CN118145974A - 一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118145974A CN118145974A CN202410355929.XA CN202410355929A CN118145974A CN 118145974 A CN118145974 A CN 118145974A CN 202410355929 A CN202410355929 A CN 202410355929A CN 118145974 A CN118145974 A CN 118145974A
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Abstract
本发明公开一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其包括如下步骤:在耐火窑具内布撒厚度≥5mm的陶瓷粉料,刮平;将发泡陶瓷粉料布撒于陶瓷层上,刮平;送入窑炉中烧成,冷却出窑后拆除耐火窑具,即获得发泡陶瓷板,按所需形制进行磨边和/或切割加工得到成品;其中,陶瓷层原料和发泡陶瓷层原料在30‑200℃以及30‑600℃的线性热膨胀系数差值不大于0.7×10‑6K‑1。采用本发明制备的发泡陶瓷板结合度高,不轻易脱落,耐用时间长,平稳发泡,具备装饰效果,且根据需要还可通过简单地切割加工成多种陶瓷板材,节省燃耗成本,大大提升了材料和窑炉的利用率,提高了产值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑陶瓷领域,特别涉及一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺。
背景技术
发泡陶瓷具有轻质保温、阻燃等功能,且对原料要求低,可以大量使用陶瓷生产中产生的废料,是一种绿色环保建材。然而,经过抛磨加工的发泡陶瓷表面呈蜂窝状,通常不具有装饰性,为了获得具有装饰效果的表面,通常可以采用三种方法:
一、在发泡陶瓷板材加工完成后,进行表面的装饰处理,如表面喷涂料或喷涂真石漆。该类产品使用寿命有限,装饰层易脱落;
二、在发泡陶瓷板材加工完成后,涂抹胶水,在其表面粘合石材薄板、陶瓷薄板或硅钙板等。该类产品中的胶水易老化,尤其应用于户外时,使用寿命短,表面装饰层易脱落;
三、采用微晶料进行装饰,通过两次布料形成微晶料层和发泡陶瓷层,一体烧成产品。发泡陶瓷工业生产中少量分层开裂是允许的,通常低于10%即可。然而微晶料成本较高,成品率低,且两种原料的膨胀系数不易匹配,制得的产品极易大量开裂(超过10%)。
中国专利CN110395969A公开了一种微晶复合煤矸石基发泡陶瓷保温板及其制备方法,采用微晶玻璃熔块粉作为装饰层,发泡料作为发泡层,两者结合解决了装饰和发泡层结合的问题,但其生产熔块的周期和能耗原因,以及热膨胀系数的匹配问题,导致其生产成本较高,且熔块的图案和色彩单一,装饰个性化低,限制了产品的市场推广。
中国专利CN114105670A公开了一种岩板复合轻质保温板的制备方法,该专利采用岩板和发泡层进行复合,二次烧成达到装饰效果,结合性优异,但由于岩板经过二次烧制,生产链条成本高,且仅具有岩板图案和效果,并且岩板在二次烧制过程中会出现失色和表面效果失真的情况,最终影响产品的装饰性。
针对上述技术问题,有必要提出一种新的发泡陶瓷板生产工艺。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提出一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其生产成本低,装饰效果好,可以一次烧成获得多种陶瓷产品,大大提高材料和窑炉的利用率,提升产值。
为实现上述目的,本发明提出一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)铺设陶瓷层:在耐火窑具内布撒厚度≥5mm的陶瓷粉料,刮平;
(2)铺设发泡陶瓷层:将发泡陶瓷粉料布撒于陶瓷层上,刮平;
(3)送入窑炉中烧成,冷却出窑后拆除耐火窑具,即获得发泡陶瓷板;
(4)将步骤(3)获得的发泡陶瓷板根据所需形制进行磨边和/或切割加工得到成品;
其中,步骤(1)中所述的陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数α1符合以下要求:
30-200℃:6.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.6×10-6K-1;30-600℃:7.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.5×10-6K-1;
步骤(2)中所述发泡陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数α2符合以下要求:
30-200℃:5.7×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.4×10-6K-1;30-600℃:6.7×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.6×10-6K-1。
本发明所述的发泡陶瓷板的生产工艺,仅采用多层布料,无需压制成砖坯或喷施釉料,通过控制各层粉料原料的线性热膨胀系数相匹配,使得多层的松散粉料在烧制过程中直接通过固相反应进行结合,且烧成后结合度高,不会出现开裂等现象,耐用时间长,达到一次烧成具有装饰效果的发泡陶瓷板,节省燃耗成本。同时,本发明所述生产工艺制得的发泡陶瓷板经过切割加工后可以得到至少两种不同类型的陶瓷板材,在相同的烧成制度和烧成周期下,获得至少两种产品,大大提升了材料和窑炉的利用率,提高了产值。
优选地,所述的陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数α1符合以下要求:
