CN118140419A - Full-polarity Hall sensor, control method thereof and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Full-polarity Hall sensor, control method thereof and electronic equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118140419A
CN118140419A CN202180103325.0A CN202180103325A CN118140419A CN 118140419 A CN118140419 A CN 118140419A CN 202180103325 A CN202180103325 A CN 202180103325A CN 118140419 A CN118140419 A CN 118140419A
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control
hall
signal
output
current
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邹晓磊
张志红
皮永祥
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Shanghai Awinic Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Awinic Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
    • G01R33/07—Hall effect devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945—Proximity switches
    • H03K17/95—Proximity switches using a magnetic detector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/003—Modifications for increasing the reliability for protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/02—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits using specified components
    • H03K19/18—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits using specified components using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
  • Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a full-polarity Hall sensing device, a control method and electronic equipment, wherein the full-polarity Hall sensing device comprises: the Hall sensing module comprises a Hall element and a Hall control circuit, wherein the Hall element is provided with two pairs of signal ends, one pair of signal ends are used as two control ends and connected to a control voltage end, and the other pair of signal ends are used as two output ends and are used for outputting sensing signals related to an external magnetic field; the comparison module is used for receiving the sensing signals and outputting corresponding control signals, and when an external magnetic field reaches a magnetic field threshold value, the control signals are turned over; and the threshold control module is used for switching the control end and the output end of the Hall element according to a first period, and sequentially inputting threshold control current to each signal end according to a second period, so that when the control signal turns over, an external magnetic field corresponds to any one of two magnetic field thresholds with opposite directions. The full-polarity Hall sensing device is small in size and low in power consumption.

Description

Full-polarity Hall sensor, control method thereof and electronic equipment Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of Hall sensing, in particular to a full-polarity Hall sensing device, a control method thereof and electronic equipment.
Background
A hall device is a magnetic sensor manufactured based on the principle of the hall effect, which is an electromagnetic effect, and when a current passes through a conductor perpendicular to an external magnetic field, an additional electric field is generated in the conductor perpendicular to the direction of the current and the magnetic field, so that a potential difference is generated at two ends of the conductor, and the phenomenon is called hall effect.
The Hall sensor is integrated inside, and the sensor has the characteristics of small power consumption, high sensitivity, high input/output isolation and the like, and has been widely applied to the fields of industry, communication, instrument manufacturing and the like. Hall sensor switches are an important application of hall sensor devices, please refer to fig. 1a, which is a unipolar (south pole) hall switch functional diagram. When the south pole of the magnet is close to the surface of the Hall sensor chip, and when the magnetic field intensity sensed by the chip is larger than the magnetic field threshold BOP, the output of the Hall sensor changes from high level to low level.
The volume of the magnet required in consumer products is usually very small, and the magnet matched with the unipolar Hall sensor device needs to distinguish between the north and the south poles during assembly, so that great inconvenience is brought to the assembly of the magnet, and the assembly cost is increased.
Therefore, the full-polarity Hall sensor device is more suitable for being applied to consumer products, and the output signal of the Hall sensor device can be inverted no matter the south pole or the north pole of the magnet is close. For example, existing all-polarity hall sensing devices mostly employ two hall sensing elements for sensing a south magnetic field and a north magnetic field, respectively. Referring to fig. 1b, when the south or north pole of the magnet is close to the surface of the full-polarity hall sensor switch chip and the magnetic field strength is greater than the south magnetic field threshold BOPS or the north magnetic field BOPN, the output of the hall sensor device changes from high level to low level.
But with two hall sensing elements, the power consumption and the chip area of the full-polarity hall sensing device are large.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides a full-polarity hall sensor, a control method thereof and electronic equipment, so as to reduce the power consumption and the volume of the full-polarity hall sensor.
The application provides a full polarity Hall sensing device, comprising: the Hall sensing module comprises a Hall element, wherein the Hall element is provided with two pairs of signal ends, one pair of signal ends are used as two control ends and connected to a control voltage end and used for inputting control voltage, the other pair of signal ends are used as two output ends, and the two output ends are used for outputting sensing signals related to an external magnetic field; the comparison module is used for receiving the sensing signals and outputting corresponding control signals according to the sensing signals, and when an external magnetic field reaches a magnetic field threshold value, the control signals are turned over; the threshold control module is used for switching the control end and the output end of the Hall element according to a first period, and inputting threshold control current to each signal end in sequence according to a second period, so that when the control signal turns over, an external magnetic field corresponds to any one of two magnetic field thresholds with opposite directions.
