficient.
背景技术Background technique
航空发动机是飞机的动力来源，被誉为飞机的“心脏”。涡轮叶片作为航空发动机的核心转子部件，其叶片盘和叶片一般是通过榫头-榫槽结构进行连接，叶片高速旋转产生离心力与轴向气动力，榫头与榫槽接触界面间会产生微米量级的相对滑动，同时承受时变的多轴应力，属于典型的微动疲劳损伤问题。The aircraft engine is the power source of the aircraft and is known as the "heart" of the aircraft. The turbine blade is the core rotor component of the aircraft engine. Its blade disk and blade are generally connected by a tenon-mortise structure. The high-speed rotation of the blade generates centrifugal force and axial aerodynamic force. The tenon and the tenon contact interface will produce micron-level relative sliding, and at the same time, it will be subjected to time-varying multi-axial stress, which is a typical fretting fatigue damage problem.
目前腐蚀、磨损或疲劳耦合的试验装置包括：专利号为CN108931426A提供了一种微动疲劳加载装置及微动疲劳试验装置，通过第一加载块带动第一加载杆转动，第一加载杆的另一端抵顶滑板实现法向力恒定加载。只能评定狗骨头试样不同温度环境下的微动疲劳性能，不能同时实现摩擦力的测量。专利号为CN 112504819B提供了一种钢丝腐蚀磨损耦合疲劳试验装置，通过疲劳试验机、侧向力加载模块与电解加速模块耦合，实现了电化学腐蚀、疲劳、磨损的同步作用，但该专利不能实现摩擦力的测量。At present, the test devices for coupling corrosion, wear or fatigue include: Patent No. CN108931426A provides a micro-motion fatigue loading device and micro-motion fatigue test device, which drives the first loading rod to rotate through the first loading block, and the other end of the first loading rod abuts the slide plate to realize constant normal force loading. It can only evaluate the micro-motion fatigue performance of dog bone specimens under different temperature environments, and cannot simultaneously realize the measurement of friction. Patent No. CN 112504819B provides a steel wire corrosion and wear coupling fatigue test device, which realizes the synchronous action of electrochemical corrosion, fatigue and wear through the coupling of fatigue testing machine, lateral force loading module and electrolytic acceleration module, but this patent cannot realize the measurement of friction.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为解决至少一个上述问题，本发明提出了一种动态测量微动疲劳摩擦系数的装置及方法。In order to solve at least one of the above problems, the present invention proposes a device and method for dynamically measuring the fretting fatigue friction coefficient.
本发明的技术方案为：一种动态测量微动疲劳摩擦系数的装置，包括，The technical solution of the present invention is: a device for dynamically measuring the micro-motion fatigue friction coefficient, comprising:
用于提供轴向力的轴向力加载组件，包括两个相对设置的应力加载电机，所述应力加载电机的输出端连接有夹持部；An axial force loading assembly for providing an axial force comprises two stress loading motors arranged opposite to each other, wherein the output ends of the stress loading motors are connected to a clamping portion;
用于提供法向力的法向加载组件，包括两个相对设置的直线驱动电机，所述直线驱动电机的输出端连接有第一加载杆，所述第一加载杆远离所述直线驱动电机的一端设有第一力传感器，所述第一力传感器铰接有第二加载杆，所述第二加载杆远离所述第一力传感器的一端通过夹具可拆卸的设置有微动垫，所述第二加载杆下部设有安装块，所述安装块和所述第二加载杆之间设有第二力传感器，所述第二力传感器用于检测所述第二加载杆对所述安装块施加的力；A normal loading assembly for providing a normal force, comprising two linear drive motors arranged opposite to each other, wherein the output end of the linear drive motor is connected to a first loading rod, an end of the first loading rod away from the linear drive motor is provided with a first force sensor, the first force sensor is hinged to a second loading rod, an end of the second loading rod away from the first force sensor is detachably provided with a micro-motion pad through a clamp, a mounting block is provided at the lower part of the second loading rod, a second force sensor is provided between the mounting block and the second loading rod, and the second force sensor is used to detect the force applied by the second loading rod to the mounting block;
两个所述夹持部和两个所述微动垫之间设有试件。A test piece is arranged between the two clamping parts and the two micro-motion pads.