30-100℃:5.9×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.6×10-6K-1;30-200℃:6.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.6×10-6K-1;30-300℃:6.3×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.8×10-6K-1;30-400℃:6.5×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.9×10- 6K-1;30-500℃:6.7×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.1×10-6K-1;30-600℃:7.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.5×10-6K-1;30-700℃:7.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.6×10-6K-1;30-800℃:8.2×10-6K-1≤α1≤8.5×10-6K-1;
所述发泡陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数α2符合以下要求:
30-100℃:5.5×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.2×10-6K-1;30-200℃:5.7×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.4×10-6K-1;30-300℃:6.0×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.7×10-6K-1;30-400℃:6.2×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.9×10- 6K-1;30-500℃:6.6×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.2×10-6K-1;30-600℃:6.7×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.6×10-6K-1;30-700℃:6.9×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.6×10-6K-1;30-800℃:7.1×10-6K-1≤α2≤8.4×10-6K-1。
陶瓷层和发泡层两层材料的致密结构不同,导致陶瓷层散热效率高,而发泡层由于其内部结构存在蜂窝状的多孔结构,具有一定的保温作用,从而散热效率低,因此,通过控制陶瓷层原料和发泡陶瓷层原料在100~800℃低温段的线性热膨胀系数,进一步避免在低温区段烧制过程中出现应力过大而拉裂分层的情况。
优选地,所述陶瓷层原料与所述发泡陶瓷层原料在30-200℃以及30-600℃的线性热膨胀系数的差值均≤0.7×10-6K-1。通过调控陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层原料的热膨胀系数的匹配程度,使得陶瓷层配方与发泡陶瓷层配方相适应,在烧成后,陶瓷层不发生变形,平直度良好。
优选地,所述陶瓷层原料与所述发泡陶瓷层原料的烧失量≤3%wt。可以有效降低粉料因烧失量过大导致的收缩量过大,从而避免底部粉料漏底现象的发生。
优选地,所述陶瓷层原料组分以质量份数计,包括:9033锆白熔块10份、烧滑石5份、微晶熔块20份、钾钠石粉35份、钾长石15份、钠长石10份、球土5份、三聚磷酸钠0.25份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.15份;
所述发泡陶瓷层原料组分以质量份数计,包括:9033锆白熔块4份、压榨泥15份、发泡陶瓷废料20份、镁质土4份、河沙尾料32份、世荣尾料5份、建筑渣土20份、坯体增强剂0.25份、绿硅0.3份。
优选地,步骤(4)所述的切割加工包括将所述发泡陶瓷板剖开的步骤,所述剖开的步骤以烧结后的陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层的分界线为基准,剖开的剖线位于所述发泡陶瓷层一侧。可以分别获得通体为发泡陶瓷的发泡陶瓷板材和复合了陶瓷层的发泡陶瓷板材两种产品。可以根据实际需要进一步对陶瓷层做抛光打蜡或喷砂等表面处理。一次烧成获得两种不同类型的陶瓷板材,节省了燃耗成本。
优选地,所述发泡陶瓷层包括至少两种烧后呈现不同装饰效果的第一发泡层和第二发泡层,布料过程为先布撒第一发泡层粉料,刮平后再布撒第二发泡层粉料。烧成后经过切割加工可以获得三种不同的陶瓷板材,分别是表面复合陶瓷层的发泡陶瓷板材,由第一发泡层原料烧结后形成的发泡陶瓷板材,以及复合了第一发泡层和第二发泡层烧结后形成的复合发泡陶瓷板材。可以通过配方调整,使得第一发泡层和第二发泡层烧结后具有两种不同的装饰效果。
优选地,所述陶瓷层的粉料通过球磨制浆、喷雾造粒获得;
所述球磨工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8~1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分≤35%;
所述陶瓷层的粉料含水率为5~5.5%,所述陶瓷层的布料厚度为10~25mm。
通过调控陶瓷层粉料的技术参数,保证烧成后成品厚度的稳定性。陶瓷粉料的布料厚度直接影响烧成后陶瓷层的厚度,控制布撒陶瓷粉料的厚度为10~25mm,从而烧成后陶瓷层的厚度为5~15mm,可适应产品不同应用场景的性能要求,具备较好的装饰效果的同时,也避免使用大量的陶瓷原料,降低原料成本。
优选地,所述发泡陶瓷层的粉料通过球磨制浆、喷雾造粒获得:
所述球磨工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8~1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分≤35%;
所述发泡陶瓷层的粉料生坯强度高于1.3Mpa,粉料含水率为5.5~6.0%,容重0.87~0.88g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别≤1.5%;
所述发泡陶瓷层的布料厚度为25~75mm。
通过调控发泡陶瓷层粉料的技术参数,确保布料厚度和出窑成品厚度的稳定性,且各层之间平稳发泡,烧成后界限分明,有效防止粉料性能波动导致布料量不一致从而烧成后板材厚度不一致影响后期加工成形。
通过控制各层陶瓷原料的布料厚度,使得烧成出窑后的总厚度控制在95~115mm范围内,确保加工后的三种板材单个产品厚度的稳定以及能够达到不同应用场景的使用需求。
优选地,所述步骤(2)与步骤(3)之间还包括向所述发泡陶瓷层上布撒可在步骤(3)烧成后形成防护层的低温原料的步骤,所述低温原料的组分以氧化物的质量百分比计包括:SiO2:54.35~68.96%,Al2O3:8.45~14.34%,Fe2O3:0.2~0.6%,TiO2:0.04~0.2%,CaO:5.04~18.4%,MgO:1.1~3.1%,K2O:0.5~5.8%,Na2O:3.5~9%,BaO:0.02~3.01%,ZnO:0.05~8%,L.O.I:0.2~3%。可以在发泡陶瓷层表面采用干粉或高浓度釉浆布撒一些低温粉料,使得烧成后的产品表面具备防污性能。
本发明与现有技术相比,至少具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明所述的生产工艺,一次烧成陶瓷层和发泡陶瓷层,结合稳固,无开裂分层现象,节省燃耗成本。
2、采用本发明所述的生产工艺制得的发泡陶瓷毛坯表面平整度高,界限分明,一次烧成后经切割加工可以获得多种不同装饰效果的发泡陶瓷板材。
3、在发泡陶瓷表层布撒具有防污效果的低温粉料,使烧成后的发泡陶瓷表面具备防污性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅为本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为实施例6制得的发泡陶瓷板的结构示意图;
图2为实施例6制得的发泡陶瓷板的切割加工示意图(a:切割加工前的发泡陶瓷板,A、B为切割加工线;b:切割加工后获得陶瓷板材Ⅰ、陶瓷板材Ⅱ和陶瓷板材Ⅲ)。
附图中,1-第二发泡层、2-第一发泡层、3-陶瓷层。
本申请目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例,参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
另外,各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合,但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础,当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在,也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
本发明提出一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)铺设陶瓷层:在耐火窑具内布撒厚度≥5mm的陶瓷粉料,刮平;
所述陶瓷层的粉料通过球磨制浆、喷雾造粒获得;
所述球磨工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8~1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分≤35%;
所述陶瓷层的粉料含水率为5~5.5%,优选的,所述陶瓷层的布料厚度为10~25mm。
(2)铺设发泡陶瓷层:将发泡陶瓷粉料布撒于陶瓷层上,刮平;
所述发泡陶瓷层的粉料通过球磨制浆、喷雾造粒获得:
所述球磨工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8~1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分≤35%;
所述发泡陶瓷层的粉料生坯强度高于1.3Mpa,粉料含水率为5.5~6.0%,容重0.87~0.88g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别≤1.5%;
所述发泡陶瓷层的布料厚度为25~75mm。
(3)送入窑炉中烧成,烧成温度为1160~1170℃,烧成周期为8~13.5h,冷却出窑后拆除耐火窑具,即获得发泡陶瓷板;
(4)将步骤(3)获得的发泡陶瓷板根据所需形制进行磨边和/或切割加工得到成品;
其中,步骤(1)中所述的陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数α1符合以下要求:
30-100℃:5.9×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.6×10-6K-1;30-200℃:6.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.6×10-6K-1;30-300℃:6.3×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.8×10-6K-1;30-400℃:6.5×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.9×10- 6K-1;30-500℃:6.7×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.1×10-6K-1;30-600℃:7.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.5×10-6K-1;30-700℃:7.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.6×10-6K-1;30-800℃:8.2×10-6K-1≤α1≤8.5×10-6K-1;