Optionally, the first period is the same as the second period.
Optionally, the comparison module includes a first amplifier and a comparator connected to an output end of the first amplifier; the two input ends of the first amplifier are respectively connected to the two output ends of the Hall element, and are used for amplifying the sensing voltage between the two output ends of the Hall element and then outputting the sensing voltage to the comparator to serve as a differential input signal of the comparator; the comparator outputs a corresponding control signal according to the size of the input differential input signal; a capacitor is connected in series between the positive output end of the first amplifier and the negative input end of the comparator, a switch is connected in series between the negative input end of the comparator and the output end, and the negative input end of the first amplifier is connected to the positive input end of the comparator.
Optionally, the threshold control module includes: the control current supply unit is used for supplying a threshold control current, and the current switching unit is used for switching on-off states between a current output end of the control current supply unit and each signal end of the Hall element according to a second period.
Optionally, the control current supply unit includes: the current limiting resistor is connected in series between the power supply voltage and a fixed potential end, and the fixed potential end is provided with a fixed potential.
Optionally, the control current supply unit further includes: the positive input end of the clamping amplifier is connected to the control voltage end, the negative input end of the clamping amplifier is connected to the fixed potential end, and the output end of the clamping amplifier is connected to the negative input end of the clamping amplifier.
Optionally, a switching element is further connected between the fixed potential end and the current switching unit, and an output end of the clamp amplifier is connected to a control end of the switching element.
Optionally, the current switching unit includes: and the current paths are connected between the current output end and the signal ends, and each current path is provided with a switch so as to control the on-off state of each current path.
Optionally, the current limiting resistor is consistent with the resistance type of the hall element.
Optionally, the threshold control module further includes a control voltage switching unit, where the control voltage switching unit is connected between the control voltage terminal and the hall element, and is configured to switch, according to a first period, an on-off state between the control voltage terminal and two pairs of signal terminals of the hall element, so as to switch a control terminal and an output terminal of the hall element.
Optionally, the control voltage switching unit includes two switches respectively connected to two adjacent signal terminals of the hall element; the other two signal terminals of the Hall element are grounded.
Optionally, the device further comprises a logic module connected to the output end of the comparison module, and configured to perform logic operation on the control signal output by the comparison module.
Optionally, the logic module is configured to perform an exclusive nor operation on the control signals output in different periods, and output a switching signal.
Optionally, the hall element is a square hall disk, and the two pairs of signal ends are respectively two groups of opposite vertex angles.
The application also provides a control method of the full-polarity Hall sensor, which comprises the following steps: providing a full polarity hall sensing device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims; the control end and the output end of the Hall element are switched according to a first period, and threshold control currents are sequentially input to the signal ends of the Hall element according to a second period.
Optionally, the first period is the same as the second period.
The present application also provides an electronic device including: a full polarity hall sensor device as claimed in any preceding claim.
According to the full-polarity Hall sensor, the control end and the output end of the Hall element are switched according to the first period, and threshold control currents are sequentially input to each signal end according to the second period, so that the output control signals correspond to two magnetic field thresholds and respectively correspond to south pole magnetic fields and north pole magnetic fields, and when an external magnetic field reaches any one of the magnetic field thresholds, the output control signals can be turned over. According to the full-polarity Hall sensing device, full-polarity sensing can be realized only by one Hall element, and the size and the power consumption of the full-polarity Hall sensing device are reduced.
Furthermore, the threshold control current input can also eliminate the influence of the temperature sensitivity of the Hall element on the full-polarity Hall sensor, and improve the sensing accuracy of the Hall sensor.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1a is a functional diagram of a unipolar Hall switch;
FIG. 1b is a functional diagram of a full polarity Hall switch;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a full polarity Hall sensor device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of a Hall element of an all-polarity Hall sensor device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2c is an equivalent schematic diagram of a Hall element according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a full polarity Hall sensor device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial circuit of a full polarity Hall sensor device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a threshold control signal according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6a is a schematic circuit diagram of the full polarity Hall sensor device of the present application during cycle 1 in operation;
FIG. 6b is a schematic circuit diagram of the full polarity Hall sensor device of the present application during cycle 2 of operation;
FIG. 6c is a schematic circuit diagram of the full polarity Hall sensor device of the present application during cycle 3 of operation;
Fig. 6d is a schematic circuit diagram of the full polarity hall sensor device of the present application during cycle 4 of operation.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a novel full-polarity Hall sensing device circuit, which reduces the power consumption and the volume of the full-polarity Hall sensing device.