本发明的一种实施方式在于，还包括支撑组件，所述支撑组件包括底板，所述底板上设有若干立柱，所述立柱远离所述底板的一端设有顶板，两个所述的应力加载电机分别设于所述底板和顶板上。One embodiment of the present invention is that it also includes a supporting assembly, which includes a base plate, a plurality of columns are provided on the base plate, a top plate is provided at one end of the columns away from the base plate, and the two stress loading motors are respectively provided on the base plate and the top plate.
本发明的一种实施方式在于，所述第一力传感器和所述直线驱动电机之间还设有限位板，所述限位板上设有限位孔，所述第一加载杆穿过所述限位孔并被所述限位孔限位。An implementation manner of the present invention is that a limiting plate is further provided between the first force sensor and the linear drive motor, the limiting plate is provided with a limiting hole, the first loading rod passes through the limiting hole and is limited by the limiting hole.
本发明的一种实施方式在于，所述应力加载电机的输出端设有第三加载杆，所述第三加载杆远离所述应力加载电机的一端设有夹持部。An implementation manner of the present invention is that a third loading rod is provided at the output end of the stress loading motor, and a clamping portion is provided at one end of the third loading rod away from the stress loading motor.
本发明的一种实施方式在于，还包括加热炉，所述试件设于所述加热炉内部，所述加热炉顶部和底部设有用于夹持部通过的通孔，所述加热炉左右两侧设有用于第二加载杆通过的通孔。One embodiment of the present invention is that it also includes a heating furnace, the test piece is arranged inside the heating furnace, the top and bottom of the heating furnace are provided with through holes for the clamping part to pass through, and the left and right sides of the heating furnace are provided with through holes for the second loading rod to pass through.
进一步的，还设有盐雾腐蚀加载组件，所述盐雾腐蚀加载组件包括设于所述加热炉内的雾化喷头，所述雾化喷头并联连接有雾化器和气源，所述雾化器远离所述雾化喷头的一端依次连接有水泵和盐溶液储存箱。Furthermore, a salt spray corrosion loading component is provided, which includes an atomizing nozzle arranged in the heating furnace, the atomizing nozzle is connected in parallel with an atomizer and an air source, and the end of the atomizer away from the atomizing nozzle is connected in sequence with a water pump and a salt solution storage tank.
进一步的，所述加热炉为可拆卸设置。Furthermore, the heating furnace is detachable.
本发明的另一个目的是提出一种动态测量微动疲劳摩擦系数的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for dynamically measuring the fretting fatigue friction coefficient, the method comprising the following steps:
S1、通过两个夹持部将试件夹持固定，通过直线驱动电机使得两个微动垫紧贴所述试件的侧壁，组装好设备；S1. Fix the specimen by two clamping parts, and make two micro-motion pads close to the side wall of the specimen by a linear drive motor, and assemble the equipment;
S2、通过两个直线驱动电机对所述试件施加法向力直至达到预定值；S2, applying a normal force to the test piece through two linear drive motors until a predetermined value is reached;
S3、通过两个应力加载电机对所述试件施加目标交变应力，直至试件疲劳断裂，获取试件在目标条件下的微动疲劳性能和寿命，并记录该过程中第一力传感器和第二力传感器的数值；S3, applying target alternating stress to the specimen by two stress loading motors until the specimen is fatigued and fractured, obtaining the fretting fatigue performance and life of the specimen under target conditions, and recording the values of the first force sensor and the second force sensor in the process;
测试过程中，目标试件和微动垫的摩擦系数通过下式计算：u = Ff/ FN1，Ff= (FN2*L1)/ (L1 + L2 + L3 + L4)，式中，u 为摩擦系数；FN1为第一力传感器的数值；FN2为第二力传感器的数值；L1表示铰接处与第二力传感器的距离，所述铰接处是指第一力传感器和第二加载杆的铰接处；L2表示第二力传感器与夹具的距离；L3表示夹具的厚度；L4表示微动垫的厚度。During the test, the friction coefficient of the target specimen and the micro-motion pad is calculated by the following formula: u = Ff / FN1 , Ff = ( FN2 *L1)/(L1+L2+L3+L4), where u is the friction coefficient; FN1 is the value of the first force sensor; FN2 is the value of the second force sensor; L1 represents the distance between the hinge and the second force sensor, and the hinge refers to the hinge between the first force sensor and the second loading rod; L2 represents the distance between the second force sensor and the fixture; L3 represents the thickness of the fixture; L4 represents the thickness of the micro-motion pad.