步骤(2)中所述发泡陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数α2符合以下要求:
30-100℃:5.5×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.2×10-6K-1;30-200℃:5.7×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.4×10-6K-1;30-300℃:6.0×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.7×10-6K-1;30-400℃:6.2×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.9×10- 6K-1;30-500℃:6.6×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.2×10-6K-1;30-600℃:6.7×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.6×10-6K-1;30-700℃:6.9×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.6×10-6K-1;30-800℃:7.1×10-6K-1≤α2≤8.4×10-6K-1。
所述陶瓷层原料与所述发泡陶瓷层原料在30-200℃以及30-600℃的线性热膨胀系数的差值均≤0.7×10-6K-1。
所述陶瓷层原料与所述发泡陶瓷层原料的烧失量≤3%wt。
需要说明的是,普通陶瓷在烧成过程中,其厚度基本保持不变,其宽度呈现收缩趋势;而发泡陶瓷由于其含有碳化硅等发泡剂,烧制过程中,随着温度的上升,呈膨胀趋势,冷却时呈收缩趋势,烧成后体积可达原尺寸的1.5~3倍。因此,普通陶瓷和发泡陶瓷在烧制过程中具备不同的尺寸变化趋势,使得复合板材的生产工艺难度上升,容易在陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层结合处形成开裂、变形、鼓包等现象。本发明通过严格控制陶瓷层原料与发泡陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数以及二者在30-200℃和30-600℃的线性热膨胀系数的差值,确保在冷却过程中陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层收缩基本趋于一致,烧成后陶瓷层和发泡陶瓷层结合稳固,耐用时间长。陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层一次烧结,节约能耗,降低生产成本。
进一步的,在本发明的一个实施例中,所述陶瓷层原料组分以质量份数计,包括:9033锆白熔块10份、烧滑石5份、微晶熔块20份、钾钠石粉35份、钾长石15份、钠长石10份、球土5份、三聚磷酸钠0.25份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.15份;
所述发泡陶瓷层原料组分以质量份数计,包括:9033锆白熔块4份、压榨泥15份、发泡陶瓷废料20份、镁质土4份、河沙尾料32份、世荣尾料5份、建筑渣土20份、坯体增强剂0.25份、绿硅0.3份。
具体的,在本发明中,陶瓷层可由普通的陶瓷原料制成。对于发泡陶瓷层的具体配方没有限制,本领域技术人员可根据实际需要选取现有的任意一种发泡陶瓷层。
进一步的,步骤(4)所述的切割加工包括将所述发泡陶瓷板剖开的步骤,所述剖开的步骤以烧结后的陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层的分界线为基准,剖开的剖线位于所述发泡陶瓷层一侧。可以获得两种不同的陶瓷板材。
进一步的,在本发明的一个实施例中,所述发泡陶瓷层包括两种烧后呈现不同装饰效果的第一发泡层和第二发泡层,布料过程为先布撒第一发泡层粉料,刮平后再布撒第二发泡层粉料。一次烧结可以获得具有三层结构的陶瓷坯体,经过横向切割加工可以获得三种不同的陶瓷板材。
本发明所述的生产工艺一次烧成即可获得多种陶瓷板材,大大提升了陶瓷材料和窑炉的利用率,降低了生产成本。
进一步的,在本发明中,为提高发泡陶瓷面层的防污性能,在所述步骤(2)与步骤(3)之间还包括向所述发泡陶瓷层上布撒可在步骤(3)烧成后形成防护层的低温原料的步骤,所述低温原料的组分以氧化物的质量百分比计包括:SiO2:54.35~68.96%,Al2O3:8.45~14.34%,Fe2O3:0.2~0.6%,TiO2:0.04~0.2%,CaO:5.04~18.4%,MgO:1.1~3.1%,K2O:0.5~5.8%,Na2O:3.5~9%,BaO:0.02~3.01%,ZnO:0.05~8%,L.O.I:0.2~3%。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细说明,应当理解,以下实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
提供下述实施例中各个陶瓷制备原料的具体化学组成,详见下表(以质量百分比计,单位为%):
原料名称 | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | L.O.I | ZrO2 | ZnO |
9033锆白熔块 | 61.02 | 6.18 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 10.94 | 3.58 | 4.09 | 0.01 | 0.34 | 6.3 | 6.16 |