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made in detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application. The various embodiments described below and their technical features can be combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of a full-polarity hall sensor according to an embodiment of the invention.
The all-polarity hall sensing device includes a hall sensing module 110, a comparison module 120, and a threshold control module 130.
The hall sensing module 110 includes: and the Hall element is used for generating corresponding Hall voltage according to the change of the externally applied magnetic field. In this embodiment, the hall element is a hall disc (please refer to fig. 2 b), the hall element is a square hall disc, and the two pairs of signal terminals are respectively at two opposite vertex angles. Two pairs of signal terminals are provided, wherein one pair of signal terminals is H1 and H3, and the other pair of signal terminals is H2 and H4. One pair of signal terminals is used as two control terminals and connected to the control voltage terminal for inputting control voltage, and the other pair of signal terminals is used as two output terminals for outputting sensing signals related to an external magnetic field. In this embodiment, the two control ends and the two output ends are respectively located at two opposite vertex angles of the square hall disk, and the control current direction between the control ends is different from the induced current phase between the output ends by 90 °.
The comparing module 120 is configured to receive the sensing signal, output a corresponding control signal VO1 according to the sensing signal, and flip the control signal when the external magnetic field reaches a magnetic field threshold. The control signal is 0 (low level) or 1 (high level), and the control signal is inverted from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0.
The threshold control module 130 is configured to switch the control terminal and the output terminal of the hall element according to a threshold control signal according to a first period, and sequentially input a fixed threshold control current to each signal terminal according to a second period, so that when the control signal is turned over, the external magnetic field corresponds to any one of two magnetic field thresholds with opposite directions. Since the hall sensor is equivalent to a resistor, for example, a square hall plate is equivalent to a wheatstone bridge, the resistance of each bridge arm is R H, and the equivalent resistance of the entire hall plate is R H. When one end inputs a threshold control current, the size of the output sensing signal can be adjusted, and when the magnetic field changes, the sensing signal output between the two output ends is a Hall voltage V H, and the threshold voltage generated by overlapping the threshold control current is V'. Therefore, by adjusting the threshold control current magnitude, the magnitude of the output sense signal can be adjusted. By inputting threshold control currents in different directions, two threshold voltages with opposite phases are generated, namely V ' and-V ', and then the sensing signals output between the two output ends are V H +V ' and V H -V.
In one embodiment, the magnitude of the sensing signal output between the two output terminals can be adjusted by inputting the threshold control current, and the magnitude of the sensing signal output by the two output terminals is used as the differential signal input by the comparison module 120. When the sensing signal between the two output ends is 0, namely V H + V ' =0 and V H -V ' =0, the signal is turned over, and two hall voltage thresholds, namely V H＝-V',V H =v ', are respectively corresponding to the two magnetic field thresholds B 0 and-B 0 with opposite polarities, and the south pole magnetic field and the north pole magnetic field are respectively corresponding to the two hall voltage thresholds, so that the hall sensing with full polarity is realized.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a full-polarity hall sensor according to an embodiment of the invention.
In this embodiment, the hall sensor module 110 further includes a control voltage terminal a, and a first resistor R0 is connected in series between the control voltage terminal a and the power supply voltage VDD, and the magnitude of the control current flowing through the hall element is limited by the first resistor R0. The equivalent resistance bit R H of the Hall disk controls the voltage of the voltage terminal A
The threshold control module 130 includes a control voltage switching unit 133, where the control voltage switching unit 133 is connected between the control voltage terminal a and the hall element, and is configured to switch the on-off state between the control voltage terminal a and the two pairs of signal terminals of the hall element according to a first period, so as to switch the control terminal and the output terminal of the hall element.