本发明的一种实施方式在于，对所述试件施加目标交变应力前还包括以下步骤：通过加热炉将温度调节至目标温度，通过盐雾腐蚀加载组件在所述加热炉中设置盐雾腐蚀环境。One implementation of the present invention is that before applying the target alternating stress to the specimen, the following steps are also included: adjusting the temperature to the target temperature through a heating furnace, and setting a salt spray corrosion environment in the heating furnace through a salt spray corrosion loading component.
有益效果：本装置可定量测试试验过程中的疲劳参数、摩擦系数，能够定量的测量极端环境下试样的微动疲劳性能与寿命，具有广泛的应用范围。Beneficial effects: This device can quantitatively test fatigue parameters and friction coefficients during the test, and can quantitatively measure the fretting fatigue performance and life of samples under extreme environments, and has a wide range of applications.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为实施例1的装置整体结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of Example 1;
图2为图1中A部分结构的放大示意图；FIG2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of part A in FIG1 ;
图3为计算摩擦系数所需用到参数的示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of parameters required for calculating the friction coefficient;
图中，1为底板，2为顶板，3为应力加载电机，4为夹持部，5为直线驱动电机，6为第一加载杆，7为第二加载杆，8为第一力传感器，9为气源，10为雾化器，11为水泵，12为盐溶液储存箱，13为立柱，14为紧固螺栓，15为第二力传感器，16为防护垫，17为安装块，18为铰接点，19为夹具，20为微动垫，21为收集罐，22为雾化喷头，23为限位板，24为第三加载杆，25为试件，26为加热炉。In the figure, 1 is a bottom plate, 2 is a top plate, 3 is a stress loading motor, 4 is a clamping part, 5 is a linear drive motor, 6 is a first loading rod, 7 is a second loading rod, 8 is a first force sensor, 9 is an air source, 10 is an atomizer, 11 is a water pump, 12 is a salt solution storage tank, 13 is a column, 14 is a fastening bolt, 15 is a second force sensor, 16 is a protective pad, 17 is a mounting block, 18 is a hinge point, 19 is a clamp, 20 is a micro-motion pad, 21 is a collecting tank, 22 is an atomizing nozzle, 23 is a limit plate, 24 is a third loading rod, 25 is a test piece, and 26 is a heating furnace.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合实例以及附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。The specific implementation modes of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to examples and drawings. Obviously, the described examples are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，一种动态测量微动疲劳摩擦系数的装置，包括，As shown in FIG1 , a device for dynamically measuring the fretting fatigue friction coefficient includes:
用于提供轴向力的轴向力加载组件，包括两个相对设置的应力加载电机3，所述应力加载电机3的输出端连接有夹持部4；An axial force loading component for providing an axial force comprises two stress loading motors 3 arranged opposite to each other, wherein the output ends of the stress loading motors 3 are connected to a clamping portion 4;
用于提供法向力的法向加载组件，包括两个相对设置的直线驱动电机5，所述直线驱动电机5的输出端连接有第一加载杆6，所述第一加载杆6远离所述直线驱动电机5的一端设有第一力传感器8，所述第一力传感器8铰接有第二加载杆7，所述第二加载杆7远离所述第一力传感器8的一端通过夹具19可拆卸的设置有微动垫20，所述第二加载杆7下部设有安装块17，所述安装块17和所述第二加载杆7之间设有第二力传感器15，所述第二力传感器15用于检测所述第二加载杆7对所述安装块17施加的力；A normal loading component for providing a normal force, comprising two linear drive motors 5 arranged opposite to each other, wherein the output end of the linear drive motor 5 is connected to a first loading rod 6, wherein an end of the first loading rod 6 away from the linear drive motor 5 is provided with a first force sensor 8, wherein the first force sensor 8 is hingedly connected to a second loading rod 7, wherein an end of the second loading rod 7 away from the first force sensor 8 is detachably provided with a micro-motion pad 20 via a clamp 19, wherein a mounting block 17 is provided at the lower part of the second loading rod 7, wherein a second force sensor 15 is provided between the mounting block 17 and the second loading rod 7, wherein the second force sensor 15 is used to detect the force applied by the second loading rod 7 to the mounting block 17;
两个所述夹持部4和两个所述微动垫20之间设有试件25。A test piece 25 is provided between the two clamping parts 4 and the two micro-motion pads 20 .