微晶熔块 | 58.97 | 8.45 | 0.2 | 1.17 | 18.4 | 2.1 | 0.65 | 5.28 | 0.28 | - | 1.63 |
注:上表中原料的化学组成不满100%的,主要是由于含有其他未检出杂质。
实施例中所采用绿硅为纯度98.5%以上的碳化硅,采购至佛山市长源新材料有限公司;所用三聚磷酸钠采购至景德镇佳陶陶瓷材料有限公司;所用羧甲基纤维素钠采购至佛山市禅城区盈源贸易有限公司;坯体增强剂采购至佛山市新金汇经贸有限公司。
本领域技术人员知晓,参考以氧化物为计的赛格尔式可以在明确烧成温度范围的前提下,使用常用的矿物原料制备所需的建筑陶瓷产品,所需注意的是不同矿物原料的特性与制备工艺的匹配性。通常,获取的原料需进行球磨制浆陈腐均化后喷雾造粒,在合适的烧成温度下烧制成型。
陶瓷原料和发泡陶瓷原料的线性热膨胀系数的测试标准为国家标准GB/T7320-2018,和测试方法为本领域所公知的顶杆法。
实施例1~5中的陶瓷层原料组分以及发泡陶瓷层原料组分如下表所示(以质量份数计):
陶瓷层原料组分和发泡陶瓷层原料组分核算成氧化物以质量百分比计如下表所示(单位为%):
其中陶瓷层原料和发泡陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数如下表所示:
注:上表中线性热膨胀系数的检测误差范围为±0.02×10-6/K。
L.O.I表示为烧失量,C、N、S、H等元素的氧化物在高温条件下为气态。本领域技术人员应当知道,在实际烧制过程中,包含有未检出的杂质,导致其原料的化学组成总重量不足100%。以上的化学组分为示例性,陶瓷层原料和发泡陶瓷层原料均可采用本领域公知的矿物原料。本领域技术人员在满足本实施例要求的线性热膨胀系数范围内,可根据实际情况调整陶瓷层以及发泡陶瓷层的具体配方。
实施例1~5的具体生产工艺如下:
实施例1
一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份数,将陶瓷层原料制备成陶瓷粉料,陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分35%,粉料含水率为5%;在耐火窑具内布撒厚度为15mm的陶瓷粉料,刮平;
(2)按上述质量份数,将发泡陶瓷层原料制备成发泡陶瓷粉料,发泡陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分30%,粉料含水率为5.5%,容重0.87g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别≤1.5%,生坯强度高于1.3Mpa;将制备好的发泡陶瓷粉料布撒于陶瓷层上,厚度为65mm,刮平;
(3)送入窑炉中烧成,烧成温度为1160℃,烧成周期为13.5h,冷却出窑后拆除耐火窑具,获得发泡陶瓷板;
(4)冷却24h后,以陶瓷层和发泡陶瓷层的分界线为基准,沿中线切割,陶瓷层抛光打磨,即获得两种陶瓷板材。
实施例2
一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份数,将陶瓷层原料制备成陶瓷粉料,陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度0.9%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分30%,粉料含水率为5.2%;在耐火窑具内布撒厚度为15mm的陶瓷粉料,刮平;
(2)按上述质量份数,将发泡陶瓷层原料制备成发泡陶瓷粉料,发泡陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分35%,粉料含水率为5.8%,容重0.87g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别≤1.5%,生坯强度高于1.3Mpa;将制备好的发泡陶瓷粉料布撒于陶瓷层上,厚度为65mm,刮平;
(3)送入窑炉中烧成,烧成温度为1165℃,烧成周期为13.5h,冷却出窑后拆除耐火窑具,获得发泡陶瓷板;
(4)冷却24h后,以陶瓷层和发泡陶瓷层的分界线为基准,沿中线切割,陶瓷层抛光打磨,即获得两种陶瓷板材。
实施例3
一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份数,将陶瓷层原料制备成陶瓷粉料,陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分35%,粉料含水率为5.5%;在耐火窑具内布撒厚度为15mm的陶瓷粉料,刮平;
(2)按上述质量份数,将发泡陶瓷层原料制备成发泡陶瓷粉料,发泡陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度0.9%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分35%,粉料含水率为6.0%,容重0.87g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别≤1.5%,生坯强度高于1.3Mpa;将制备好的发泡陶瓷粉料布撒于陶瓷层上,厚度为65mm,刮平;
(3)送入窑炉中烧成,烧成温度为1160℃,烧成周期为13.5h,冷却出窑后拆除耐火窑具,获得发泡陶瓷板;
(4)冷却24h后,以陶瓷层和发泡陶瓷层的分界线为基准,沿中线切割,陶瓷层抛光打磨,即获得两种陶瓷板材。
实施例4
一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份数,将陶瓷层原料制备成陶瓷粉料,陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度0.9%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分30%,粉料含水率为5%;在耐火窑具内布撒厚度为15mm的陶瓷粉料,刮平;