In this embodiment, the control voltage switching unit 133 includes a switch S1a and a switch S2a, which are connected to two adjacent signal terminals H1 and H4 of the hall element, respectively; the other two signal terminals H2 and H3 of the hall element are grounded through a switch S2e and a switch S1e, respectively. When the switches S1a and S1e are turned on and the switches S2a and S2e are turned off, the signal terminal H1 is connected to the control voltage terminal A, the signal terminal H3 is grounded, the H1 and H3 are used as control terminals, and the two signal terminals H2 and H4 are used as signal output terminals; when the switches S2a, S2e are turned on and the switches S1a, S1e are turned off, the signal terminal H4 is connected to the control voltage terminal a, the signal terminal H2 is grounded, the H4 and H2 are used as control terminals, and the two signal terminals H1 and H3 are used as signal output terminals.
The periodic switching of the control end and the output end can be realized by periodically controlling the on-off states of the switches S1a, S2a, S1e and S2e, and the switching period is the first period.
The threshold control module 130 of the hall sensor device further includes a control current supply unit 131 and a current switching unit 132. The control current providing unit 131 is configured to provide a fixed threshold control current I1, and the current switching unit 132 is configured to periodically switch on/off states between a current output terminal of the control current providing unit 131 and each signal terminal of the hall element, so that the threshold control current is sequentially input to each signal terminal according to a second period.
The control current providing unit 131 includes a current limiting resistor R1 connected in series between a power voltage VDD and a fixed potential terminal B, wherein the fixed potential terminal B has a fixed potential V B, and the fixed potential terminal B is a current output terminal of the control current providing unit 131. The threshold value controls the current
The fixed potential terminal B may have a fixed potential by being connected to a constant voltage power supply or a clamp circuit. In this embodiment, the potential of the fixed potential terminal B is clamped to the potential VA of the control voltage terminal a, that is, vb=va, by a clamp amplifier. Specifically, in this embodiment, the control current supply unit further includes: and a clamping amplifier AP2, wherein a positive input end of the clamping amplifier AP2 is connected to the control voltage end A, a negative input end of the clamping amplifier AP2 is connected to the fixed potential end B, and an output end of the clamping amplifier AP2 is connected to a negative input end of the clamping amplifier AP 2. The clamping amplifier AP2 clamps the potential VB of the negative input terminal, namely the fixed potential terminal B, to the potential V A of the control voltage terminal A, namely
The current bit I is controlled by the threshold value between the current limiting resistor R1 and the fixed potential end B 1
Further, in this embodiment, a switching element is further connected between the fixed potential terminal B and the output terminal of the clamp amplifier AP2, and the output terminal of the clamp amplifier AP2 is connected to the control of the switching element. The above-mentioned switching element is turned on only when the clamp amplifier AP2 is in a normal operation state, so that the fixed potential terminal B is connected to the hall element. In this embodiment, the switching element is a PMOS transistor M0, the output terminal of the clamp amplifier AP2 is connected to the gate of the PMOS transistor M0, the source of the PMOS transistor M0 is connected to the negative input terminal of the clamp amplifier AP2, and the drain of the PMOS transistor M0 is connected to the current switching unit 132. In other embodiments, the fixed potential terminal B may be directly connected to the input terminal of the current switching unit 132 without providing the switching element.
In other embodiments, the potential of the fixed potential end B may be defined to be a fixed potential value by other clamping circuits, and the specific structure of the clamping circuit is not limited herein, so that those skilled in the art may reasonably select according to requirements.
Further, the current switching unit 132 includes current paths connected between the current output terminal B and the signal terminals, and each current path is provided with a switch to control the on-off state of each current path. Specifically, the switches S3a and S2b are connected in series between the current output end and the signal end H1, the switches S4a and S2c are connected in series between the current output end and the signal end H2, the switches S3a and S1c are connected in series between the current output end and the signal end H3, and the switches S3a and S1b are connected in series between the current output end and the signal end H4.
The current switching unit 132 may further include a switch connected to a connection path between the hall element and the comparison module 120, for connecting the switched output terminal to the comparison module 120 when the output terminal of the hall element is switched. Specifically, a switch S2d is connected in series between the signal end H1 and the positive input end of the first amplifier AP1, a switch S1d is connected in series between the signal end H4 and the positive input end of the first amplifier AP1, a switch S1f is connected in series between the signal end H2 and the negative input end of the first amplifier AP1, and a switch S2f is connected in series between the signal end H3 and the negative input end of the first amplifier AP 1.
The on-off states of the switches in the control voltage switching unit 133 and the current switching unit 132 may be controlled by a preset threshold control signal to periodically control the on-off states of the switches, so that the input terminal and the control terminal of the hall element are switched according to a first period, and the threshold control current I1 is sequentially input to the signal terminals of the hall element according to a second period.