具体的，对于飞机涡轮叶片来讲，由于其是榫卯结构，并未完全固定，因此，在实际运行过程中，当涡轮叶片高速旋转时，其会受到相应的离心力，在离心力的作用下，涡轮叶片的榫头与榫槽之间会产生微米级的相对滑动，在滑动过程中，榫头和榫槽之间会产生微动摩擦；同时，在涡轮叶片的旋转过程中，其还会承受时变的应力，这些情况导致飞机涡轮叶片的微动疲劳相对复杂。Specifically, for aircraft turbine blades, since they are mortise and tenon structures and are not completely fixed, during actual operation, when the turbine blades rotate at high speed, they will be subjected to corresponding centrifugal force. Under the action of centrifugal force, micron-level relative sliding will occur between the tenon and the tenon groove of the turbine blades. During the sliding process, micro-motion friction will be generated between the tenon and the tenon groove. At the same time, during the rotation of the turbine blades, they will also be subjected to time-varying stress. These situations make the micro-motion fatigue of aircraft turbine blades relatively complicated.
为此，本实施例中，设置的轴向力加载组件用于对试件25施加竖直方向的交变力；设置的法向加载组件用于对试件25施加横向的法向力。To this end, in this embodiment, the axial force loading assembly is used to apply an alternating force in the vertical direction to the specimen 25 ; and the normal loading assembly is used to apply a lateral normal force to the specimen 25 .
对于轴向力加载组件来讲，由于其功能相对简单，因此，轴向力加载组件通常包括两个相对设置的应力加载电机3，这两个应力加载电机3的输出轴设于同一条竖直线上，使得试件能够竖直设置，从而能够更加方便的加载法向力。为了便于将试件25固定于两个应力加载电机3之间，在应力加载电机3的输出端连接有相应的夹持部4，该夹持部4能够将试件25进行固定、夹持；对于夹持部4来讲，其可以根据实际情况进行设置，在对试件25进行夹持后，要求应力加载电机3能够对试件25施加压力或者拉力，满足该条件的夹持部4较多，都能够应用于本发明，比如在试件25上设置夹持孔，在夹持部4上设置尺寸与夹持孔匹配的夹持杆，后通过螺栓对夹持杆进行固定等等。本实施例中，在应力加载电机3的输出端设置有相应的第三加载杆24，第三加载杆24远离应力加载电机3的一端连接有夹持部4。As for the axial force loading assembly, since its function is relatively simple, the axial force loading assembly usually includes two stress loading motors 3 arranged opposite to each other, and the output shafts of the two stress loading motors 3 are arranged on the same vertical line, so that the specimen can be arranged vertically, so that the normal force can be loaded more conveniently. In order to facilitate the fixing of the specimen 25 between the two stress loading motors 3, a corresponding clamping part 4 is connected to the output end of the stress loading motor 3, and the clamping part 4 can fix and clamp the specimen 25; as for the clamping part 4, it can be set according to the actual situation. After clamping the specimen 25, it is required that the stress loading motor 3 can apply pressure or tension to the specimen 25. There are many clamping parts 4 that meet this condition, which can be applied to the present invention, such as setting a clamping hole on the specimen 25, setting a clamping rod with a size matching the clamping hole on the clamping part 4, and then fixing the clamping rod by bolts, etc. In this embodiment, a corresponding third loading rod 24 is arranged at the output end of the stress loading motor 3, and the clamping part 4 is connected to the end of the third loading rod 24 away from the stress loading motor 3.
同时，对于轴向力的加载来讲，需要其能够产生交变应力，以使得试件25和微动垫20之间产生微动摩擦。因此，本实施例中采用应力加载电机3作为轴向力的产生来源，应力加载电机3通常为直线电机，同时设有编码器，在使用过程中，可以输入最大加载应力值（应力幅值），以及交变类型（正弦交变、锯齿波交变），这些交变应力的加载类型都是通过编程实现的，其属于本领域常规手段，因此对其不予赘述。At the same time, for the loading of axial force, it is necessary to be able to generate alternating stress so that micro-motion friction is generated between the test piece 25 and the micro-motion pad 20. Therefore, in this embodiment, the stress loading motor 3 is used as the source of the axial force. The stress loading motor 3 is usually a linear motor, and an encoder is provided. During use, the maximum loading stress value (stress amplitude) and the alternating type (sine alternating, sawtooth alternating) can be input. These alternating stress loading types are all realized by programming, which belongs to conventional means in this field, so they are not described in detail.