(2)按上述质量份数,将发泡陶瓷层原料制备成发泡陶瓷粉料,发泡陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分30%,粉料含水率为5.5%,容重0.88g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别≤1.5%,生坯强度高于1.3Mpa;将制备好的发泡陶瓷粉料布撒于陶瓷层上,厚度为65mm,刮平;
(3)送入窑炉中烧成,烧成温度为1165℃,烧成周期为13.5h,冷却出窑后拆除耐火窑具,获得发泡陶瓷板;
(4)冷却24h后,以陶瓷层和发泡陶瓷层的分界线为基准,沿中线切割,陶瓷层抛光打磨,即获得两种陶瓷板材。
实施例5
一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份数,将陶瓷层原料制备成陶瓷粉料,陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分35%,粉料含水率为5.5%;在耐火窑具内布撒厚度为15mm的陶瓷粉料,刮平;
(2)按上述质量份数,将发泡陶瓷层原料制备成发泡陶瓷粉料,发泡陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分35%,粉料含水率为6.0%,容重0.88g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别≤1.5%,生坯强度高于1.3Mpa;将制备好的发泡陶瓷粉料布撒于陶瓷层上,厚度为65mm,刮平;
(3)送入窑炉中烧成,烧成温度为1160℃,烧成周期为13.5h,冷却出窑后拆除耐火窑具,获得发泡陶瓷板;
(4)冷却24h后,以陶瓷层和发泡陶瓷层的分界线为基准,沿中线切割,陶瓷层抛光打磨,即获得两种陶瓷板材。
对比例1
对比例1采用与实施例3相同的各项参数和制备步骤,区别仅在于陶瓷层原料组分不同,从而导致陶瓷层原料的烧失量大于5%wt。陶瓷层原料组分以质量份数计如下表所示:
陶瓷层原料组分核算成氧化物以质量百分比计如下表所示:
对比例2
对比例2采用与实施例3相同的各项参数和制备步骤,区别仅在于发泡陶瓷层原料组分不同,从而导致发泡陶瓷层原料的烧失量大于5%wt。发泡陶瓷层原料组分以质量份数计如下表所示:
发泡陶瓷层原料组分核算成氧化物以质量百分比计如下表所示(单位为%):
对比例3
采用与实施例3相同的各项参数和制备步骤,区别仅在于所制备的陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:所述的陶瓷粉料球磨工艺参数为:浆料细度2.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分35%;所述陶瓷层的粉料含水率为8.5%,所述陶瓷层的布料厚度为15mm。
对比例4
采用与实施例3相同的各项参数和制备步骤,区别仅在于所制备的发泡陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:发泡陶瓷粉料球磨工艺参数为:浆料细度1.5%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分35%;发泡陶瓷层的粉料生坯强度高于1.3Mpa,粉料含水率为7.5%,容重0.82g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别为3%。
检测实施例1~5和对比例1~4所制备的发泡陶瓷板性能,比较结果如下表1所示。
表1
样品 | 陶瓷层表面平整度 | 层间是否开裂分层 |
实施例1 | 0.23%(一级) | 无开裂分层 |
实施例2 | 0.21%(一级) | 无开裂分层 |
实施例3 | 0.30%(一级) | 无开裂分层 |
实施例4 | 0.34%(一级) | 无开裂分层 |
实施例5 | 0.25%(一级) | 无开裂分层 |
对比例1 | 0.65%(三级) | 极少量开裂分层(约5%) |
对比例2 | 0.36%(二级) | 极少量开裂分层(约2%) |
对比例3 | 0.41%(二级) | 极少量开裂分层(约4%) |
对比例4 | 0.35%(一级) | 无开裂分层 |
注明:1)表面平整度以其短边为参照,陶瓷砖通常要求偏差在0.2%以内,对于复合板类产品,因其较厚,可以适当放宽至0.5~0.8%,这里我们设定偏差范围在0.2~0.35%为一级,偏差范围0.36~0.5%为二级,偏差范围0.51~0.8%为三级;2)少量分层开裂在工业生产中是允许的,通常低于10%就可以认为有较好的产业化特性。我们对应以此为检测标准。
由表1所示,实施例1~5所制得的发泡陶瓷板表面平整度的偏差均在0.2~0.35%范围,陶瓷层和发泡陶瓷层之间结合稳固,完全没有开裂分层现象,且表面平整度良好。可见,本发明通过调控陶瓷原料和发泡陶瓷原料的组分配比,控制陶瓷原料的线性热膨胀系数与发泡陶瓷原料的线性热膨胀系数相匹配,陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层结合度高,且表面平整度良好。尤其,当陶瓷层原料与发泡陶瓷层原料在30-200℃以及30-600℃的线性热膨胀系数的差值均≤0.7×10-6K-1时,陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层结合度更高,综合性能更好。
对比例1中陶瓷层原料的烧失量过大,出窑后陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层存在极少量开裂分层(约5%)的现象,且表面平整度偏差大于0.5%,表面平整度降低。对比例2中发泡陶瓷层原料的烧失量过大,导致收缩量增大,从而粉料氧化时间过长,发泡层温度偏高,烧结度和发泡效果稍差,陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层的结合性和收缩不同步,出窑静置24h后出现极少量开裂分层现象(约2%)。由此说明,控制陶瓷层原料与发泡陶瓷层原料的烧失量≤3%wt,板材的结合度更好,平整度更高。