In this embodiment, the comparing module 120 includes a first amplifier AP1 and a comparator COMP connected to an output terminal of the first amplifier AP 1; the two input ends of the first amplifier AP1 are respectively connected to two output ends of the hall element, and are used for amplifying a sensing signal between the two output ends and outputting the amplified sensing signal to the comparator COMP as a differential input signal of the comparator COMP; the comparator COMP outputs a corresponding control signal VO1 according to the magnitude of the input differential input signal. Two output ends of the first amplifier AP1 are respectively connected to two input ends of the comparator COMP, a capacitor C0 is connected between one output of the first amplifier AP1 and a negative input end of the comparator COMP, and a switch S2g is connected between the negative input end of the comparator COMP and the output end of the comparator COMP. The first amplifier AP1 amplifies the mixed signal of the hall voltage and the threshold voltage, stores the amplified signal in the capacitor C0, and then the comparator COMP determines whether the current magnetic field reaches the set threshold.
In this embodiment, the all-polarity hall sensor device further includes a logic module 140.
The logic module 140 is configured to perform a logic operation on the control signal output by the comparing module 120.
In this embodiment, the logic module 140 is configured to perform an exclusive nor operation on two control signals output at different times. Specifically, the logic module 140 includes four flip-flops and an exclusive-or gate, which are respectively flip-flop 1, flip-flop 2, flip-flop 3 and flip-flop 4. An input terminal D1 of the flip-flop 1 is connected to the output terminal of the comparator COMP, an output terminal D2 of the flip-flop 2 is connected to an output terminal Q1 of the flip-flop 1, and a clock terminal C1 of the flip-flop 1 and a clock terminal C2 of the flip-flop 2 are both connected to the first clock signal CK1; an input terminal D3 of the flip-flop 3 is connected to the output terminal Q1 of the flip-flop 1, an input terminal D4 of the flip-flop 4 is connected to the output terminal Q2 of the flip-flop 2, and a clock terminal C3 of the flip-flop 3 and a clock terminal C4 of the flip-flop 4 are both connected to the second clock signal CK2; the output Q3 of the flip-flop 3 and the output Q4 of the flip-flop 4 are connected to two inputs of the exclusive-or gate, which outputs the switching signal VO2.
When the clock signal of the flip-flop is 0, its output signal remains in the last state, i.e., Q n＝Q n-1. Therefore, when CK1 = 1,When CK2 = 1, the base unit,So that
Therefore, the logic module 140 performs an exclusive nor logic output on the south pole comparison result and the north pole comparison result, so that the hall sensor device implements the hall sensor switch function.
In this embodiment, the logic module 140 is further connected to the output module 150, and is configured to amplify the switching signal VO2 in an inverted manner and output VOUT. The output module 150 includes: comprises a transistor M and a resistor R2, wherein in the embodiment, the transistor M is an NMOS transistor. One end of the resistor R2 is connected to the power voltage VDD, the other end is connected to the drain of the transistor M, the gate of the transistor M is connected to the output end of the latch logic module 140, the source is grounded, and the drain of the transistor M is used as the output end for outputting the control signal VOUT. When Q3 is high level, transistor M is on and VOUT is low level; when Q3 is low, transistor M is off and VOUT is high.
When the magnetic field B < BOPN < BOPS,Then vo2=1, vout=0;
when BOPN < B < BOPS, Then vo2=0 and vout=1;
When BOPN < BOPS < B, Then vo2=1 and vout=0.
The switching signal Vo2 drives the output circuit 150 to obtain the functional diagram of the all-pole hall switch shown in fig. 1 b.
In other embodiments, the logic module 140 may be configured to perform other logic operations for implementing other functions, such as implementing a latch hall sensing function, etc.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a first amplifier AP1 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.
The first amplifier AP1 includes a third amplifier AP3 and a fourth amplifier AP4; the positive input end of the third amplifier AP3 is connected to one output end of the Hall element, the voltage V1 is input, a resistor R4 is connected in series between the negative input end of the third amplifier AP3 and the positive input end of the fourth amplifier AP4, and the negative input end of the fourth amplifier AP4 is connected to the other output end of the Hall element and the voltage V2 is input; the output end of the third amplifier AP3 outputs a voltage V3, and a resistor R3 is connected in series between the output end and the negative input end of the third amplifier AP 3; the output end of the fourth amplifier AP4 outputs the voltage V4, and the output end is connected to the certificate input end thereof.