对于法向加载组件来讲，在本实施例中，其不仅需要对试件25加载固定的法向力，同时，还具有测试加载过程中试件25与微动垫20的摩擦系数的能力。As for the normal loading component, in this embodiment, it is not only required to load a fixed normal force on the specimen 25, but also has the ability to test the friction coefficient between the specimen 25 and the micro-motion pad 20 during the loading process.
对于法向加载组件来讲，施加法向力的组件包括两个相对设置的直线驱动电机5，这两个直线驱动电机5为法向力的施加提供动力。为了便于对试件施加法向力，在直线驱动电机5的输出端设置有第一加载杆6，在第一加载杆6远离直线驱动电机的一端设有第一力传感器8，第一力传感器8的一端铰接有第二加载杆7，第二加载杆7一端连接有夹具19，夹具19上可拆卸的设置有微动垫20。在第二加载杆7下部设有安装块17，安装块17和第二加载杆7之间设有第二力传感器15。第二力传感器15用于检测第二加载杆7对安装块17施加的力。For the normal loading component, the component for applying the normal force includes two linear drive motors 5 arranged opposite to each other, and the two linear drive motors 5 provide power for applying the normal force. In order to facilitate the application of the normal force to the specimen, a first loading rod 6 is provided at the output end of the linear drive motor 5, and a first force sensor 8 is provided at the end of the first loading rod 6 away from the linear drive motor. A second loading rod 7 is hinged at one end of the first force sensor 8, and a clamp 19 is connected to one end of the second loading rod 7. A micro-motion pad 20 is detachably provided on the clamp 19. A mounting block 17 is provided at the lower part of the second loading rod 7, and a second force sensor 15 is provided between the mounting block 17 and the second loading rod 7. The second force sensor 15 is used to detect the force applied by the second loading rod 7 to the mounting block 17.
对于微动垫20来讲，其主要是模拟涡轮叶片的榫头-榫槽的微动摩擦和微动疲劳，因此，其材质需要和榫槽的材质相同。同时，微动垫20属于一种消耗品，每经过一次测试，微动垫20就需要更换，因此，微动垫20和夹具19之间为可拆卸连接。The micro-motion pad 20 is mainly used to simulate the micro-motion friction and micro-motion fatigue of the tenon-mortise of the turbine blade, so its material needs to be the same as that of the tenon. At the same time, the micro-motion pad 20 is a consumable and needs to be replaced after each test. Therefore, the micro-motion pad 20 and the fixture 19 are detachably connected.
通过第一力传感器8，能够测得直线驱动电机5对试件25施加的法向力，通过第二力传感器15，能够测得微动垫20受到微动时产生的转矩。通过第一力传感器8和第二力传感器15测得的数值，结合第二加载杆7等部件的固定参数，能够计算获得试件25在测试过程中的摩擦系数。The normal force applied by the linear drive motor 5 to the test piece 25 can be measured by the first force sensor 8, and the torque generated by the micro-motion pad 20 when micro-motion is applied can be measured by the second force sensor 15. The friction coefficient of the test piece 25 during the test can be calculated by combining the values measured by the first force sensor 8 and the second force sensor 15 with the fixed parameters of the second loading rod 7 and other components.
本实施例中，之所以要使得第二加载杆7为铰接状态，是由于在测试过程中，由于试件25会受到轴向力加载组件的交变应力，且微动垫20和试件25之间存在一定的压力，导致第二加载杆7会持续不断存在向上或者向下的运动趋势，如果不设置为铰接，那么这些运动趋势会传递至第一加载杆6以及直线驱动电机5，导致直线驱动电机5损坏；本实施例的铰接，是指使得第二加载杆7能够绕铰接点18上下转动，可以设置为铰链等常用的铰接部件。In the present embodiment, the reason why the second loading rod 7 is in an articulated state is that during the test, the specimen 25 will be subjected to the alternating stress of the axial force loading assembly, and there is a certain pressure between the micro-motion pad 20 and the specimen 25, which causes the second loading rod 7 to continuously have an upward or downward movement tendency. If it is not set to be hinged, then these movement tendencies will be transmitted to the first loading rod 6 and the linear drive motor 5, causing damage to the linear drive motor 5; the articulation of the present embodiment refers to enabling the second loading rod 7 to rotate up and down around the hinge point 18, and can be set to a commonly used articulated component such as a hinge.