对比例3调整了陶瓷层粉料的浆料细度和粉料含水率,烧后虽然表面平整度略有降低,陶瓷层烧结度不够,存在密集针孔,出窑后出现极少量分层开裂(约4%)的情况。对比例4的发泡陶瓷板烧后表面平整度良好,无分层开裂现象,但由于调整了发泡陶瓷层粉料的工艺参数,浆料细度放大,导致烧成温度偏高,在1160℃时未完全烧结,且烧成成品密度偏大40~80kg/m3,不利于长途运输,综合性能较差。综上,当陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8~1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分≤35%,粉料含水率为5%~5.5%,发泡陶瓷粉料工艺参数为浆料细度0.8~1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分≤35%;生坯强度高于1.3Mpa,粉料含水率为5.5~6.0%,容重0.87~0.88g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别≤1.5%时,烧后制品平整度更高,无开裂分层,发泡层密度适中,综合性能更好,从而成品厚度的稳定性更高。
实施例6
采用与实施例3相同的各项参数,区别仅在于发泡陶瓷层包括第一发泡层和第二发泡层,以质量份数计的第一发泡层和第二发泡层的原料组分如下表所示:
实施例6的制备工艺包括如下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份数,将陶瓷层原料制备成陶瓷粉料,陶瓷粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分35%,粉料含水率为5%;在耐火窑具内布撒厚度为15mm的陶瓷粉料,刮平;
(2)按上述质量份数,将第一发泡层原料和第二发泡层原料分别制备成第一发泡粉料和第二发泡粉料,第一发泡粉料和第二发泡粉料工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分35%,粉料含水率为5.5%,容重0.87g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别≤1.5%,生坯强度高于1.3Mpa;先将第一发泡粉料布撒于陶瓷层上,厚度为60mm,刮平后再将第二发泡粉料布撒于第一发泡层上,厚度为4mm,刮平;
(3)送入窑炉中烧成,烧成温度为1160℃,烧成周期为13.5h,冷却出窑后拆除耐火窑具,获得发泡陶瓷板;
(4)冷却24h后,将发泡陶瓷板沿三层材料的分界线所在侧面三等分切割,陶瓷层抛光打磨,即获得三种陶瓷板材。
如图1所示,实施例6制得的发泡陶瓷板具备三层结构,分别为第二发泡层1,第一发泡层2和陶瓷层3,且各层间结合稳固,层间界限平直度良好。如图2a所示,沿切割线A、B进行切割加工后,可以获得三种陶瓷板材,如图2b所示,分别为第一发泡层2与第二发泡层1相结合的陶瓷板材Ⅰ;仅具有第一发泡层的陶瓷板材Ⅱ;以及陶瓷层3与第一发泡层2相结合的陶瓷板材Ⅲ。其中,第二发泡层1和陶瓷层3分别作为陶瓷板材Ⅰ和陶瓷板材Ⅲ的面层装饰层,第二发泡层可以通过添加公知的色料提升装饰性,通过调整烧结后的密度提升硬度。
实施例7
采用与实施例1相同的各项参数和制备步骤,区别仅在于在步骤(2)与步骤(3)之间还包括向发泡陶瓷层上布撒按如下氧化物的质量百分比的原料(单位为%)所制备的低温粉料的步骤。
测试烧成后产品表面的防污性能。将污泥与灰尘覆盖在发泡陶瓷面层上,用清水即可冲洗干净。由于发泡陶瓷自身特性,表面粗糙存在孔洞,因此产品在使用过程中防污效果差,实施例7在发泡陶瓷层上布撒一些低温物质,可有效改善发泡陶瓷层表面的防污性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是在本发明的发明构思下,利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构变换,或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)铺设陶瓷层:在耐火窑具内布撒厚度≥5mm的陶瓷粉料,刮平;
(2)铺设发泡陶瓷层:将发泡陶瓷粉料布撒于陶瓷层上,刮平;
(3)送入窑炉中烧成,冷却出窑后拆除耐火窑具,即获得发泡陶瓷板;
(4)将步骤(3)获得的发泡陶瓷板根据所需形制进行磨边和/或切割加工得到成品;
其中,步骤(1)中所述的陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数α1符合以下要求:
30-200℃:6.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.6×10-6K-1;30-600℃:7.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.5×10-6K-1;
步骤(2)中所述发泡陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数α2符合以下要求:
30-200℃:5.7×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.4×10-6K-1;30-600℃:6.7×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.6×10-6K-1。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其特征在于,所述的陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数α1符合以下要求:
30-100℃:5.9×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.6×10-6K-1;30-200℃:6.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.6×10-6K-1;30-300℃:6.3×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.8×10-6K-1;30-400℃:6.5×10-6K-1≤α1≤6.9×10-6K-1;30-500℃:6.7×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.1×10-6K-1;30-600℃:7.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.5×10-6K-1;30-700℃:7.0×10-6K-1≤α1≤7.6×10-6K-1;30-800℃:8.2×10-6K-1≤α1≤8.5×10-6K-1;
所述发泡陶瓷层原料的线性热膨胀系数α2符合以下要求:
30-100℃:5.5×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.2×10-6K-1;30-200℃:5.7×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.4×10-6K-1;30-300℃:6.0×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.7×10-6K-1;30-400℃:6.2×10-6K-1≤α2≤6.9×10-6K-1;30-500℃:6.6×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.2×10-6K-1;30-600℃:6.7×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.6×10-6K-1;30-700℃:6.9×10-6K-1≤α2≤7.6×10-6K-1;30-800℃:7.1×10-6K-1≤α2≤8.4×10-6K-1。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其特征在于,所述陶瓷层原料与所述发泡陶瓷层原料在30-200℃以及30-600℃的线性热膨胀系数的差值均≤0.7×10-6K-1。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其特征在于,所述陶瓷层原料与所述发泡陶瓷层原料的烧失量≤3%wt。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷生产工艺,其特征在于,所述陶瓷层原料组分以质量份数计,包括:9033锆白熔块10份、烧滑石5份、微晶熔块20份、钾钠石粉35份、钾长石15份、钠长石10份、球土5份、三聚磷酸钠0.25份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.15份;
所述发泡陶瓷层原料组分以质量份数计,包括:9033锆白熔块4份、压榨泥15份、发泡陶瓷废料20份、镁质土4份、河沙尾料32份、世荣尾料5份、建筑渣土20份、坯体增强剂0.25份、绿硅0.3份。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述的切割加工包括将所述发泡陶瓷板剖开的步骤,所述剖开的步骤以烧结后的陶瓷层与发泡陶瓷层的分界线为基准,剖开的剖线位于所述发泡陶瓷层一侧。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其特征在于,所述发泡陶瓷层包括至少两种烧后呈现不同装饰效果的第一发泡层和第二发泡层,布料过程为先布撒第一发泡层粉料,刮平后再布撒第二发泡层粉料。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其特征在于,所述陶瓷层的粉料通过球磨制浆、喷雾造粒获得;
所述球磨工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8~1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分≤35%;
所述陶瓷层的粉料含水率为5~5.5%,所述陶瓷层的布料厚度为10~25mm。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其特征在于,所述发泡陶瓷层的粉料通过球磨制浆、喷雾造粒获得:
所述球磨工艺参数为:浆料细度0.8~1.0%,以重量百分比计的浆料水分≤35%;
所述发泡陶瓷层的粉料生坯强度高于1.3Mpa,粉料含水率为5.5~6.0%,容重0.87~0.88g/ml,20目以上和100目以下的粉料颗粒分别≤1.5%;
所述发泡陶瓷层的布料厚度为25~75mm。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷板生产工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)与步骤(3)之间还包括向所述发泡陶瓷层上布撒可在步骤(3)烧成后形成防护层的低温原料的步骤,所述低温原料的组分以氧化物的质量百分比计包括:SiO2:54.35~68.96%,Al2O3:8.45~14.34%,Fe2O3:0.2~0.6%,TiO2:0.04~0.2%,CaO:5.04~18.4%,MgO:1.1~3.1%,K2O:0.5~5.8%,Na2O:3.5~9%,BaO:0.02~3.01%,ZnO:0.05~8%,L.O.I:0.2~3%。
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