From the circuit of fig. 4, the following formula can be obtained:
V 4＝V 2；
Thus, the first amplifier AP1 can amplify the differential signals V1 and V2 into the differential signals V3 and V4, and A1 is an amplification factor of the third amplifier AP 3.
From the above formula, V 3>>V 4, V4 can be regarded as a dc signal with respect to V3.
In other embodiments, the first amplifier AP1 may also use other circuit structures capable of differentially amplifying the input signal.
The embodiment of the application also provides a control method of the full-polarity Hall sensor, which comprises the following steps: the control end and the output end of the Hall element are switched according to a first period, and threshold control currents are sequentially input to the signal ends of the Hall element according to a second period. Specifically, the first period is the same as the second period.
The switching process is realized by controlling the on-off state of each switch in the full-polarity Hall sensor.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of threshold control signals for controlling the switches in the voltage switching unit 133 and the current switching unit 132 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.
In fig. 5, the high level of each control signal corresponds to the switch being on, and the low level corresponds to the switch being off. Specifically, the switch S3a and the switch S4a switch the switch state in a period T1, and then the first period of the control end and the output end of the switching Hall element is T1/2; the other switches switch states with a period T2, i.e. a second period T2, where t1=2t2, such that the first period and the second period are the same.
The corresponding circuit states in each cycle are specifically described below.
Referring to fig. 6a, during period 1, switch S3a is on, switch S4a is off, switches S2 a-S2 g are on, and switches S1 a-S1 f are off. The control voltage end A is connected to the signal end H4, the signal end H2 is grounded, and the signal ends H4 and H2 serve as control ends; the signal terminals H1 and H3 are respectively connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the first amplifier AP1 as output terminals, and output the sensing signal Vin to the comparison module 120. The threshold control current I1 of the control current supply unit 131 flows to the signal terminal H1, and in this period, the hall element generates the hall voltage-V H; the S3a switch is conducted, the threshold control current I1 generates a threshold voltage 0.5I 1R H superposed on the Hall device between output ends, wherein R H is the equivalent resistance of the Hall device, and the input signal vin= -V H+0.5I 1R H of the first amplifier AP 1; switch S2g is turned on and capacitor C0 stores the amplified hall voltage signal and the threshold voltage mixed signal V C1,V C1＝A1*(-V H+0.5I 1R H during period 1).
Referring to fig. 6b, in period 2, the switch S3a is turned on, the switch S4a is turned off, the switches S1a to S1f are turned on, the switches S2a to S2g are turned off, the voltage V A is applied across the two ends H1 and H3 of the hall device, the two ends H1 and H3 are control ends, and the two ends H2 and H4 are output ends connected to the two input ends of the first amplifier AP 1. The Hall voltage generated by the Hall element in the period 2 is V H; the switches S3a and S1c are conducted, the threshold control current I1 flows to the signal end H3 of the Hall device, the threshold voltage generated in the period 2 is-0.5I 1R H, the input signal vin=V H-0.5I 1R H of the first amplifier AP1, and the amplified signal is V C2＝A1*(V H-0.5I 1R H); the switch S2g is turned off, and the comparator COMP starts to compare, where the compared signal is V C2-V C1＝A1*(V H-0.5I 1R H)-A1*(-V H+0.5I 1R H)＝A1*(2V H-I 1R H). when V C2-V C1 =0, and the control signal output by the comparator COMP is inverted, corresponding to the hall voltage threshold V H1＝0.5I 1R H.
Referring to fig. 6c, in period 3, the switch S3a is turned off, the switch S4a is turned on, the switches S2a to S2f are turned on, the switches S1a to S1f are turned off, the voltage V A is applied across the two ends H4 and H2 of the hall element, the two ends H4 and H2 are used as control terminals, and the two ends H1 and H3 are used as output terminals. The Hall voltage generated by the Hall device is-VH in the period 3; the S4a switch is conducted, a threshold control current I1 flows to the H2 end of the Hall device, the generated threshold voltage is-0.5I 1R H, and then the input signal vin= -V H-0.5I 1R H of the amplifier 1; switch S2g is turned on and capacitor C0 stores the amplified hall voltage signal and the voltage threshold mixed signal, V C3＝A1*(-V H-0.5I 1R H during period 3).