由于第一力传感器8和第二力传感器15需要对力进行检测，且在第一加载杆6和第二加载杆7之间设置有相应的铰接部件，因此，为了使得第一力传感器8和第二力传感器15的结果更加准确，在第一力传感器8和直线驱动电机5之间还设有限位板23，限位板23上设有限位孔，第一加载杆6穿过限位孔并被限位孔限位，使得第一加载杆6仅能在一维方向运动。当然，从理论上来讲，即使不设置有限位板23，第一加载杆6通常也是在一维方向运动，但是当第一加载杆6受到外力作用时，其运动方向可能会发生偏移，因此本实施例的限位板23主要用于避免这种偏移。Since the first force sensor 8 and the second force sensor 15 need to detect the force, and a corresponding hinged component is provided between the first loading rod 6 and the second loading rod 7, in order to make the results of the first force sensor 8 and the second force sensor 15 more accurate, a limit plate 23 is further provided between the first force sensor 8 and the linear drive motor 5. The limit plate 23 is provided with a limit hole, and the first loading rod 6 passes through the limit hole and is limited by the limit hole, so that the first loading rod 6 can only move in one-dimensional direction. Of course, theoretically speaking, even if the limit plate 23 is not provided, the first loading rod 6 usually moves in one-dimensional direction, but when the first loading rod 6 is subjected to external force, its movement direction may be offset, so the limit plate 23 of this embodiment is mainly used to avoid such offset.
为了便于第二力传感器15的设置和检测，还设置有一个固定装置；该固定装置包括：在第二加载杆7上设置的一个通孔，同时设置有通过该通孔的紧固螺栓14，在第二加载杆7通孔的下部依次设置有相应的防护垫16、第二力传感器15、安装块17，在紧固螺栓14设置于安装块17上面。当需要将第二加载杆7固定时，紧固螺栓14穿过防护垫16和通孔，外部通过螺母固定。In order to facilitate the installation and detection of the second force sensor 15, a fixing device is also provided; the fixing device includes: a through hole provided on the second loading rod 7, and a fastening bolt 14 passing through the through hole, and corresponding protective pads 16, second force sensors 15, and mounting blocks 17 are sequentially provided at the lower part of the through hole of the second loading rod 7, and the fastening bolt 14 is provided on the mounting block 17. When the second loading rod 7 needs to be fixed, the fastening bolt 14 passes through the protective pad 16 and the through hole, and is fixed externally by a nut.
同时，对于轴向力加载组件中设于上部的应力加载电机3来讲，通常需要设置一个安装板；对于另一个应力加载电机3以及直线驱动电机5来讲，其同样需要设置相应的安装板。因此，在本实施例中，设置有相应的支撑组件。该支撑组件包括一个底板1和一个顶板2，两个应力加载电机3分别设置于底板1和顶板2上，为了使得顶板2和底板1的位置相对固定，在底板1和顶板2之间设有若干立柱13，通过这些立柱13将顶板2和底板1固定。虽然从理论上来讲，直线驱动电机5仍然可以设置于底板1上，但是，在实际使用过程中我们发现，不同试件25的高度差别较大，对于应力驱动电机3来讲，其可以通过调节第三加载杆24的长度来适应不同高度的试件25。但是对于直线驱动电机5来讲，由于通常法向力需要施加在试件25的中部，如果直接将直线驱动电机5设置于底板1上会导致本装置难以对不同高度的试件25进行检测；因此，在本实施例中，将直线驱动电机5设置于一个安装部上，同时使得直线驱动电机5连接的微动垫20能够贴合于试件25的中部，以便于实验的进行。At the same time, for the stress loading motor 3 arranged at the upper part of the axial force loading assembly, it is usually necessary to set a mounting plate; for the other stress loading motor 3 and the linear drive motor 5, it is also necessary to set a corresponding mounting plate. Therefore, in this embodiment, a corresponding support assembly is provided. The support assembly includes a bottom plate 1 and a top plate 2, and the two stress loading motors 3 are respectively arranged on the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 2. In order to make the positions of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 relatively fixed, a number of columns 13 are provided between the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 2, and the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 are fixed by these columns 13. Although theoretically speaking, the linear drive motor 5 can still be arranged on the bottom plate 1, but in actual use, we found that the heights of different test pieces 25 are quite different. For the stress drive motor 3, it can adapt to test pieces 25 of different heights by adjusting the length of the third loading rod 24. However, for the linear drive motor 5, since the normal force usually needs to be applied to the middle of the specimen 25, if the linear drive motor 5 is directly set on the base plate 1, it will make it difficult for the device to detect the specimens 25 of different heights; therefore, in this embodiment, the linear drive motor 5 is set on a mounting portion, and at the same time, the micro-motion pad 20 connected to the linear drive motor 5 can fit in the middle of the specimen 25 to facilitate the experiment.
对于航空发动机的涡轮叶片来讲，其工作环境的温度较高，为此，本实施例中，还设置有一个加热炉26，通过该加热炉26对试件25进行加热，使试件25维持在工作温度条件下，使得测试结果更加准确。当然，由于需要对试件25加载相应的应力，在本实施例中，加热炉26顶部和底部设置有允许第三加载杆24和夹持部4通过的通孔，两个相对的侧面设有允许第二加载杆7通过的通孔。同时，为了保证加热炉26内热量不会过于散失，在通孔处还设置有相应的高温垫片，其属于本领域常规设置，因此在此对其不予赘述。为了便于拆卸和安装，本实施例中，将加热炉26设置为左右两个部分，使得实验所需的试件25和微动垫20能够安装和拆卸。For the turbine blades of aircraft engines, the temperature of their working environment is relatively high. For this reason, in this embodiment, a heating furnace 26 is also provided, through which the test piece 25 is heated, so that the test piece 25 is maintained at the working temperature condition, so that the test result is more accurate. Of course, since it is necessary to load the corresponding stress on the test piece 25, in this embodiment, the top and bottom of the heating furnace 26 are provided with through holes that allow the third loading rod 24 and the clamping part 4 to pass through, and the two opposite sides are provided with through holes that allow the second loading rod 7 to pass through. At the same time, in order to ensure that the heat in the heating furnace 26 will not be lost too much, a corresponding high-temperature gasket is also provided at the through hole, which belongs to the conventional setting in this field, so it will not be repeated here. In order to facilitate disassembly and installation, in this embodiment, the heating furnace 26 is set into two left and right parts, so that the test piece 25 and the micro-motion pad 20 required for the experiment can be installed and disassembled.
在一些情况下，在海洋环境中，涡轮叶片不仅会受到高温影响，同时，还存在高盐、高湿等腐蚀性环境，在这样的环境下，会导致涡轮叶片的寿命大大降低。为了模拟该过程，本实施例中，还设置有盐雾腐蚀加载组件。In some cases, in a marine environment, turbine blades are not only affected by high temperatures, but also by corrosive environments such as high salt and high humidity, which can greatly reduce the life of turbine blades. In order to simulate this process, a salt spray corrosion loading component is also provided in this embodiment.
盐雾腐蚀加载组件包括设于所述加热炉内的雾化喷头22，雾化喷头22并联连接有雾化器10和气源9，雾化器10远离所述雾化喷头22的一端依次连接有水泵11和盐溶液储存箱12。通过水泵11、盐溶液储存箱12和雾化器10，能够将盐溶液进行雾化；通过气源9将雾化后的盐溶液以一定速度带入加热炉26内部。当然，为了模拟高盐环境的持续性，在加热炉底部还设置有雾化液出口和收集罐21，使得加热炉内部能够源源不断的出现新的腐蚀来源，与实际情况更加接近。The salt spray corrosion loading assembly includes an atomizing nozzle 22 disposed in the heating furnace, the atomizing nozzle 22 is connected in parallel with an atomizer 10 and an air source 9, and the end of the atomizer 10 away from the atomizing nozzle 22 is connected in sequence with a water pump 11 and a salt solution storage tank 12. The salt solution can be atomized by the water pump 11, the salt solution storage tank 12 and the atomizer 10; the atomized salt solution is brought into the heating furnace 26 at a certain speed by the air source 9. Of course, in order to simulate the persistence of the high-salt environment, an atomized liquid outlet and a collection tank 21 are also provided at the bottom of the heating furnace, so that new corrosion sources can continuously appear inside the heating furnace, which is closer to the actual situation.