Referring to FIG. 6d, during period 4, the switches S1 a-S1 f are turned on, the switches S2 a-S2 f are turned off, and the voltage VA is applied across H1 and H3 of the Hall device, and the Hall voltage generated by the Hall device during period 4 is VH; the S4a switch is conducted, the threshold control current I1 flows to the signal end H4 of the Hall device, the generated threshold voltage is 0.5I 1R H, the input signal vin=V H+0.5I 1R H of the amplifier 1 is amplified, and the signal V C4＝A1*(V H+0.5I 1R H is amplified; the switch S2g is turned off, and the comparator COMP starts to compare, where the compared signal is V C4-V C3＝A1*(V H+0.5I 1R H)-A1*(-V H-0.5I 1R H)＝A1*(2V H+I 1R H). when V C4-V C3 =0, and the control signal output by the comparator COMP is inverted, corresponding to the hall voltage threshold V H2＝-0.5I 1R H.
It can be seen that the two hall voltage thresholds corresponding to the inversion of the output signal of the comparator COMP are respectively a south pole threshold voltage vops=v H1＝0.5I 1R H and a north pole threshold voltage VOPN =v H2＝-0.5I 1R H, which correspond to two magnetic field thresholds BOPS and BOPN with opposite directions, respectively, that is, the full-polarity hall sensor device of the present invention has two inversion points: a south pole flip point (BOPS) and a north pole flip point (BOPN).
According to the full-polarity Hall sensor, the control end and the output end of the Hall element are periodically switched, and threshold control currents are sequentially input to the signal ends, so that the output control signals correspond to two magnetic field thresholds and respectively correspond to south pole magnetic fields and north pole magnetic fields. And the full-polarity sensing can be realized by only one Hall element, so that the volume and the power consumption of the full-polarity Hall sensing device are reduced.
Further, the Hall element is equivalent to a Wheatstone bridge (please refer to FIG. 2 c), the resistance of each bridge arm is R H, the Hall voltage V H is generated between the two output ends due to the magnetic field B,
When the differential voltage vin=0 is input to the input terminal of the first amplifier AP1 due to the input of the threshold control current I 1, two voltage thresholds vops=0.5i 1R H,VOPN＝-0.5I 1R H due to the fact thatThe two corresponding magnetic field threshold values are respectively obtainedAnd
And the current limiting resistor R1 is a square resistor,
Where q is the charge constant, n is the electron concentration, u n is the electron mobility, w is the width of the resistor, L is the length of the resistor, and d is the thickness of the resistor.
Under constant voltage conditions (i.e., where V A is constant), the sensitivity of the hall element can be expressed as:
Where u n is the electron mobility of the hall element, which is the same as the mobility of the current limiting resistor R 1. v is the charge movement speed, W 'is the width of the hall element 110, and L' is the length of the hall element 110. Since R 1 is inversely proportional to u n, K H is directly proportional to u n, and R 1 is multiplied by K H, exactly canceling the effect of u n.
According to the above formula, the threshold value of the turning point magnetic field of the comparator COMP can be obtained: and
It can be seen that the temperature-dependent parameter of the flip-point magnetic field B is only the resistance of the first resistor R0, and is independent of the temperature coefficient of the hall element. Even if the electron mobility of the hall element changes with the temperature change to cause the sensitivity of the hall element to change, the magnitudes of the turning point magnetic fields B s and B N do not change with the sensitivity change of the hall element, so that the detection accuracy of the full-polarity hall sensor device can be improved. In order to reduce the influence of temperature variation on the flip-point magnetic field B as much as possible, the first resistor R0 may be of a resistor type with a small temperature coefficient, such as a low-temperature drift resistor, including: foil resistance, film resistance, foil resistance, metal film resistance, die resistance, and the like. The change of the magnetic field of the turning point of the comparator COMP along with the temperature is small, and a stable magnetic field turning point can be obtained, so that the stability of the Hall sensor device is improved.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided an electronic device including: the full polarity hall sensor device of any one of the preceding embodiments. The full-polarity Hall sensor has small volume and low power consumption, and can further improve the integration level of electronic equipment and reduce the power consumption.
The foregoing embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above embodiments, but are intended to be included within the scope of the present application as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (17)

  1. A full polarity hall sensing device, comprising:
    The Hall sensing module comprises a Hall element, wherein the Hall element is provided with two pairs of signal ends, one pair of signal ends are used as two control ends and connected to a control voltage end and used for inputting control voltage, the other pair of signal ends are used as two output ends, and the two output ends are used for outputting sensing signals related to an external magnetic field;
    The comparison module is used for receiving the sensing signals and outputting corresponding control signals according to the sensing signals, and when an external magnetic field reaches a magnetic field threshold value, the control signals are turned over;
    The threshold control module is used for switching the control end and the output end of the Hall element according to a first period, and inputting threshold control current to each signal end in sequence according to a second period, so that when the control signal turns over, an external magnetic field corresponds to any one of two magnetic field thresholds with opposite directions.
  2. The all-polarity hall sensing device of claim 1, wherein the first period is the same as the second period.
  3. The full polarity hall sensing device of claim 1, wherein the comparison module comprises a first amplifier and a comparator connected to an output of the first amplifier; the two input ends of the first amplifier are respectively connected to the two output ends of the Hall element, and are used for amplifying the sensing voltage between the two output ends of the Hall element and then outputting the sensing voltage to the comparator to serve as a differential input signal of the comparator; the comparator outputs a corresponding control signal according to the size of the input differential input signal; a capacitor is connected in series between the positive output end of the first amplifier and the negative input end of the comparator, a switch is connected in series between the negative input end of the comparator and the output end, and the negative input end of the first amplifier is connected to the positive input end of the comparator.
  4. The full polarity hall sensing device of claim 1, wherein the threshold control module comprises: the control current supply unit is used for supplying a threshold control current, and the current switching unit is used for switching on-off states between a current output end of the control current supply unit and each signal end of the Hall element according to a second period.
  5. The full polarity hall sensing device of claim 4, wherein the control current supply unit comprises: the current limiting resistor is connected in series between the power supply voltage and a fixed potential end, and the fixed potential end is provided with a fixed potential.
  6. The all-polarity hall sensing device of claim 5, wherein the control current supply unit further comprises: and the positive input end of the clamping amplifier is connected to the control voltage end, the negative input end of the clamping amplifier is connected to the fixed potential end, and the output end of the clamping amplifier is connected to the negative input end of the clamping amplifier.
  7. The full polarity hall sensing device according to claim 6, wherein a switching element is further connected between the fixed potential terminal and the current switching unit, and an output terminal of the clamp amplifier is connected to a control terminal of the switching element.
  8. The full polarity hall sensing device of claim 5, wherein the current switching unit comprises: and the current paths are connected between the current output end and the signal ends, and each current path is provided with a switch so as to control the on-off state of each current path.
  9. The full polarity hall sensing device of claim 5, wherein the current limiting resistor is of a type consistent with the resistance of the hall element.
  10. The full polarity hall sensor of claim 4, wherein the threshold control module further comprises a control voltage switching unit connected between the control voltage terminal and the hall element for switching on/off states between the control voltage terminal and two pairs of signal terminals of the hall element according to a first period to switch a control terminal and an output terminal of the hall element.
  11. The full polarity hall sensing device of claim 10, wherein the control voltage switching unit comprises two switches respectively connected to two adjacent signal terminals of the hall element; the other two signal terminals of the Hall element are grounded.
  12. The full polarity hall sensing device of claim 1, further comprising a logic module coupled to an output of the comparison module for performing a logic operation on the control signal output by the comparison module.
  13. The all-polar hall sensor device of claim 12, wherein the logic module is configured to nor the control signals output in different periods and output a switching signal.
  14. The full polarity hall sensing device of claim 1, wherein the hall element is a square hall plate and the two pairs of signal terminals are respectively two sets of opposite vertex angles.
  15. The control method of the full-polarity Hall sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
    providing a full polarity hall sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 14;
    And switching the control end and the output end of the Hall element according to a first period, and sequentially inputting threshold control current to each signal end of the Hall element according to a second period.
  16. The method of controlling a full polarity hall sensor device according to claim 15, wherein the first period is the same as the second period.
  17. An electronic device, comprising: the all-polar hall sensor device of any one of claims 1 to 14.
CN202180103325.0A 2021-12-10 2021-12-10 Full-polarity Hall sensor, control method thereof and electronic equipment Pending CN118140419A (en)

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