综上所述，本实施例的装置，能够模拟检测试件在高温、高腐蚀环境下的腐蚀参数、疲劳断裂参数和摩擦参数。In summary, the device of this embodiment can simulate the corrosion parameters, fatigue fracture parameters and friction parameters of the test piece in a high temperature and high corrosion environment.
实施例2Example 2
一种动态测量微动疲劳摩擦系数的方法，其采用实施例1中提出的装置，该方法包括以下步骤：A method for dynamically measuring the fretting fatigue friction coefficient, using the device proposed in Example 1, the method comprises the following steps:
S1、通过两个夹持部将试件夹持固定，通过直线驱动电机使得两个微动垫紧贴所述试件的侧壁，组装好设备；S1. Fix the specimen by two clamping parts, and make two micro-motion pads close to the side wall of the specimen by a linear drive motor, and assemble the equipment;
本实施例中的试件通常为狗骨头试件，通过夹持部将试件固定时，使得试件能够承受拉力和压力。对于微动垫来讲，在每次测试过程中，需要更换新的微动垫。The test piece in this embodiment is usually a dog bone test piece, and when the test piece is fixed by the clamping part, the test piece can withstand tension and pressure. For the micro-motion pad, a new micro-motion pad needs to be replaced during each test.
S2、通过两个直线驱动电机对所述试件施加法向力直至达到预定值；S2, applying a normal force to the test piece through two linear drive motors until a predetermined value is reached;
S3、通过两个应力加载电机对所述试件施加目标交变应力，直至试件疲劳断裂，获取试件在目标条件下的微动疲劳性能和寿命，并记录该过程中第一力传感器和第二力传感器的数值；S3, applying target alternating stress to the specimen by two stress loading motors until the specimen is fatigued and fractured, obtaining the fretting fatigue performance and life of the specimen under target conditions, and recording the values of the first force sensor and the second force sensor in the process;
测试过程中，目标试件和微动垫的摩擦系数通过下式计算：u = Ff/ FN1，Ff= (FN2*L1)/ (L1 + L2 + L3 + L4)，式中，u 为摩擦系数；FN1为第一力传感器的数值；FN2为第二力传感器的数值；L1表示铰接处与第二力传感器的距离，所述铰接处是指第一力传感器和第二加载杆的铰接处；L2表示第二力传感器与夹具的距离；L3表示夹具的厚度；L4表示微动垫的厚度。During the test, the friction coefficient of the target specimen and the micro-motion pad is calculated by the following formula: u = Ff / FN1 , Ff = ( FN2 *L1)/(L1+L2+L3+L4), where u is the friction coefficient; FN1 is the value of the first force sensor; FN2 is the value of the second force sensor; L1 represents the distance between the hinge and the second force sensor, and the hinge refers to the hinge between the first force sensor and the second loading rod; L2 represents the distance between the second force sensor and the fixture; L3 represents the thickness of the fixture; L4 represents the thickness of the micro-motion pad.
同样的，由于实施例1的装置设置有加热炉和盐雾腐蚀组件，因此，当测试试件在高温高腐蚀环境下的微动疲劳性能时，还包括以下步骤：在对试件施加交变应力前，通过加热炉将温度调节至目标温度，通过盐雾腐蚀加载组件在所述加热炉中设置盐雾腐蚀环境，以分析其在高温高腐蚀条件下的微动疲劳。Similarly, since the device of Example 1 is provided with a heating furnace and a salt spray corrosion component, when testing the fretting fatigue performance of the test piece in a high temperature and high corrosion environment, the following steps are also included: before applying alternating stress to the test piece, the temperature is adjusted to the target temperature by the heating furnace, and a salt spray corrosion environment is set in the heating furnace by the salt spray corrosion loading component to analyze its fretting fatigue under high temperature and high corrosion conditions.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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